Thematische Bibliographien / Winter crops

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Winter crops“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Juni 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Winter crops"

Lingorski, Vladimir. "Variation of some chemical indicators in forage of annual winter pure and mixed crops cultivated in Central Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria)." Journal of Agrobiology 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10146-012-0002-6.

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Abstract The aim of this experiment was to determine the variations in some important chemical indicators of annual winter cereal and legume pure and mixed crops for green forage production under the conditions of the fore-mountain regions of the Central Northern Bulgaria (Troyan region). In pure crops the crude protein content had fewer values compared to mixed crops. The cereals accumulated less crude fat in comparison with legumes. In mixed crops the crude fat was from 1.99 to 2.82%, with a relatively lower coefficient of variation in comparison with pure crops. More crude fibre was indicated in winter barley, triticale and winter vetch. All pure crops displayed a low coefficient of variation (from 7.21% to 10.26%). The lowest values of crude fibre were in the mixed crops with winter pea and they had a lower coefficient of variation compared to pure crops. In regard to crude ash content the legumes exceeded the cereals. In the legume pure crops a low coefficient of variation was established, while in cereals it was a medial value. On the whole all mixed crops had a low coefficient of variation. In legumes the calcium content was higher but with a low coefficient of variation than cereals. In mixed crops irrespective of whether it had a cereal or legume component the calcium content in forage varied from 0.530 to 0.870%. In mixtures the calcium variation was mostly with a medial value. The phosphorus content had lower values in forage of pure and mixed crops. The least variation (as a medial value) was observed in winter vetch and winter barley. In mixed crops with winter barley this indicator had a low coefficient of variation. The most favorable proportion between calcium and phosphorus for pure crops was found in cereals (triticale and winter barley) - respectively 2.46 and 2.23 and for mixed crops - in Winter barley+winter pea and Winter barley+winter vetch - from 1.76 to 2.57.

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Mahmud-ul-Islam, Syed, and Md Shareful Hassan. "Estimation of Winter Crops and Open Water Bodies in the Brahmaputra Floodplain of Northern Bangladesh using MODIS Imageries." Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 4, no. 6 (January 27, 2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.29150/jhrs.v4.6.p129-133.

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Winter crops and open water bodies have a crucial role for agriculture as well as socio-economic development in the Brahmaputra floodplain of northern Bangladesh. In this paper, two multi-date MODIS Aqua imageries of 2003 and 2014 were analysed to classify winter crops and open water bodies during winter periods. Mainly two NDVI images of 2003 and 2014 were used to extract spectral profiles of winter crops and open water bodies that were classified by density slicing and iso-cluster methods. Finally, the classified results show increased trends of winter crops while other crops have decreased tendency. Moreover, an annual growth rate of winter crops and open water was 4% and 1.4% respectively, whereas other crops have negative decreased rate (-2.1%).

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Attarod, P., and M. Aoki. "Measurements of the actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of summer and winter seasons crops in Japan." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 3 (April 6, 2009): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/324-pse.

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The main goal was to understand the trends of actual evapotranspiration (AET) and crop coefficient (Kc) in summer and winter seasons crops in Japan, maize, soybean, wheat and Italian rye-grass. Bowen ratio energy balance technique (BREB) was applied to measure the AET and heat flux between ground surface and atmosphere. Measurements were carried out using an automatic weather station (AWS) installed seasonally in the experimental farm of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT). Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO was used to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and Kc was obtained from the ratio of AET to ET0. The results indicated that the average amount of daytime AET in the winter and summer seasons crops were approximately 2.5 and 3.5 mm, respectively monthly daytime. Daytime AET varied between 1.3 and 5.7 mm in winter season crops and between 1.4 and 6.5 mm in summer season crops. No significant differences between daily average values of AET for winter season as well as for summer season crops were found at 5% level of confidence (t = 0.9278, wheat and Italian rye-grass and t = 0.6781, soybean and maize). Average Kc values of summer season crops were found to be slightly higher than those of winter seasons crops. For planning the irrigation scheduling, it is quite necessary to understand the behaviors of AET and Kc during the growing season.

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Sharipova, Rezeda, Robert Hakimov, and Natal'ya Hakimova. "INFLUENCE OF PRECURSES AND SOWING DATE ON OVER-WINTERING AND WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CHANGING REGIONAL CONDITIONS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-66-71.

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The research was carried out in order to determine the optimal time for sowing winter wheat according to various predecessors in the changing climate of Volga forest-steppe. The work was carried out in 2013–2019 in Ulyanovsk region on heavy loamy leached chernozem using conventional techniques. The experimental scheme provided for the study of two predecessors (peas and pure fallow) of winter soft wheat of Marafon variety, sown at 6 sowing dates with an interval of 10 days (from August 20 to October 10). The seeding rate for pure fallow is 5.0 million viable seeds per hectare, for peas - 5.5 million viable seeds per hectare. Average annual air temperature for 1961–2018 increased by 1.8°С. Its most significant increase was noted in the last twenty-five year period of time in the winter months. The increase in the frequency of extremely warm winters and temperature variability in the winter period significantly changed the conditions for overwintering winter crops. The danger of the development of wintering weeds, damping diseases, and soaking of winter crops has increased, and the conditions for overwintering pests have improved. It is possible to mitigate the danger of the natural and climatic vulnerability of crops during the wintering period by observing the optimal sowing dates, which should be postponed to a later period (7 ... 12 days), compared with the previously recommended ones. The optimal sowing period for winter wheat in Ulyanovsk region is from August 30 to September 10. Earlier crops are more intensively affected by diseases (powdery mildew and brown rust), and later crops, which have left in the winter in the germination phase, form a low density, form a small ear and provide low productivity or completely die

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Šumskienė, Dalė, Lina Skinulienė, and Donatas Klimavičius. "Winter Wheat Resilience Under Different Pre-Crop Conditions in Albeluvisol Soils." Sustainability 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2024): 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010216.

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One of the most popular varieties in crop farming is wheat. In Lithuania, more than 460 winter wheat varieties are registered in the State Register of Plant Varieties. One of the most popular and time-tested varieties is ‘Skagen’, which is highly valued for its winter hardiness. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of different pre-crops on the winter survival of the wheat variety ‘Skagen’ in Albeluvisol soils. For the experiment, fields of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety ‘Skagen’ from farms in the Lazdijai district were chosen. The experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018. Plant count, chlorophyll index, and weed count were evaluated. After evaluating the differences in plant density after winter, it was found that a significantly greater reduction in plant density, 98.06%, occurred after winter wheat and 97.62% after spring wheat pre-crops compared to perennial grass pre-crops. The highest chlorophyll index was in winter wheat crops, where the pre-crops were peas, winter rape, and perennial grasses, respectively, ranging from 17.78% to 19.57%. Properly selected pre-crops reduce the risk of overwintering and form a strong crop from the beginning of vegetation.

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Ilyin, Denis P., Razit B. Nurlygayanov, Ruzil G. Yagafarov, and Ekaterina A. Izhmulkina. "WINTER CROPS OF KUZBASS: STATE, PROSPECTS." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 67, no. 3 (2023): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2023-67-3-6-15.

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Winter crops are distinguished by the effective use of autumn-winter moisture and meltwater in spring. In the conditions of Western Siberia, they are insurance crops. In the Kemerovo region, winter crops are used for food, fodder and technical purposes. grain of winter rye, winter wheat and winter triticale is used for food purposes. Winter wheat is cultivated for technical processing to obtain edible vegetable oil in local oil extraction plants. The cake after seed processing is used in animal husbandry as a high-protein component in the production of compound feeds. Winter rye is a traditional food grain crop, often surpasses the yield of spring wheat. During the period 2007–2022 the crop yield varied from 15.6 c/ha to 28.1 c/ha. In arid 2012, the yield of spring grain was 9.0 c/ha, winter rye – 15.1 c/ha. The crop yield in individual farms reaches 50 centners or more per hectare. In 2022, winter rye crops decreased by 4.5 thousand hectares and amounted to 15.7 thousand hectares. Winter rye occupies one third of the acreage of the winter wedge of the region. Winter wheat in Western Siberia began to be cultivated in the early twentieth century. Cultivation of the crop on a large scale began in the last 20 years with the introduction of new hardy varieties. In 2022, winter wheat was cultivated in all municipal districts on an area of 22055 hectares. the grain yield of the crop by region ranged from 16.9 c/ha to 41.7 c/ha. Winter triticale in the region is distributed in limited quantities, although the productivity of the crop is higher than that of winter rye by 5.25 % and winter wheat by 14.7 %. Cultivation of winter wheat for seeds is about 15 years. In 2017–2021, the area of winter wheat in the region ranged from 5186 (2021) to 6140 ha (2017), seed yield from 5.0 c/ha to 20.0 c/ha. The acreage of winter crops is 7.8 %t in the structure of acreage. For a scientifically based farming system in the field, the area of winter crops must be increased to 15 % or double the level of 2022.

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Rathod, Vrunda, Christian Stacey, and Bharat Maitrey. "NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SELECTED WINTER CROPS IN INDIA." VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47413/vidya.v1i1.28.

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The crops that are sown in the winter season are called “Rabi crops” ( also known as the “winter crop” . Winter gardening is about harvesting crops all winter that were planted in the summer and fall. This review provides the information of production of winter crops ; they are tobacco, wheat, maize, pea and gram. Tobacco [Nicotina tabacum L.] is an important commercial cash crop grown in India. It contains a chemical called nicotine which is an addictive substance. Wheat and Maize are the two important cereals for all around the world. Cereals are a good source of vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Dietary Fiber, and Calcium. Pea and gram are the two most important pulse crops. They are a good source of amino acids, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. These four crops are therefore, very nutritious and helps in the growth of human beings.

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Sadykov, Esbosyn Polatovich, Biisenbai Aripovich Bekbanov, Bibinaz Muratbaevna Kosbergenova, and Raikhan Mukhammedovna Aimuratova. "Winter Resistance Of Winter Wheat Under Extreme Conditions." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 07 (July 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue07-01.

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The article discusses the issue of frost resistance of varieties and samples of winter wheat sown at different depths, in the extreme conditions of Karakalpakstan. Both a decrease and an excessive deepening of sowing leads to a significant decrease in their resistance to low temperatures, which negatively affects their subsequent survival in the spring-summer period. On the basis of the data, 2 varieties were selected, they turned out to be frost-resistant and differed in good yield and other valuable traits in comparison with the zoned varieties. They were transferred to the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops, under the name "Chimbay" and "Aral".

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Peterson, Alan T., Marisol T. Berti, and Dulan Samarappuli. "Intersowing Cover Crops into Standing Soybean in the US Upper Midwest." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050264.

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Nutrient losses and soil erosion after soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) harvest are common in the US Upper Midwest. Cover crops need to provide adequate growth and cover to prevent soil degradation throughout the winter and early spring months. The objective of this study was to determine the establishment of intersown cover crops and their impacts on a soybean-wheat rotation. Four cover crops—winter camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.)—were directly sown at the R4 and R6 stages of soybean at two locations, Prosper and Fargo, ND in 2016–2017. Cover crops above ground biomass in the fall ranged from 0.4 to 3.0 Mg ha−1 and N accumulation ranged from 28.7 to 73.2 kg ha−1. Winter camelina and winter rye reduced subsequent spring wheat yield compared with the no cover crop treatment. Fall soil residual NO3-N levels were lowest where cover crops were sown compared with the check. Spring NO3-N levels were lowest in winter camelina and winter rye compared with all the other cover crops and the check. Results indicated intersowing cover crops have no impact on soybean yield, and show potential to mitigate soil nitrate losses in areas that grow soybean as a cash crop.

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Zhichkina, Lyudmila N., Vladimir V. Nosov, and Kirill A. Zhichkin. "Seasonal Population Dynamics and Harmfulness of Wheat Thrips in Agrocenoses of Grain Crops." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010148.

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The purpose of the study was to identify forage plants and specialized entomophages of wheat thrips in agrocenoses of winter and spring grain crops cultivated in the Samara region. The highest number of adult pests was noted in winter wheat crops (2365.0 ind./100 strokes), the lowest in winter barley crops (565.0 ind./100 strokes). Egg laying by wheat thrip females occurred on all grain crops. Larvae of wheat thrips were noted in the ears of winter and spring wheat, triticale, and winter barley, with the exception of spring barley. During the research, two specialized entomophages were identified: striped thrips and predatory thrips. During the research years, the largest numbers of predatory thrips were noted in winter wheat crops in the earing phase (90 ind./100 strokes) and in spring wheat and spring barley crops in the booting phase—75 ind./100 strokes and 40 ind./100 strokes, respectively. The damage to winter wheat grain by wheat thrips varied from 55.3% to 69.2% and was higher than the damage to spring wheat grain (38.5–64%). With a certain ratio of specialized entomophages and wheat thrips, it is possible to refuse the use of insecticides in the cultivation of grain crops.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Winter crops"

Steffl, Nicholas James. "Relay-Sowing Soybean Into Established Winter Annual Cover Crops." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31714.

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Cover crop acreage continues to increase as soil, grazing, and ecosystem benefits become better known. The profit aspect of sustainability could be improved by producing intersown cover crops with an added commodity value. Objectives of this research were to determine if field pennycress, winter camelina, and winter rye could act as effective, feasible, intersown cover crops in soybean-soybean-corn, and, corn-soybean-corn crop sequences. Three sowing dates of each crop were established the previous fall, and soybean, relay-sown the following spring at Prosper and Casselton, ND. Experimental design was a 10 treatment, four replicate, randomized complete block with a 3×3 factorial arrangement, and one non-treated check (NTC) within each replicate. In both crop sequences, treatments containing field pennycress and winter camelina had either similar, or reduced soybean seed yield in relation to the (NTC). Additional yield obtained from field pennycress and/or winter camelina seed did not render this cropping system economically feasible.

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Hui, Wun-fung, and 許桓峰. "Bird damage to vegetable crops in Long Valley during winter." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194581.

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Long Valley is the largest agricultural wetland in Hong Kong and supports a high level of biodiversity. The implementation of Management Agreement project in Long Valley has successfully enhanced its conservation value through habitat management and various eco-agricultural practices. However, the conflict between profitable agricultural yield and bird conservation in the area has also been intensifying as reflected by the increasing number of complaints of bird-related crop damage from local farmers in winter. The study aimed to assess the extent and impact of crop damage caused by birds in Long Valley during winter. The first part of the study involved a transect survey in the area reported to be the most severely affected area of Long Valley to determine the bird diversity and abundance, also the environmental factors of individual farmland plots were collected for analysis of their relationship with bird distribution. The bird species responsible for crop damage (targeted species) were also identified. The second part of the study evaluated the impact of different targeted species by using the technique of focal animal sampling, which involved focused observation of individual bird’s behaviour in the field and to quantify its time budget spent on crop-damaging behaviour. In order to understand the perspectives from farmers, face-to-face interviews with farmers practicing in the area were also conducted. The study identified five species to have crop-damaging behaviour, which can be further divided into two groups: the crop-consuming species causing actual crop damage included Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus) and Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus). The incidental crop-pecking species causing minimal crop damage included the White Wagtail (Motacilla alba)and Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla tschutschensis). Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was the only type of crop suffering from bird damage. The intensity of crop-damaging behaviour of a species was estimated by the mean time allocated in crop consumption, and was found to be 66.7%±7.3% in Chinese Bulbul, 31.6%±29.1% in Eurasian Tree Sparrow and 8.9%±12.0% in Crested Myna. However, taking into account of the abundance, distribution and activity record of a species, Crested Myna showed the greatest overall impact to the vegetable crops. Chinese Bulbul showed a relatively focal but intensive damage to a few plots. It was found that having wires and a wet field nearby the plots were significant determinants of the presence of Eurasian Tree Sparrow. And the presence of Chinese Bulbul was significantly associated with the use of bird deterrents. Crested Myna was found in significantly higher numbers in late afternoon and was associated with plots having the seedling stage of lettuce growth. The study shows that birds do cause localized and patchy damage to vegetable crops in Long Valley. Individual farmlands may exhibit variations in severity of the damage due to the difference in species distribution and environmental factors. The management of bird damage must therefore be individualized from plot to plot. Also education and engagement with local farmers are indispensable to maintaining sustainable agricultural development while conserving avifauna in Long Valley. published_or_final_version Environmental Management Master Master of Science in Environmental Management

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Higgins, Todd R. "An economic analysis of the value of grazing winter cover crops." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36221.

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Master of Agribusiness Department of Agricultural Economics Jason S. Bergtold Cover crops can be used as forage for cattle and other grazing animals. This research investigated the net returns of using cover crops for forage or grazing under four scenarios. These scenarios were: 1) a mixed crop and livestock producer who owns a herd of cattle and has both dry or pregnant cows and weaned calves available to graze corn stover and cover crops; 2) a crop farmer who purchases stocker cattle for the purpose of grazing the cover crop and corn stover; 3) a crop farmer who leases out a corn stover and cover crop field to a livestock producer (and who provides value-added services to the livestock producer for a fee); and 4) an integrated operation with crops and cattle where cover crops are not grown and hay is fed to cattle during the winter months. Each of these scenarios had different budgets, risks, and profit potentials. The research aimed to address the risks and profit potentials for each scenario. The stocking density was initially set at three cows and 31 steers for a period of 90 days, and alternatively, three cows and 25 steers for a period of 120 days. Two sets of cattle pricing data were used: the average historical prices from 1992 to 2011 and reported prices from a regional stockyard for the period of November 2016 to March 2017. The results showed that the initial stocking densities used for scenarios one and two were too low to provide profitable net returns regardless of pricing data used. Net returns for scenario three were also not profitable based on the services rendered and the management fee charged. Scenario four was profitable on one occasion. November steers with a 500 lb. average starting weight fed hay and concentrate for 120 days resulted in a positive net return of $375. A second analysis was done using stocking rates of 50, 75, or 100 steers to determine if increasing stocking density would result in a positive net return using only the 2016/2017 pricing data and only evaluating net returns on 2.0 and 2.5 lbs. of average daily gain. Positive net returns were achieved at various start weights and average daily gain rates at stocking rates of 75 and 100 animals. No positive net returns were realized at the stocking rate of 50 animals/100 acre field. The management fee charged for providing management services under scenario three was adjusted based on stocking densities to determine if a positive net return could be achieved at the set fee rate of $0.875/head/day. At that rate, no stocking rate resulted in a positive net return. Using the cost data, less the $900 field lease income, a breakeven pricing point for the management fee was determined for each stocking density and grazing duration within the scenario. Management of cost factors to achieve greater chances of profitability and additional research needs are discussed.

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Freeman, Oliver W. II. "Winter cover crops in corn and forage sorghum rotations in the Great Plains." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17892.

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Doctor of Philosophy Department of Agronomy Mary Beth Kirkham In Kansas, winter cover crops have a new interest with the development of summer crops for biofuel. When a crop is harvested for bioenergy, the residue is removed leaving the soil prone to erosion during the winter. It is possible that the use of winter cover crops may allow for more residue to remain in a field while keeping the soil from blowing. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of two winter cover crops on the growth of two biofuel crops, corn (Zea mays L.) and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in a corn-forage sorghum rotation. The two cover crops were a legume, Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense Poir.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Control plots were fallowed. The experiment was done for two years (2010 and 2011) at two locations: under rain-fed conditions in Manhattan in the northeastern part of Kansas, where the soil was a Belvue silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed superactive non-acid, mesic Typic Udifluvents) and under irrigated conditions in Tribune in the western part of Kansas, where the soil was a Richfield silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Argiustolls). Two levels of nitrogen were added to the soil: 0 and 101 kg ha[superscript]-1 N. Grain and stover yields of the corn and forage sorghum were determined at harvest of the crops in the fall, and dry matter production of the cover crops was determined at their termination in the springs of 2011 and 2012. Additional nitrogen fertilizer increased grain and stover yields in both growing seasons at both locations, except for Manhattan in 2010. During the second winter of the study, Austrian winter pea did not emerge in Manhattan, probably due to a combination of cold temperatures and drought. Austrian winter pea survived both winters at Tribune. Corn yielded more grain than did the forage sorghum in Manhattan in 2011 and in Tribune in 2011. This suggests that, under both rain-fed and irrigated conditions in Kansas, corn would potentially be more productive for bioenergy production than forage sorghum. The results of the study also showed that winter wheat for both Manhattan, Kansas, and Tribune, Kansas, should be the cover crop chosen, because of its ability to grow well during the off-season of the bioenergy crops and to provide soil cover during winter.

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Geiszler, Melissa Marie. "Interseeding Cereal Rye and Winter Camelina into Corn in North Dakota." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29214.

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Limited photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) can reduce interseeded cover crop growth in corn (Zea mays L.). Two experiments in North Dakota evaluated the effect that hybrid relative maturity (RM), row width, and cover crop planting date have on cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.] establishment when interseeded into 80 and 89 RM hybrids at V7 and R4 growth stages in 56- and 76 cm corn row widths. Cover crop biomass was typically less than 100 kg ha-1. In the following spring larger amounts of PAR beneath the 80 RM hybrid increased cover crop biomass by 20.8 kg ha-1. Cover crop biomass tended to be greater in the 76 cm row width but was not significantly different from the 56 cm width. Cover crops decreased residual soil nitrate by 6.0 kg ha-1 in the fall and by 15.6 kg ha-1 in the spring.

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Vaughan, Jeffrey David. "Management and assessment of winter cover crop systems for supplying nitrogen to corn in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040446/.

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McDonald, Paul Bryant. "Management of self-seeding winter cereal cover crops in a soybean-corn rotation." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Daniel, James B. II. "Using Winter Annual Cover Crops in a Virginia No-till Cotton Production System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35681.

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a low residue crop, that may not provide sufficient surface residue to reduce erosion and protect the soil. A winter annual cover crop could alleviate erosion between cotton crops. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate selected winter annual cover crops for biomass production, ground cover, and N assimilation. The cover crop treatments were monitored under no-till and conventional tillage systems for the effects on soil moisture, cotton yield and quality. Six cover crop treatments, crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia vilosa L.), hairy vetch and rye (Secale cereale L.), rye, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. amend. Thell.), and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), and two tillage systems (conventional and no-till) were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. Cover crop biomass production depended on climate conditions. Ground cover percent and N assimilation by cover crops were directly correlated with the amount of biomass produced within cover crop treatments. Within a range of near average winter temperatures, all cover crops except lupin provided enough ground cover to comply with federal conservation tillage standards. More ground cover remained on the soil surface further into the cotton growing season following the small grain treatments compared to the legume cover crop treatments. Soil moisture was higher (P < 0.05) under no-till compared to conventional tillage during the periods of drought in 1997. Tillage system had no effect on cotton yield and quality in 1995 and 1996. High cover crop biomass production coupled with an extended cotton growing season in 1995 resulted in higher lint yield for cotton grown following the hairy vetch + rye treatment compared with cotton grown following the wheat treatment. High heat unit accumulation in October 1995 led to the over maturity of cotton fiber and high micronaire values for cotton grown following all cover crop treatments. The high micronaire values (5.0 - 5.2) for cotton grown in all cover crop treatments except hairy vetch + rye (4.9), resulted in a market price deduction of 1.4 cents per kilogram of lint in 1995. All cover crops used in this experiment, with the exception of lupin, provided enough ground cover within a range of average winter temperatures to meet federal conservation requirements. The winter annual cover crops in a no-till cotton production system provided greater soil moisture conservation during periods of drought, and produced cotton yields and quality comparable to conventional tillage. Master of Science

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Buteler, Micaela. "Integrated management of the Wheat Stem Sawfly by exploiting semiochemicals to enhance trap crops." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/buteler/ButelerM0508.pdf.

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The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (WSS) causes significant damage in cereal crops in the northern Great Plains of North America. Recently, the use of winter wheat as a trap crop to protect spring wheat from this insect pest in a wheat-fallow cropping system was evaluated, yielding promising results. Subsequently, the overall objective of this dissertation research was to improve the efficacy of winter wheat trap crops to manage the WSS. Oviposition behavior studies in the presence of hosts infested by conspecifics showed that WSS did not avoid infested hosts. These results confirmed the potential of a trap to provide a sink for multiple eggs, resulting in increased WSS mortality due to cannibalism. I identified suitable winter wheat cultivars based on agronomic characteristics that influence WSS behavior in conjunction with the emission of behaviorally active plant volatiles, as well as the performance of the cultivars in the area where the pest occurs. Results from this study identified five cultivars, Norstar, Morgan, BigSky, Neeley, and Rampart, with good potential as trap crops. Norstar emitted greater amounts of attractive volatile compound ÃŸ-ocimene, and was the preferred host in greenhouse choice tests. Based on these results, a perimeter trap cropping trial comparing three winter cultivars as traps (Norstar, Neeley and Rampart) to protect spring wheat was conducted for two consecutive years. Two spring wheat cultivars differing in suitability for infestation by sawflies were chosen as the main crop. WSS abundance was significantly greater in the winter wheat traps than in the adjacent unattractive spring cultivar Conan both years of the experiment and greater than an attractive spring cultivar Reeder in 2005. No differences in infestation were observed between winter cultivars, although greater numbers of eggs were found in Norstar than in Rampart traps. Swathing the trap crop before grain fill killed most larvae developing in the trap crop. Finally, I investigated the effect of a synthetic attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, on oviposition and found that application of this compound in a lanolin paste resulted in increased oviposition by females in greenhouse choice tests. The results obtained suggest that a trap cropping management strategy involving attractive and unattractive cultivars, and semiochemically assisted trap cropping by application of synthetic host volatiles, show potential to manage the WSS.

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Mupambwa, Hupenyu Allan. "Winter rotational cover crops effects on soil strength, aggregate stability and water conservation of a hardsetting cambisol in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/453.

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Winter rotational cover crops (WRCC) are often used to boost soil fertility and plant nutrition. However, selection and use of WRCC for soil physical improvement is usually overlooked. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of WRCC on soil strength, aggregate stability and water conservation of a hardsetting soil. The soil physical properties were determined after four rotations of growing monocultures of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa cv. Max), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Tanjil) and oats (Avena sativa cv. Sederberg) and after two rotations of growing bicultures of oats (Avena sativa cv. Pallinup) and vetch (Vicia dasycarpa cv. Max) across two soil layers, 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm. The individual WRCC and a weedy fallow constituted the treatments in the monoculture study whilst in the biculture study the various combinations of WRCC namely; 90% oat plus 10% vetch (O90V10); 70% oat plus 30% vetch (O70V30) and 50% oat plus 50% vetch (O50V50) and a weedy fallow constituted the treatments. After four rotations with cover crop monocultures, oats significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced penetration resistance (PR) whilst vetch increased PR in both soil layers compared to the weedy fallow control. The effect of the biculture treatments was only experienced within the 15 to 30 cm depth. The treatments O50V50 and O70V30 increased the PR compared to the control. The WRCC in monoculture significantly increased the soil aggregate stability relative to the control in both soil layers. Vetch, lupin and oats resulted in a 41.7%; 20.4% and 15.7% increase in MWD in the 0 to 15 cm soil layer and 47.2%; 44.2% and 39.7% in the 15 to 30 cm depth, respectively. An increase in aggregate stability was associated with increased macro-aggregation. Under the biculture, WRCC slightly increased, non- significantly, the aggregate stability. Both hot water and dilute acid extractable polysaccharides showed no significant correlation with aggregate stability in the two studies. Oats monoculture resulted in a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) on cumulative infiltration compared to the control. However, after 2 h vetch and lupin showed no significant difference from the control on cumulative infiltration. Oats resulted in a 7.8% increase in final infiltration rate (FIR) whilst vetch and lupin reduced FIR by 9% and 16.7% respectively, compared to the control. Bicultures of oats and vetch significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased cumulative infiltration compared to the weedy fallow control. A similar significant increase in FIR was also observed under bicultures. The treatments O50V50; O90V10 and O70V30 resulted in a 163.3%; 113.3% and 105.4% increase in FIR respectively, compared to the control. Cover crop monocultures significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased plant available water (PAW) compared to the weedy fallow, with vetch, oats and lupin resulting in a 28.3%; 22% and 23.9% increase respectively, in PAW. However, no significant differences were observed on PAW after two rotations with bicultures. Compared with winter weedy fallow, WRCC improved most of the soil physical properties under study, with the most suitable results expected under bicultures compared to monocultures. Under CA, selection of WRCC like oats, vetch and lupin, one should therefore take into consideration their effects on soil physical properties as a selection criterion and not biomass and fertility alone.

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Bücher zum Thema "Winter crops"

Hemphill, Delbert D. Overwintering cole crops and spinach in the Willamette Valley. Corvallis, [Or.]: Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 1986.

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1961-, Bell Neil, and Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station., eds. Assessment of winter injury to berry crops in Oregon, 1991. [Corvallis, Or.]: Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 1992.

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Nuttall, M. Effect of Brassica crops on stem base disease on winter wheat. London: HGCA, 1998.

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Kätterer, Thomas. Nitrogen dynamics in soil and winter wheat subjected to daily fertilization and irrigation: Measurements and simulations. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research, 1995.

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Colebrook, Binda. Winter gardening in the maritime Northwest: Cool season crops for the year-round gardener. Seattle, WA: Sasquatch Books, 1998.

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International, Seminar on Soilless Cultivation Technology for Protected Crops in Mild Winter Climates (1993 Chania Greece). International Seminar on Soilless Cultivation Technology for Protected Crops in Mild Winter Climates: Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece, October 21-22, 1993. [Leiden, Netherlands: International Society for Horticultural Science, 1995.

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International Seminar on Soilless Cultivation Technology for Protected Crops in Mild Winter Climate (1993 Oct. 21-22 Chania, Greece). International Seminar on Soilless Cultivation Technology for Protected Crops in Mild Winter Climates: Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece, October 21-11, 1993. Edited by Maloupa E, Gerasopoulos Dimitrios, and International Society for Horticultural Science. [Leiden, Netherlands: International Society for Horticultural Science, 1995.

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Limited, BASF United Kingdom, ed. The Guide to maximising profits: Winter crops : 1989/90 special supplement to the BASF Agronomist. Ipswich: BASF United Kingdom Limited, 1989.

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B, Daniels L., and Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, eds. Evaluation of small grain forage crops and cultivars of soft red winter wheat for stocker cattle. Fayetteville, Ark: Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2004.

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Flink, Malin. Kol- och kvävedynamik i höstvete: Ovanjordisk primärproduktion, kväveupptag och beståndsutveckling. Uppsala: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för ekologi och miljövård, 1993.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Winter crops"

Smith, M. Scott, Wilbur W. Frye, and Jac J. Varco. "Legume Winter Cover Crops." In Advances in Soil Science, 95–139. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4790-6_3.

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Khan, Imran, Farhana Bibi, Faisal Mahmood, Muqarab Ali, M. Shahid Ibni Zamir, M. Umer Chattha, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif, et al. "Quality Seed Production of Winter Fodder Crops." In Sustainable Winter Fodder, 393–411. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003055365-18.

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Khan, Imran, Mohsin Nawaz, M. Shahid Ibni Zamir, Farhana Bibi, Faisal Mahmood, Muqarab Ali, M. Umer Chattha, et al. "Bioecology and Agronomy of Winter Fodder Crops." In Sustainable Winter Fodder, 15–30. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003055365-3.

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Yakushev, Victor, Dmitry Kurtener, and Vladimir Badenko. "Monitoring Frost Injury to Winter Crops." In Physical Methods in Agriculture, 119–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0085-8_8.

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Kamal, M. "Potential for winter chickpea in Morocco." In World crops: Cool season food legumes, 175–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2764-3_18.

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Parihar, A. K., Abhishek Bohra, and G. P. Dixit. "Nutritional Benefits of Winter Pulses with Special Emphasis on Peas and Rajmash." In Biofortification of Food Crops, 61–71. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2716-8_6.

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Ijaz, Siddra, Imran Ul Haq, Zakia Habib, Samara Mukhtar, and Bukhtawer Nasir. "Biotechnological Applications for Developing Resistance against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses and Other Quality Traits in Fodder Crops." In Sustainable Winter Fodder, 31–80. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003055365-4.

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Byrne, David H., Wayne B. Sherman, and Terry A. Bacon. "Stone Fruit Genetic Pool and Its Exploitation for Growing under Warm Winter Conditions." In Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates, 157–230. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3215-4_8.

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Strauss, Johann A. "Economic and yield comparisons of different crop and crop-pasture production systems." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 206–14. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0011.

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Abstract Over the past 15 years the adoption rate of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in southern South Africa has increased at a fast rate, although the adoption of the three pillars of CA was to varying degrees. The adoption of CA happened in the absence of any policy support framework directed to CA. The market drove the adaptation rate with a handful of local producers being the first to adopt no-till (NT) strategies. Long-term field experiments demonstrate that the effects of crop rotation include increased yields from the main wheat crop so that two-thirds of the present total wheat production may be achieved with only half the cropped area under the main crop, and gross margins are better - and dramatically better - with integration of cropping and livestock. This chapter presents an overview of the benefits to yield and economic sustainability of including alternative cash and pasture crops into CA farming systems in the winter rainfall region of southern South Africa.

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Glazunova, Natalya N., Yuliya A. Bezgina, Lyubov V. Maznitsyna, Anna N. Shipulya, and Denis V. Ustimov. "Biological Efficiency of Protective Measures for Winter Wheat Crops in the Central Ciscaucasia." In The Challenge of Sustainability in Agricultural Systems, 1061–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72110-7_117.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Winter crops"

Lena, Horacio, Adrián Cal, and Javier Preciozzi. "Sentinel-2 Analysis for Classification of Winter Crops in Uruguay." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 4819–23. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641161.

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Triputin, V., Yu Kashuba, A. Kovtunenko, and I. Pahotina. "WINTER GRAIN CROPS IN THE CHANGING CLIMATE OF THE OMSK IRTYSH REGION." In «PROBLEMS OF SOIL FERTILITY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE», 350–53. Krasnoyarsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate division of the Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52686/9785605087878_350.

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Winter grain crops are recommended for cultivation in all natural and climatic zones of the Omsk Irtysh region. The long duration of the warm period of the year allows them to be sown at a later date. A comparison of winter crops (wheat, rye, triticale) according to experiments conducted in the laboratory of winter crop breeding of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center (ARC) in 2014-2023 showed that rye is the most winter-hardy and productive compared with wheat and triticale.

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Gutknecht, Jessica. "Environmental quality benefits of winter hardy oilseeds." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vpcz3526.

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FGI is measuring carbon storage, soil health, and climate change mitigation of FGI crops in several ways, from direct soil measurements of carbon and soil health analysis to field scale budgeting of energy, water, and greenhouse gas fluxes. However, key gaps remain in understanding the magnitude of benefits from FGI crops, as well as the most reliable and scalable methods for assessing key climate responses in agriculture. One key project aims to quantify the carbon balance and field-scale soil health impacts of winter camelina in a corn- soybean rotation (annual grain and oilseed relay or double-crop system), and a KernzaÂ® intermediate wheatgrass - alfalfa rotation (perennial forage and grain system).

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Nikolaev, P. N., and O. A. Yusova. "HISTORY AND PROSPECTS OF WINTER CROPS BREEDING IN THE SOUTHERN FOREST STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-38.

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The article presents the history and analysis of the development of winter crops in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Despite the relatively small areas of winter crops in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia, the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center has accumulated significant experience in breeding this crop.

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Cureton, Colin. "Supporting the commercialization, adoption, and scaling of climate-smart winter annual and perennial oilseeds." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lyjl6277.

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The University of Minnesota Forever Green Initiative (FGI ) is an agricultural innovation platform developing viable, profitable perennial and winter annual crops and cropping systems that will provide â€œcontinuous living coverâ€ on the Upper Midwestern agricultural landscape, which can likely improve climate mitigation and adaptation as well as provide other environmental co-benefits relative to conventional summer annual grain systems. Transdisciplinary FGI crop development research teams span genomics, plant breeding, agronomy, natural resource sciences, food science, social sciences, economics, and commercialization. Several of these crops include "cash cover crop" winter oilseeds such as winter camelina and pennycress, and perennial oilseeds such as perennial flax and silphium, which have diverse opportunities in oil markets. While developing the basic and applied science of these crops and cropping systems, FGI is supporting the commercialization, adoption, and scaling of FGI crops in partnership with researchers, growers, industry, policymakers, and communities. For example, early commercial winter camelina production (relay-cropping) and market interest is developing spanning fuel, feed, biopolymers, and food, largely in response to corporate commitments and consumer demand for sustainability, GHG reduction, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and supply chain resilience. Industry has an essential role to play in developing and scaling FGI crops by supporting basic research, contributing in-house expertise and facilities, and creating the market pull needed to move novel continuous living cover crops and cropping systems out onto the landscape and into the market.

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Batyrbaev, E. B., E. Z. Ziyadullaev, A. B. Zhalgasbayev, A. B. Alimov, and B. A. Bekbanov. "INCREASING RESISTANCE OF WINTER WHEAT SAMPLES TO LOW TEMPERATURES." In «Breeding, seed production, cultivation technology and processing of agricultural crops». Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Rice Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/conf-2021-130-133.

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Smirnova, I., and V. GALABAN. "Dynamics of sown areas of winter rape in the world and in Ukraine." In international scientific-practical conference. MYKOLAYIV NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/978-617-7149-78-0-41.

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Rape remains an attractive crop for farmers, but the weather is traditionally one of the key factors affecting the outcome of winter sowing. During the last decade, the dynamics of the cultivated area of rapeseed does not have a pronounced trend. Everything depended on the current market situation regarding rapeseed and other export-oriented crops. Rape is more capricious in cultivation compared to corn or wheat, therefore, depending on the price level for these crops, a decision was made regarding the area under crops for each of them.

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Zatserkovnyi, V. I., P. I. Trofymenko, Y. V. Bezhodkova, N. V. Trofimenko, and V. P. Tkachuk. "Remote identification of winter wheat crops in monitoring tasks." In XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202056019.

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Kameneva, I. A., A. I. Yakubovskaya, L. A. Radchenko, M. V. Gritchin, and A. F. Radchenko. "Efficiency of Azotobacter vinelandii 10702 in winter wheat crops." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.12.

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In field experiments we studied the effect of the promising strain A. vinelandii 10702 (Crimean collection of microorganisms of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (http://ckp-rf.ru/usu/507484/)) on plant productivity and biological activity of winter wheat rhizosphere. Pre-sowing seed inoculation positively influenced the indicators of biological activity in the plant rhizosphere. Over the years of research, seed inoculation ensured yield increase by 7.2% for wheat variety ‘Lada’, ‘Odesskaya’ grown by biologized cultivation technology (BCT) and 8.0% – by intensive cultivation technology (ICT); the same for variety ‘Podolyanka’ was 6.1 % and 7.6%, respectively. The yield increase for variety ‘Zamozhnist’ grown by BCT and ICT in adverse weather conditions in 2012 was 17.1 and 11.7%, respectively. Thus, seed inoculation with a promising strain A. vinelandii 10702 is an effective method of biologization of the technology for winter wheat cultivation.

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Boiko, S. V. "Winter grain crops protection against turnip moth in Belarus." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.05.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Winter crops"

Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, Mark Battany, and George Zhuang. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 3. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444387.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for  economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 3 for some key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, and Mark Battany. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 1. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444389.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 1 for five key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Andre S. Biscaro, and Mark Battany. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS area 4. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7435379.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 4 for five key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, Mark Battany, and Andre S. Biscaro. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 2. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444388.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California NRCS Area 2 for six key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Tadmor, Yaakov, Zachary Lippman, David Jackson, and Dani Zamir. three crops test for the ODO breeding method. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594397.bard.

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Hybrid vigor is the leading concept that rules crops breeding for almost a century. Yet, the exact mechanism that underlies heterosis is not clear. Over dominance interaction between alleles is one of the possible explanations. Our preliminary results indicated that severe developmental mutations at the heterozygous state have significant potential to improve plant performance. This led us to propose the ‘ODO breeding method’ that is based replacing a parental line of a successful hybrid with its mutated from to improve hybrid performance. Our BARD research challenged this method in three crop systems: maize, tomato and melon. In maize we could not detect any effect of mutant heterozigosity on yield or yield components when hybrids were tested however when we analyzed the effect of heterozigosity in mutant genes at B73 genetic background we could detect ODO in yield components using certain mutants. Our results indicate that the potential of utilizing the ODO Breeding Method for maize remains unclear. In tomato we overcame technical problems we faced in creating an EMS mutation library in indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and now we have in our hands advanced material to study the putative ODO hybrids. We transferred some of the promising ODO mutations from M82 to indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and putative ODO hybrids are ready to be evaluated this winter. In addition, we tested the effect of In melon we compared putative ‘ODO hybrids’ with their isogenic hybrids lacking the mutant allele and our results indicated a potential for the ODO breeding method to improve yield, fruit number per plant, and carotenoids content. Additional experiments are required to estimate better the expected success percentage of the ODO breeding method in melon so that it will become a recommended practice for improving hybrid performance. Based on our results we can't yet recommend the 'ODO breeding method' as a general tool to improve hybrid performance and more efforts are necessary to evaluate the percent of success of this method. The increased carotenoid content we found in association with CRTISO heterozygosity is promising and additional experiments are currently being performed to characterize this finding.

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Miller, James E. Wild Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208751.ws.

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Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.

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Evans, Emily. Corn (Zea mays L.) yield response to tillage radish (Raphanus sativus L.) when planted with annual and winter hardy cover crops. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-428.

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Shahak, Yosepha, and Donald R. Ort. Physiological Bases for Impaired Photosynthetic Performance of Chilling-Sensitive Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575278.bard.

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Chilling-sensitivity is an important agricultural problem in both the U.S. and Israel. Most research attention has focused so far on herbaceous crop plants, even though the problem is also acute in the fruit tree industry. Under BARD funding we made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms involved in the disruption of photosynthesis following a chill in mango. Our investigation with fruit trees has been substantially accelerated by drawing on our knowledge and experience with herbaceous crops. The four original research objectives, focused or discovering the underlying mechanisms of chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in fruit trees, and the main achievements are listed below. [1] Separating stomatal from non-stomatal components of chilling on photosynthesis in fruit trees. We found evidence that the dark chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in mango was E combination of both stomatal and mesophyll components. [2] Differentiating photo damage from light-induced photo protection of photosystem II (PSII). Dark chilling exacerbate high light photoinhibition, as a result of primary inhibition in the carbor reduction cycle. Nevertheless, in Israeli orchards we observed chronic photoinhibition of PSII photochemistry in the winter. This photo damage was reversible over a few days if sunlight was attenuated with filters or night temperature rose. Practical implications of this finding deserve further investment. Additional achievement was the development of a new biophysical tool to study macro-structural changes of LHCII particles in intact, attached leaves. [3] Determine the role of oxidative stress in the dark-chilling-induced inhibition, with emphasis on oxygen radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and redox-controlled carbon-cycle enzymes. We found an increase in lipid peroxidation following a dark chill, and partial protective effects or an antioxidant. However, the photoinhibition observed in mango orchards in Israel during the winter did not appear to be a general oxidative stress. [4] Investigate whether chilling interferes with the diurnal and circadian rhythm of gene expression of key photosynthetic proteins as has been shown for chilling-sensitive crop plants. The results indicated that most of the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis was due to reduced lea: internal CO2 concentrations during the subjective night, as a result of rhythmic stomatal closure Chilling-induced interference with circadian timing in mango, does not play the central role in chilling inhibition of photosynthesis that has previously been demonstrated in certain chilling sensitive herbaceous plants. Practical implications of the research achievements are feasible, but require few more years of research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Sawyer, John E., Jose L. Pantoja, and Daniel W. Barker. Corn and Soybean Production with a Winter Rye Cover Crop. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1497.

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