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Van Doorn, G. Sander, Franz Weissing und Geerten Hengeveld. „The Evolution of Social Dominance II: Multi-Player Models“. Behaviour 140, Nr. 10 (2003): 1333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853903771980611.
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AbstractThe social hierarchies observed in natural systems often show a high degree of transitivity. Transitive hierarchies do not only require rank differentiation within pairs of individuals but also a higher level ordering of relations within the group. Several authors have suggested that the formation of linear hierarchies at the group level is an emergent property of individual behavioural rules, referred to as winner and loser effects. Winner and loser effects occur if winners of previous conflicts are more likely to escalate the current conflict, whereas the losers of previous conflicts are less likely to do so. According to this idea, an individual's position in a hierarchy may not necessarily reflect its fighting ability, but may rather result from arbitrary historical asymmetries, in particular the history of victories and defeats. However, if this is the case, it is difficult to explain from an evolutionary perspective why a low ranking individual should accept its subordinate status. Here we present a game theoretical model to investigate whether winner and loser effects giving rise to transitive hierarchies can evolve and under which conditions they are evolutionarily stable. The main version of the model focuses on an extreme case in which there are no intrinsic differences in fighting ability between individuals. The only asymmetries that may arise between individuals are generated by the outcome of previous conflicts. We show that, at evolutionary equilibrium, these asymmetries can be utilized for conventional conflict resolution. Several evolutionarily stable strategies are based on winner and loser effects and these strategies give rise to transitive hierarchies.
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YAO, Q., und L. J. WEI. „PLAY THE WINNER FOR PHASE II/III CLINICAL TRIALS“. Statistics in Medicine 15, Nr. 22 (30.11.1996): 2413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19961130)15:22<2413::aid-sim460>3.0.co;2-n.
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Mandrekar, Sumithra J., und Daniel J. Sargent. „Pick the Winner Designs in Phase II Cancer Clinical Trials“. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 1, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1556-0864(15)31505-7.
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Mandrekar, Sumithra J., und Daniel J. Sargent. „Pick the Winner Designs in Phase II Cancer Clinical Trials“. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 1, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01243894-200601000-00003.
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Franz, Mathias, Emily McLean, Jenny Tung, Jeanne Altmann und Susan C. Alberts. „Self-organizing dominance hierarchies in a wild primate population“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1814 (07.09.2015): 20151512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1512.
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Linear dominance hierarchies, which are common in social animals, can profoundly influence access to limited resources, reproductive opportunities and health. In spite of their importance, the mechanisms that govern the dynamics of such hierarchies remain unclear. Two hypotheses explain how linear hierarchies might emerge and change over time. The ‘prior attributes hypothesis’ posits that individual differences in fighting ability directly determine dominance ranks. By contrast, the ‘social dynamics hypothesis’ posits that dominance ranks emerge from social self-organization dynamics such as winner and loser effects. While the prior attributes hypothesis is well supported in the literature, current support for the social dynamics hypothesis is limited to experimental studies that artificially eliminate or minimize individual differences in fighting abilities. Here, we present the first evidence supporting the social dynamics hypothesis in a wild population. Specifically, we test for winner and loser effects on male hierarchy dynamics in wild baboons, using a novel statistical approach based on the Elo rating method for cardinal rank assignment, which enables the detection of winner and loser effects in uncontrolled group settings. Our results demonstrate (i) the presence of winner and loser effects, and (ii) that individual susceptibility to such effects may have a genetic basis. Taken together, our results show that both social self-organization dynamics and prior attributes can combine to influence hierarchy dynamics even when agonistic interactions are strongly influenced by differences in individual attributes. We hypothesize that, despite variation in individual attributes, winner and loser effects exist (i) because these effects could be particularly beneficial when fighting abilities in other group members change over time, and (ii) because the coevolution of prior attributes and winner and loser effects maintains a balance of both effects.
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Spivack, John, Bin Cheng und Bruce Levin. „Adding dose modifications into Phase II and Phase II/III seamless trials“. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, Nr. 5 (03.07.2019): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219859387.
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We present a technique for adding dose modifications into seamless Phase II and Phase II/III trials featuring dose selection at an interim analysis. The method is convenient to apply and can be used either in a fully prespecified, structured way or as a response to new considerations that emerge at interim. Strong control of the familywise error rate regarding false declarations of efficacy versus control is maintained. Two examples are given. One illustrates how the method could potentially “save” a trial performed in a Phase II context. The other is a seamless Phase II/III trial that uses an adaptive exploration strategy for an assumed nonmonotonic dose-response curve. It can result in greatly improved efficiency over a standard “promote the winner” rule.
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Narandžić, Milan, Christian Schneider, Wim Kotterman und Reiner S. Thomä. „Quantification of Scenario Distance within Generic WINNER Channel Model“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/176704.
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Starting from the premise that stochastic properties of a radio environment can be abstracted by defining scenarios, a generic MIMO channel model is built by the WINNER project. The parameter space of the WINNER model is, among others, described by normal probability distributions and correlation coefficients that provide a suitable space for scenario comparison. The possibility to quantify the distance between reference scenarios and measurements enables objective comparison and classification of measurements into scenario classes. In this paper we approximate the WINNER scenarios with multivariate normal distributions and then use the mean Kullback-Leibler divergence to quantify their divergence. The results show that the WINNER scenario groups (A, B, C, and D) or propagation classes (LoS, OLoS, and NLoS) do not necessarily ensure minimum separation within the groups/classes. Instead, the following grouping minimizes intragroup distances: (i) indoor-to-outdoor and outdoor-to-indoor scenarios (A2, B4, and C4), (ii) macrocell configurations for suburban, urban, and rural scenarios (C1, C2, and D1), and (iii) indoor/hotspot/microcellular scenarios (A1, B3, and B1). The computation of the divergence between Ilmenau and Dresden measurements and WINNER scenarios confirms that the parameters of the C2 scenario are a proper reference for a large variety of urban macrocell environments.
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Chen, Dung-Tsa, Po-Yu Huang, Hui-Yi Lin, Alberto A. Chiappori, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Eric B. Haura, Scott J. Antonia und Jhanelle E. Gray. „A Bayesian pick-the-winner design in a randomized phase II clinical trial“. Oncotarget 8, Nr. 51 (07.07.2017): 88376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19088.
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Asli, Larbi, Méziane Aïder und El-Ghazali Talbi. „Solving a dynamic combinatorial auctions problem by a hybrid metaheuristic based on a fuzzy dominance relation“. RAIRO - Operations Research 53, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018051.
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This paper introduces a bi-objective winner determination problem which is based on English auctions. Most models of combinatorial auctions (winner determination problem) do not allow the bidder to update his offer, due to the fact that these mechanisms are static. However in reality bidders are in rough competition while there is time for auction. In this work we give a mathematical formulation of the dynamic model of the bi-objective winner determination problem, where the objectives are: (i) maximization of the total income, (ii) maximization of the number of items sold. This problem is based on the English auction mechanism, which allows bidders to renew their bids until the end of the exercise period. Then the solution is proposed by giving an algorithm based on an hybridization of a metaheuristic with a fuzzy dominance relation. A numerical experimentation using this algorithm on simulated data gives rise to satisfactory results.
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Adams, Samuel, Rachel Reilly, Janet Huebner, Virginia Kraus und Dana Nettles. „2017 J. Leonard Goldner Award Winner“. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 2473011417S0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000017.
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Category: Ankle,Ankle Arthritis,Basic Sciences/Biologics,Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Intra-articular ankle fracture (IAF) is known to cause post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the ankle. While the exact etiology remains elusive, the sequelae of intra-articular inflammation has been suggested and our previous work demonstrated a highly pro-inflammatory environment at the time of IAF fixation. ORIF of an IAF can occur 10-14days, or later, after fracture, subjecting the cartilage to this pro-inflammatory environment during this time. Therefore, there is ample time to intervene with an anti-inflammatory agent, yet the exact synovial fluid (SF) composition is unknown. This study examined the effect of time and fracture severity on the SF microenvironment during the acute phase following IAF. Knowledge of the intra- articular metabolic derangement after IAF will help to understand the pathology of PTOA and to develop therapeutic interventions. Methods: Ankle SF was collected from 54 patients with an IAF at the time of surgery for initial external fixation or definitive ORIF and analyzed for concentrations of 10 cytokines, 5 matrix metalloprotienases, 2 products of cartilage catabolism, and combined products of heme metabolism. All analytes were correlated with time from fracture and further analyzed for an effect of 3 clinically relevant time subgroups that correspond to potential clinical intervention time points for ankle fracture management: 0-2 days (initial ER presentation), 3-9 days (clinic presentation), and =10 days (definitive fixation). The effect of fracture severity was determined by grouping SF according to the number of radiographic intra-articular fracture lines. Results: Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship with time from fracture for 15 of 18 analytes (Figure 1). Temporal grouping of SF revealed an initial (0-2 days) spike of pro-inflammatory (IL-12p70, IL-1?, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-4) cytokines, MMP-9, and sGAG, followed immediately (3-9 days) by exposure of the joint space to heme breakdown products and an accompanying surge in mediators and products of cartilage catabolism (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10 and CTX-II). After 10 days there was a decrease in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, but a persistence of mediators of cartilage matrix catabolism. While fracture severity had a significant effect on SF levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and CTXII, there was no clear relationship between the number of fracture lines and SF levels of analytes. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into temporal inflammatory fluctuations following acute IAF of the ankle and supports consideration of an early evacuation of the jointspace to reduce the intra-articular inflammatory burden and exposure of the cartilage and synovium to these detrimental factors. Moreover, this study identifies the temporal composition of SF products that are known to cause osteoarthritis. Therefore, this information can be used to develop novel therapeutics that can tailored to the time of presentation after intra-articular ankle fracture.
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Lin, Mu, Tao Wang, Xiao-Bo Li, Jinjun Liu, Yanfeng Wang, Yifan Zhu und Wei-Ping Wang. „An Uncertainty-Incorporated Approach to Predict the Winner in StarCraft II Using Neural Processes“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 101609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930581.
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Park, Sung-Hoon, und Jason F. Shogren. „A Virtuous Circle of Governance Contests with Externalities“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 14 (12.07.2021): 7766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147766.
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Governments create contests to allocate resources to stakeholders, e.g., grants, contracts. The actions of these stakeholders can generate a positive externality for themselves—the contest winner can attract additional outside funding and donations from third-parties who want to jump on the winner’s bandwagon. Herein we examine the externalities arising from these contests created by governance and their impact on a virtuous circle of governance contests. Among various conditions that make governance virtuous, we focus on the equilibrium expected payoffs of stakeholders, the difference in them, and the rent-dissipation rates. Our study shows that the impact of externalities on the efficiency of governance depends on two key factors: (i) the choice of governance contests, the player-externality and the winner-externality, and (ii) the relative efficiency of stakeholders’ efforts.
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Rosenthal, David Ira, Qiang Zhang, Merrill S. Kies, Minh-Tam Truong, Richard Jordan, Paul M. Harari und Quynh-Thu Le. „Seamless phase II/III trial design with survival and PRO endpoints for treatment selection: Case study of RTOG 1216.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2013): TPS6099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.tps6099.
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TPS6099 Background: Clinical trial results from phase II trials to select an experimental treatment arm for separate phase III trial comparison can require years. Cancer clinical trials also now aim at both survival and PRO/functional outcomes, especially in head and neck (HN) studies. We developed a unique seamless phase II/III trial design to save on sample size and trial duration. The initial multi-arm phase II trial selects the most effective regimen among multiple experimental arms by first comparing each of the new treatments to a common control arm, using chosen endpoints, such as progression free survival. The winner will be tested for overall survival in the phase III study. Methods: We propose a phase II/III design to test the efficacy of experimental arms of postoperative radiation (RT) + docetaxel or RT + docetaxel + cetuximab in patients with HN squamous cancer. These are compared to the control arm of RT + cisplatin in the phase II part. Only one arm will be selected to go on to phase III depending on efficacy (PFS), PRO and safety outcomes. One experimental arm must be sufficiently better than the common control arm and the winner not having increased toxicity or functional cost to be selected for phase III inclusion. If not, the trial is halted for futility. Patients in the phase II selected arm and the control arm are included in phase III testing. Group sequential method is used to design each component. Separate interim efficacy and futility analyses are built in such that each endpoint can be monitored as in separate phase II, III trials. Once sample sizes are derived, operating characteristics for the seamless II/III design are evaluated through simulations under the null and various alternative hypotheses. Savings on sample size and time are compared to typical separate phase II and III designs and to the design testing only the arm of RT + docetaxel + cetuximab in phase II. Conclusion: The phase II/III RTOG 1216 HNC trial offers cost effectiveness, operational efficiency and scientific innovation.
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Gong, Yi, Shengchu Wang, Yupeng Zhang, Feng Luo und Lin Zhang. „Exploring LTE‐V link‐level performance under V‐CPS by geometry enhanced winner II channel model“. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 30, Nr. 4 (29.08.2018): e3507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3507.
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Sarma, Jasnea. „II Book Review: Winner Take All: China’s Race for Resources and What it Means for Us“. China Report 50, Nr. 3 (August 2014): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445514534132.
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Mohapatra, Prabhujit, Kedar Nath Das, Santanu Roy, Ram Kumar und Nilanjan Dey. „A Novel Multi-Objective Competitive Swarm Optimization Algorithm“. International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 11, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2020): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2020100106.
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In this article, a new algorithm, namely the multi-objective competitive swarm optimizer (MOCSO), is introduced to handle multi-objective problems. The algorithm has been principally motivated from the competitive swarm optimizer (CSO) and the NSGA-II algorithm. In MOCSO, a pair wise competitive scenario is presented to achieve the dominance relationship between two particles in the population. In each pair wise competition, the particle that dominates the other particle is considered the winner and the other is consigned as the loser. The loser particles learn from the respective winner particles in each individual competition. The inspired CSO algorithm does not use any memory to remember the global best or personal best particles, hence, MOCSO does not need any external archive to store elite particles. The experimental results and statistical tests confirm the superiority of MOCSO over several state-of-the-art multi-objective algorithms in solving benchmark problems.
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Mujiyati, Novita, Kuswono Kuswono und Sunarjo Sunarjo. „UNITED STATES DURING THE COLD WAR 1945-1990“. HISTORIA 4, Nr. 1 (28.02.2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/hj.v4i1.481.
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United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.
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Murnane, Eric. „Brigman Award Winner: A Model for Conscientious Play: The Moral Tightrope ofStarCraft II: Legacy of the Void“. Journal of Popular Culture 51, Nr. 1 (18.01.2018): 236–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpcu.12635.
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Ayres, Russell. „My Grandfather's Spoon“. Public Voices 1, Nr. 1 (11.04.2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.450.
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This short story is about a public servant with the Australian Department of the Arts and Administrative Services, Ayres writes of generational change in the professional and persona} lives of a father and son working in the Service. They hold the last of their 1raditional chess games on the father's final day of his career. The prize for the winner is a family "heirloom" --a spoon stolen by the father's father from a U.S. Navy warship during World War II.
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Bracher, Nathan. „Ethics and aesthetics of World War II memory: The case of David Foenkinos, Charlotte“. Journal of European Studies 48, Nr. 1 (26.01.2018): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244117744091.
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Winner of the 2014 Renaudot prize, David Foenkinos’s novel Charlotte recounts the tragic life and highly original work of the German Jewish artist Charlotte Salomon, arrested in the south of France and deported to her death at Auschwitz in the fall of 1943. As is often the case in twenty-first-century narratives, Foenkinos engages in a highly personal mode of narration that plunges back into the most momentous aspects of World War II and the Holocaust. Charlotte thus links the quandaries of the narrator’s own life and times to those of this protagonist in ways that lead us to face key questions of ethics and aesthetics. These concern not only the destiny of Charlotte Salomon, but also our own manner of approaching and remembering the most momentous events of the twentieth century through the medium of the literary text.
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Zhang, Jianying, Feng Li, Kentaro Onishi, MaCalus V. Hogan und James HC Wang. „2020 J. Leonard Goldner Award Winner: Inhibition of HMGB1 by Metformin Prevents Mechanical Overloading-Induced Tendinopathy“. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, Nr. 4 (01.10.2020): 2473011420S0008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00087.
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Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Tendinopathy is a debilitating tendon disorder that affects millions of Americans and costs billions of healthcare dollars every year. Mechanical overloading is considered to cause the development of tendinopathy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of tendinopathy remain unclear. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), an upstream potent inflammatory mediator, has been identified in high levels in early stage tendinopathy patients [1]. However, whether HMGB1 mediates tendinopathy development due to mechanical overloading is completely unknown. Metformin (Met), a hypoglycemic drug commonly used for the treatment of type II diabetes, has shown to inhibit the activity of HMGB1 via binding the acidic tail of HMGB1 [2]. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Met prevents mechanical overloading-induced tendinopathy by inhibiting HMGB1. Methods: A total of 24 mice were divided into 4 groups and treated for 24 weeks as follows: Group 1 (Cage) with cage activities; Group 2 (Met) received daily IP injection of metformin (50 mg/kg body weight); Group 3 (ITR) ran on treadmill at 15 meters/min for 3 h/ day, 5 days a week; Group 4 (ITR+Met) ran the same protocol as that of ITR group but with daily IP injection of metformin. Six mice/group were sacrificed at 24 weeks and the Achilles and patellar tendon tissues were harvested. The tendons from the left legs were used for histochemical staining and the right for immunostaining. Results: We found that mechanical overloading induced HMGB1 release into tendon matrix (Fig. 1G, K, O). Metformin inhibited HMGB1 release (Fig. 1H, L, P). ITR induced degenerative tendinopathy as evidenced by the cell morphological changes from elongated shape in normal tendon (Fig. 2A, E, I, M) to round shape (Fig. 2C, G, K, O) and the accumulation of proteoglycans (Fig. 2K, O) in ITR tendon. Metformin injection inhibited ITR effect, which is shown by less round shaped cells and low proteoglycan levels found in metformin injected ITR tendons (Fig. 2D, H, L, P). ITR promoted the expression of chondrogenic markers (collagen II and SOX-9) in tendon (Fig. 3C, G, K, O), and metformin inhibited the expression of chondrogenic makers (Fig. 3D, H, L, P). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that mechanical overloading induced degenerative changes in mouse tendons characterized by the presence of chondrocyte-like cells, accumulation of proteoglycans, high levels of chondrogenic marker SOX-9 and Collagen II expression. Administration of metformint reduced the degenerative responses in overloaded tendon and blocked the development of tendinopathy. These findings support the notion that mechanical overloading induces tendinopathy development by initiation of tendon inflammation via HMGB1, which leads to eventual tendon degeneration. Thus, metformin, a commonly prescribed and FDA approved drug that specifically inhibits HMGB1, can be used to prevent tendinopathy development due to mechanical overloading placed on the tendon.
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Sideris, Argyrios, Theodora Sanida und Minas Dasygenis. „High Throughput Implementation of the Keccak Hash Function Using the Nios-II Processor“. Technologies 8, Nr. 1 (10.02.2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies8010015.
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Presently, cryptographic hash functions play a critical role in many applications, such as digital signature systems, security communications, protocols, and network security infrastructures. The new standard cryptographic hash function is Secure Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA-3), which is not vulnerable to attacks. The Keccak algorithm is the winner of the NIST competition for the adoption of the new standard SHA-3 hash algorithm. In this work, we present hardware throughput optimization techniques for the SHA-3 algorithm using the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) programming language for all output lengths in the Keccak hash function (224, 256, 384 and 512). Our experiments were performed with the Nios II processor on the FPGA Arria 10 GX (10AX115N2P45E1SG). We applied two architectures, one without custom instruction and one with floating point hardware 2. Finally, we compare the results with other existing similar designs and found that the proposed design with floating point 2 optimizes throughput (Gbps) compared to existing FPGA implementations.
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Ismael, Zaid Ibrahim, und Sabah Atallah Khalifa Ali. „Human Rights at Stake: Shirley Jackson’s Social and Political Protest in “The Lottery”“. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, Nr. 6 (01.11.2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.28.
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Nowhere is American author Shirley Jackson’s (1916-1965) social and political criticism is so intense than it is in her seminal fictional masterpiece “The Lottery”. Jackson severely denounces injustice through her emphasis on a bizarre social custom in a small American town, in which the winner of the lottery, untraditionally, receives a fatal prize. The readers are left puzzled at the end of the story as Tessie Hutchinson, the unfortunate female winner, is stoned to death by the members of her community, and even by her family. This study aims at investigating the author’s social and political implications that lie behind the story, taking into account the historical era in which the story was published (the aftermath of the bloody World War II) and the fact that the victim is a woman who is silenced and forced to follow the tradition of the lottery. The paper mainly focuses on the writer’s interest in human rights issues, which can be violated even in civilized communities, like the one depicted in the story. The shocking ending, the researchers conclude, is Jackson’s protest against dehumanization and violence.
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Zivanovic, Oliver, Dennis S. Chi, Qin Zhou, Alexia Iasonos, Jason A. Konner, Vicky Makker, Rachel N. Grisham et al. „Secondary Cytoreduction and Carboplatin Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: An MSK Team Ovary Phase II Study“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 23 (10.08.2021): 2594–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00605.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with carboplatin for recurrent ovarian cancer during secondary cytoreductive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were intraoperatively randomly assigned to carboplatin HIPEC (800 mg/m2 for 90 minutes) or no HIPEC, followed by five or six cycles of postoperative IV carboplatin-based chemotherapy, respectively. Based on a binomial single-stage pick-the-winner design, an arm was considered winner if ≥ 17 of 49 patients were without disease progression at 24 months post-surgery. Secondary objectives included postoperative toxicity and HIPEC pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Of 98 patients, 49 (50%) received HIPEC. Complete gross resection was achieved in 82% of the HIPEC patients and 94% of the standard-arm patients. Bowel resection was performed in 37% of patients in the HIPEC arm compared with 65% in the standard ( P = .008). There was no perioperative mortality and no difference in use of ostomies, length of stay, or postoperative toxicity. At 24 months, eight patients (16.3%; 1-sided 90% CI, 9.7 to 100) were without progression or death in the HIPEC arm and 12 (24.5%; 1-sided 90% CI, 16.5 to 100) in the standard arm. With a medium follow-up of 39.5 months, 82 patients progressed and 37 died. The median progression-free survival in the HIPEC and standard arms were 12.3 and 15.7 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% CI, 1 to 2.37; P = .05). There was no significant difference in median overall survival (52.5 v 59.7 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.73 to 2.67; P = .31). These analyses were exploratory. CONCLUSION HIPEC with carboplatin was well tolerated but did not result in superior clinical outcomes. This study does not support the use of HIPEC with carboplatin during secondary cytoreductive surgery for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Baldwin, Joshua, und Gary Bente. „The Winner Doesn’t Take It All: Analyzing Audience Responses to an Inspirational Sports Narrative“. Media and Communication 9, Nr. 2 (06.05.2021): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i2.3840.
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Applying a dual-process rationale, this study explored the cognitive and affective mechanisms involved in the processing of hedonic versus eudaimonic film clips and their putatively distinct inspirational effects. The two types of narratives were operationalized in terms of complete and incomplete goal satisfaction in the film endings. Participants either watched the final boxing match from <em>Rocky</em>, where the protagonist loses the fight, but achieves self-mastery and finds love (eudaimonic narrative) or from <em>Rocky II</em>, where he wins against his opponent (hedonic narrative). A combination of continuous measures of how pleasant participants felt (slider ratings) and psychophysiological measures (heart rate, galvanic skin response [GSR], pulse volume amplitude [PVA]) indicating cognitive load and arousal was used to track the audience responses while watching a compilation of the same intro and the different fight versions. Results revealed that arousal was more strongly associated with participants’ affective scores during the hedonic (winning) version than during the eudaimonic (losing) one. Furthermore, participants experience more positive affect and arousal after watching the protagonist win the match compared to those that watched him lose. Lastly, participants in the eudaimonic condition were more likely to be inspired to exercise afterward. Implications of our results are discussed.
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Granja, Claudia Patricia, William Aperador Chaparro, Jairo Alberto Gómez Cuaspud, Jorge Mora und Jimmy Alexander Morales. „(General Student Poster Session Winner - 2nd Place) Synthesis and Comparative Electrochemical Study of Mixed Metal Oxides Derived from Hydrotalcites Modified with Copper (II) and Nickel (II)“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, Nr. 51 (30.05.2021): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01512009mtgabs.
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Stănescu, Simona Maria. „Interview with Adrian Majuru, winner of Romanian Academy’s 2019 prize in sociology „Henry H. Stahl”“. Sociologie Romaneasca 18, Nr. 2 (11.11.2020): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.19.
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Back in 1879 two Romanian Academy’s prizes were established for science and literature: „Gheorghe Lazăr” and „Ion Heliade Rădulescu” (www.acad.ro). The prizes of the Romanian Academy „are awarded to Romanian scientists and artists living here or abroad for their contribution (…) to the development of Romanian culture and science” (www.acad.ro). Since 1996, the Romanian Academy is awarding yearly excellence in domains corresponding to its scientific sections: I Philology and literature, II Historical sciences and archeology, III Mathematics, IV Physics, V Chemistry, VI Biology, VII Geonomic, VIII Technical section, IX Agricultural and Forestry section, X Medicine section, XI Economic, juridical and sociology section, XII Philosophy, theology, psychology and pedagogy section, XIII Art, architecture and audiovisual section and XIV Science and technology of information section. Under the section XI Economic, juridical and sociological sciences, two awards are available for Sociology area: „Dimitrie Gusti” and „Henri H. Stahl”. This interview is conducted with the winner of „Henri H. Stahl” awarded in 2020. More details on history of these awards as well as guidelines and 1998-2017 lists are available on https://acad.ro/premiileAR/pag_premii.htm.
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Zivanovic, Oliver, Dennis Chi, Qin Zhou, Alexia Iasonos, Vicky Makker, Rachel N. Grisham, Jason A. Konner et al. „A randomized phase II trial of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) +/- carboplatin hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients (pts) with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (EOC).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 6016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6016.
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6016 Background: The role of HIPEC for recurrent EOC is not well defined. The aim of this phase II study was to determine the proportion of pts without evidence of disease progression at 24 months post SCS +/- intraoperative carboplatin HIPEC. Methods: After SCS to ≤ 0.5 cm residual visible disease pts were intraoperatively randomized to carboplatin HIPEC (800mg/m2 for 90 minutes) or no HIPEC. The HIPEC arm received 5 additional and the standard arm received 6 postoperative cycles of IV platinum-based chemotherapy without maintenance treatment. Based on an exact binomial single stage “pick the winner” design, each arm is considered “winner” if ≥ 17/49 pts are without evidence of disease progression at 24 months post SCS. Secondary objectives include postoperative grade ≥ 3 toxicity and complications within 4 weeks post SCS, and pharmacokinetics of carboplatin HIPEC. Results: Of 98 pts, 49 (50%) were randomized to the HIPEC arm. The arms were well balanced for age, stage, histology, BRCA mutation status, prior chemotherapy, and disease-free interval. Complete gross SCS was achieved in 94% of the standard and 82% of the HIPEC arm (p = 0.12). Bowel resection was performed more frequently in the standard (65%) compared to the HIPEC arm (37%; p = 0.008). Median operative time was shorter in the standard (296 minutes) compared to the HIPEC arm (475 minutes; p < 0.001). There was no perioperative mortality and no difference in use of ostomies, length of stay or postoperative toxicity. At a median follow-up of 27.7 months (range: 8.8-81.8 months) 70 of 98 pts progressed and 26 died with a median progression free survival (PFS) of 14.3 months (12.1-16 months) and a median overall survival (OS) of 55.2 months (47.7-not reached). At 24 months post SCS 32 pts progressed within 24 months in the standard versus 35 in the HIPEC arm. There was no statistically significant difference in median PFS (15.4 vs 12.3 months, p = 0.173) or median OS (69.2 vs 53.1 months, p = 0.317) between arms. These are preliminary efficacy estimates as 83/98 pts have a minimum of 24 months follow-up. Conclusions: The HIPEC arm did not reach the predefined “winner” endpoint; the standard arm is still undetermined as 6 pts did not reach 24 months follow-up. No perioperative mortality, and no increased perioperative morbidity or toxicity was seen with HIPEC. SCS with carboplatin HIPEC followed by 5 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy was not superior to SCS without HIPEC followed by 6 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01767675.
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Kohonen, T. „The Self-Organising Map, a Possible Model of Brain Maps“. Perception 26, Nr. 1_suppl (August 1997): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970002.
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We stipulate that the following three categories of dynamic phenomena must be present in a realistic neural-network model: (i) activation; (ii) adaptation; (iii) plasticity control. In most neural models only activation and adaptation are present. The self-organising map (SOM) algorithm is the only neural-network model that includes all the three phenomena. Its modelling laws include the following partial functions: (1) Some parallel computing mechanism for the specification of a cell in a piece of cell mass whose parametric representation matches or responds best to the afferent input. This cell is called the ‘winner’. (2) Control of some learning factor in the cells in the neighbourhood of the ‘winner’ so that only this neighbourhood is adapted to the current input. By virtue of the ‘neighbourhood learning,’ the SOM forms spatially ordered maps of sensory experiences, which resemble the maps observed in the brain. The newest version of the SOM is the ASSOM (adaptive-subspace SOM). The adaptive processing units of ASSOM are able to represent signal subspaces, not just templates of the original patterns. A signal subspace is an invariance group; therefore the processing units of ASSOM are able to respond invariantly, eg to moving and transforming patterns, in a similar fashion as the complex cells in the cortex.
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Cheng, Zimu, Binghao Chen und Zhangdui Zhong. „A Tradeoff between Rich Multipath and High Receive Power in MIMO Capacity“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/864641.
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A discussion about which of the two factors, rich multipath (in NLOS) or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (usually in LOS), affects the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel capacity more is presented in this paper. This interesting discussion is investigated by performing simulations using simple circle scatterer model and WINNER II channel model. And the simulation shows that these two factors behave differently as the channel condition varyies. When the scatterer number in channel is low, the high receive SNR is more important to capacity. The multipath richness will have greater influence when the scatterer number exceeds a certain threshold. However, the channel capacity will not change much as the scatterers continue to increase.
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Petersson, Sandra. „Something for Nothing: The Law of Adverse Possession in Alberta“. Alberta Law Review 30, Nr. 4 (01.04.1992): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1229.
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This paper is the winner of this year's William Morrow Essay competition. It traces the origin and evolution of the law of adverse possession. Petersson commences with a thorough overview of the current status of adverse possession in Canada. The reader is then transported back in time to medieval England to bear witness as historical forces forge the law into twin principles of extinction and acquisition. From the regal court of Henry II, the reader is then whisked to the humble offices of the Registrar of Land Titles as the paper guides one through modern property law relating to adverse possession. The journey ends with an enlightening discussion of the justifications for, and future of, adverse possession in Alberta.
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Komariah, Novi, Saimul Laili und Hari Santoso. „Diversitas Makrofauna Kaitannya Dengan Kualitas Air Sungai Metro Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang“. BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 6, Nr. 1 (11.08.2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v6i1.286.
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Water is a natural resource that is needed for the life of human being, even for all the creatures. Therefore, these water resources must be protected so that humans and other living things can be utilized properly. The macrofauna community defines whether the water quality is good or not. The study of the effect of river water quality on the diversity of macrofauna in the Metro river flow of Lowokwaru Subdistrict, Malang City aims to determine the effect of river water quality and to compare the diversity of macrofauna in several Metro river locations in Lowokwaru District, Malang. The method used is quantitative descriptive by calculating the Shanon Winner diversity index. The results obtained for station I amounted to 1.95 classified as lightly polluted, at station II the results were 1,007 which were classified as moderately polluted, and at station III the results were 0.69 which were classified as heavily polluted.
Key Words: water quality, macro fauna, Metro river
ABSTRAK
Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang diperlukan untuk kebutuhan hidup orang banyak, bahkan oleh semua makhluk hidup. Oleh karena itu, sumber daya air tersebut harus di lindungi agar tetap dapat di manfaatkan dengan baik oleh manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Komunitas makrofauna menentukan kualitas air baik atau tidak. Penelitian tentang pengaruh kualitas air sungai terhadap keragaman makrofauna di aliran sungai Metro Kecamatan Lowokwaru kota Malang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas air sungai dan untuk membandingkan keanekaragaman makrofauna di beberapa lokasi aliran sungai Metro Kecamatan Lowokwaru kota Malang. Metode yang di gunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melakukan perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon Winner. Indeks keanekaragaman yang di hasilkan pada stasiun I sebesar 1,95 yang tergolong tercemar ringan, pada stasiun II indeks keanekaragaman yang di hasilkan sebesar 1,007 yang tergolong tercemar sedang, dan pada stasiun III di dapat hasil indeks keanekaragaman 0,69 yang tergolong tercemar berat.
Kata kunci: Kualitas air, makrofauna, sungai metro.
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Ibhadode, Osagie, A. Adekunle, Joseph Azeta und Y. K. Abimiku. „An Investigation Of The Influence Of Femtocells Network On A Small Size Indoor Environment Using Itu-R And Winner Ii Path Loss Models“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (Dezember 2019): 032020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/032020.
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Ponomareva, E. G. „The World War II and its falsification in the Russian youth representations“. RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, Nr. 2 (15.12.2020): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-2-307-322.
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The events of the World War II play a special role in the contemporary social discourse as the basis of collective memory and civil culture. The current attempts of some Western countries to misrepresent and rewrite the history of the World War II and to belittle the role of the Red Army in the rout of Nazism pursue serious geopolitical goals. Effective opposition to the falsification of history depends on the quality of youths knowledge about that period (active historical memory) and the younger generations emotional association with the war winner. The article presents the results of the sociological study conducted on the eve of the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory. First, there was a survey at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (students aged 18-23) to identify the level of historical knowledge and assessments, sources (fiction and movies) of representations, ideas about reasons for the falsification of the World War II history and measures to oppose it. The questions were divided into three groups: historical (the level of basic knowledge), cultural-pedagogic, or emotional (questions about books and movies) and evaluative-predictive (reasons for the falsification of history and measures to oppose it). The study also aimed at comparing the results of the survey with all-Russian opinion polls and foreign surveys. Second, the author analyzed estimates of the reasons for the falsification of the war history and suggestions to oppose this negative trend, which were provided by leading experts from Russian and foreign universities and analytical centers. The comparison of the students and experienced researchers opinions revealed both similarities and differences in generational estimates, and allowed to identify some general ways to resist the intensified trend of the falsification of the war history.
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Riechelmann, R., E. Sasse, G. Borghesi, V. Miranda, A. Fede, L. Saad, V. Oliveira et al. „Randomized phase II trials (RP2T): Selection design or poor man's phase III?“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2009): 6595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6595.
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6595 Background: With the increasing number of new anticancer agents, RP2Ts have been used more often, aiming to select active agents to be tested further. RP2Ts are typically underpowered for statistical comparisons of endpoints between treatment arms. We sought to investigate how frequently formal statistical testing (as opposed to “picking the winner”) has been used in RP2Ts. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed for RP2Ts on systemic cancer therapy, using the medical subject headings “drug therapy” and “neoplasms,” and limiting the search to years 1995/1996 and 2005/2006, and to publication type “randomized controlled trials.” For each study, relevant data that were collected independently by two investigators included reporting of P values and confidence intervals (CIs) for primary (PE) and other endpoint(s) results. Results: 288 articles were retrieved and 107 were eligible: 22 were published in 1995/96 and 85 in 2005/06. Median number of arms and patients per RP2Ts were 2 and 94, respectively. PE was response rate in 71 (66.4%), a control arm was present in 55 (51.4%) and 48 (45%) were partially or entirely sponsored by for-profit organizations. For the PE, P values were reported in 50 (47%), and CIs in 69 (65%) RP2Ts. Either P values or CIs for the PE were reported in 85 (79.4%; 95% CI: 70.8% - 86.1%) cases. No temporal trend was identified in such practice (17 of 22 RP2Ts from 1995/1996 and 68 of 85 RP2Ts from 2005/2006). Likewise, source of funding and use of a control group were not associated with reporting P values/CIs for PE. Conclusions: Our study suggests that formal statistical comparisons are frequently performed between arms of RP2Ts. Further studies are needed in order to identify factors that are associated with such practice. [Table: see text]
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Petrič, Jerneja. „Comic strip as literature : Art Spiegelman's Maus in Slovenian“. Acta Neophilologica 42, Nr. 1-2 (30.12.2009): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.42.1-2.69-81.
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Until recently comic strips were predominantly categorized as either juvenile distraction or some odd adult enthusiasts' hobby. The genre experienced a minor revolution in the 1990s when on the one hand the mass visual media began to explore its rich potential whereas on the other hand the medium's ability to offer "tremendous resources to all writers and artists" (McCloud 212) came under scrntiny, prompting authors like Art Spiegelman to wage an experiment. His biographical Holocaust graphic novel MAUS l and II (1986, 1991) became a bestseller and Pulitzer Prize winner. The paper looks into its 2003 Slovenian edition from the point of view of the undividable entity of drawing and lettering within a panel. It also touches upon certain translation solutions - how closely they correspond to the source text in terms of syntax and transfer of information - but it is not a detailed contrastive analysis as such.
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Siemianowska, Izabella. „Polskie akcenty w publicystyce Aleksandra Sołżenicyna“. Acta Polono-Ruthenica 3, Nr. XXII (02.10.2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.1249.
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Poland and Polish people are shown in the Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s writing in the context of complicated Polish-Russian relations. In Repentance and Self-limitation the author criticises Polish nation for being unable to repent and admit making mistakes in the past in a historical context. At the same time he claims that Russians have a natural ability to repentance, that is a condition of a moral renewal of a nation. Nevertheless, the overall picture of the Polish nation in Solzhenitsyn’s writing is positive. This Russian Nobel prize winner highlights Polish courage, pride and their undeterred struggle for freedom. In The Gulag Archipelago the author eternalises a Polish scientist named Jerzy Wegierski, a prisoner of a forced labour camp, who had been Solzhenitsyn’s friend till his death. It is also very important to highlight Solzhenitsyn’s respect and attitude toward the Pope John Paul II. The article is an attempt to recall and analyse Polish features in the Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s writing.
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Merlo, Elisabetta, und Francesca Polese. „Turning Fashion into Business: The Emergence of Milan as an International Fashion Hub“. Business History Review 80, Nr. 3 (2006): 415–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500035856.
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The Italian fashion industry rose to a position of international prominence in the second half of the twentieth century. An important factor in the sector's global success was the opening up of the international, particularly the American, markets. The changes that occurred within the fashion industry after World War II, most critically the end of the Parisian monopoly, offered opportunities that were exploited differently by the various competitors. While cities like London and New York managed to promote themselves as alternatives to Paris, Italy was initially unable to create a single fashion capital. Florence, Rome, and Milan felt themselves equally entitled to become the staging ground for Italian fashion production, but Milan, benefiting from certain features of its productive structure, eventually emerged as the winner. The city's success was based on a long, steady accumulation of resources and the ability to harness its creative and managerial capabilities. The result was Milan's emergence as a fashion “superstar” in the 1970s.
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Jiang, Y., J. Jiang und I. J. Palmer. „Computerized Interactive Gaming via Supporting Vector Machines“. International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/186941.
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Computerized interactive gaming requires automatic processing of large volume of random data produced by players on spot, such as shooting, football kicking, and boxing. This paper describes a supporting vector machine-based artificial intelligence algorithm as one of the possible solutions to the problem of random data processing and the provision of interactive indication for further actions. In comparison with existing techniques, such as rule-based and neural networks, and so forth, our SVM-based interactive gaming algorithm has the features of (i) high-speed processing, providing instant response to the players, (ii) winner selection and control by one parameter, which can be predesigned and adjusted according to the needs of interaction and game design or specific level of difficulties, and (iii) detection of interaction points is adaptive to the input changes, and no labelled training data is required. Experiments on numerical simulation support that the proposed algorithm is robust to random noise, accurate in picking up winning data, and convenient for all interactive gaming designs.
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Attenborough, Daniel. „Winner of the SLS Annual Conference Best Paper Prize 2011: Giving purpose to the corporate purpose debate: an Equitable Maximisation and Viability principle“. Legal Studies 32, Nr. 1 (März 2012): 4–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2011.00219.x.
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Over the years, there has been an explosion in the mainstream scholarship of various academic disciplines on the issue of the appropriate corporate objective, which has been framed by a debate between the shareholder wealth maximisation and stakeholder-orientated theories. Behind the two paradigms is a complex set of controversies on which there exists wide disagreement. What is certain is that the prevailing theories have obvious normative and/or practical limitations and neither is to be extolled as an affirmative theory, for different reasons. The purpose of this paper is to cut through the consequent knot of partial and inaccurate dialectic in order to develop a positive normative principle of the corporate objective. This will be referred to as the Equitable Maximisation and Viability principle. The objective of the corporation as a separate legal entity should be to: (i) respect, protect, and fulfil the demonstrable, legitimate interests and expectations of the constituent groups that contribute to the corporation; and (ii) to facilitate the corporation's viability so that its future is guaranteed with sufficiently high probability. This theory is justifiable on the basis of the values of equality and efficiency.
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Iványi, Antal, und Norbert Fogarasi. „On partial sorting in restricted rounds“. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Informatica 9, Nr. 1 (26.07.2017): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausi-2017-0002.
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AbstractLet n and k be integers such that n ≥ 2 and 1 ≤ k ≤n. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding an ordered list of the k best players out of n participants by organizing a tournament of rounds of pairwise matches (comparisons). Assuming that (i) in each match there is a winner (no ties) (ii) the relative strength of the players is constant throughout the tournament and (iii) the players’ strengths are transitive, the problem is equivalent to partially sorting n different, comparable objects, allowing parallelization in rounds. The rounds are restricted as one player can only play one match in each round. We propose concrete pairing algorithms and make conjectures about their performance in terms of the worst case number of rounds and matches required. The research article was started by professor Antal Iványi who sadly passed away during the work and was completed in his honor by the co-author. He hopes, in this modest way, to reflect his deep admiration for professor Iványi’s many contributions to the theory, practice and appreciation of algorithm design and analysis.
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Alwarafy, Abdulmalik, Ahmed Iyanda Sulyman, Abdulhameed Alsanie, Saleh A. Alshebeili und Hatim M. Behairy. „Path-Loss Channel Models for Receiver Spatial Diversity Systems at 2.4 GHz“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6790504.
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This article proposes receiver spatial diversity propagation path-loss channel models based on real-field measurement campaigns that were conducted in a line-of-site (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) indoor laboratory environment at 2.4 GHz. We apply equal gain power combining (EGC), coherent and noncoherent techniques, on the received signal powers. Our empirical data is used to propose spatial diversity propagation path-loss channel models using the log-distance and the floating intercept path-loss models. The proposed models indicate logarithmic-like reduction in the path-loss values as the number of diversity antennas increases. In the proposed spatial diversity empirical path-loss models, the number of diversity antenna elements is directly accounted for, and it is shown that they can accurately estimate the path-loss for any generalized number of receiving antenna elements for a given measurement setup. In particular, the floating intercept-based diversity path-loss model is vital to the 3GPP and WINNER II standards since they are widely utilized in multi-antenna-based communication systems.
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Al-Ayubbi, Shalahuddin. „Pengaruh Perang Dunia II Terhadap Revolusi Mesir 1952“. Buletin Al-Turas 22, Nr. 2 (31.07.2016): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v22i2.4045.
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Abstrak Pendudukan Mesir oleh Napoleon, Kaisar Prancis, pada tahun 1798 memperkenalkan dunia Arab dengan peradaban modern. Selain menjajah, Prancis juga mengenalkan produk-produk peradaban yang baru. Alhasil, orang Islam mulai mengenal berbagai wacana terbaru di masa itu. Turki sebagai penguasa dunia Islam tidak tinggal diam. Ia mengutus Muhammad Ali Pasha untuk mengusir Prancis dari Mesir. Setelah melalui peperangan yang melelahkan akhirnya Prancis dapat dikalahkan. Tak lama kemudian, Muhammad Ali mentahbiskan diri sebagai penguasa Mesir dan melanjutkan proyek pembaruan yang sebelumnya diletakkan oleh Prancis. Dunia Islam kembali bergolak, paska kekalahan blok Jerman dalam Perang Dunia I pada 1918, dimana Turki tergabung di dalamnya. Mesir jatuh ke tangan Inggris sebagai bagian dari pemenang perang. Hingga awal Perang Dunia II, Mesir masih berada di tangan Inggris. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan dijadikannya Mesir sebagai pangkalan perang Sekutu ketika mengalahkan tentara Jerman di front Afrika Utara pada bulan November 1942. Perang Dunia II diakhiri dengan kemenangan Sekutu dan kekalahan Jerman dan pendukungnya. Meskipun Mesir tidak terlibat langsung, pengaruh PD II sangat kental dalam menumbuhkembangkan semangat nasionalisme untuk bebas dari cengkeraman penguasa lokal yang menjadi wakil dari Inggris. Selain itu, kemenangan Rusia sebagai salah satu peserta PD II, ikut membawa wacana sosialisme ke Mesir yang diadopsi oleh gerakan Opsir Bebas sebagai ideologi dan nilai dasar pergerakannya. Selanjutnya, Opsir Bebas yang telah bekerja sama dengan Ikhwanul Muslimin menjadi aktor intelektual dan penggerak bagi rakyat Mesir untuk menjemput revolusi pada tahun 1952.---Abstract The french emperor, Napoleon, who inhabited Egypt, had introduced the modern civilization of Arab in 1798 to the world. Besides, Franch also introduced the modern products. As the result, many muslims began to have a new view of the time. Turk as a new ruler of muslims world had to take a part for it. It delegated Muhammad Ali Pasha to expelled Franch from Egypt. After finishing the exhausting war, he finally conquered French. Soon, Muhammad Ali Pasha confirmed himself as a new ruler of Egypt and continued the new project which was planned by Franch. World of Islam began to flared up after Germany had been defeated during the World War I in 1918, where Turk joined in it. Egypt were handed down to England as the winner. By the beginning of World War II, Egypt were still controlled by England. It can be seen from the Egypt where allied force base was put in it during the defeat of Germany in North Africa on November 1942. World War II was ended by the allies glory and the the loses of Germany and its supporters. Despite of Egypt had not involved, however, the effects of world War II had arisen the nationalism to get rid of local ruler as the British representative. In addition to this, the glory of Russia as one of the participants of World War II had brought a new view of socialism into Egypt which was adapted by free movement as the basic ideology and values. Next, the free movement opsir who cooperated with Ikhwanul Muslimin became the intellectual actor and locomotive for people in Egypt to have revolution in 1952. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.556797
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Garfinkel, Jonathan H., Jonathan P. Dyke, Lauren Volpert, Austin Sanders, Meghan Newcomer, Carolyn M. Sofka, Scott J. Ellis und Constantine A. Demetracopoulos. „2019 Roger A. Mann Award Winner: Imaging of Bone Perfusion and Metabolism in Subjects Undergoing Total Ankle Arthroplasty Using 18F-Positron Emission Tomography“. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, Nr. 4 (01.10.2019): 2473011419S0002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00025.
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Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle replacement (TAR) continues to exhibit a relatively high incidence of complications and need for revision surgery, particularly when compared to knee and hip arthroplasty. One common mode of failure in TAR is talar component subsidence. This may be caused by disruption in the talar blood supply related to the surgical technique. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]-Fluoride has demonstrated utility in evaluating bone perfusion, and PET-CT in particular is useful in the setting of total joint replacement. In this study we aim to quantify changes in talar perfusion before and after TAR with the INBONE II system (Wright Medical Technology, Inc., Memphis, TN) using [18F]-Fluoride PET-CT. It is our hypothesis that perfusion to the talus would decrease after TAR. Methods: Eight subjects (5M/3F) aged 70.4 ± 7.5 years [Range 61-83] were enrolled for 18F-PET/CT imaging prior to and 3 months following TAR. 5–10 mCi of 18F-Fluoride was administered and dynamic acquisition in list mode for 45 minutes was performed on the operative and non-operative ankles simultaneously on a Siemens mCT Biograph scanner. Static acquisition of the whole body was also performed one hour after injection. Regions of interest (ROI’s) were placed on the postoperative CT images in the body of the talus beneath the INBONE II talar component. These regions were manually delineated on the preoperative CT scans, and were drawn to replicate the ROIs placed on the postoperative studies. ROI’s were overlaid on the fused static 18F-PET images and standard uptake values (SUVs) calculated for these regions as well as the whole foot. Changes in SUVs were analyzed using a paired t-tests with a significance level of 0.05. Results: We found no significant difference in bone perfusion in the talus after TAR in our cohort of patients. 18F uptake in the ROI underneath the talar component compared to that measured at baseline prior to surgery was 3.36 +/- 1.44 SUV postoperatively vs. 2.65 ± 1.24 SUV preoperatively, (p=0.33). Similar results were seen in the whole foot: 2.99 +/- 1.22 SUV postoperatively vs. 2.47 ± 0.75 SUV preoperatively (p=0.16). Figure 1 displays preoperative and postoperative uptake in the bone in the area corresponding to the base of the talar component. Although we did not find a significant difference in our initial study, the observed increase in perfusion to the talus after TAR may reach significance with a larger cohort of patients. Conclusion: 18F-PET demonstrates the ability to quantify changes in bone perfusion and metabolism following TAR. Our results suggest that the vascular blood supply to the talus is not disrupted after TAR. Additional pharmacokinetic analysis of the dynamic activity curves will also allow for estimates of bone blood flow and osteoblastic turnover via compartmental modeling. These results may be used to confirm the presence of adequate bone blood flow and vascularity in the body of the talus following total ankle replacement.
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Brede, Markus. „How Does Active Participation Affect Consensus: Adaptive Network Model of Opinion Dynamics and Influence Maximizing Rewiring“. Complexity 2019 (23.06.2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1486909.
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In this paper we study the impact of active participation, or deliberately seeking out other agents with an aim of convincing them, on the dynamics of consensus formation. For this purpose, we propose an adaptive network model in which two processes shape opinion dynamics at interwoven time-scales as follows: (i) agents adapt their opinions subject to influence from social network neighbours who hold opinions within a tolerance interval δ and (ii) agents rewire network connections with an aim of maximizing their own influence on overall system opinion. We study this system both in an endogenous setting, in which all agents are subject to influence and also attempt to maximize influence, and in a setting of exogenous control, in which external agents not subject to influence adaptively attempt to maximize their influence. In both settings we find three regimes of stationary opinion configurations: (i) for low δ a regime of two evenly balanced radicalized opinion clusters at the extremes of the opinion space, (ii) for intermediate δ a ’winner-takes-most’ regime of two unevenly sized radicalized opinion clusters, and (iii) for large δ a regime in which very low spread compromise consensus states can be reached. Comparing to adaptive processes of random and deliberately spread-reducing rewiring, we demonstrate that in regime (iii) competitive influence maximization can achieve near-minimal opinion spread within near-optimal times. Further, we also show that competitive influence maximizing rewiring can reduce the impact of small influential minorities on consensus states.
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Okolotin, Vladimir S. „PRODUCTION OF SPECIAL PRODUCTS AT IVANOVO FURNITURE FACTORY (PLANT NO. 43) DURING WORLD WAR II“. Vestnik of Kostroma State University, Nr. 2 (2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-83-87.
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The article is devoted to the study of Ivanovo furniture factory, which during World War II operated under the provisional name «plant No. 43» of the People’s Commissariat of the forest industry. Fulfi lling the orders of the State Defence Committee of the USSR, it produced landing and sanitary aerial vehicles, special caps for 45 mm shells, cases for anti-tank mines and other special products for the active army. The article refl ects the problems of the development of these types of products by the combine, the organisation of production cooperation for the production of individual components and devices for aerial vehicles, as well as metal fi ttings for special closures and cases for anti-tank mines. Important attention is paid to the specifics of the search for solutions to resolve them, including through appeals to Joseph Stalin, the Chairman of the State Defence Committee. These actions were based on maximum mobilisation of local production resources and on the development of various forms of socialist competition. They were so successful that in August and September 1944, the factory’s labour team twice became the winner of the all-Union socialist competition among the enterprises of the forest industry with the award of the Red Banner of the GKO of the State Defence Committee. In the end, all this worked for the defence of the country and brought the defeat of the enemy closer. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region, the Russian state archive of socio-political history, the State archive of the Russian Federation, and the local periodical press. It summarises new information on the topic under study, most of the archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the fi rst time, which allows researchers and the public to expand their understanding of the contribution of residents of the region to achieving victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this research may be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of regional economy and the history of World War II.
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de Lima, M., D. Couriel, M. Munsell, M. Westmoreland, H. Shah, J. deJesus, C. Hosing et al. „Pentostatin, Tacrolimus, and “Mini”-Methotrexate for Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis: A Phase I/II Controlled, Randomized Study.“ Blood 104, Nr. 11 (16.11.2004): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.727.727.
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Abstract GVHD remains a major obstacle to a successful unrelated (UD) or mismatched related (MRD) donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Pentostatin is a purine nucleoside analog that targets adenosine deaminase and leads to lymphocyte depletion, with low potential for myelosuppression. We are investigating the incorporation of pentostatin to our standard GVHD prophylaxis regimen with tacrolimus (tacro) and methotrexate (MTX). Methods: This is an adaptive randomized, dose finding study that takes into account toxicity and efficacy in a Baysean “play the winner” design. The “winner” dose moves to the phase II portion of the study. Probability of assignment to the control group was fixed at 20%. Recipients of UD and MRD are eligible; all analysis is done by intention to treat. Success was defined as being alive, engrafted, in complete remission(CR), without GVHD at study completion (100 days post HSCT). Development of grade III-IV acute (a) GVHD defined failure at any time, while grade I–II did not constitute failure if absent by day 100. This design has power 0.7 to detect a dose that has a success rate of 60% for low-risk patients (HLA matched, in CR) and 45% for high-risk patients (mismatched, not in CR). High-resolution typing was available for all donor-recipient pairs at HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci, and to 83% of the pairs at HLA-A and -B loci; all patients had low-resolution -C typing. Treatment plan: tacro from day -2 (target level of 5–15 ng/ml) and MTX 5 mg/m2 on days +1, +3, +6 to all patients; day +11 was given only to the control group. Pentostatin was given on days +8, +15, +22 and +30, in treatment arms: 0.5 mg/m2, 1 mg/m2, 1.5 mg/m2, and 2 mg/m2. Results: 73 patients, median age 45 yrs (range 18–72) have been enrolled. Diagnosis were AML/MDS(n=48), ALL(n=8), CML (n=10) and NHL(n=7); 58% of the patients were not in CR at HSCT. Conditioning regimens were busulfan based(n=52), melphalan based(n=10), BEAM(n= 2), and CyTBI(n =9); 71% were ablative and 29%, reduced intensity. ATG was used in the regimen in 86% of the cases. Stem cell source: bone marrow (n=67) and peripheral blood(n=6). Donors: UD(n=67) and MRD(n=6). Proportion of patients with donor-recipient HLA mismatches was 24%, 20%, 33%, 21% and 40%, respectively for the 5 study arms; median age was similar. 85% of the intended pentostatin doses were delivered. Pentostatin did not delay engraftment. Incidence of toxicities (control vs. study arms): renal (all grade I/II)=47% vs 36%; TTP/HUS= 12% vs 9% (more severe among pentostatin patients); early relapse= 12% vs 5%; engraftment failure=6% vs 3%; delayed engraftment (>21 days): 0 vs. 5%. Probability that dose 1.5 mg/m2 is better than control is 0.9341. Pentostatin dose control group (n=17) 0.5 mg/m2 (n=10) 1 mg/m2 (n=12) 1.5 mg/m2 (n=24) 2 mg/m2 (n=10) gd II-IV aGVHD 47% 44% 63% 29% 50% gd III-IV aGVHD 20% 33% 27% 10% 10% CMV reactivation 41% 30% 33% 50% 50% bact/fungal infection 59% /12% 60% /10% 50% /18% 55% /17% 70% /10% Not evaluable n=2 n=1 n=1 n=4 n=0 Failure rate 47% 70% 33% 29% 40% Conclusions: This preliminary analysis indicates that aGVHD rate may be reduced with pentostatin 1.5 mg/m2, without interference with engraftment. Longer follow-up and larger number of patients will be needed to assess impact on survival.
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Braddick, Oliver. „Local and Global Representations of Velocity: Transparency, Opponency, and Global Direction Perception“. Perception 26, Nr. 8 (August 1997): 995–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260995.
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Human subjects can perceive global motion or motions in displays containing diverse local motions, implying representation of velocity at multiple scales. The phenomena of flexible global direction judgments, and especially of motion transparency, also raise the issue of whether the representation of velocity at any one scale is single-valued or multi-valued. A new performance-based measure of transparency confirms that the visual system represents directional information for each component of a transparent display. However, results with the locally paired random-dot display introduced by Qian et al, show that representations of multiple velocities do not coexist at the finest spatial scale of motion analysis. Functionally distinct scales of motion processing may be associated with (i) local motion detectors which show a strong winner-take-all interaction; (ii) spatial integration of local signals to disambiguate velocity; (iii) selection of reliable velocity signals as proposed in the model of Nowlan and Sejnowski; (iv) object-based or surface-based representations that are not necessarily organised in a fixed spatial matrix. These possibilities are discussed in relation to the neurobiological organisation of the visual motion pathway.
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Soloviev, I. A., V. K. Logunov, A. P. Utochkin und R. D. Kuchev. „CONTRIBUTION COLONEL OF MEDICAL SERVICE N. N. GURIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAVAL SURGERY (TO THE 90 ANNIVERSARY FROM THE BIRTHDAY)“. Marine Medicine 6, Nr. 5(S) (20.01.2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-s-109-113.
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The article is devoted to the eminent naval surgeon Professor Gurin Nikolay Nikolaevich, head of the Department of marine medicine of the Leningrad GIUV (1978–1980), Vice-rector Langius (1984–1995), Colonel of medical service. Nikolai Nikolaevich graduated from the Naval medical Academy in 1955 and was sent to the black sea fleet. Winner of the government of the Russian Federation award (1999) in the field of education for the development and implementation of systems of practice (clinical doctor) for medical higher educational institutions. In 1959–1962, he studied in the clinical residency of the VMGH clinic, and in 1969–1982, he was the chief surgeon OF the DRA. Scientific works: «Military field surgery» textbook (1980); «Marine medicine» guide for doctors ‘ exams (1989); «General medical practice (family medicine)» (1996). Monographs: «Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis on ships at sea» (1994); «Treatment of acute cholecystitis» (1999); «Choice of method for treatment of stomach ulcers» (2001); «Family medicine of Gatchina» (2001); «Treatment of complicated osteomyelitis» (2004); «First aid» (2009);«Surgical care for stomach wounds» (2010). Awarded 14 medals. Including the medal «for services to the Fatherland of the II degree».
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Williams, Brenda. „Winter sparkle“. Practical Pre-School 2017, Nr. 192 (02.01.2017): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2017.192.ii.
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