Dissertationen zum Thema „Wholesale system“

FWOS (Food Wholesaler Ordering System) demonstrates the application of web services to provide an ecommerce solution for general food wholesaler and their customers. The main goal of this project is to provide graphical user interfaces for the four user types including visitor, member, sales person and sales manager. The system provides a contact base ordering system, an account management sub-system, and a powerful accounting subsystem.

Magíster en Gestión de Operaciones
Ingeniero Civil Industrial
En las empresas de Retail, las áreas de Customer Intelligence tienen muchas oportunidades de mejorar sus decisiones estratégicas a partir de la información que podrían obtener de los registros de interacciones con sus clientes. Sin embargo se ha convertido en un desafío poder procesar estos grandes volúmenes de datos. Uno de los problemas que se enfrentan día a día es segmentar o agrupar clientes. La mayoría de las empresas generan agrupaciones según nivel de gasto, no por similitud en sus canastas de compra, como propone la literatura. Otro desafío de estas empresas es aumentar las ventas en cada visita del cliente y fidelizar. Una de las técnicas utilizadas para lograrlo es usar sistemas de recomendación. En este trabajo se proceso ́ alrededor de medio billón de registros transaccionales de una cadena de supermercados mayorista. Al aplicar las técnicas tradicionales de Clustering y Market Basket Analysis los resultados son de baja calidad, haciendo muy difícil la interpretación, además no se logra identificar grupos que permitan clasificar a un cliente de acuerdo a sus compras históricas. Entendiendo que la presencia simultánea de dos productos en una misma boleta implica una relación entre ellos, se usó un método de graph mining basado en redes sociales que permitió obtener grupos de productos identificables que denominamos comunidades, a las que puede pertenecer un cliente. La robustez del modelo se comprueba por la estabilidad de los grupos generados en distintos periodos de tiempo. Bajo las mismas restricciones que la empresa exige, se generan recomendaciones basadas en las compras históricas y en la pertenencia de los clientes a los distintos grupos de productos. De esta manera, los clientes reciben recomendaciones mucho más pertinentes y no solo son basadas en los que otros clientes también compraron. La novedosa forma de resolver el problema de segmentar clientes ayuda a mejorar en un 140% el actual método de recomendaciones que utiliza la cadena Chilena de supermercados mayoristas. Esto se traduce en un aumento de más de 430% de los ingresos posibles.

Since the late 1980s, the energy sector in Great Britain has undergone some core changes in its functionality; beginning with the early 1990s privatisation, followed by an increased green ambition, and commencing a transition towards a low-carbon economy. As the British energy sector prepares itself for another major overhaul, it also puts itself at risk for not being sufficiently prepared for the consequences this transition will have on the existing generating capacity, security of supply, and the national electricity market. Upon meeting existing targets, the government of the United Kingdom risks becoming complacent, putting energy regulation to the backseat and focusing on other regulatory tasks, while introducing cuts for thriving renewable and other low-carbon energy generating technologies. The government has implemented a variety of directives, initiatives, and policies that have sometimes been criticised due to their lack of clarity and potential overlap between energy and climate change directives. The government has introduced policies that aim to provide stable short-term solutions. However, a concrete way of resolving the energy trilemma and some of the long-term objectives and more importantly ways of achieving them are yet to be developed. This work builds on analysing each low-carbon technology individually by assessing its past and current state in the British energy mix. By accounting for the changes and progress the technology underwent in its journey towards becoming a part of the energy capacity in Great Britain, its impact on the future wholesale electricity prices is studied. Research covered in this thesis presents an assessment of the existing and incoming low-carbon technologies in Great Britain and their individual and combined impact on the future of British energy economics by studying their implications for the electricity market. The methodological framework presented here uses a cost-minimisation merit order model to provide useful insights for novel methods of electricity production and conventional thermal energy generation to aid with the aftermath of potential inadequate operational and fiscal flexibility. The thesis covers a variety of scenarios differing in renewable and thermal penetration and examines the impact of interconnection, energy storage, and demand side management on the British wholesale electricity prices. The implications of increasing low-carbon capacity in the British energy mix are examined and compared to similar developments across Europe. The analysis highlights that if the optimistic scenarios in terms of green energy installation are followed, there is sufficient energy supply, which results in renewable resources helping to keep the wholesale price of electricity down. However, if the desired capacity targets are not met, the lack of available supply could result in wholesale prices going up, especially in the case of a natural gas price increase. Although initially costly, the modernisation of the British grid leads to a long-term decrease in wholesale electricity prices and provides a greater degree of security of supply and flexibility for all market participants.

The diploma thesis is focused on the improvement of goods ordering process through the wholesale system in a small company dealing with import of household products and gift items from Asian countries. Diploma thesis is divided into three parts. The theoretical part serves as an introduction to business processes, information systems and change management. The second part consists of an analysis of the internal environment of the company, a B2B ordering process analysis and a research on requirements for an improved version of the wholesale system. The third part is devoted to a proposal of the ordering process improvement and suggestion of a new version of the wholesale system based on the identified requirements of the process and stakeholders.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as principais alterações no modelo institucional do setor elétrico brasileiro, ocorridas a partir de 1995, apresentando as justificativas das transformações, algumas vezes radicais, no modo de funcionamento do Setor Elétrico Brasileiro. Objetiva-se, com a realização deste trabalho, possibilitar uma melhor compreensão das principais alterações, relacionando-as com o contexto da história do setor elétrico brasileiro. Com o objetivo de resgatar a operacionalidade do Setor Elétrico Brasileiro, foi implementado em meados dos anos 90 o Projeto RE-SEB Projeto de Reestruturação do Setor Elétrico Brasileiro, focado no aumento da capacidade de expansão do porque gerador e na atração de investimentos privados, garantindo-se a eficiência do processo via estimulo da competição. Vale ressaltar que o modelo RE-SEB serviu de base para o modelo vigente, concretizado em Lei no ano de 2004. O principal resultado da primeira etapa de mudanças (Projeto RESEB) foi a criação do Mercado Atacadista de Energia Elétrica, ambiente virtual de comercialização de energia. Nos anos de 2001 e 2002 ocorreu o racionamento de energia elétrica, que impactou profundamente o modelo institucional. Na verdade, esta crise serviu para abrir os olhos da sociedade e do setor para a necessidade de melhorias adicionais àquelas que já se haviam processado, tornando claras as lacunas que o Projeto RE-SEB não havia logrado preencher. Nesse contexto, com a entrada de um novo governo, em 2003, o setor elétrico passou por uma nova reformulação e foi instituído um novo arcabouço legal com o objetivo de adaptar o modelo antigo ao objetivo desse governo, além de incorporar as lições aprendidas no período de racionamento.
This work has the objective of presenting the main changes in the Brazilian electrical sector institutional model, stating the whole environment and the reasons that motivated the deep changes occurred since 1995, strongly influencing the operation of the Brazilian Electrical System. It is expected that after this work it would be possible to get a better comprehension of these amendments, relating them to the context Electrical Sector history in Brazil. In order to recover the financial and expansion feasibility of the Brazilian Electric System, it was implemented the Project RE-SEB - Restructuring Project of the Brazilian Electric System in the mid of the 90, aiming at increasing the system capacity expansion, improving the appeal for private investments in efficient way, by stimulation the competition. This first stage of the sector reform has been the basis for the current model. The main result of the RE-SEB project was the creation of the Wholesale Electric Energy Market, a virtual environment for the trade in energy. In 2001 and 2002, it was necessary to rationing the electricity market, which deeply impacted the institutional model. In fact, the crisis was essential to open the eyes of society and industry to the need of further improvements, making clear the gaps that the Project RE-SEB has not filled in. In this context, the government beginning in 2003, established a new effort to improve the institutional model, giving rise to a new legal framework, taking advantage of the Re-SEB experience as well as incorporating the lessons learned during the period of rationing.

This thesis describes possibilities of electricity trading. The thesis deals with subjects at the electricity market, defines their competences, obligations and relationships among these subjects. Trading places and their advantages and disadvantages are also described in the thesis. The thesis shows composition of the electricity price and informs about its partial components. Types of ancillary services are spoken and there is also comparison between selling wholesale electricity and providing ancillary services. An influence of primary fuels and emission allowances on the electricity price is included at the end of the thesis.

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
The purpose of this paper is to study the cost efficiency of multimunicipal systems operating at the bulk level in the Portuguese water sector. We will use Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to study the role of structural variables such as water losses, network density, water sources, quality measures, rainfall and topography in explaining the cost differences among those systems. Moreover, using SFA we determine operators’ efficiency scores. We found that inefficiency of operators remained constant over time. The main source of the distance to the cost frontier is a high degree of inefficiency and not exogenous random shocks.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-91).
This thesis argues that food distribution systems must be strengthened in order to address the challenge of urban food access. The argument rests on a historical analysis of the supermarket industry and a comparative study of fresh produce sourcing in two Boston neighborhoods, North Dorchester and West Roxbury. Through a series of interviews with store owners, managers, distributors and wholesalers, the thesis illustrates the sourcing methods used by different store types (national supermarkets, local and regional supermarkets and small stores) in two neighborhoods of different incomes and different demographics. The findings reveal that store type, not store location, determines the sourcing method, of which there are two distinct systems: one for supermarkets and a secondary system for small and midsize stores. The regional wholesale produce market and local distributors play an essential role in supplying fresh fruits and vegetables to these smaller food stores, which are particularly important in low-income neighborhoods that tend to have fewer supermarkets. The thesis recommends public investment in wholesale markets and regional distribution systems to ensure that residents of urban neighborhoods have access to fresh food.
by Laurie P. Tamis.
M.C.P.

As características estruturais do setor elétrico brasileiro são semelhantes às de outros setores produtivos clássicos. O segmento geração de energia elétrica ocupa um papel de destaque não só no aspecto estrutural, mas também na sua participação dentro da tarifa de fornecimento de energia elétrica, com participação da ordem de 30%. As questões comerciais que deveriam estar presentes de forma intensa durante todo o ciclo de vida do SEB, somente nas duas últimas décadas ganharam destaque e lhe foi dada a devida importância. Este trabalho procurou identificar como se processou as relações negociais, em particular as de cunho comercial, entre as empresas, supridoras e supridas, integrantes do setor elétrico brasileiro - SEB. O estudo foi segmentado em três períodos: 1990 a 1996 - \"Concepção da privatização\", 1997 a 2002 - \"Execução Operacional do Programa de Privatização\" e 2003 a 2006 - \"Modelo da Reestruturação\". Foram analisados os conceitos referentes a energia assegurada, mecanismo de realocação de energia e contratos iniciais.O texto expõe também a evolução histórica do SEB desde o final do século XIX, durante todo o século XX, e observou as externalidades que contribuíram para o posicionamento atual, como por exemplo, crise do México, Consenso de Washington e Racionamento de Energia Elétrica - 2001. Finalmente são apresentados os conceitos e o processo de cálculo do custo marginal de operação - CMO e do preço da liquidação das diferenças - PLD e do atual processo de comercialização de energia que compreende os ambientes de contratação regulada, com destaque para os leilões de energia, e o ambiente de contratação livre.
The characteristics of the Brazilian Electrical Sector, BES, are similar to those of other classic productive sectors. The electrical power generation segment plays an important role not only in the structural aspect, but also in the share of about 30% of the user\'s end tariff. The commercial issues, that should have been strongly emphasized in all BES life cycle, have only in the two last decades received the attention it deserved. This work aimed at identifying how business relations developed, particularly the commercial issues of the companies belonging to the BES system; that is, suppliers and supplied components of the said system. This project was divided into three parts: 1990 to 1996 - \"Conception of privatization\", 1997 to 2002 - \"Operational execution of privatization programs\" and 2003 to 2006 - \"Restructuring model\". Concepts related to assured power supply, electricity reallocation mechanism and initial contracts were analyzed. The text still describes BES historical evolution from the end of the nineteenth century through the twentieth century. The prevailing external scenarios that contributed to the present situation, e.g., Mexico Crises, Washington Consensus and 2001 Electricity Supply Restriction were also taken into account. Due consideration has also been given to: marginal operational cost calculation, settlement price for the differences (spot prices) and the existing process of power commercializing, which encompasses free and regulated contracting ambience. In the latter power auction plays the dominant role.

This thesis centres on issues of economic efficiency originating from the large-scale development of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) in Europe. The flexible resources that are necessary to cope with their specificities (variability, low-predictability, site specificity) are already known, but adequate signals are required to foster efficient operation and investment in these resources. A first question is to what extent intermittent RES can remain out of the market at times when they are the main driver of investment and operation in power systems. A second question is whether the current market design is adapted to their specificities. These two questions are tackled in four distinct contributions.The first chapter is a critical literature review. This analysis introduces and confronts two (often implicit) paradigms for RES integration. It then identifies and discusses a set of evolutions required to develop a market design adapted to the large-scale development of RES, such as new definitions of the products exchanged and reorganisation of the sequence of electricity markets.In the second chapter, an analytical model is used to assess the potential of intraday markets as a flexibility provider to intermittent RES with low production predictability. This study highlights and demonstrates how the potential of intraday markets is heavily dependent on the evolution of the forecast errors.The third chapter focuses on the benefits of curtailing the production by intermittent RES, as a tool to smooth out their variability and reduce overall generation costs. Another analytical model is employed to anatomize the relationship between these benefits and a set of pivotal parameters. Special attention is also paid to the allocation of these benefits between the different stakeholders.In the fourth chapter, a numerical simulation is used to evaluate the ability of the European transmission system operators to tackle the investment wave required in order to manage the production of intermittent RES. Alternative financing strategies are then assessed. The findings reveal that under the current trend of tariffs, the volumes of investment forecasted will be highly challenging for transmission system operators.

Digitaliseringen erbjuder utmaningar och möjligheter för såväl små som stora företag och driver inom partihandeln effektivisering, stordriftsfördelar och automatisering vilket bedöms leda till fortsatt konsolidering med färre och större företag. Forskning visar att förutsättningarna att hantera utmaningar och möjligheter ser olika ut beroende på olika faktorer som företagsstorlek, ålder, bransch och resurser. Det kan leda till digitala klyftor mellan dem som tar vara på möjligheterna och de som inte gör det. Utvecklingen behöver nödvändigtvis inte betyda att det är de moderna sektorer som förändras mest. Forskning visar på en utmanande situation när småföretag med begränsade resurser skall driva digitalisering till en högre nivå av digital mognad. Med bättre kunskap om hur förutsättningar ser ut kan ny viktig förståelse bidra till att förbättra möjligheten att hantera utmaningarna och ta vara på möjligheterna. För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ studie genomförts på sex småteknikhandelsbolag i den mogna industrin. Vald teori bygger på Westerman, et al., (2014) digitala mognadsmodell med utgångspunkt i digital förmåga och ledarskapsförmåga.Forskningsresultatet som vald teori grundar sig på är baserad på den mogna industrin, vilket gör den relevant för uppsatsens problemformulering och forskarfråga. Studien i uppsatsen visarpå kundorienterade små teknikhandelsbolag med olika verksamheter som befinner sig i en liknande situation utifrån digitaliseringen. Företagen visar en medvetenhet om sina digitala brister och en ambition att utvecklas, men med en försiktighet och osäkerhet i genomförandet. Det kan kopplas samman med brist på främst relevant digital förståelse. Ambitionen leder till olika digitala insatser inom olika område, men en övergripande digital helhetssyn saknas. Samtidigt uttrycker företagen ingen noterbar oro för situationen, vilket ger en något motsägelsefull bild. Studien visar på ett samstämmigt resultat vilket stämmer överens med tidigare forskning, och kan indikera att tusentals andra småföretag befinner sig i samma båt. Teorin är relevant, men för att de studerade företagen skall kunna omsätta teorin praktiskt på ett sätt som leder dem framåt behöver de nå en högre digital mognad. Därför matchar det valda teoretiska perspektivet inte företagens behov i nuläget. Den enskilt största utmaningen är relaterad till brist på digital kompetens för att strategiskt driva digital omställning. Med en traditionell och relativt digitalt omogen kundsektor blir omvandlingstrycket lågt med för- och nackdelar. Företag inom teknikhandel skapar ett mervärde genom specialistkunnande, lokal marknadskännedom, kvalificerad teknisk rådgivning, lagertillgänglighet och hög service. Det är livsviktigt att fortsätta utveckla detta mervärde för ökad konkurrenskraft mot ökad digital transparens av prisjämförelser och mot resursstarka globala och digitala e-handelsplattformar. Genom att lyfta blicken över den vardagliga situationen bör företagen mer proaktivt fokusera på extern kundnytta och intern effektivitet. Med ökad förståelse om kunders digitala behov, kan företagen kraftsamla inom område med störst behov, vilket kan attrahera nya kunder med högredigital mognad som skapar incitament till att driva den digitala omställningen framåt. För Sveriges tusentals industriföretag är potentialen i dessa frågor stor och avgörande på sikt.
Digitalization offers challenges and opportunities for both small and large companies and drives efficiency, economies of scale and automation within the technical trade sector, which isexpected to lead to continued consolidation with fewer and larger companies. Research shows that the conditions for managing these challenges and opportunities are different depending on different factors such as company size, age, industry, and resources. This can lead to a situation where digitalization divides between those who seize the opportunities and those who don´t. The development does not necessarily mean that it is the modern sectors that are changing the most.Research shows a challenging situation, when small businesses with limited resources want to drive digital transformation to a higher level of digital maturity. With better knowledge of what the conditions look like, important understanding can improve the ability to manage the challenges and seize the opportunities. Therefore, a qualitative study has been carried out on six small technical trading companies in the mature industry. The chosen theoretical framework is based on Westerman, et al., (2014) digital maturity model with two dimensions, digital capabilities, and leadership capabilities. The research results on which the chosen theory is based is the mature industry, which makes the chosen theory relevant to the thesis's problem formulation and research question. The study shows customer oriented small technical trading companies with different businesses that are in a similar situation due to digitalization. Companies show an awareness of their digital shortcomings and an ambition to develop, but with caution and uncertainty in their implementation. This can be linked to a lack of mainly relevant digital understanding. The ambition leads to different digital efforts in different areas, but an overall digital holistic approach is lacking. At the same time, companies do not express any notable concern about the situation, which paints a somewhat contradictory picture. The study shows a consistent result, also with previous research, and may indicate that many thousands of similar small businesses are in the same boat. The theory is relevant, but for the companies studied to be able to put the theory into practice in a way that leads them forward, they need to reach a higher digital maturity. Therefore, the chosen theoretical perspective does not match the needs of the companies at present. The single largest challenge is related to a lack of digital skills to strategically drive digital transformation. With a traditional and relatively digitally immature customer sector, the conversion pressuresare low resulting in both advantages and disadvantages. Technical trading companies create added value through a specialist know-how, local market knowledge, qualified technical consultations, product availability and high service. It is vital to continue to develop this added value for increased competitiveness towards increased digital transparency of price comparisons and towards resource-rich global and digital e-commerce platforms. By looking above, the daily business, the companies should focus more proactively on external customer benefit and internal efficiency. With an increased understanding of customers' digital needs, companies can gather strength in areas with the greatest need, which can attract new customers with higher digital maturity who creates incentives to drive the digital transition forward.

ABSTRACT In this case study, various strategic methods that influence procurement, purchase and choice of suppliers are discussed. The aim of the study is to provide a clear picture and depiction of different strategies and tools that SMEs can use to increase competitiveness. In this study, a qualitative research method has been used where no measurements or tests have been conducted. The analysis in this case study concludes that the choice of suppliers and procurement strategies for a small and medium enterprises (SME) is not always an easy task, a lot of components should be considered when making a strategy. Although many theories and methods often claim that the economic factors are important, this study shows that it may be good idea for companies and organizations to see the full picture and consider certain other factors into account. The conclusion also shows that small food business companies often is affected by certain criteria like delivery security and lead time. Many of the factor that are value adding to SMEs has been shown in this study to be determined by the customer. This study is suitable for readers who work with purchase strategies and supplier choices. The reader gets through reading this study insight into different strategy related contexts that are adapted to small and medium enterprises (SME). Further research on the subject can be applied with the help of this study using both the methodological and theoretical frameworks. The results and conclusions may also be of importance in further research.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
100
Fish wholesale markets are the main trading facilities in Taiwan, accounting for 40% of the total domestic demand for fish. Their functions are market information, supply and demand adjustment, hygiene management, fishery products distribution, and price settlements. These functions gradually decline in recent years. The operation of fish wholesale markets has an enormous impact on the domestic fishery production and sales channels, so its existence is of importance. However, there is currently no comprehensive fish market evaluation mechanism in Taiwan. The purposes of this study are to analyze the evaluation system of the fish wholesale markets, and by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to comprehend viewpoints from all parties including government agencies, fish market managers, and academics. From the evaluation system, we can obtain a more objective importance ranking, and to serve as a reference for future evaluations. These markets can function with higher efficiency and improvement in all aspects. Basing on existing regulations and the relevant literature, this study finds out the evaluation factors, using experts’ opinion to make adjustments, and the AHP to structure various factors. Then, within this framework, this study forms the questionnaire, analyzes the expert opinion, and calculates the weights of various items. This study finds that level two importance rankings are in the orders of trading process management, safety management of fishery products, market administrative management, market environment and hygiene management, and equipment maintenance and management. Trading process management and safety management of fishery products are the top two important factors, because these are the main functions of fish wholesale markets. Fish wholesale markets are the legal market place for fishery products, and their trading processes should be strictly monitored in order to pursue the fairness. Fish wholesale markets should also ensure safety of fishery products and protect the consumers from illness.

碩士
國立交通大學
工業工程研究所
83
A new design methodology has been developed for reengineering an information system using MI diagrams, IDEF1 X, and 2-D barcode. Generally a given information system is initially analyzed through material and information flows of MI diagrams. Then attributes of base tables of relational database are found from the information flows. Also all the base tables are represented by IDEF1X which is translated into SQL instructions later. Also 2-D barcodes are used for the places where the database can not reach . Both IDEF1X and 2-D barcode technologies construct a new information system. Also this new approach is proposed to reengineer a future information system for Taipei Flowers Auction Co., Ltd.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
資訊工程系
104
With my long-term dedication to the industry of traditional vegetarian wholesale, there is one thing worth mentioning is that though e-commerce system plays an important role in progressing turnover,there are still some obstacles we need to conquer. For example,suppliers,shopkeepers and customers can't perfectly connect with each other because we don't have steady product supply, the instant inventories remaining showing on the device,efficient marketing strategies and well-rounded customer service. In addition,the industry of traditional vegetarian wholesale has special qualities of seasonal and regional limitations such as bad weather or religious consideration. So the factors mentioned above have a great impact on the whole supply and demand system. Therefore,if we can have steady product supply,and accurate information of merchandise,most of the problems can be solved. Thus, we can create a win-win scenario between traders and customers.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
104
The auction system of Taiwan fruit and vegetable wholesale market was established in 1974 in Taipei. Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Co., (TAPMC) is the one has accomplished this auction system for more than 40 years. The implementation of this auction system plays a significant role to fruit and vegetable price setting, market concentration, protection of producer and seller’s right, and preservation of shipping and selling order, which can be proved over years. wholesale turnover and price variation in TAPMC. Due to modern distribution channel occurred, TAPMC has upgraded its auction facility, such as computerized auction equipment, palm pricing machine, wholesaler identification, etc., those make the auction system more efficient and fair. To face up the impact of modern logistic, warehousing, and internet marketing, the existing auction system is no longer be applicable. E-commerce, CVS (convenient store), and hypermarkets become important factors on all products new price setting. The traditional wholesalers and retailers are aware and have planned to reform themselves in order to meet new market needs. This surveys the practicing from Japanese reservation transaction system for Taiwan market. After years of implementation, the Taiwan fruit and vegetable reservation transaction system presents valid records and statistic data to show the feasibility of this new trading system. Taiwan fruit and vegetable wholesale market is operating by following existing trading mode, producers pay only rental to local farmers’ market, and it is unrelated to pricing if producers and consumers deal directly. However, for distribution directly to overseas are what the government concern as agricultural economy study. In recent years, the government vigorously promote the application of internet marketing tools (i.e. Fruit and Vegetable Reservation Trading APP), this helps the integration among producers, marketers and consumers in Taiwan fruit and vegetable trading market. Thus, this study takes recommendations toward to assisting producers and wholesalers, and adapting the trading system to a fair and benign competition environment.

碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
94
Visiting the Si-Lou Agricultural products wholesale market, we found the messiness of market floor and the prevailing outside trading. We postulate and investigate two possible reasons for the dropping of market share: (1) the capacity of the market place and (2) the structure of the wholesalers. We build a model by applying the systems dynamic methodology to simulate the situation in order to help the decision maker understanding the impact of different policy combinations.

碩士
國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
95
An integrated auditing information system has been proposed for the Flower Wholesale Information Sharing Hotline (Flower WISH) which consists of five data marts and a data warehouse. Essentially the Flower WISH has been designed for solving the information-sharing problem among five flower supply chains in Taiwan. Also, based on the assigned authorization, a user can retrieve her/his sanctioned flower transactional data from the Flower WISH. However, how to monitor the behavior of users becomes another challenge issue. In solving the monitoring problem, four major tasks are involved in the construction of the integrated auditing information system. First is to add a new data mart for Kaohsiung flower wholesale market because of no such a data archive before. Second the data mart was integrated with other four existed data marts into a larger flower data warehouse. Third the data for auditing purpose are retrieved and filtered from the data marts and the data warehouse into an auditing database. Fourth the integrated auditing information system is a three-tier architecture consisting of the auditing database, web pages, and browsers. It means any user can retrieve the auditing data from the integrated auditing information system through Internet. The research results show the feasibility of this integrated approach.

碩士
樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
95
Improper way to recruit employee will result in rising labor costs. The costs include worker’s leaving, absence and asking days off frequently and improper working attitude etc.. How to stabilize the source of human resources and select for the talents are the two things needed to be considered in the competitive environment of wholesale supermarkets. Hence an expert of human resources has to carefully consider the competency and personality traits of employees when need to recruit. This article goes through literature review and deeply interview wholesale professions. We finally develop twenty-seven valuation indicators for recruiting employee by using two dimensions of competency and personality traits. AHP, a hierarchy method of process analysis, is mainly used. The results of the research are, in proper order by weight, ambition, activity, working attitude, self adaptation, self career planning. These five indicators are valuable to be the base for making recruiting decision in wholesale industry. keyword：recruit、select、competency、personality traits、 AHP.

碩士
銘傳大學
觀光研究所碩士班
98
Due to fast and huge information exchanges existed in wholesale travel agencies, traditional labor working usually result in lower benefit/cost value. Many travel agencies has attempted to choose integrated information system to assist operations and marketing in order to facilitate their competitive advantages. Of information systems, the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system could be a solution, which is also regarded as a useful tool to be utilized in other industries. Implementing ERP system successfully could bring tremendous benefits; however, implementing ERP system would lead to bankrupt under high risk and high cost. Thus, determining important factors before implementing ERP system has become an essential issue for wholesale travel agencies. Selecting ERP system is a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) process. In this study, the selecting model was firstly developed by determining potential factors affecting selecting appropriate ERP system through expert interviews and literature review. Secondly, important criteria and attributes were sieved out from the analysis results of fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) after first phase expert questionnaire survey. An analytic hierarchy framework was then constructed based on these criteria and attributes. Thirdly, the ERP system selection model was analyzed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach and fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (FMCDM) method to calculate the weights of criteria, attributes, and alternatives. Finally, an empirical study of wholesale travel agency was made to demonstrate the evaluation process using the proposed model. The results showed that the selection model provide a powerful evaluation ability on selecting ERP system for a wholesale travel agency. Some conclusions and recommendations are also suggested in this study.

碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
91
Information system outsourcing is one of the most important strategies of an enterprise to divert from operation risk and to solve inadequate resources problems. IT outsourcing also increases the competitiveness of an enterprise. Agriculture industry is also on the same trend. Nowadays agriculture is trying to adapt IT system to manage the process from yielding, marketing, and selling. Unlike other commodities, farm produce can easily rotten, not endure to store, always heavy in volume, and low value in terms of price. In addition, most farms in Taiwan are little in scale. The farm producers are fragmentary, scattered, and numerous. The consumers in Taiwan are also fragmentary, scattered, and numerous. However, farm produces are essentials of the people''s livelihood. The requirement of demand and supply need to be daily, fresh, little in quantity, but various in its combination. It also needs intermediary to intervene the selling and buying. There is a need to have a wholesale market between farm producers and consumers to aggregate and distribute the agriculture produces to form a reasonable price for both selling and buying sides. Therefore, wholesale market tends to use computer system to do the intermediary job. It can decrease the intermediary cost such as management and transaction cost to increase the competitiveness of the industry. Hence, I take the “User satisfaction of farm produce IT outsourcing─take wholesale market as an example” as the subject of the thesis. I would like to take the three attributes of “interaction satisfaction”, “substance satisfaction” and “supporting service satisfaction” as major concepts to develop the measurement index for agricultural products wholesale market IT outsourcing. This study finds that the type of produces, budget of IT outsourcing, time limit of system development, and installation all influence user satisfaction. After investigation and analysis of the four wholesale markets of fruit and vegetable, flower and plant, meat, and fish, I find the following. First of all, regarding the scope of IT outsourcing in comparison with user satisfaction, I find that there are significant differences in the following five categories. These five categories are “more user involvement”, “sufficient understanding of the whole system development”, “vendor delivers the system on time”, “system functionalities comply with contract” and “user friendliness”. The bigger the scope of outsourcing, the lesser the user satisfaction. Secondly, regarding the budget and time limit, in the interaction satisfaction for ”sufficient understanding of the whole system” study, the budget of IT outsourcing that exceeds NT10,000,000 gets less user satisfaction than those of budget less than NT10,000,000. Regarding the system development timeline, user tends to be more satisfied with those duration of more than one year in turns of vendor supply system stability and security than those of less than one year. On the contrary, the user of less than one year gets more satisfaction in the vendor performing their system maintenance. Using these user satisfaction frameworks to verify the satisfaction of enterprise IT outsourcing, I find the framework is quite workable too. There are twenty topic items in the measurement for satisfaction attributes. Among these twenty items, there are six in interaction satisfaction, seven items in substance satisfaction and seven in supporting service satisfaction. After carefully inspection of tolerance and effectiveness, the result is quite good. The measurement index actually can be used as a reliable and effective measurement table to measure the user satisfaction of farm produce IT outsourcing.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
系統工程暨造船學系
103
In this study, develop a new way to orders of ICT technology. The interface clear and easy to understand and intuitive. Customers can order with the program easily to replace the traditional telephone orders or the answering machine orders. The object is reduce the error rate, reduce the burden and accelerate ordering process. Application of Information and Communication Technology to develop the return policy system, and for the return of the sudden uncertainty to do surveillance. Search the information of returned goods and picture the status of returned goods at first time. The company to rely the information to accelerate the subsequent return process.

碩士
靜宜大學
企業管理學系
88
China market attracts a huge number of companies in the whole world. These companies desire to know how to develop their wholesale business in socialism China. This research takes the shoes wholesale business as an example to understand wholesale distributions of all other consumer goods in China. China has not yet completely opened its market, only thirty-five large or midden-sized cities have started the distribution of consumer goods under a testing basis. It is expected that the market will be open even further and in faster pace when China becomes a member of World Trade Organization (WTO). This research is to understand the basis of the wholesale distribution system in China under the legal constraints. From the viewpoint of wholesale distribution, China could be partitioned into seven market regions. The current situations of private shoes wholesale business in China and their problems are studied in four issues: marketing, physical distribution, monetary flow, and information flow. Some suggestions are raised for improvement. Ad-and disadvantages are listed in reference to possible directions of future develop plans.

碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
107
In Taipei, the First Vegetables and Fruits Wholesale Market is very prosperous; it offers a variety of veges and fruits to Taipei Community. Researchers emphasize the conformation of vegetable price, try to analyze the social relationship, networks, embeddedness in the transaction process, and probe whether social network and relationship influence vegetable price and trading rules. The research indicates that Taipei First Wholesale Market consists of many different actors, and they are connected to each other. In the agent system, actors cooperate with each other on the basis of trust and then establish a stable network structure. On one hand, action takers can't work separately though they are independent individuals; on the other hand, most of the action takers are quite familiar with each other. As a result, they take advantage of the networks to create more economic profit and keep the networks stable and firm. Although the auction system also helps to stabilize transaction, the social relationships of actors are not cut off. Auction system can’t avoid social factors or social relations interfering transaction process; that is to say, action takers can control price. Veges auction loses its important function to keep transaction fair. Risk is the main point of this thesis as well. While facing risky problems, such as uncertain quality and price fluctuation, action takers will not break the relationships between each other; instead, they compensate losses for their customer to keep transaction stable, and then earn more benefit. However, there is no solution to solving bad debt issues since action takers are not willing to trust the lengthy judicial approaches. They lose confidence in laws, tending to use personal strategies to deal with this risk.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學系
85
Cross-border transfer of knowledge system is vital to the success of a company''s international operation, especially for service industries in which operational knowledge is a source of competitive advantages. This research attempts to investigate strategic contents of organizational knowledge system, cross- border transfer and absorption processes, contingent factors affecting outcomes of this process in the context of wholesaler club business. Based on three streams of existing theories, i. e., resources-based theory of firms, technology transfer, organizational learning, and extensive field works which based on two joint ventures in Taiwan, this study offers a comprehensive framework with detail accompanying propositions on cross-border transfer of knowledge system. Within this framework, we pinpoints several factors that are critical to the process of knowledge transfer from headquarters to subsidiaries. They are cross-culture and industry environment, international strategy of host company, managerial environment of subsidiaries, the nature of knowledge (professional degree), and competitors. Meanwhile, we highlights two dilemmas that are intriguing to the management of international knowledge transfer and absorption process. One is the dilemma between the need of knowledge localization and the completeness of knowledge transfer. The other is the need of transfer efficiency and the risk of knowledge spill-over. Both create critical managerial challenges in cross-border stretch of organizational capabilities. Finally, Some practical suggestions are furnished.