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1
Koreneva, Elena. „ANALYSIS OF COMBINED PLATES WITH ALLOWANCE FOR CONTACT WITH ELASTIC FOUNDATION“. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 15, Nr. 4 (29.12.2019): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2019-15-4-83-87.
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The paper covers the problems of combined plates with circular base and consisting of a few sections with different laws of thickness variation. Analytical methods of analysis of similar structures are not yet developed. The present work suggests the analytical method for solving of the stated problems, the contact with the elastic subgrade is also considered. The above-mentioned approach is shown on the example of the analysis of the bottom of the cylindrical reservoir, resting on the elastic subgrade. The inner part of this construction is represented by the ring plate of variable thickness which increases along the direction from the internal boundary. The outer part is represented by the ring plate of the constant thickness. The influence of the elastic basis and the upper part of the reservoir is taken into consideration. The solutions for stresses and deflections of the combined plate are given in closed form in terms of Bessel functions. The conditions of the plate’s sections conjugation are fulfilled.
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de Melo Resende, Viviane. „Discursive representation and violation of homeless people’s rights: Symbolic violence in Brazilian online journalism“. Discourse & Communication 10, Nr. 6 (07.11.2016): 596–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481316674778.
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This article is part of the research project ‘Representação midiática da violação de direitos e da violência contra pessoas em situação de rua no jornalismo on-line’, associated with Red Latinoamericana de Análisis Crítico del Discurso de la Extrema Pobreza (REDLAD), and focuses upon the ways in which electronic news media represent homeless people in Brazil. The focus is a pair of texts, related through internal hyperlinks, about the controversy concerning the installation of a social center in a middle-class neighborhood in central Sao Paulo. The texts are analyzed on the theoretical basis of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and considering the following analytical categories: metaphor, representation of social actors and intertextuality. Analyses show a scenario of ‘invasion by unwelcome people’, who are not perceived as rights holders, but as a threat to the rights of others.
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Gritsenko, V. V., O. S. Pavlova, N. V. Tkachenko, S. A. Usubian, O. E. Khukhlaev und V. A. Shorohova. „The analysis of foreign empirical models of intercultural competence and methods for its evaluation (Part 2)“. Современная зарубежная психология 9, Nr. 3 (2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090310.
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The article is the second analytical review about foreign empirical models of intercultural competence and psychodiagnostic methods developed on their basis, which have been tested for reliability and validity in foreign psychology. Here the analysis is presented of five approaches to intercultural competence and the results of its research. This article also describes the structure of subject-oriented, i.e. focused dominantly on the assessment of intercultural traits, or intercultural relations and worldviews, or intercultural possibilities, and mixed models, i.e. combined character traits, worldviews and possibilities. It is emphasized that the complexity of mixed models makes it possible to consider individual components of cross-cultural competence not as independent predictors of the effectiveness of cross-cultural efficiency, but in their relationship. This raises the question of the ratio of these components, their mutual conditionality and impact on each other and on intercultural competence in general, which has not yet been properly answered in science and whose resolution represents a promising direction for future research in this area.
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Gómez‐Treviño, Enrique, Francisco J. Esparza und Sóstenes Méndez‐Delgado. „New theoretical and practical aspects of electromagnetic soundings at low induction numbers“. GEOPHYSICS 67, Nr. 5 (September 2002): 1441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512744.
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This paper presents a theoretical yet practical study of electromagnetic (EM) soundings at low induction numbers for vertical and horizontal magnetic dipoles. The physical model is a heterogeneous half‐space with arbitrary vertical conductivity variations. The study comprises a novel approach for solving forward problems, analytical formulas for inversion, and a practical algorithm for recovering conductivity variations from field measurements. The basis of the theoretical approach is a series representation of the EM field in terms of ascending powers of frequency. At low induction numbers only two terms are required. When substituted into Maxwell's equations, one term in the series can be obtained in terms of the other. Furthermore, if the electrical conductivity varies only with depth, the imaginary part of the field can be obtained from its real part through a differential equation. The real part, which corresponds to zero frequency, plays the role of a distributed source for the frequency‐dependent imaginary part. In the case of vertical magnetic dipoles, the approach applies directly to the real and imaginary components of the magnetic field, while for horizontal dipoles one must use the Hertz potential, but the procedure is exactly the same. In each case this leads to a statement of the forward problem as the solution of a real differential equation. The solutions are integral expressions valid for arbitrary conductivity profiles. Assuming that these expressions represent integral equations for conductivity, analytical inverse formulas are derived for both vertical and horizontal dipoles. These formulas ensure a unique recovery of the conductivity profile under ideal conditions. An algorithm based on linear programming offers a variety of practical advantages for the inversion of field data. Numerical experiments and applications to field data illustrate the performance of the algorithm.
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Caravale, Giovanni A. „Demand Conditions and the Interpretation of Ricardo“. Journal of the History of Economic Thought 16, Nr. 2 (1994): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200001966.
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Kenneth J. Arrow's recent article on Ricardian theory (Arrow 1991) represents the occasion for a renewed discussion of the basic building blocks of the classics' analytical scheme and of the role of demand conditions in this context. Arrow's argument pivots around two ideas: that Ricardo's theory is built without any reference to demand, and that the role of demand can be conceived of only within the logical context of neoclassical demand functions, which are absent in Ricardo, thus making his theoretical scheme irremediably weak. These ideas form the basis of a drastically dichotomized representation on the part of Arrow of current interpretations of Ricardo. On the one hand are the neoclassical-type views, epitomized by his own position, with their emphasis on the allocation problem; on the other hand are the purely cost-oriented neo-Ricardian interpretations, with their strongly Marxist ideological bias.
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FAGANEL, ROMAN, und DRAGOMIR ČEVRIZ. „ANALITIČNI PRISTOP K NAČRTOVANJU VIROV IN SPREJEMANJU ODLOČITEV V OBRAMBNEM SISTEMU“. SECURITY FORCES OF THE FUTURE/VARNOSTNE SILE PRIHODNOSTI, VOLUME 2017 ISSUE 19/4 (15.11.2017): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.19.4.5.
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Povzetek V prispevku opredeljujemo ožji koncept načrtovanja obrambnih virov (poudarek je na finančnih virih), ki temelji na dejanjih in rezultatih ter presega odločitve le na podlagi intuicije za doseganje boljših rezultatov pri odločanju, razporejanju in načrtovanju vojaških sredstev ter zmogljivosti. Viri v sodobnih vojaških organizacijah so omejeni in prav njihova načrtna/namenska dodelitev in racionalna izraba oziroma poraba predstavlja velik izziv sodobnega načrtovanja. Za doseganje optimalnih rezultatov je zelo pomembno razumevanje in poznavanje obstoječih virov, njihovo razporejanje in upravljanje znotraj vojaške organizacije. Nepravilno razporejeni viri prinašajo dodatne negativne posledice, kot so višji stroški, tehnološki zaostanek in zmanjševanje možnosti reševanja življenj. Z analitičnim pristopom upravljanja se oblikuje temeljna podlaga za raziskovanje vzrokov, procesov in pojavov odstopanj od načrtovanja virov skozi kratkoročna, srednjeročna in dolgoročna obdobja obrambnega načrtovanja. Predstavljena je metodologija procesa obrambnega načrtovanja, ki je osredotočena predvsem na kvantitativne pristope kot komplementarni del kvalitativnemu segmentu raziskovanja. Ključne besede: Upravljanje virov, intuicija, analiza stroškov in koristi, ekonomska analiza, matematični analitični modeli, proces odločanja. Abstract In the article, we define a narrow concept of defence expenditure planning (with the emphasis on financial resources), which is based on the acts and results and exceeds intuition-based decisions and achieve better results in decision making, allocating and planning of military assets and capabilities. Resources in modern military organizations are limited and it is their planned or eligible allocation and rational use and consumption that represent a major challenge in modern planning. In order to achieve optimum results, understanding and awareness of the existing resources, their allocation and management within a military organization are crucial. Incorrectly allocated resources bring additional adverse consequences, such as higher costs, technological backlog and reduced possibility of saving lives. An analytical management approach creates the basis for exploring the causes, processes and phenomena of deviations from resource planning through short-term, medium-term and long-term defence planning periods. The article presents the methodology of the defence planning process, which is mainly focused on quantitative approaches as a complementary part of the qualitative research segment. Key words: Resource management, intuition, cost-benefit analysis, economic analysis, mathematical analytical models, decision-making process.
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Grigaravičiūté, Sandra. „Diplomacy of the Concil of Lithuania in Entente powers“. Sabiedrība un kultūra: rakstu krājums = Society and Culture: conference proceedings, Nr. XXII (06.01.2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/sk.2020.22.055.
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The research reveals appointment, competence and type of activities of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania delegated to represent the Council of Lithuania, Lithuania’s interests or affairs abroad (in neutral and “belligerent countries”) from 22 October 1917 to 11 November 1918. The Entente Powers include the United States, Great Britain, France and also Italy in some cases. Russia, which also belonged to the Entente, is left outside the scope of the research, because after Soviet Russia signed the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918), it did no longer fight on the side of the Entente. The research on the diplomacy of the Council of Lithuania in the Entente Powers was carried out on the basis of published (press, memoirs, published documents) and unpublished sources (from the Lithuanian Central State Archives, Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences). The study employed the methods of analysis and comparison, the descriptive method, and the comparison of sources and literature. While processing the primary sources, in particular in French and German languages, the logistic-analytical method was applied (the notional content and information analysis was carried out). The research consists of two parts. In the first part of investigation the author analyzes the appointment and competence of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania in neutral and “belligerent countries” and concludes, that the analysis of the circumstances of appointment and chronology of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania in neutral and “belligerent countries” as well as the content of their authorizations made it clear that permanent authorized representatives, Juozas Purickis and Vladas Daumanatas-Dzimidavičius, who were appointed on 22 October 1917, had their residence in Lausanne and constituted a part of the collegial body of Lithuanian National Council, were authorized to represent the Council of Lithuania; however, only Purickis’ authorization included the phrase “to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad”; there was no indication as to what countries were meant. An equivalent wording – “to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad” – was also included in the texts of authorizations of non-permanent authorized representatives – Augustinas Voldemaras and Konstantinas Olšauskas. The material contained in the minutes of the meetings of the Council of Lithuania entails that “representation in belligerent countries” also meant representation in the Entente Powers, though no direct indication was included. In the second part of the study the author reveals the specific type of activities of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania (October 1917 – November 1918) and states, that Permanent representatives of the Council of Lithuania, who were based in Lausanne and formed a part of the collegial Lithuanian National Council, did not always coordinate their diplomatic steps in the Entente Powers or in their embassies in Bern; hence, the Council of Lithuania had to deny or dissociate itself from certain statements made by the Lithuanian National Council (in Lausanne) (the declaration of separation from Russia of 25 December 1917; the protest telegram of June 1918). Both permanent and non-permanent representatives of the Council of Lithuania authorized to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad shared the same goal of seeking “the recognition of the right to self-determination for the Lithuanian nation” and the recognition of independence declared by the Council of Lithuania (on the basis of Part I of the Act of 11 December 1917 and the Act of 16 February 1918).
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Shutan, M. I. „On the two-part poems of F.I. Tyutchev’s“. Literature at School, Nr. 4, 2020 (2020): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/0130-3414-2020-4-20-32.
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The article presents a typology of Tyutchev’s two-part poems, created on the basis of revealing the nature of semantic relations between their compositional elements. These are poems: 1) ith a philosophical or moral-psychological generalization in the second part, which does not just reform the content that is already clear to the reader, but reveals its meaning in the language of concepts and images (the implicit form and various variants of the explicit form: a common motif that binds the parts together; a dialogue; a chain of rhetorical questions; a persona’s consciousness, contemplating and ranking a lyrical character as the artistic center of the lyrical structure); 2) with the psychological gesture in the second part that conveys the desire of certain actions, able to change something in reality or in the inner world of the lyrical “I”; 3) with parallelism of human and nature, implemented mostly through the expanded comparison without, as a rule, a complete analogy (situation: the lyrical hero contemplates a particular material object – and an association with the world of the human soul comes to their mind); 4) with the contrast of objects of nature, its states, human and nature, life and death. In connection with the last point, it is specifically emphasized that one should not confuse the logic of contrast with contrast as a compositional technique. In the light of the analytical and interpretative operations, the following conclusion is made: all the types of relations between the two compositional elements, noted in the article, are represented by both symmetrical and asymmetric structures corresponding to different strophic forms, which allows us to speak about the flexibility of the poet’s artistic thinking, which finds different structural models for expressing the philosophical and moral-psychological content.
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Gottschalk, L., I. Krasovskaia, E. Leblois und E. Sauquet. „Mapping mean and variance of runoff in a river basin“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10, Nr. 4 (03.07.2006): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-469-2006.
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Abstract. The study presents an approach to represent the two first order moments of temporal runoff variability as a function of catchment area and aggregation time interval, and to map them in space. The problem is divided into two steps. First, the first order moment (the long term value) is analysed and mapped applying an interpolation procedure for river runoff. In a second step a simple random model for the river runoff process is proposed for the instantaneous point runoff normalised with respect to the long term mean. From this model analytical expressions for the time-space variance-covariance of the inflow to the river network are developed, which then is used to predict how the second order moment varies along rivers from headwaters to the mouth. The observation data are handled by a hydrological information system, which allows to display the results either in the form of area dependence of moments along the river branches to the basin outlet or as a map of the variation of the moments across the basin. The findings are demonstrated by the example of the Moselle drainage basin (French part).
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Turečková, Kamila, und Jan Nevima. „The Cost Benefit Analysis for the Concept of a Smart City: How to Measure the Efficiency of Smart Solutions?“ Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (27.03.2020): 2663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072663.
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This paper is dedicated, both theoretically and conceptually, to a methodical approach towards the efficiency evaluation of proposed smart city solutions. The implementation of smart solutions in proposed projects and activities is supported by a complex assessment of benefits and costs as part of a cost benefit analysis (CBA) with the goal of maximizing the efficiency of such a solution, especially in the case of public activities for which it is typical to lack a market evaluation. A smart solution can be defined as an innovative and functional approach towards solving situations in a responsible way and with positive consequences for society. These smart solutions represent the core of the smart city concept, which together with the smart region concept presents a new economic domain where new markets or market segments offering innovative and intelligent (tangible and intangible) solutions for said cities and regions can be developed. CBA and feasibility analyses represent suitable tools for evaluation of socially and economically acceptable projects and their implementation in real life. The efficiency of these solutions is then proved by benefit and cost comparisons under the condition that these outcomes are acceptable for all stakeholders. Methodically, the paper is structured inductively. The detailed literature review provides the basis for a formulation of general principles of using a CBA for innovative smart city solution efficiency evaluations based on chosen cases, for example, from the Moravia Silesian region. Due to the originality of each submitted project, it is possible to use this proposed methodical approach of CBA applications as a primary analytical frame and it is necessary to add the specific attributes of each solution that is being evaluated.
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Kulikov, Sergey B. „Russian agon and the quest for theoretical sociology“. foresight 19, Nr. 4 (14.08.2017): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-12-2016-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to represent an epistemological analysis of Russian sociological scholarship. Design/methodology/approach The analytical approach that allows reducing the particular representations within the sum of propositions is the methodological base of the paper. Clearing of propositional attitudes explains the basic communications in a thought of researchers. The circle of grounds available to achievement of intuitively noticed purposes defines the preferences of researchers in general. Findings The author proves that the theoretical developments in the Russian sociology are possible as a derivative from the development of questions, which are raised nowadays in worldwide science, but possible in a view of original development of questions, which were raised in worldwide science in the past. Research limitations/implications The Russian sociology represents a part of the European humanities, which is based on the various forms of theoretical combat or agonality. Practical implications The author shows the ways out of the theoretical combat or agonality. Social implications The research clarifies the perspectives for increasing of the knowledge-based society in Russia. The author analyzes the concept of Russia as a paradigmatic society, particularly in the context of transition economies. Originality/value In general, the author concludes that the pro-argument with respect to theoretical developments is weaker than the contra-argument with respect to theoretical developments. This paper has revealed the model within which extreme positions can be reconciled.
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Zhu, Xiaojun, Zheng Zhang, Jian Ruan, Houde Liu und Hanxu Sun. „ResSANet: Learning Geometric Information for Point Cloud Processing“. Sensors 21, Nr. 9 (06.05.2021): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093227.
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Point clouds with rich local geometric information have potentially huge implications in several applications, especially in areas of robotic manipulation and autonomous driving. However, most point cloud processing methods cannot extract enough geometric features from a raw point cloud, which restricts the performance of their downstream tasks such as point cloud classification, shape retrieval and part segmentation. In this paper, the authors propose a new method where a convolution based on geometric primitives is adopted to accurately represent the elusive shape in the form of a point cloud to fully extract hidden geometric features. The key idea of the proposed approach is building a brand-new convolution net named ResSANet on the basis of geometric primitives to learn hierarchical geometry information. Two different modules are devised in our network, Res-SA and ResSA2, to achieve feature fusion at different levels in ResSANet. This work achieves classification accuracy up to 93.2% on the ModelNet40 dataset and the shape retrieval with an effect of 87.4%. The part segmentation experiment also achieves an accuracy of 83.3% (class mIoU) and 85.3% (instance mIoU) on ShapeNet dataset. It is worth mentioning that the number of parameters in this work is just 1.04 M while the network depth is minimal. Experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that our approach can achieve superior performance.
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Ginsberg, J. H., und Kuangcheng Wu. „Nonaxisymmetric Acoustic Radiation and Scattering From Rigid Bodies of Revolution Using the Surface Variational Principle“. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893832.
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The surface variational principle (SVP), which represents the surface response as a series of basis functions spanning the entire surface, provides a global description of acoustic fluid-structure interaction that has many of the benefits associated with analytical methods. This paper describes the extension of SVP to model the interaction between the velocity and pressure on the surface of an axisymmetric body subjected to nonaxisymmetric excitation. Problems addressed are radiation due to arbitrary rigid body motion, and scattering associated with arbitrary incidence of a plane wave on a stationary rigid body. Numerical results are presented for flat-ended and hemi-capped cylinders. These results are compared to those obtained from the CHIEF-88 and SHIP-92 computer codes. The convergence properties of SVP are examined in detail, particularly for its requirements when ka is in the upper part of the mid-frequency range.
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Haxhiu, Valdrin. „Decision making based on data analyses using data warehouses“. International Journal of Business & Technology 6, Nr. 3 (01.05.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2018.6.3.04.
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Data warehouses are a collection of several databases, whose goal is to help different companies and corporations make important decisions about their activities. These decisions are taken from the analyses that are made to the data within the data warehouse. These data are taken from data that companies and corporations collect on daily basis from their branches that may be located in different cities, regions, states and continents. Data that are entered to data warehouses are historical data and they represent that part of data that is important for making decisions. These data go under a transformation process in order to accommodate with the structure of the objects within the databases in the data warehouse. This is done because the structure of the relational databases is not similar with the structure of the databases (multidimensional databases) within the data warehouse. The first ones are optimized for transactions on daily basis like: entering, changing, deleting and retrieving data through simple queries, the second ones are optimized for retrieving data through multidimensional queries, which enable us to extract important information. This information helps to make important decisions by learning which are the weak points and the strong points of the company, in order to invest more on the weak points and to strengthen the strong points, increasing the profits of the company. The goal of this paper is to treat data analyses for decision making from a data warehouse by using OLAP (online analytical processing) analysis. For this treatment we used the Analysis Services of Microsoft SQL Server 2016 platform. We analyzed the data of an IT Store with branches in different cities in Kosovo and came to a conclusion for some sales trends. This paper emphasizes the role of data warehouses in decision making.
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Vidhya, B., und K. N. Srinivas. „Small Scale Wind Generation System: Part I – Experimental Verification Of Flux Reversal Generator Block“. International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, Nr. 1 (01.04.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i1.pp1-12.
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<p>This research work, titled Small Scale Wind Generation System, reported in part I and part II, proposes modeling, analysis and control of a small scale wind energy conversion system employing a direct driven Flux Reversal Generator (FRG) connected to the micro grid through a Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (QZSI). The application of QZSI using FRG to feed micro grid is proposed for the first time in this research work. The QZSI can realize buck/boost, inversion and power conditioning in a single stage with improved reliability. Also it features a wide range of voltage gain which is suitable for applications in wind systems, due to the fact that the wind generator output varies widely with wind velocity. In addition, the modified Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) technique is proposed in this paper to satisfy the shoot-through characteristic of QZSI. This also adds to the contribution of this research work. In this part I of this full research, modelling of the small scale FRG for wind system using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is presented. The major parameter of FRG viz, voltage, current, torque and power are analyzed, validated and then represented in d-q model. The simulation results are validated with the analytical results. An experimental set-up to run the full procedure reported in this paper. These results form the basis for part II of this research work.</p>
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Kusliy, Petr S. „Formal Semantics and the Structure of Meaning“. Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, Nr. 8 (01.12.2020): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-8-34-46.
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The article discusses the reasons why modern formal semantics of natural language is an integral part of a larger philosophical research program for the study of the nature of intentionality. The purpose of this article is to show how research in the field of formal semantics of natural language became the implementation of a large philosophical research program that is focused on the nature of intentional objects, which since the time of F. Brentano have been considered an integral part of mental phenomena. Mental phenomena are opposed to physical phenomena due to their inherent intentionality (being focused on an object). In modern philosophy, it is commonly considered that the comprehension of the nature of intentionality is the key to understanding the nature of consciousness, and, consequently, the nature of man. The article shows that formal semantics represents the structure of the meaning of linguistic expressions, with the help of which human thought is formed, which is one of the main objects of intentional consciousness. In formal semantics, this representation is carried out in a rigorous, systematic, and empirically verifiable way on the basis of natural languages, that is, on those symbolic systems that real people use in real practice to shape their thoughts. The research is based on the works of G. Frege, who laid the foundation for the formal-semantic methodology. Thus, the answer is given to the question of why modern formal linguistics, which originates in the analytical philosophy of the 20th century, is a philosophically significant discipline. This response is a reaction to the objections of skeptics who believe that modern analytic philosophy cannot be considered a direction that has any serious philosophical significance.
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Mcadams, A. James. „Germany after Unification: Normal at Last?“ World Politics 49, Nr. 2 (Januar 1997): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.1997.0003.
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Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the concept of “normalcy” has occupied a prominent place in the pronouncements of Germany's most powerful politicians and policy makers. In addition, it has also suffused much of the emerging literature on the domestic and international implications of German unification. Some observers argue that unification embodies the call to normalcy, offering Germany's leaders the opportunity to put their nation's past behind them. Others treat the events of 1989–90 as part of an ongoing challenge to German identity. Finally, a third group of scholars regards the invocation of German unity as an excuse for papering over the crimes of the Nazi past. Although there is no a priori basis for considering any one of these approaches the most appropriate for assessing contemporary German affairs, this does not mean one's choice of terms is totally arbitrary. If German normalcy is to mean anything analytically, it must minimally represent an attainable and worthy goal to which the leaders of the Federal Republic can aspire in their efforts to make Germany more like other European states.
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Richard, Pierre. „Végétation tardiglaciaire au Québec méridional et implications paléoclimatiques“. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 31, Nr. 1-2 (09.12.2010): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000062ar.
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Recent pollen-analytical data allow a detailed reconstruction of the initial vegetation which followed the final retreat of the Wisconsinan ice sheet. The general scheme is the following. A period of periglacial desert was replaced more or less rapidly by tundra vegetation. Afforestation of the landscape proceeded either through a taïga phase, represented by a lichen — black spruce woodland, or by the establishment of an aspen parkland. Several postglacial vegetation types followed. The paleoclimatic interpretation of the data indicates severe climatic conditions around 11 400 BP at Mount Shefford, and around 7200 BP in the southern part of Laurentides Provincial Park. It has not yet been possible to show evidence for a climatic oscillation during the late-Glacial of Quebec, which appears very metachroneous. This metachroneity seems to be caused by the differences in altitude of the main physiographic regions and does not seem to correspond to the metachroneity in the ice retreat of the Wisconsinan ice sheet, view, there is now a firm basis to the statement that vegetation similar to the present-day tundra occupied a broad area in front of the ice sheet. Future research should define the duration and extension of the tundra on one hand, and on the other hand increase knowledge of its paleoclimatic significance.
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Barančíková, Gabriela, und Jarmila Makovníková. „COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATION“. Polish Journal of Soil Science 48, Nr. 1 (09.02.2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2015.48.1.47.
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<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the basic soil parameters which takes part in many biological, chemical and physical soil processes and the SOC is currently considered as a key indicator of soil quality. For this reason determination of the SOC is a part of soil complex monitoring which has been performed in Slovakia since 1993. From 1993 until 2007 the “wet” method of determination of the SOC was used. Since 2008 the “dry” method for determination of the SOC has been applied. The goal of this work has been to evaluate and compare two methods of the SOC determination; the “wet”(Ťiurin method in modification of Nikitin (TN)) and the “dry” determination of the SOC by means of the CN analyser (EA), which was performed on 95 soil samples of topsoil coming from 17 sampling sites with a wide range of the SOC (1–15%). Sampling sites include arable lands and grasslands and represent main soil types and subtypes of Slovakia. On the basis of statistical processing it has been found that in soils with the SOC content up to 3%, differences between two methods are minimal. However, in the case of a higher content of the SOC, the EA method reaches a higher value than the TN method. Obtained data shows that in the case of soil samples with a higher content of the SOC, when changing an analytical method, the PTF function that reduces differences and allows to use all time series monitoring data should be used for the purpose of the tracking trends of the SOC monitoring.</p><p> </p><p>Celem pracy było porównanie wyników oznaczania węgla organicznego (SOC) w próbkach gleb dwoma metodami: spalania „na mokro“ (Tiurina) oraz spalania „na sucho“ w autoanalizatorzee CN. Analizowano 95 próbek gleb z 17 miejsc kompleksowego monitoringu gleb Słowacji, o zwawartości węgla organicznego od 1 do 15%. Analiza statystyczna wykazała, że różnice wyników oznaczania SOC dwoma metodami w próbkach o zawarości węgla do 3% nie były istotne statystycznie. Dla próbek o wyższej zawartości SOC, wyniki uzyskane metodą spalania „na sucho“ były istotnie wyższe niż uzyskane metodą Tiurina, dlatego do celów porównawczych zawartości SOC w tych glebach oznaczonych różnymi metodami należy stosować odpowiednie przeliczniki.</p>
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Kotilainen, Kirsi, Pami Aalto, Jussi Valta, Antti Rautiainen, Matti Kojo und Benjamin K. Sovacool. „From path dependence to policy mixes for Nordic electric mobility: Lessons for accelerating future transport transitions“. Policy Sciences 52, Nr. 4 (07.11.2019): 573–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-019-09361-3.
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Abstract We examine the problem of how to accelerate policies related to electric vehicles (EVs) in the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. These four Nordic countries represent an interesting collection of cases by virtue of having common decarbonization targets extending to the transport sector, interlinked electric energy systems and a joint electricity market largely based on low-carbon energy while they are open societies bent on innovation, making them well adaptable to a transition toward electric mobility. Our analytical framework drawing from transition research, lock-in and path dependency and institutionalism enables us to discern technological, institutional and behavioral mechanisms which can have both constraining and enabling effects vis-à-vis this transition by means of shaping national socio-technical systems and regimes. On this basis, we also discuss how to develop policies accelerating the transition. We find that the incumbent industries can shape policy choice through the lock-in into institutional inter-dependencies. The accumulation of social and material features, and vested interests of actors, for its part can maintain regime level inertia, impeding the transition. Yet, technological lock-in can also enable EVs, by means of learning effects from technologically interrelated wind energy projects and available infrastructure in buildings that support the EV charging needs. Overall, the complexity of path-dependent mechanisms embedded in the dominant regimes, together with the diversity of emerging policy mixes, demands attention both on the technologies and broader socio-technical systems in order to properly assess the prospects of transition toward electric mobility.
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Rühlemann, Christoph, und Martin Hilpert. „Colloquialization in journalistic writing“. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18, Nr. 1 (13.10.2017): 104–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.18.1.05ruh.
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Abstract Recent analyses of written text types have discovered significant frequency increases of colloquial or conversational elements, such as contractions, personal pronouns, questions or the progressive. This trend is often referred to as colloquialization. This paper presents a new perspective on colloquialization, with a special focus on the discourse marker well. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, we present new evidence of colloquialization on the basis of the TIME Magazine Corpus (Davies 2007), which allows analyses of diachronic change in recent written American English. The focus of our analysis is on highly frequent “inserts” (Biber et al. 1999: 56), which are elements such as discourse markers (e.g., well and oh), backchannels (yeah, uh-huh, etc.), and hesitators (uh and um, etc.). We conclude that inserts significantly increase diachronically in TIME. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the element well in its function as a discourse marker. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analytical steps, we analyze its diachronic development in terms of its structural contexts and its pragmatic functions, fleshing out how the process of colloquialization has affected its usage in recent written American English. We argue that the integration of corpus linguistic and pragmatic methods in this case study represents a new step towards the field of corpus pragmatics, that is, “the rapprochement between corpus linguistics and pragmatics and an integration of their key methodologies” (Rühlemann and Aijmer 2014: 23).
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Penev, Goran, und Biljana Stankovic. „Widowed persons in Serbia: Change in number and general demographic characteristics (1980-2016)“. Stanovnistvo 56, Nr. 1 (2018): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv171111001p.
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Widowed persons represent a vulnerable population group, especially because the loss of a spouse is usually a part of old people?s experience. In old age, people are typically faced with multiple constraints, related to health, financial resources, family and other social relationships. Changes that accompany the death of spouse and widowhood are generally long-term and largely negative for many widowed persons. With advanced population ageing, the share of the widowed in the total population is increasing, and this is also true for Serbia. With a crude widowhood rate of 11.7% in 2011, Serbia is at the very top of the list of European countries and has the highest widowhood rate of men (5.2%). However, widowhood primarily affects women, and 78% of the widowed in Serbia are widows. This paper analyses the widowhood in Serbia from 1980 to 2016. The main objective is to describe the trends and characteristics of widowed persons in this period. This article is primarily based on the analysis of previously unpublished census results and vital statistics data. In Serbia, in the period of 1981-2011, there was a continuous increase in the number of widowed persons and in 2011 it was 37.5% higher than 30 years before. Furthermore, the share of the widowed in the total population increased significantly (from 8.5% to 11.7%). Widowhood is considerably more present among women and the elderly. More than four fifths of the widowed are older than 60 years, and the values of all used demographic indicators of widowhood are three or four times higher in women. The authors mention the noticeable decrease in remarriage among widowed persons and a major decrease in the nuptiality rate of the widowed, especially among widowers. The observed educational structure of the widowed shows a higher percentage of persons with a lower educational level. Another significant finding was that the widowed represent half of the total number of people who live alone in one-person households. Among them, more than four fifths are 65 years old or older, and a full half are older than 75. The authors concluded that further quantitative and qualitative studies of demographic, but also social, psychological, health and other aspects of the widowed in Serbia are needed. Additionally, these results can represent the analytical basis for policy makers to identify needs and define different measures and actions directed towards the elderly, among which widowed persons, and especially widowers, are particularly vulnerable categories.
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Kashefi Khishan, Razieh, und Maryam Iraji. „Study of the Effects of Frequency on the Compression Process in Old and New Persian Dialogues in the Bybee Phonological Framework“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 10 (05.10.2019): 1576–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v10i0.8453.
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The purpose of this research is an analytical analysis of the compression process (including deletion and merging) in old cinematic films compared to new cinematic films in Persian language. The old cinematic films selected for this study include two films, "Kaiser" and "Treasure of the Qaroon," and new cinematic films that examine two films," Life+1 Day "and “Lottery.” The theoretical framework has been used in Cognitive Phonology, Bybee (1999). The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical, and data collection is in library method. All the data has been pulled out from the dialouge of films, which been examined the compression process in the old and new films separately. In this research, we first examine the Utterance and discourse of the intended films in detail. At the end of the work, the elements of the Persian language are analyzed. The results indicate that the compression process in Persian language films has been araised, and in cases where more compressions have been done, their frequency has been higher. That is, in " Life+1 Day and “Lottery’s film, there are more compression processes than "Kaiser" and Treasure of the Qaroon’s film. The fact that the two categories of nouns and verbs are part of the basic entity of a phrase, such that if these categories are frequent then they are compressed or eliminated. On the other hand, the presence of an adjective, adverb, or letter to describe the replacement of noun or verb in the conceptual connection, which is sufficient to represent them, and this will support with Bybee's view point. So the compression, deleting or merging processes in data has shown less frequently.
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Rahman, Sk, Adil Rasheed und Omer San. „A Hybrid Analytics Paradigm Combining Physics-Based Modeling and Data-Driven Modeling to Accelerate Incompressible Flow Solvers“. Fluids 3, Nr. 3 (18.07.2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids3030050.
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Numerical solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations poses a significant computational challenge due to the solenoidal velocity field constraint. In most computational modeling frameworks, this divergence-free constraint requires the solution of a Poisson equation at every step of the underlying time integration algorithm, which constitutes the major component of the computational expense. In this study, we propose a hybrid analytics procedure combining a data-driven approach with a physics-based simulation technique to accelerate the computation of incompressible flows. In our approach, proper orthogonal basis functions are generated to be used in solving the Poisson equation in a reduced order space. Since the time integration of the advection–diffusion equation part of the physics-based model is computationally inexpensive in a typical incompressible flow solver, it is retained in the full order space to represent the dynamics more accurately. Encoder and decoder interface conditions are provided by incorporating the elliptic constraint along with the data exchange between the full order and reduced order spaces. We investigate the feasibility of the proposed method by solving the Taylor–Green vortex decaying problem, and it is found that a remarkable speed-up can be achieved while retaining a similar accuracy with respect to the full order model.
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KAZAKOV, Mikhail, Vladimir GLADILIN, Alla MIROKHINA, Elena DRANNIKOVA und Galina NAROZHNAYA. „System Diagnostics and Monitoring of Socio-Economic and Tourist Potential of Peripheral Territories of the Region“. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, Nr. 2 (30.06.2018): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.2(26).08.
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The paper defines a heuristic task to formulate and approve methodological provisions on the system diagnostics and monitoring of the socio-economic and tourist potential of peripheral territories in the regions which are the basis for planning and implementing spatial and economic transformations. This area of scientific and methodological research and development is relevant because of the need for searching reserves for the advancement of territories based on the inventory taking and the fullest use of available resource opportunities. In this regard, the article has improved the organizational and methodological approaches to conduct monitoring as a part of a comprehensive system diagnostics of peripheral territories of the region based on analytical criteria for socio-economic and tourist potential. The authors formulated a semantic and economic interpretation of the findings and outlined the prospects for using them when forming socio-economic development policy of regions and their economy sectors. The scientific novelty of the present article consists in development of elements of system research and diagnostic methodology with respect to development potential of peripheral areas, based on the analysis of the socio-economic and tourism factors. The combination of results and recommendations represents a contribution to the scientific substantiation of spatial and sectoral analysis.
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Folic, Branislav. „The contribution to the research into the role of Bogdan Bogdanovic in the creation of the New School of architecture in Belgrade“. Spatium, Nr. 27 (2012): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1227019f.
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Following student protests in 1968, the reform of universities began in Yugoslavia. The idea of the humanization of architectural profession and the reform of Belgrade Faculty of Architecture towards the environmental studies was launched. The article examines the impact of the New School on the humanization of the architectural profession as part of a general movement to humanize the society of the sixties, as well as the significant role of Bogdan Bogdanovic in the realisation of such an endeavour. First steps towards creating a New School could be foreseen in Bogdan Bogdanovic's text Arhitektura je nauka (The Architecture is a Science) in 1969, which suggests the introduction of the humanistic disciplines in architectural education as well as in the analytical texts of Professor Branislav Milenkovic ?O nastavi na arhitekstonskom fakultetu? (About Teaching at the Faculty of Architecture, 1945-1968) and assistant lecturer Ranko Radovic ?Ucenje neimarstva? published in the magazine Arhitektura-urbanizam (Architecture-Town Planning) No.52 in 1968. During his stay in America, Bogdanovic gained some experience visiting multidisciplinary schools of environmental design. Analyzing the school curriculum and current trends in the education of architects, he set the basis for the application of environmental design. The reform was carried out transparently with equal participation of students, teachers and former students of the Faculty of Architecture. The team for the creation of the New School, led by Bogdan Bogdanovic, after each meeting published announcements that contained conclusions on the implementation of reforms. These announcements and processed materials represented the content basis of the New School of architecture.
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Aguiar, Leandro Guedes de, Giuliana Ap Santini Pigatto, Sandra Cristina de Oliveira und Luiz Fernando Paulillo. „Governance and Social Network: Analysis in Cooperatives of Small Citrus Producers in the São Paulo State, Brazil“. International Journal of Social Science Studies 9, Nr. 1 (28.12.2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v9i1.5074.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the network governance structure adopted by small producers’ citrus cooperatives has allowed the reduction of risks in transactions, ex-ante (adverse selection) and ex-post (moral hazard), and the problems of opportunism downstream and upstream of the production chain. The planned methodological procedure included the structuring and research of two case studies in cooperatives of small orange producers in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, comprising a sample of 35 cooperative members surveyed between the two cooperatives analyzed. The analyzes were supported by the Transaction Cost Economics and Social Network approaches. Results indicate the importance of the cooperatives and their network format, as economic agents, in maintaining small producers in the citrus industry activity, allowing the reduction of risks in transactions and the problems of opportunism, downstream and upstream of the chain. It was verified the academic contribution and theoretical reinforcement brought by this study - through the empirical surveys and results produced - to the theory of hybrid governance formats, which lacks empirical support and greater analytical strengthening on the part of the academy, according to its own authors. It is suggested, for future analysis, the use of the network governance approach aimed at strengthening the class of small producers of other agribusiness cultures, also using the theoretical basis belonging to NIE, TCE and Networks. The continuity of analyzes based on relational governance, with institutional and transactional economics as a basis, represents not only academic documentation and support for small rural producers of different cultures, but also the guarantee of theoretical robustness to a structure that is still incipient in historical terms, which finds in Brazilian agribusiness a fertile ground for its development and materialization.
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Konon, N. M. „ANALYTICAL MODELLING OF SEAKEEPING QUALITIES OF CONTAINER VESSEL“. Shipping & Navigation 30, Nr. 1 (01.12.2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/2306-5761.30.2020.78-87.
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The design of ships or any other floating systems intended to operate on or close to the surface of the sea is controlled to a large extent by what is usually referred to as seakeeping, or, in more common terminology, safety at sea. This is a primary consideration and criteria, which has to be fully met. Safety of a ship naturally includes the crew, cargo and the hull itself. Seakeeping is, indeed, a generalized term and reflects the ship's capability to survive all hazards at sea such as collision, grounding, fire, as well as heavy-weather effects related to the environment in general and waves in particular. The two most likely types of failure under these conditions are due to structural causes and capsizing resulting from insufficient stability under severe weather conditions. Such criteria as economical navigation of the ship as related to speed-keeping abilities, fuel consumption, avoidance of damage to ship components and cargo, and comfort to crew or passengers, or both, are key items. The operational limits of electronic equipment, mechanical components and weapon systems on board warships are other aspects of sea keeping. In this work it is highlighted that seakeeping is a generalized term that includes a wide variety of subjects such as ship motions (amplitudes, accelerations, phases), deck wetness, slamming, steering in waves, added resistance, hydrodynamic loadings (pressures, forces, moments) and transient loads. Since the ship environmental operability or its sea keeping characteristics are closely linked to the severity of the sea, the description of the seaway is usually considered as an integral part of sea keeping. It is taken into consideration that the severity of the sea cannot be considered in absolute terms, since for each floating system, be it a ship, a platform or a buoy, the intensity of the sea state can only be determined in terms of the system's responses. Hence, different thresholds apply to different problems, and sea state 4 may be just as severe for a small patrol craft as sea state 8 may be for a larger containership. Hence, the characteristics and frequency of occurrence of waves in specific sea zones are required if a possible reduction in the system environmental operability is expected. It is demonstrated that most texts or papers, which deal with the overall question of sea keeping, devote some attention to the basic phenomena, that is, the seaway and the motions of the ship or other floating platforms as a result of the excitation imposed by the seaway. Ship motions, as such, do not always constitute the criteria for sea keeping, and much more often other responses directly related to the magnitude and phasing of the motions or the resulting velocities and accelerations constitute the prime cause for exhibiting good or bad sea keeping qualities. Such responses could be a function of the motion only, as in the case of added resistance or hydrodynamic pressures, or they could be a function of motion and other design parameters, such as freeboard in the case of deck wetness or the longitudinal weight distribution in the case of vertical bending moments. In this work, latest methods of modeling and computation for body-wave interactions described and compared with data observed for container carrier. The foregoing calculation routine Судноводіння | Shipping & Navigation ISSN 2306-5761 | 2618-0073 30-2020 Національний університет «Одеська морська академія» 79 is fairly well accepted today among naval architects specializing in the sea keeping aspects of the ship design process. Differences between the results obtained by various techniques as presented by the available computer programs are insignificant. However, since the regular-wave results are of little or no value except as input for the more realistic long- and short-term response predictions in a real seaway environment, it is important to determine which wave data information and what statistical extrapolation techniques are used to obtain the latter. The format used to describe the seaway in most ship response calculations is the wave spectrum. However, since measured spectrum for a specific sea zone or route are very rarely available, it is often necessary to use spectrum measured in one location for predictions in another location. In such a case, while the basic spectruml shape and scatter remain unchanged, the percentage of wave height distribution would vary to represent realistic conditions for the sea area in question. Such data usually are based on observations, and assuming the sample is large enough the distribution of expected wave heights should be quite reliable. An alternative approach often used in ship design is to utilize one of several theoretical spectruml formulations [2, 3, 4] such as the Pierson-Moskowitz one-parameter spectrum, the ISSC spectrum, the JONSWAP spectrum, and other. In each of these cases, some input parameters are required usually in the form of wave height, period, peak frequency, fetch, etc. The reliability of the wave data depends in these cases both on the quality of the input parameter and the adequacy of the theoretical formulation.
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Colavitti, Anna Maria, und Alessia Usai. „Partnership building strategy in place branding as a tool to improve cultural heritage district’s design. The experience of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia, Italy“. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, Nr. 2 (17.08.2015): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-02-2014-0007.
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Purpose – Literature on cultural districts has repeatedly pointed out the role of place branding as a tool to upgrade the image of urban environment as an indicator of meaning and significance. Throughout the case of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia (Italy), the purpose of this paper is to investigate on the role that Place Branding Organizations (PBOs) has and/or may have in the construction of coherent images for landscape and cultural heritage in the design of “sustainable” cultural districts in connection with local authorities’ agenda. At this purpose, the authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” and a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity within place branding theory. Design/methodology/approach – Considering what recently expressed by UNESCO about the integration between spatial and cultural planning, the authors focus the research on cultural heritage districts protected by this organization. Starting from the definition of strategy proposed by Anholt (2011) and the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010), the authors propose a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity and the authors try to apply it to the experience of mining heritage in Sardinia (Italy), comparing the activity of local PBOs (the Consortium for the UNESCO’s Sardinian Geo-mining Park and the Local Tourism System) with the Development Plan of the Carbonia-Iglesias Province. In the final part of the work, the authors discuss the outcomes of the comparative analysis in terms of partnership building strategy and its influence on cultural heritage district design. Findings – The experience of the Sardinia district proves that partnership building strategy has a relevant role both in place branding and cultural heritage district design but it is not sufficient to make this letter really functioning. It confirms also that a place brand can survive to political regime changes on a periodic basis only if the PBO establishes an appropriate institutional framework for the creation of a cooperative network that can take the branding process forward. The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” Research limitations/implications – The analytical framework which the authors provide on the basis of a new operative definition of partnership strategy building, has proved to be a useful tool to assess PBO’s activity but, despite this, it represents only a partial result because the theoretical model of the relationships between PBOs, local and supra-local actors requires further developments to describe the effective type and nature of this links. Practical implications – The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” To achieve a real sustainable development and a shared enhancement of identity and landscape, the authors propose as a possible solution the abandonment of administrative boundaries in cultural planning through a correspondence between cultural district and historic region, this latter defined according to the methods and tools developed by the geographical sciences for the “cultural basin.” At this scope the authors propose a new methodological framework which takes the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” for the district design, setting a future research agenda. Originality/value – The authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” for the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010) and, on this base, the authors test a new analytic framework to evaluate PBOs’ activity which combines the traditional activities of promotion and marketing with PBOs’ partnership strategies. Finally, the authors propose a methodological frame which brings the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” setting a future research agenda in cultural heritage district’s design.
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Rosinska, Olena. „SPACE CONTEXTS OF INFORMATION SPACE AS A METHOD OF MENTAL MAPPING OF UKRAINE“. Integrated communications, Nr. 3 (2017): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-2644.2017.3.8.
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The article studies the space images as the basis for mental space represented in the Ukrainian media. The study of concepts of Ukraine’s mental mapping is extremely important for the modern Ukrainian society, since it allows to understand and outline clearly the key problems of self-identification of Ukrainians, to identify and eliminate the acute problems of national confrontation at the level of perception of the state as a cultural phenomenon, gradually form awareness of integrity through rejection of manipulative images. The objective of the study is to identify the key spatial contexts (mental maps) for the Ukrainian information space, and geographical myths that determine self-awareness of citizens in the regions. In the process of scientific research it was used hypothetical-deductive and analytical methods as well as the method of system approach. In general, the study is a part of a comprehensive research devoted to special nature of space images in text communication, including belles-lettres and media communication. In the author’s opinion, the particular space concepts as the basis of mental space of information consumer specify interpretation of this information and create an opportunity for miscellaneous information manipulations. In the article it is used the concept of a mental map, which is the key one for the theory of space mental mapping. The mental maps of the Ukrainian media scene show a clear opposition of “east”- “west” in the context of positive/negative and axiological positions; as well as fixation of particular geographic myths that are perceived as an axiom, not becoming a subject of understanding and re-assessment in the altered reality both for ordinary information consumers and also for the authors of media texts.
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Андреева, Елена, Elena Andreeva, Лилия Некрасова und Liliya Nekrasova. „Research of availability of foodstuff to residents of the large city (on the example of Kursk)“. Services in Russia and abroad 9, Nr. 2 (22.07.2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11888.
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The authors pay attention to problem of organizing the trade service of inhabitants of large Russian cities with non-uniform residential buildings, which, due to a significant change in external factors of doing business for 2011-2015., caused to attract attention again. Applying the techniques of geomarketing analysis, authors describe the way of research of the problems of using the criteria of availability of goods for the population. The article reveals the concepts that characterize the degree of end consumer’s security in food products from the viewpoint of territorial, price and quality affordability. The approaches to evaluating within socio-economic system of providing commercial services to the population of a large city are proved. As an example of monitoring the effectiveness of the organization of urban distribution network in the article are shown the elements of the research of availability of retail trade objects in the densely populated area of the city of Kursk with inhomogeneous buildings for the period of 2011-2014. The dynamics of changes in the basic indicators of evaluation of availability of trade services is represented. The article summarizes the results of the carried out at the end of 2014 sample survey of evaluation of the level of availability of products with high demand. In the sampling was included a part of trade objects of researching district, as well as large kolkhoz markets as trading formation with a different organizational structure. As a basis for comparison was used average price levels recorded in the analytical materials FGBI "Specialized center accounting in agriculture". Results of the analysis allowed creating the rating of commercial enterprises, drawing conclusions, and comparing them with maps of positioning of trade brands (networks), which active in the Kursk.
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Bonds, Mark Evan. „The Spatial Representation of Musical Form“. Journal of Musicology 27, Nr. 3 (2010): 265–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2010.27.3.265.
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Musical form can be conceptualized in two basic ways, temporally or spatially. The temporal approach conceives of form diachronically, as a series of events that unfold through time, whereas the spatial approach conceives of form synchronically, as a synoptic design in which the relationship of the individual parts to the whole is apparent at once. These two modes are interdependent and by no means mutually exclusively. Indeed, virtually every account of musical form——either in the abstract or as applied to a specific work——draws on both concepts to varying degrees. Narrative accounts that relate a series of events often rely on spatial imagery, and the formal diagrams that are a standard feature of analytical discourse nowadays almost invariably reflect the progression of music through time. Not until 1825, however, did any critic or theorist attempt to represent musical form in an essentially spatial, synoptic manner. Antoine Reicha's diagrams of binary, ternary, and rondo forms in his Traitéé de haute composition musicale, moreover, found little resonance among his contemporaries. Even the simplest formal diagrams would remain a rarity for another seventy-five years and would not become a standard element of theoretical accounts of form until the early twentieth century. Spatial representations of form were slow to emerge and gain acceptance, at least in part because of a broader reluctance to accept the premise of depicting linear time in two-dimensional space.
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Chandler, Val W., und Kelley Carlson Malek. „Moving‐window Poisson analysis of gravity and magnetic data from the Penokean orogen, east‐central Minnesota“. GEOPHYSICS 56, Nr. 1 (Januar 1991): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442948.
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Analytical correlation of gravity and magnetic data through moving‐window application of Poisson's theorem is useful in studying the complex Precambrian geology of central Minnesota. Linear regression between the two data sets at each window position yields correlation, intercept, and slope parameters that quantitatively describe the relationship between the gravity and magnetic data and, in the case of the slope parameter, are often accurate estimates of magnetizatons‐to‐density ratios (MDR) of anomalous sources. In this study, gridded gravity and magnetic data from a 217.6 × 217.6 km area in central Minnesota were analyzed using a 8.5 × 8.5 km window. The study area includes part of the Early Proterozoic Penokean orogen and an Archean greenstone‐granite terrane of the Superior Province. The parameters derived by the moving‐window analysis show striking relationships to many geologic features, and many of the MDR estimates agree with rock property data. Inversely related gravity and magnetic anomalies are a characteristic trait of the Superior Province, but moving‐window analysis reveals that direct relationships occur locally. In the Penokean fold‐and‐thrust belt, gravity and magnetic highs over the Cuyuna range produce a prominent belt of large MDR estimates, which reflect highly deformed troughs of iron‐formation and other supracrustal rocks. This belt can be traced northeastward to sources that are buried by 3–5 km of Early Proterozoic strata in the Animikie basin. This configuration, in conjunction with recent geologic studies, indicates that the Animikie strata, which may represent foreland basin deposits associated with the Penokean orogen, unconformably overlie parts of the fold‐and‐thrust belt, and that earlier stratigraphic correlations between Cuyuna and Animikie strata are wrong. The results of this study indicate that moving‐window Poisson analysis is useful in the study of Precambrian terranes.
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Frosio, Thomas, Nabil Menaa, Matteo Magistris und Chris Theis. „On the holistic validation of electronic materials compound for irradiation study - Experimental and calculated results“. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 326, Nr. 1 (12.08.2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07334-y.
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Abstract Due to the large variations of chemical compositions in electronic material, the estimation of the radionuclide inventory following irradiation represents a technical challenge at CERN high-energy particle accelerators. In particular, the activation of printed circuit boards is of concern to the CERN experiments as they are widely used for various purposes ranging from safety systems to sub-detector controls. Because of maintenance operations, part of this equipment has to be removed from the accelerator machines. The literature provides a variety of compositions for electronic materials, leaving the problematic selection of the most appropriate composition for an activation study to the reader. In this article, we discuss two reference chemical compositions on the basis of a statistical analysis of large datasets of gamma spectroscopy results, and on ActiWiz calculations which take into account different activation scenarios at CERN. These results can be extended to electronic material irradiated in other particle accelerators.
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Merkaš, Zvonko, Davor Perkov und Petra Miličević. „Managing Macroeconomic Risks by Using Statistical Simulation“. Acta Economica Et Turistica 3, Nr. 1 (27.06.2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aet-2017-0004.
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Abstract The paper analyzes the possibilities of using statistical simulation in the macroeconomic risks measurement. At the level of the whole world, macroeconomic risks are, due to the excessive imbalance, significantly increased. Using analytical statistical methods and Monte Carlo simulation, the authors interpret the collected data sets, compare and analyze them in order to mitigate potential risks. The empirical part of the study is a qualitative case study that uses statistical methods and Monte Carlo simulation for managing macroeconomic risks, which is the central theme of this work. Application of statistical simulation is necessary because the system, for which it is necessary to specify the model, is too complex for an analytical approach. The objective of the paper is to point out the previous need for consideration of significant macroeconomic risks, particularly in terms of the number of the unemployed in the society, the movement of gross domestic product and the country’s credit rating, and the use of data previously processed by statistical methods, through statistical simulation, to analyze the existing model of managing the macroeconomic risks and suggest elements for a management model development that will allow, with the lowest possible probability and consequences, the emergence of the recent macroeconomic risks. The stochastic characteristics of the system, defined by random variables as input values defined by probability distributions, require the performance of a large number of iterations on which to record the output of the model and calculate the mathematical expectations. The paper expounds the basic procedures and techniques of discrete statistical simulation applied to systems that can be characterized by a number of events which represent a set of circumstances that have caused a change in the system’s state and the possibility of its application in the field of assessment of macroeconomic risks. The method has no limitations. It can be used to study very complex systems by using special computer programs. The method uses reasonable estimates for important economic inputs to determine a set of results, not only one outcome at one point in time, yet there is a multiple-possibilities estimation of a certain risk performance, regarding the range of economic variables used in the model. Attempt to influence and influence itself on certain macroeconomic risks, in today’s economy, occupies one of the primary imperatives of the world, therefore, this paper deals with the mutual correlation and application of statistical simulations in macroeconomic risks measurement in order to better prevention and remediation.
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Jo, Duseong S., Alma Hodzic, Louisa K. Emmons, Eloise A. Marais, Zhe Peng, Benjamin A. Nault, Weiwei Hu, Pedro Campuzano-Jost und Jose L. Jimenez. „A simplified parameterization of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) for global chemistry and climate models: a case study with GEOS-Chem v11-02-rc“. Geoscientific Model Development 12, Nr. 7 (15.07.2019): 2983–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2983-2019.
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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol derived from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX-SOA) is thought to contribute the dominant fraction of total isoprene SOA, but the current volatility-based lumped SOA parameterizations are not appropriate to represent the reactive uptake of IEPOX onto acidified aerosols. A full explicit modeling of this chemistry is however computationally expensive owing to the many species and reactions tracked, which makes it difficult to include it in chemistry–climate models for long-term studies. Here we present three simplified parameterizations (version 1.0) for IEPOX-SOA simulation, based on an approximate analytical/fitting solution of the IEPOX-SOA yield and formation timescale. The yield and timescale can then be directly calculated using the global model fields of oxidants, NO, aerosol pH and other key properties, and dry deposition rates. The advantage of the proposed parameterizations is that they do not require the simulation of the intermediates while retaining the key physicochemical dependencies. We have implemented the new parameterizations into the GEOS-Chem v11-02-rc chemical transport model, which has two empirical treatments for isoprene SOA (the volatility-basis-set, VBS, approach and a fixed 3 % yield parameterization), and compared all of them to the case with detailed fully explicit chemistry. The best parameterization (PAR3) captures the global tropospheric burden of IEPOX-SOA and its spatiotemporal distribution (R2=0.94) vs. those simulated by the full chemistry, while being more computationally efficient (∼5 times faster), and accurately captures the response to changes in NOx and SO2 emissions. On the other hand, the constant 3 % yield that is now the default in GEOS-Chem deviates strongly (R2=0.66), as does the VBS (R2=0.47, 49 % underestimation), with neither parameterization capturing the response to emission changes. With the advent of new mass spectrometry instrumentation, many detailed SOA mechanisms are being developed, which will challenge global and especially climate models with their computational cost. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other SOA pathways, which can allow including accurate SOA simulations in climate and global modeling studies in the future.
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Jensen, Jonathan A., Lane Wakefield, Joe B. Cobbs und Brian A. Turner. „Forecasting sponsorship costs: marketing intelligence in the athletic apparel industry“. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 34, Nr. 2 (04.04.2016): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-09-2014-0179.
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Purpose – Due in large part to the proprietary nature of costs, there is a dearth of academic literature investigating the factors influencing the costs for sport marketing investments, such as sponsorship. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical framework for market intelligence that enables managers to better predict and forecast costs in today’s ever-changing sport marketing environment. Design/methodology/approach – Given the dynamic and ultra-competitive nature of the athletic apparel industry, this context was chosen to investigate the influence of four distinct factors on sponsorship costs, including property-specific factors, on-field performance, and market-specific factors. A systematic, hierarchical procedure was utilized in the development of a predictive empirical model, which was then utilized to generate predicted values on a per property basis. Findings – Results demonstrated that both property-specific and performance-related factors were significant predictors of costs, while variables reflecting the attractiveness of the property’s home market were non-significant. Further analysis revealed the potential for agency conflicts in the allocation of resources toward properties near the corporate headquarters of sponsors, as well as evidence of overspending by challenger brands (Adidas, Under Armour) in their quest to topple industry leader Nike. Originality/value – Though the context of apparel sponsorships of US-based intercollegiate athletic programs limits the generalizability of the results, this study represents one of the few in the literature to empirically investigate the determinants of sponsorship costs, providing much-needed guidance to aid decision making in a highly volatile, unpredictable industry.
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Sosenushkin, Eugenе, Oksana Ivanova, Elena Yanovskaya und Yuliya Vinogradova. „Mathematical Modeling of Impact of Possible Shock Dynamic Loads on the Modern Composite Materials“. EPJ Web of Conferences 224 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922402012.
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In this paper, we study the dynamic processes in materials reinforced with fibers, that can be represented as composite rods. There has been developed a mathematical model of wave propagation under the impact of a shock pulse in semi-infinite composite rods. It is believed that the considered composite rod consists of two layers formed by simpler rods of different isotropic materials with different mechanical properties. The cross sections of such rods are considered to be constant and identical. When such composite materials are impacted by dynamic loads, a significant part of the energy is dissipated due to the presence of friction forces between the contact surfaces of the rods. In this regard, we study the propagation of waves in an elastic fiber-rod, the layers of which interact according to Coulomb law of dry friction. The case of instantaneous excitation of rods by step pulses is investigated. The blow is applied to a rod made of a harder material. In the absence of slippage, the friction force gets a value not exceeding the absolute value of the limit. In the absence of slippage, the friction force takes a value not exceeding the absolute value of the limit. Let us consider the value of the friction force constant. Normal stresses and velocities satisfy the equations of motion and Hooke’s law. The problem statement results in the solution of inhomogeneous wave equations by the method of characteristics in different domains, which are the lines of discontinuities of the solution. Solutions are found in all constructed domains. On the basis of the analysis of the obtained solution, qualitative conclusions are made and curves are constructed according to the obtained ratios. From the found analytical solution of the problem it is possible to obtain ratios for stresses and strain rates in composite rods and composite materials.
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Iskandaryan, A. M., und H. G. Mikaelian. „South Caucasus: Glocalization of the Pandemic“. Journal of International Analytics 11, Nr. 1 (28.03.2020): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-1-97-113.
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The coronavirus pandemic has become a test of States ‘ ability to respond to external challenges. The article assesses how quarantine measures are introduced and observed in different countries of the South Caucasus-from recommendations to the introduction of a state of emergency. It also examines the consequences these measures entail for the legitimacy of power, the structure of elites, and the quality of public administration in the region. From the analytical viewpoint, the South Caucasus represents an ideal model: different measures to combat the pandemic in these countries lead to different results. In general, the ideology of fighting coronavirus is based on isolationism and alarmism. Isolationism in the South Caucasus is part of a global trend, and in some cases, manifests itself as the result of Western normative influence. Alarmism is also a necessary factor in the fight against the virus: it was panic that became the basis for the rare consolidation of society around authorities in transit countries and mass approval of strict restrictions imposed by the national governments. Unlike previous crises of the twenty-first century, the pandemic creates a demand for the competence of the authorities and the willingness to implement political decisions at the expense of the comfort and economic interests of citizens. The peculiarity of the South Caucasus is that the demands for competence caused by the pandemic followed the desire of citizens to pressure governments to fight corruption, which was the main driver of the revolutions in Armenia and Georgia. Amidst the spread of the disease, the demand for sufficient work of state institutions has come to the fore. If Georgia’s relative success in fighting the pandemic goes on, this will be another indication for the rest of the region of how important it is for the state to be “institutionally sound”.
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Pochynok, N. V., I. D. Benko und S. V. Sysіuk. „Financial Provision of Institutions of Professional Pre-Higher Education: The Essence, Normative, Organizational and Accounting Aspects“. Business Inform 7, Nr. 522 (2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-7-84-90.
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The article is aimed at studying the main features of institutions of professional pre-higher education (colleges) as structural subdivisions of higher educational institutions and the peculiarities of their financial provision, as well as developing proposals for its optimization and accounting display, including in the direction of development of sources that are viewed as a structural subsystem of the financial mechanism. As a result of the study, the need to optimize the financing of education and its further development is proved. On the example of institutions of professional pre-higher education, the problem of reducing the number of applicants for education and educational institutions is identified, which negatively affects the level of supplying the Ukrainian labor market with specialists. The connection of the level of financing with the State policy on the development of education in Ukraine and the use of a new budget mechanism in this area, which stipulates the transfer of a number of pre-higher educational institutions to financial provision from local budgets, is determined. A significant impact on the functioning of pre-higher education on the part of the adopted Law of Ukraine «On Pre-Higher Education» is identified, which, among other things, defines the possibility of not only budgetary support, but also funding at the expense of other sources that are not prohibited by law, with the obligatory observance of the principles of targeted and effective use of funds, publicity and transparency in decision-making. The authors examine the problems that have occurred in the system of professional pre-higher education and it is concluded about absence of a comprehensive, scientifically based program of financial provision for the activities of educational institutions, which would create a financial basis for the strategic development of pre-higher education in Ukraine in the context of globalization and informatization of society. In its development, it is proposed to take into account all possible sources of financing, as well as to improve the accounting system in the direction of separate display of its revenues in the context of relevant sources and to form a working plan of accounts accordingly. The expediency of applying such a form of financing of social projects and target programs of educational institutions as fundraising, which represents a specially organized process of gathering monetary means for the implementation of projects of non-profit organizations, is substantiated. Financial provision of colleges based on fundraising can be carried out using instruments such as grants or payment for services on a contractual basis. Innovations in financing affect their accounting, and this issue is currently under-researched. Therefore, research on the issues of improving both the synthetic and the analytical accounting of financial provision from various sources, as well as the development of a system of documentary support of fundraising relations between counterparties, are perspective.
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Ansah, J., R. S. Knowles und T. A. Blasingame. „A Semi-Analytic (p/z) Rate-Time Relation for the Analysis and Prediction of Gas Well Performance“. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3, Nr. 06 (01.12.2000): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/66280-pa.
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Summary In this paper we present a rigorous theoretical development of solutions for boundary-dominated gas flow during reservoir depletion. These solutions were derived by directly coupling the stabilized flow equation with the gas material balance equation. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of the gas flow equation, pseudo pressure and pseudotime functions have been used over the years for the analysis of production rate and cumulative production data. While the pseudo pressure and pseudotime functions do provide a rigorous linearization of the gas flow equation, these transformations do not provide direct solutions. In addition, the pseudotime function requires the average reservoir pressure history, which in most cases is simply not available. Our approach uses functional models to represent the viscosity-compressibility product as a function of the reservoir pressure/z-factor (p/z) profile. These models provide approximate, but direct, solutions for modeling gas flow during the boundary-dominated flow period. For convenience, the solutions are presented in terms of dimensionless variables and expressed as type curve plots. Other products of this work are explicit relations for p/z and Gp(t). These solutions can be easily adapted for field applications such as the prediction of rate or cumulative production. We also provide verification of our new flow rate and pressure solutions using the results of numerical simulation and we demonstrate the application of these solutions using a field example. Introduction We focus here on the development and application of semi-analytic solutions for modeling gas well performance¾with particular emphasis on production rate analysis using decline type curves. Our emphasis on decline curve analysis arises both from its usefulness in viewing the entire well history, as well as its familiarity in the industry as a straightforward and consistent analysis approach. More importantly, the approach does not specifically require reservoir pressure data (although pressure data are certainly useful). Decline curve analysis typically involves a plot of production rate, qg and/or other rate functions (e.g., cumulative production, rate integral, rate integral derivative, etc.) vs. time (or a time-like function) on a log-log scale. This plot is matched against a theoretical model, either analytically as a functional form or graphically in the form of type curves. From this analysis formation properties are estimated. Production forecasts can then be made by extrapolation of the matched data trends. The specific formation parameters that can be obtained from decline curve analysis are original gas in place (OGIP), permeability or flow capacity, and the type and strength of the reservoir drive mechanism. In addition, we can establish the future performance of individual wells, and the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). Attempts to theoretically model the production rate performance of gas and oil wells date as far back as the early part of this century. In 1921, a detailed summary of the most important developments in this area was documented in the Manual for the Oil and Gas Industry.1 Several efforts2,3 were made over the years immediately thereafter, and probably the most significant contribution towards the development of the modern decline curve analysis concept is the classic paper by Arps,2 written in 1944. In this work Arps presented a set of exponential and hyperbolic equations for production rate analysis. Although the basis of Arps' development was statistical (and therefore empirical), these historic results have found widespread appeal in the oil and gas industry. The continuous use of the so-called "Arps equations" is primarily due to the explicit form of the relations, which makes these equations quite useful for practical applications. The next major development in production decline analysis technology occurred in 1980, when Fetkovich4 presented a unified type curve which combined the Arps empirical equations with the analytical rate solutions for bounded reservoir systems.
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Lelyukhin, Vladimir Egorovich, und Olga Valeryevna Kolesnikova. „Geometry of real objects in shipbuilding and ship repair“. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2020, Nr. 1 (17.02.2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2020-1-31-44.
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The article considers the modern engineering practice of designing and manufacturing that uses various analytical and graphic forms representing geometric objects. Both of these forms are characterized by the presence of two problems in terms of production practice: 1 - tools of modern geometry cannot operate with non-ideal forms and configurations of material objects; 2 - lack of methods and tools for describing patterns of generating geometric objects, from production lines to the structure that characterizes the relative location of surfaces. The generalized provisions of the geometry of non-ideal objects theoretically justified for formal synthesis and their elements have been presented, which avoids problems of geometric configuration in the practice of designing and developing manufacturing technologies in shipbuilding and ship repair. A special toolkit based on discrete mathematics is proposed for the formal description of the geometric configuration of non-ideal objects. The principles of geometry of real objects describe the structural-parametric representation of objects in a six-dimensional space that is defined by linear and angular vectors. The concepts of linear and angular vectors are analyzed. It has been stated that the presence of an angular vector simplifies the perception and makes easier calculating the processes of geometric transformations. A geometrical object refers to a closed subspace bounded by a single surface, a set of mating or intersecting surfaces. The examples of the real plane deviations from its reference, location of the planes for creating the ideal geometric configuration, variants of real images, forming the basis for six-dimensional space, structure of geometric configurations have been illustrated. It has been found that any specific part acting as a geometric object can be represented by a set of surfaces and the structure of their relationships, which contributes to the correctness of its manufacture. The use of six-dimensional space allows to describe the spatial geometric configurations of parts of various mechanisms with mathematical accuracy.
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Holland, Peter. „Uniting the wave and the particle in quantum mechanics“. Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations 7, Nr. 1 (05.10.2019): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40509-019-00207-4.
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Abstract We present a unified field theory of wave and particle in quantum mechanics. This emerges from an investigation of three weaknesses in the de Broglie–Bohm theory: its reliance on the quantum probability formula to justify the particle-guidance equation; its insouciance regarding the absence of reciprocal action of the particle on the guiding wavefunction; and its lack of a unified model to represent its inseparable components. Following the author’s previous work, these problems are examined within an analytical framework by requiring that the wave–particle composite exhibits no observable differences with a quantum system. This scheme is implemented by appealing to symmetries (global gauge and spacetime translations) and imposing equality of the corresponding conserved Noether densities (matter, energy, and momentum) with their Schrödinger counterparts. In conjunction with the condition of time-reversal covariance, this implies the de Broglie–Bohm law for the particle where the quantum potential mediates the wave–particle interaction (we also show how the time-reversal assumption may be replaced by a statistical condition). The method clarifies the nature of the composite’s mass, and its energy and momentum conservation laws. Our principal result is the unification of the Schrödinger equation and the de Broglie–Bohm law in a single inhomogeneous equation whose solution amalgamates the wavefunction and a singular soliton model of the particle in a unified spacetime field. The wavefunction suffers no reaction from the particle since it is the homogeneous part of the unified field to whose source the particle contributes via the quantum potential. The theory is extended to many-body systems. We review de Broglie’s objections to the pilot-wave theory and suggest that our field-theoretic description provides a realization of his hitherto unfulfilled ‘double solution’ programme. A revised set of postulates for the de Broglie–Bohm theory is proposed in which the unified field is taken as the basic descriptive element of a physical system.
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Ahmetović, Amir. „Social and political divisions in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the 1990 elections“. Historijski pogledi 4, Nr. 5 (31.05.2021): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2021.4.5.163.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina represents a very suitable experimental space for the analysis of integrative policy in the conditions, war and long-lasting crisis, of a devastated society which, due to the challenges of history, is deeply divided. In such a space, applying the analytical model designed and used by Seymour Lipset and Stein Rokan, the paper deals with the detection of social divisions that underlie party preferences in the 1990 elections for the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Analyzes of pre-election and post-election activities of political entities show the existence of an important link between ethno-confessional characteristics and attitudes on political issues and party preferences, which in accordance with the used theoretical model creates preconditions for talking about social divisions that have turned into party divisions. It can be determined that they are bh. political parties formed, with all their specifics, on the basic lines of Bosnia and Herzegovina social divisions. In the analysis of the relationship between social and political space and the influence of the structure of society on political relations and divisions, it is possible to determine that party divisions and divisions, their segmentation and polarization are conditioned, above all, by the depth and dynamics of fundamental Bosnia and Herzegovina social divisions. The divisions that emerged in the pre-election period of 1990 (we can conditionally define them as divisions communism vs anti-communism) were pushed into the background in the first post-election year and priority was given to the split that S. Lipset and S. Rokan defined as the center-periphery split. (or the territorial-cultural split as, after adaptation, Professor Nenad Zakošek called it). The second part of the paper presents an overview of the most important political parties in the 1990 elections and continues to examine the applicability of S. Lipset and S. Rokan's theory of turning social divisions into party divisions, this time in the first year of ethno-confessional parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Analyzing the basic lines of historical ethnic and confessional divisions in Bosnia and Herzegovina society and in the sphere of political (sub) system through indicators such as: predominant (ethnic, confessional, linguistic, cultural and regional) identifications, the relationship between ethno-confessional and civil, the relationship to the rights and freedoms guaranteed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the Constitution, the attitude towards different solutions to the state question (remaining in the common state of Yugoslavia vs. the independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) tested the hypothesis that historical lines of ethno-confessional splits represent the basic determinant of political goals. It can be seen that the territorial-cultural divide (primarily in the form of center-periphery conflict) is actually a kind of complete split, given that it is a split that involves conflict between stable social groups (residents of the center and periphery but also members of different ethnic and confessional communities). In the Bosnia and Herzegovina case, these are (ethnic and confessional) communities that have different views on the most important issues of the social organization of the common state, which results in open conflict on the political scene in the form of voting for different political options, which can be transformed by ethnopolitical elites. (very easily) into various forms of violence against others and different in the territory that is under their political (and police) control.
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Scheltinga, H. M. J. „Sludge in Agriculture: the European Approach“. Water Science and Technology 19, Nr. 8 (01.08.1987): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0039.
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The sludge production in the European Community can be estimated to be about 6 million tons of dry matter per year. By 1990 this quantity may have doubled. About 30% of the annual production is used in agriculture. Cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research has been actively promoted by the European Community together with European Non-Member states. One of the earliest examples of such a cooperation is the Concerted Action “Treatment and use of sludge and liquid agricultural wastes” (Cost 681). Participating Non-Member states are Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. Canada takes part on a somewhat different basis. The main purpose of the Cost-action is to acquire scientific and technical knowledge and to disseminate the results to the participants and others interested. Until now there was no provision for direct funding of research projects by the Commission. The Cost-action is managed by a concertation committee in which the participating countries and the Commission are represented. The action coordinates in the most flexible way, in the countries involved, all relevant research concerning sewage sludge treatment and its optimal use in agriculture, taking into account the evaluation of possible harmful effects for public health and environmental protection. Five Working Parties were set up, dealing with the following programmes:–Assessment of the best sludge treatment techniques, and of their cost and reliability, in order to get valuable products for agricultural purposes (WP-1).–Improvement and harmonisation of sampling procedures and analytical methods for the control of organic and mineral pollutants in sludges and soils (WP-2).–Measures to be taken to prevent harmful effects to public health due to sludge spreading or storage in the environment (WP-3).–Evaluation of the agricultural value of sludges for crop and grass production, forestry and soil reclamation (WP-4).–Prevention of long- and short-term environmental risks for the atmosphere, ground water and soil micro-organisms by sludge spreading (WP-5).
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Krank, Eduard Osvaldovich. „German Packaging for Russian Novel: on the Problem of the Genre of the “Fiery Angel” by V. Bryusov“. Ethnic Culture 3, Nr. 2 (25.06.2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-98778.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the genre of V. Bryusov’s novel “The Fiery Angel”. The purpose of the article is to assert that the author uses the tradition of the medieval German novel in a stylized capacity. Bryusov needs the method of literary mystification not so much to hide relationships of real people who served as prototypes for the heroes of the novel, but to establish an allusive cultural connection between Germany in the era of M. Luther and the “Silver Age” of Russian literature, with its interest in issues of religion and gender. The relevance of the study dictated by the attention of the modern reader to the literature of the “Silver Age”, as well as a special interest in metamorphoses that the novel genre undergoes in the era of modernism and postmodernism. The research materials are the text of the novel, biographical information related to the personalities of prototypes, reviews of literary criticism, as well as literary studies. We use descriptive, hermeneutic, synchronic, diachronic, historical-genetic, comparative, analytical and biographical methods in this work. The results of the study and their discussion consist in reflection on the paradigm in defining the genre of the novel, in pointing out the tradition of literary mystification, which rises to the “Belkin’s Tales” by A. Pushkin. Also important is the circumstances that the religious searches inherent in the prototypes of the heroes of the novel are akin to Protestant moods of the Reformation. As a result, we conclude that the author, because of the anthropological unity of the archetypal situation, continued the literary tradition of the German Middle Ages. It is laid down in the basis of the plots of both V. Bryusov’s novel and the first part of “Faust” by I.W. Goethe, as well as A. Belyi’s novel “Petersburg”, in which the love triangle invariant and its transformation from prototypes to characters is represented by the same mechanism as is characteristic of the “Fiery Angel”. The assertion of this way of implementing a behavioral scheme (anthropological invariant) in the process of transforming prototypes into characters is the innovation of our work.
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Kopčeková, Alena, Michal Kopček und Pavol Tanuška. „BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE IN PROCESS CONTROL“. Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 21, Nr. 33 (01.12.2013): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2013-0039.
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Abstract The Business Intelligence technology, which represents a strong tool not only for decision making support, but also has a big potential in other fields of application, is discussed in this paper. Necessary fundamental definitions are offered and explained to better understand the basic principles and the role of this technology for company management. Article is logically divided into five main parts. In the first part, there is the definition of the technology and the list of main advantages. In the second part, an overview of the system architecture with the brief description of separate building blocks is presented. Also, the hierarchical nature of the system architecture is shown. The technology life cycle consisting of four steps, which are mutually interconnected into a ring, is described in the third part. In the fourth part, analytical methods incorporated in the online analytical processing and data mining used within the business intelligence as well as the related data mining methodologies are summarised. Also, some typical applications of the above-mentioned particular methods are introduced. In the final part, a proposal of the knowledge discovery system for hierarchical process control is outlined. The focus of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view and to familiarize the reader with the Business Intelligence technology and its utilisation.
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Ryashchenko, T. G., S. I. Shtel'makh, N. N. Ukhova, G. S. Lonshakov und S. S. Kolesnikov. „Sediments of northeastern shelf of the sea of Okhotsk in the area of South Kirin hydrocarbon deposits: microstructure, mineral, chemical and trace element composition“. Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, Nr. 3 (28.06.2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-3-21-31.
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The study results of the microstructure, mineral, chemical and trace element composition of the northeastern shelf sediments in the area of the South Kirin hydrocarbon deposits of the Sea of Okhotsk in the Sakhalin region are considered. Sediment samples were taken during well drilling from the «Trias» special vessel at the depth of 25—30 m from the bottom surface (by the sea depth of 200—220 m). Interval coring (every one meter) was carried out by the pressing-in method. Analytical studies were performed for 30 air-dry samples (firmly cemented cylinders with a diameter of 4 cm, a height of 3 cm, and a weight of 50—70 g) of well No. 49 (30 m). According to lithological characteristics, three intervals are distinguished in the section which are represented by clay sands (0,0—4,0 m), sandy, silty clays (4,0—21,0) and clays (21,0—30,0). REM images of the sediment microstructure were obtained using a scanning microscope JEOL JIB-Z4500 (xlOOO-6000) for each interval. The scientific imaging was performed for ten thin undisturbed plates from the top part of air-dry sample-cylinder. Fauna residues and micropores were found. The content of aggregates, primary (free) particles and the volume of real clay content were determined by the «Microstructure» method. On the basis of these data, grouping of samples was carried out using the Q-type cluster analysis program which confirmed the picked intervals in the studied section. Changes in the mineral composition were determined by powder diffraction in the sediment thickness. The quartz content decreases with depth, and the clay phase increases in which hydromica dominates, and the almost complete absence of kaolinite is noted. The content of rock-forming oxides (method of silicate analysis) and statistical data processing showed a homogeneous distribution of silicon, aluminum and potassium oxides in the section, the coefficient of variation (V, %) was only 1—3 %. Augmentation of variability was found for БегОз (P12). Values of geochemical coefficients and statistical data processing revealed their insignificant variability in the section (V3—8). Noticeable changes are characteristic for the ratio of calcium and magnesium oxides (V16). A lesser degree of chemical transformations of sediments was established. The content of 23 trace elements was determined by the X-ray fluorescence method using an S8 TIGER spectrometer. The sediment thickness has the critical level of pollution by values of the pollution index (Zc) calculated for a group of toxic elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As). Based on the obtained information, the conclusions were drawn about the zonal structure of the sediment thickness, the features of their microstructure, mineral and chemical composition, as well as the degree of contamination by toxic trace elements.
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Van Balen, K. „Challenges that Preventive Conservation poses to the Cultural Heritage documentation field“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (23.08.2017): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-713-2017.
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This contribution examines the challenges posed to the cultural heritage documentation community (the CIPA community and others) in implementing a preventive conservation approach of the built heritage in today’s society. <u>The “DNA” of Preventive Conservation.</u><br><br> Various authors so far support the argument that preventive conservation is an effective way to respond to the challenges society faces with the preservation of its Cultural Heritage (Van Balen, 2013).<br><br> A few decades of experiences with the application of preventive conservation in the field of immovable heritage in the form of Monumentenwacht in The Netherland and in Flanders have shown that a good monitoring of the state of preservation with a strong push for maintenance activities contributes to more preservation of authenticity, to more cost-effective preservation and to empowering society in dealing with heritage preservation. (Cebron, 2008)<br><br> An analysis of these and similar experiences demonstrates that these “Monumentenwacht” activities represent only a part of what could be named a preventive conservation system. Other fields in which prevention is advocated for its higher efficiency, show the importance of system thinking in the development of improved strategies.<br><br> Applying this approach to the field of the immovable heritage, referring to the initial results shown by the Monumentenwacht practices, it becomes clear that different dimension are at stake simultaneously: the preservation of authenticity or integrity, the management of resources and the connection with society. It shows that the analysis of challenges in heritage preservation and the development of strategies is à priori multifaceted and therefor has a certain level of complexity.<br><br> The sustainability of the preservation of cultural heritage buildings and sites can be measured according to its multiple economic, social, environmental and cultural support. The Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe report shows that the more diverse the support is for cultural heritage preservation actions, the more those actions will contribute to sustainable development and the more sustainable the preservation of that heritage will be. This reasoning has led to the “upstream approach” which argues that cultural heritage preservation can benefit from a variety of resources which do not necessarily have to be earmarked for it à priori (CHCfE, 2015).<br><br> It leads to arguing for an holistic and integrated approach for cultural heritage preservation that taps into different kinds of resources, which requires acknowledgement of the complex nature of understanding and managing heritage values into an overall societal development goal (Vandesande, 2017).<br><br> <u>Challenges in the Cultural Heritage documentation field.</u><br><br> Documentation needs in the field of cultural heritage preservation therefor are challenged by the complexity of the sources of information, by the need to integrate them in an holistic tool and by the way they are able to dialogue with society.<br><br> 1. The proper analysis of heritage requires increasing efforts by the diversity of sources and the complexity of their interaction.This (complexity acknowledging) analysis should be linked to monitoring tools which eventually contribute to monitor culturalheritage values. This monitoring is also a documentation challenge as it has to be pertinent and dynamic. Analysis andmonitoring are important as they are the basis for understand threats that impact heritage values.<br><br> 2. As resources for heritage development or heritage guided development can have a variety of origins, their documentation andanalysis –compared to the traditional curative object oriented preservation- should be extended to include many more possibleresources. Experiences exist with documentation of the physical environment of heritage sites but the upstream approachpoints toward a larger number of development resources that can be tapped into. This implies the need to identify newapproaches, to document them and to integrate them in a dynamic analytical process.<br><br> 3. As preventive conservation focusses not only on the empowerment of the owners and managers but also on a betterintegration of a wider group of stakeholders, the question of ownership and continuous co-creation challenges thedocumentation process as well.<br><br> 4. Longevity of documentation: the need for continuous updating and monitoring as part of the cyclic approach of PC challengesthe longevity, accessibility of the documentation itself and the tools that will use them in the future.
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Uran Maravić, Maja, Nataša Martinič und Marina Barkiđija Sotošek. „An Analysis of Nautical and Cruise Tourism in Slovenia (2005-2015) and its Position among other Mediterranean countries“. Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 52, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2016): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2016.52.07.
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This article is dedicated to presenting nautical tourism in Slovenia. The basic purpose is to evaluate the extent of nautical tourism, since data on this type of tourism in Slovenia are lacking. Slovenia has three marinas, a few moorings and a passenger terminal. Despite its small coastal strip (46 km), all forms of nautical tourism are represented. This article consists of theoretical and analytical work. The theoretical part presents a number of basic definitions relating to nautical tourism and cruises. This work will also present the development of this form of tourism in Slovenia to date. Slovenia’s first marina was built in 1979 in Portorož, while cruise tourism in Slovenia began later, in 2005. Due to its diversity in a small area, Slovenia is an ideal starting point for (maritime) excursions. In the analytical part, numerical traffic data for the period 2005 to 2015 from marinas and the Port of Koper have been collated and analysed. This work is based on data collected by the marinas themselves, since the official nautical traffic statistics are not recorded. The main results of our analysis indicate that nautical tourism in Slovenia has experienced a large decline since 2005. The exception is cruise tourism, which has shown strong growth.