Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Wheat Weed control“
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1
Sharofiddinova, M. J. „The Effects Of Weed Control Methods On Weeds In Cotton And Autumn Wheat Fields“. American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 02, Nr. 12 (27.12.2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue12-03.
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This article provides the results of harmonized weed control measures, which annual and biennial weeds in cotton and autumn wheat fields have been reduced by 80.2-82.7% in cotton fields and by 93.5% in autumn wheat fields.
2
Buriro, U. A., F. C. Oad ., S. K. Agha . und G. S. Solangi . „Post Emergence Weed Control in Wheat“. Journal of Applied Sciences 3, Nr. 6 (15.05.2003): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2003.424.427.
3
Fırat PALA und Husrev MENNAN. „CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WHEAT“. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, Nr. 1 (12.10.2019): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol3iss1pp19-32.
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A field study was conducted to evaluate the compatibility of herbicide tank mixtures in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Sagittario cv. in 2017-2019. Weed Index (VI) and Crop Injury (CI) of three mixtures prominent was recorded with mesosulfuron-methyl plus 2.4-D ethylhexyl ester + florasulam (5.8% and 1.5%) followed by pyroxsulam + florasulam + cloquintocet-mexyl plus 2.4-D dimethylamine salt (6.3% and 1.6%), and mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium plus bromoxynil + MCPA (7.1% and 0.0%), respectively. Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) was maximum with mesosulfuron-methyl + mefenpyr-diethyl plus 2.4-D ethylhexyl ester + florasulam so, Cirsium arvense (90%) heavily damaged; Avena fatua (98%), Avena sterilis (94%), and Papaver rhoeas (96%), Sinapis arvensis (95%) very heavy damaged (severe chlorosis and/or dead leaves); Galium aparine, Phalaris brachystachys, and Ranunculus arvensis were completely killed (100%, dead). Consequently, mesosulfuron-methyl + mefenpyr-diethyl plus 2.4-D ethylhexyl ester + florasulam herbicide mixture is recommended to provide weed control efficiency and wheat production safely. The compatibility of herbicides is necessary for sustainable weed management as it leads to reduced input costs, to prevent economic losses and to less pollution of the ecological environment. In addition, the conditions may require that the herbicides be applied with fungicides, insecticides or foliar fertilizers, and growers wish to know the safety of these mixtures. Therefore, studies on the compatibility of chemicals used in agriculture were considered to be needed.
4
Paliwal, Arunima, V. Pratap Singh, Tej Pratap, S. P. Singh, S. K. Guru, Neeshu Joshi, Sirazuddin und A. Kumar. „Tillage and weed control effect on weeds and wheat productivity“. Indian Journal of Weed Science 52, Nr. 2 (2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2020.00024.6.
5
Shahzad, Muhammad, Khawar Jabran, Mubshar Hussain, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza, Leonard Wijaya, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh und Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. „The impact of different weed management strategies on weed flora of wheat-based cropping systems“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 2 (18.02.2021): e0247137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247137.
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The world population will rise in future, which would demand more wheat production to fulfil dietary needs of wheat-dependent population of the world. Food security in wheat-dependent regions will greatly rely on wheat productivity. Weed infestation is a major constraint reducing wheat productivity globally. Nonetheless, cropping systems and weed management strategies strongly influence weed infestation in modern agriculture. Herbicides are the key weed management tool in conventional agriculture. However, frequent use of herbicides have resulted in the evolution of herbicide-resistance weeds, which made weed management a challenging task. Sustainable and eco-friendly weed management strategies shift weed-crop competition in the favour of crop plants. Limited studies have evaluated the interactive effect of cropping systems and weed management strategies on weed flora of wheat-based cropping systems (WBCSs). This two-year study evaluated the impact of different weed management strategies (WMSs) on weed flora of WBCSs, i.e., fallow-wheat (FW), rice-wheat (RW), cotton-wheat (CW), mungbean-wheat (MW) and sorghum-wheat (SW). The WMSs included in the study were, false seedbed, allelopathic water extracts and herbicide application, while weed-free and weedy-check were maintained as control treatments. Data relating to diversity and density of individual and total broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds were recorded. The WBCSs, WMSs and their interaction significantly altered diversity and density of individual, total, broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds. Weed-free and weedy-check treatments recorded the lowest and the highest values of diversity and density of individual, total, broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds. Herbicide application effectively reduced density and diversity of weeds. Allelopathic water extracts and false seedbed proved less effective than herbicides. On the other hand, SW cropping system not only reduced weed density but also limited the weed flora. It is concluded that false seedbed and SW cropping system can be efficiently used to manage weeds in WBCSs. However, long-term studies are needed to infer the impact of SW cropping system and false seedbed on soil properties, soil microbes and productivity of wheat crop.
6
Martín, Carolina San, Jennifer Gourlie, Judit Barroso, Drew J. Lyon und Henry C. Wetzel. „Weed control with bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil in wheat“. Crops & Soils 52, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cs2019.52.0103.
7
Tewari, Tripti, PB Rao und Ajit Kumar. „Wheat straw allelochemicals - implications for weed control“. Journal of Hill Agriculture 8, Nr. 1 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2017.00004.0.
8
San Martín, Carolina, Drew J. Lyon, Jennifer Gourlie, Henry C. Wetzel und Judit Barroso. „Weed Control with Bicyclopyrone + Bromoxynil in Wheat“. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management 4, Nr. 1 (23.08.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cftm2018.02.0011.
9
Gerhards, R., M. Sökefeld, K. Schulze-Lohne, D. A. Mortensen und W. Kühbauch. „Site Specific Weed Control in Winter Wheat“. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 178, Nr. 4 (August 1997): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1997.tb00494.x.
10
Esehaghbeygi, Ali, Ali Tadayyon und Shahin Besharati. „Effect of Droplet Size on Weed Control in Wheat“. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0004-1.
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Effect of Droplet Size on Weed Control in WheatThe efficacy of different water volume and nozzle systems, comprising spinning-discs with two disc speeds (low volume, LV), a spinning-cage rotary atomizer (median volume, MV), a flat fan nozzle Teejet-11004 (high volume, HV), and no weed control, were assessed for the application of 2,4-D to control weeds in irrigated wheat. The herbicide was applied at the tillering stage of cultivated wheat, Ghods variety. Sprayer nozzle performance was evaluated in terms of wheat grain yield, weed shoot biomass, and wheat residual (straw), at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2007 and 2008. ANOVA analysis indicated that nozzle type, and the year had significant effects on grain yield and dry biomass of weeds at 5% confidence. There was a significant difference between the two years of the experiment for all variants. The results indicated that the median diameter volume using the spinning disc (low disc speed) for herbicide application, gave better weed control than others. The spinning disc nozzle decreased water use and so it was cheaper to operate. It did not, however, significantly improve herbicide efficacy, especially in dense canopies compared with the conventional flat fan nozzles. The spinning-disc had more droplet uniformity at high disc speeds compared with the cage rotary atomizer, but was more effective for weed control at low disc speeds.
11
NANHER, A. H., und RAGHUVIR SINGH. „Effects of weed control treatments on wheat crop and associated weeds“. ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CROP IMPROVEMENT 6, Nr. 2 (15.12.2015): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjci/6.2/158-165.
12
Hucl, P. „Response to weed control by four spring wheat genotypes differing in competitive ability“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-029.
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Increased crop competitiveness may complement existing weed control methods. The objective of this research was to establish whether spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with contrasting competitive abilities respond differently to weed control levels. Four sibling genotypes differing in competitive ability were grown under simulated weedy conditions and subjected to four weed control levels. The competitive genotypes were superior to the less-competitive genotypes in grain yield under weedy and partially weedy conditions. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., competition, weed control, genotype × weedcontrol interaction
13
Wilhoit, John, und Timothy Coolong. „Mulching with Large Round Bales between Plastic-covered Beds Using a Newly Developed Offset Round-bale Unroller for Weed Control“. HortTechnology 23, Nr. 4 (August 2013): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.4.511.
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Mulching between rows of plastic used for vegetable production can be an effective practice for controlling weeds. An existing round-bale unroller was modified to create an offset bale unroller, allowing round bales of hay to be unrolled between planting rows with a tractor. This modification has made the practice of mulching with round bales of hay or wheat straw more efficient. This offset round-bale unroller was used to apply hay and wheat straw mulch to between-row areas of ‘Crimson Sweet’ watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in 2009 and 2010. Hay and wheat (Triticum sp.) straw mulches were applied at two thicknesses, corresponding one and two layers of mulch from the round bale, respectively. All of the hay and wheat straw mulch treatments controlled weeds significantly better than the non-treated controls in both years. There was a significant mulch-type by year interaction for weed control, with 1-year-old hay having less weed control in 2010 compared with 2009, whereas other mulches had improved weed control in 2010. One-year-old wheat straw and new hay had the lowest levels of weed biomass present compared with new wheat straw and the no-mulch control. Mulch thickness significantly affected weed control, with mulches applied in two layers having significantly less weed biomass than those applied in one layer. Weed pressure was significantly less in 2010 compared with 2009. The offset bail-unroller that has been developed to apply mulches to between-row areas of plastic-covered beds is a useful tool that can be used to efficiently unroll round bales of a variety of organic mulches for weed control.
14
Han, H., T. Ning und Z. Li. „Effects of tillage and weed management on the vertical distribution of microclimate and grain yield in a winter wheat field “. Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 5 (22.04.2013): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/766/2012-pse.
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This paper presents results of a field study of the influence of tillage and weed on the vertical distribution of microclimate in the upper, middle, and deeper layers of a winter wheat population and grain yield during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 winter wheat growing seasons. The results showed that the microclimate of the winter wheat canopy was different among the upper, middle, and deeper layers. Illumination was higher in the upper layer of the canopy than in the middle and deeper layers; under no-tillage + weed-reserving, a greater difference was found among the 3 layers. In the upper layer, illumination was the highest and lowest under no-tillage + weed-control and conventional tillage + weed-control, respectively. In the upper layer, air temperature was higher under no-tillage + weed-control than under conventional tillage + weed-control. The effects of air temperature in the middle and deeper layers were relatively low with tillage and considerably higher with weeds. Relative humidity was the highest and lowest under no-tillage + weed-reserving and conventional tillage + weed-control, respectively. During the winter wheat growing seasons, illumination and air temperature were lower at the heading stage and increased to a maximum at the filling stage, whereas the trend for relative humidity was the opposite. With weed-control, grain yield was significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) higher under conventional tillage than under no-tillage; with weed-reserving, no significant (LSD, P < 0.05) differences in grain yield were found between conventional tillage and no-tillage. The results showed that tillage and weed influenced microclimate vertical distribution in the winter wheat canopy and grain yield of winter wheat.
15
Gawęda, Dorota, und Cezary A. Kwiatkowski. „Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method“. Acta Agrobotanica 65, Nr. 3 (2012): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.015.
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The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.
16
Schoofs, Allison, und Martin H. Entz. „Influence of annual forages on weed dynamics in a cropping system“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, Nr. 1 (01.01.2000): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-098.
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Alternatives to herbicides are needed for weed control. Field studies were conducted in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 to investigate the nature of forage crop-weed dynamics and to test the effect of single year forage crops on the density and community composition of annual weeds in a following field pea (Pisium sativum L.) test crop. Five spring-seeded forage treatments were compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain crops (with or without herbicides for grassy and broadleaved weeds): winter triticale (Triticosecale) (simulation grazed); spring triticale (silage); spring/winter triticale intercrop (silage, then simulation grazed); alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (hay); sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench × Sorghum sudanese [Piper]) (hay); and a weedy fallow (silage). A fall rye (Secale cereale L.) grain crop and a sweet clover (Melilotis officinalis L.)/winter triticale double crop (hay, then simulation grazing) were included in the 1995/1996 trial. All forage systems were at least as effective as the sprayed wheat control in suppressing wild oat (Avena fatua L.); however, effects on other weeds, especially broadleaved species, were variable. Biennial crops provided the best early season weed control, while long-season systems such winter triticale and the triticale intercrop provided the best late season weed control. Forages shifted the weed community composition away from wild oat and green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) to a similar or greater extent than herbicide-treated wheat. Forage systems that did not provide season-long crop competition tended to have more broadleaved weeds. Some forage systems increased pea grain yield the following year (relative to the sprayed wheat control); however, forages alone did not eliminate the need for herbicides in the pea crop. Annual forages may play an important role in integrated weed management, especially for wild oat, however further research to refine forage-based weed management systems is needed. Key words: Integrated weed management, alfalfa, intercropping, double cropping, organic farming
17
Khan, Sami Ullah, Xiukang Wang, Tariq Mehmood, Sohail Latıf, Saftain Ullah Khan, Sajid Fiaz und Abdul Qayyum. „Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Mulching for Weed Suppression in Wheat under Rain-Fed Conditions of Haripur, Pakistan“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 6 (02.06.2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061131.
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Weeds pose a great threat to crop production subsequently distressing the equilibrium of agro-ecological systems globally. Instead of relying on chemical weed control, there is a dire need to explore alternative eco-friendly agricultural practices for weed suppression and sustainable wheat production. Mulching being eco-friendly could potentially serve the purpose towards weed suppression organically. To check the usefulness of mulching, two-year studies were conducted under field conditions in Haripur, Pakistan, during 2014 and 2015 to elucidate the response of various mulching materials for weed control in wheat. Six mulch material treatments were used along with Buctril super (used as check) at the rate of 1.235 L ha−1 to control the most problematic weed species of wheat in Pakistan. Experiments were designed under randomized complete block design with four repeats. The analysis of data revealed a significant decrease in weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry plant biomass at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Buctril super at 1.235 L ha−1 and mulch of black plastic were used followed by sugarcane bagasse and dry leaves of mulberry, as compared with control (untreated). Higher density of weed, relative weed density, fresh and dry plant biomass were observed in test weed species of wheat where lentil was applied with wheat and dry leaves of mulberry were incorporated. Net economic benefits in the form of benefit cost ratio (2.55) were higher where grass clippings were applied followed by sugarcane bagasse (2.43), mulberry leaves (2.49), while the lowest net economic benefits (1.72) were obtained when lentil (grown as live mulch crop) with wheat was intercropped. It was concluded from the study that sugarcane bagasse and grass clippings could be a source to control weeds in the wheat with a minimum cost of production at Haripur, Pakistan, and similar agro-climatic environment.
18
Anderson, Randy L. „Suppressing weed growth after wheat harvest with underseeded red clover in organic farming“. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, Nr. 3 (05.03.2015): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000022.
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AbstractOrganic producers are seeking alternative tactics for weed control so that they can reduce their need for tillage. In this study, we examined cover crop strategies for suppressing weed growth after harvest of wheat. Three cover crop treatments, red clover (mammoth type), a mixture of oat and dry pea, and a control were compared. Treatments were established in both winter and spring wheat, resulting in six treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design. Red clover was underseeded in wheat by drilling in the spring, and the oat/pea mixture was planted in August. Oat was planted uniformly across all treatments in the following growing season. The red clover treatment effectively suppressed weeds, reducing post-harvest weed biomass, density of volunteer winter wheat, and seed production of downy brome by more than 99% compared with the control. Oat/pea was not effective for weed management, likely because of less fall growth and competition compared with red clover. Underseeding red clover did not affect winter wheat yield, but reduced spring wheat yield by 17%. Oat yield, however, was reduced by volunteer crop plants and downy brome infestations in all treatments. Underseeding clovers in winter wheat may effectively manage weeds and, if they winterkill, can replace the need for tillage to control weeds after wheat harvest.
19
Kassai, Katalin M., Z. Szentpétery und Z. Hegedüs. „Specific Weed Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties - A Key to Non-chemical Weed Control“. Agrokémia és Talajtan 51, Nr. 1-2 (01.03.2002): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.51.2002.1-2.26.
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Six wheat varieties representing different genotypes were tested under exposed and protected conditions in a three year herbicide provocation field trial at Nagygombos, Hungary. Three types of herbicide treatments (fluroxipir, bromoxynil and dicamba ai.) were applied in comparison with untreated and mechanical treated controls. Weed populations were sorted into two major groups according to the level of their occurrence. The result of experimental treatments were evaluated and weed tolerance of varieties was determined. The magnitude of weed populations has shown significant differences. All weed control treatments, including chemical and mechanical applications, had an influence on weed development. Herbicide treatments had about fifty per cent, while mechanical applications had a nearly hundred per cent effect concerning weed reduction. The latter can be considered as a level of total weed extinction. High weed canopies were observed in the case of untreated controls only. Wheat cultivars have shown a variety specific yield response. The results obtained suggest varietal differences concerning weed tolerance. The extent of yield losses between wheat cultivars ranged from 4 to 18 per cent of grain yield. In the trial Martonvásári 19 and Martonvásári 21 wheat varieties were proven to have the best weed tolerance abilities.
20
Scott, Robert C., Thomas F. Peeper und Jeffrey A. Koscelny. „Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Yield Response to Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control“. Weed Technology 9, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023903.
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Selected herbicide treatments from 25 winter annual broadleaf weed control experiments conducted across Oklahoma from 1979 to 1993 were examined for winter wheat yield response to weed control. All experiments contained one or two of the same three weeds (henbit, bushy wallflower, or cutleaf eveningprimrose) as the primary target(s). Herbicide treatments included chlorsulfuron at 8.8 or 17.6 g ai/ha, and/or 2,4-D at 420 g ae/ha, all broadcast POST to wheat. Most herbicide treatments controlled the weeds, but increased wheat grain yield at only one site, wherein bushy wallflower density was 830/m2. Correlation analysis found no relationship between weed densities and wheat yield when chlorsulfuron at 8.8 g/ha was applied for henbit or moderate levels of bushy wallflower or cutleaf eveningprimrose. There was a significant positive relationship favoring spraying of bushy wallflower when the correlation analysis included data from one site with a density of 830 plants/m2.
21
SHIELD, I. F., und E. T. G. BACON. „A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 2. Effects on vegetation and weed control“. Journal of Agricultural Science 130, Nr. 4 (Juni 1998): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005449.
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Six management regimes for 1-year set-aside were compared with continuous winter wheat for their effects on weed control in two following test crops of winter wheat. The experiment was repeated in each of three years (1989–91) on predominantly sandy loam soils in eastern England. The weed flora was dominated by Poa spp., Stellaria media, Matricaria spp., Chenopodium album and volunteer crops, predominantly wheat.Managing set-aside by allowing natural regeneration and cutting it 2–4 times during the growing season resulted in fewest weeds in the following wheat crop. It was also a low cost option. Winter wheat, despite the application of herbicides, was not as effective in minimizing weeds in the winter wheat test crops as the best set-aside options.An Italian ryegrass cover crop set seed despite being cut 2–4 times per year. The only serious weed infestation arising in following wheat crops was from volunteer ryegrass in the second wheat following set-aside. The effects of management in the set-aside year were generally greater in the second of the following wheats than in the first.
22
Rolston, M. P., W. J. Archie, K. Reddy und F. Dastgheib. „Grass weed control and herbicide tolerance in cereals“. New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (01.08.2003): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6095.
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Field trials were undertaken over three years to determine herbicide options for grass weed control in cereal crops (wheat and barley) The susceptibility of phalaris perennial ryegrass Italian ryegrass prairie grass and soft brome to a range of herbicides were evaluated at fixed rates and with a logarithmic sprayer Wheat and barley damage and grain yield were also assessed and in general good tolerance was found in the 11 cultivars evaluated The trials identified a number of control options for grass weeds in wheat and barley in particular preemergence mixtures of cyanazine terbuthylazine; chlorsulfuron terbuthylazine; or metribuzin alone Brome species were the most difficult to control and further research is required
23
Meena, O. P., V. Nepalia, Dilip Singh, Arvind Verma und Roshan Choudhary. „Herbicide combinations for broad spectrum weed control in wheat“. Indian Journal of Weed Science 48, Nr. 3 (2016): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2016.00081.2.
24
Forcella, F. „Timing of Weed Control in No‐Tillage Wheat Crops“. Agronomy Journal 78, Nr. 3 (Mai 1986): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1986.00021962007800030027x.
25
Bidlack, James E., Andy Middick, Delmar Shantz, Charles T. MacKown, Robert D. Williams und Srinivas C. Rao. „Weed control in a pigeon pea–wheat cropping system“. Field Crops Research 96, Nr. 1 (März 2006): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.05.005.
26
Wicks, Gail A., Donald H. Popken und Stephen R. Lowry. „Survey of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble Fields Sprayed with Herbicides After Harvest in 1986“. Weed Technology 3, Nr. 2 (Juni 1989): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031754.
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A survey of 146 fields was conducted to investigate herbicide performance in winter wheat-producing areas of southwestern Nebraska during August and September of 1986. Only 55% of the fields received an excellent rating for weed control and stubble quality; one third rated as unacceptable. Weed control after wheat harvest was improved by planting ‘Bounty 310’, ‘Siouxland’, ‘Vona’, and ‘Centura’ winter wheat cultivars rather than ‘Mustang’, ‘Hawk’, ‘Pioneer 2656’, and ‘Wings'. Fertilizing winter wheat in the fall, planting wheat at the optimum date, high wheat stem density, using a winter wheat-corn-fallow rotation, not spraying herbicides after wheat harvest on days that it rained or air temperature exceeded 35 C, and spraying weeds when they were small also improved weed control in wheat stubble. Nine months after wheat harvest, fields treated with atrazine before July 16 had more volunteer wheat than fields treated later.
27
Menegat, Alexander, und Anders T. S. Nilsson. „Interaction of Preventive, Cultural, and Direct Methods for Integrated Weed Management in Winter Wheat“. Agronomy 9, Nr. 9 (19.09.2019): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090564.
Annotation:
Crop rotations dominated by winter annual crops and relying on the use of herbicides to control weeds have resulted in weed communities dominated by a few highly specialized species such as Alopecurus myosuroides. Integrated weed management (IWM) represents a sensible strategy to target such difficult weeds, through a combination of preventive, cultural, and direct means. In six field trials over three years, we tested the effect of stale seedbed preparation, winter wheat seed rate, and chemical weed control strategy on Alopecurus myosuroides control efficacy and variability in efficacy. The field experiments were carried out under reduced tillage practice and without pre-sowing use of glyphosate. Stale seedbed preparation alone reduced A. myosuroides infestation level by 25% on average. No clear effect was found of increasing winter wheat seed rate from 300 to 400 seeds m−2. A combination of stale seedbed preparation and herbicide treatment in autumn and spring was found to be synergistic, improving weed control efficacy significantly and moreover reducing the variability in control efficacy and hence the risk for weed control failure.
28
Elmore, C. Dennis, Larry G. Heatherly und Richard A. Wesley. „Weed Control in No-till Doublecrop Soybean (Glycine max) Following Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) on a Clay Soil“. Weed Technology 9, Nr. 2 (Juni 1995): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023393.
Annotation:
Weed control was evaluated in no-till planted soybean in both burned and standing wheat stubble for 3 yr. High, intermediate, low, and no weed management following no-till planting of soybean were compared with a tilled treatment with high weed management. Herbicides for the high weed management were metribuzin plus metolachlor PRE followed by POST applications, as needed, of bentazon, acifluorfen, and fluazifop or quizalofop. Intermediate management included all of the above except metolachlor, plus the as-needed use of chlorimuron or lactofen POST. Low management had no PRE herbicide applications but included the above POST herbicides. Glyphosate was used as a preplant foliar applied desiccant in the stubble-planted soybean of all weed management levels. Yield of soybean was not affected by standing, burned, or tilled wheat stubble. Soil organic matter in the 0 to 2.5 cm of soil was not significantly affected at the end of the 3 yr. Yield of wheat was reduced by standing wheat stubble in the first year of the study. Total POST weed control was sufficient for maximum soybean yields in the second and third years of the study. The weed spectrum changed during the experiment for the no-weed-control treatment in soybean and in wheat. The major weeds present in soybean after 3 yr of no-till were southern crabgrass, nodding spurge, redvine, prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and johnsongrass; in wheat they were Italian ryegrass, little barley, mayweed chamomile, and hairy buttercup.
29
Barilli, E., M. H. Jeuffroy, J. Gall, S. de Tourdonnet und S. Médiène. „Weed response and crop growth in winter wheat–lucerne intercropping: a comparison of conventional and reduced soil-tillage conditions in northern France“. Crop and Pasture Science 68, Nr. 11 (2017): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16459.
Annotation:
Changing agricultural practices from conventional to conservation tillage generally leads to increased weed populations and herbicide use. To gain information about the possible use of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cover crop as an alternative and sustainable weed-control strategy for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was performed at Thiverval-Grignon, France, from 2008 to 2010. We compared conventional and reduced tillage as well as the presence and absence of living mulch (i.e. lucerne) on weeds and wheat production. Percentage soil coverage and aboveground biomass of wheat, lucerne and weeds were measured at the end of grain filling. Weed communities were analysed in terms of composition and diversity. During both seasons, wheat biomass did not significantly decrease in reduced-till trials compared with conventional ones (7.0 and 7.2 t ha–1, respectively, in 2008–09; 6.9 and 7.1 t ha–1 in 2009–10). Regardless of soil management, the percentage soil coverage by wheat significantly decreased when it was intercropped, although wheat biomass was not significantly reduced compared with the sole crop. To minimise cash-crop losses, we studied the competition between wheat, lucerne and weeds, testing various herbicide strategies. Early control of lucerne allowed better balance between weed control and wheat development. In addition, weed communities varied among treatments in terms of abundance and composition, being reduced but more varied in plots associated with lucerne. A functional group analysis showed that grasses benefited from reduced-till conditions, whereas problematic weeds such as annuals with creeping and climbing morphologies were substantially reduced. In addition, annual and perennial broad-leaf species with rosette morphology were also significantly decreased when lucerne was used as living mulch. Wheat production in reduced-till conditions intercropped with lucerne living mulch may be useful for integrated weed management, reducing the need for herbicides.
30
Abbas, Tasawar, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Muhammad Naveed, Mona S. Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh und Mohamed A. El-Esawi. „Field Performance of Allelopathic Bacteria for Biological Weed Control in Wheat: Innovative, Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhanced Crop Production“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 21 (27.10.2020): 8936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218936.
Annotation:
Application of allelopathic bacteria (AB) for weed suppression may be helpful to solve various environmental challenges posed by conventional weed control techniques. In our earlier studies, around 400 strains of rhizobacteria of five weeds and wheat were isolated, screened for production of phytotoxic substances, and tested for phytotoxic activity on wild oat and little seed canary grass, and possible effects on wheat under laboratory conditions. We obtained 13 strains inhibitory to wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and 11 to little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.). Five of these (13 and 11) strains also suppressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) while others either stimulated or remained ineffective on wheat in separate bioassays. The success of any weed biocontrol technique, however, depends on its response under field conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate biological weed control of the five most efficient strains of AB under natural conditions in pot and field trials. Wheat was artificially invaded with wild oat in the pot trial through seeding. Wheat of the field trial was artificially invaded with wild oat and little seed canary through seeding. The selected strains belonged to pseudomonads (Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescence, P. aeruginosa, and P. alcaligenes) and their inocula were prepared using sterilized peat. The inoculated seeds of wild oat and wheat were sown together in a pot trial. The inoculated seeds of wild oat, little seed canary grass, and wheat were sown together in the field experiment. The field was selected based on chronic infestation of these weeds. However, weed invasion was ensured by adding seeds of weeds (inoculated with the respective strains of AB, according to treatment plan). A severe invasion of wild oat was observed in the pot trial, which reduced the grain yield of infested wheat up to 60.8%. The effectiveness of applied strains controlled 22.0–76.3% loss of grain yield of infested wheat. Weed invasion in the field trial reduced the grain yield of the crop up to 56.3% and effectiveness of the applied strains controlled 29.0–60.7% loss of grain yield of infested wheat. The study of other agronomic, physiological, and chemical parameters of the crop and weeds supported these findings. Harnessing the potential of these strains exhibited in our studies may be helpful to introduce an innovative, sustainable, and eco-friendly weed control technique for production of wheat.
31
Valenti, Stephen A., und Gail A. Wicks. „Influence of Nitrogen Rates and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars on Weed Control“. Weed Science 40, Nr. 1 (März 1992): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057064.
Annotation:
Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) fertility and winter wheat cultivars on weed infestations in a winter wheat-ecofallow sorghum-fallow rotation near North Platte, NE. Centurk 78 and Lancota winter wheat suppressed density and growth of barnyardgrass and green foxtail significantly more than Eagle winter wheat before and after wheat harvest. Increasing N rates applied to winter wheat decreased annual grass weed population and weed yields. However, 67 and 101 kg N ha−1reduced winter wheat grain yields compared to 34 kg N ha−1. Plots treated at 2.8 plus 0.3 kg ai ha−1of atrazine plus paraquat 31 d after wheat harvest had more barnyardgrass before grain sorghum planting in 1983 than plots treated 17 d after wheat harvest but the reverse was true for green foxtail after grain sorghum emergence in 1984. Increasing N rates from 34 kg ha−1to 67 and 101 kg ha−1in the previous wheat crop decreased weed density before and after grain sorghum planting. There was no advantage in weed control in the grain sorghum from applying N to winter wheat in the fall vs. spring.
32
Marles, Susan M., Thomas D. Warkentin und Frederick A. Holm. „Field Pea Seed Residue: a Potential Alternative Weed Control Agent“. Weed Science 58, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2010): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00015.1.
Annotation:
Field pea seed from bin cleaning operations stored overwinter on nearby cropland was observed to correlate with weed and crop growth suppression for up to three subsequent years. To explore the phenomenon more explicitly, plant growth suppression trials were undertaken with soil sampled 18 mo apart from two locations that had contained field pea seed residues. Test plant species grown in the residue-affected and nearby residue-free soils were compared in greenhouse experiments. Germination was either fully inhibited or emergence was delayed by more than one week. Dry matter accumulation of test species grown in residue-affected soil was significantly reduced compared to dry matter of these test species grown in residue-free soil (P < 0.0001). Canola and field pea were inhibited more than wheat and green foxtail over both years. Greenhouse trials also revealed that germination of wild oat was inhibited in the residue-affected soils, although wheat and grassy weeds were less suppressed than dicots overall. Significant reductions of weed species diversity and abundance were correlated to residue-affected soils (P < 0.0001) when compared to residue-free soils using multi-response permutations procedures. Germination of wheat and canola seed was inhibited, using aqueous extracts of weathered pea seeds or extracts of the residue-affected soil in bioassays in sterile media. An allelopathic response was proposed to explain the above results, indicating a need for further research on this system. Weed management strategies could be developed with field pea seed residues to provide innovative weed control techniques.
33
Crose, Jodie A., Misha R. Manuchehri und Todd A. Baughman. „Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management in Oklahoma winter wheat“. Weed Technology 34, Nr. 2 (09.10.2019): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.99.
Annotation:
AbstractHalauxifen plus florasulam, thifensulfuron plus fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil plus bicyclopyrone are three, relatively new POST premix herbicides developed for control of broadleaf weeds in winter wheat. These herbicides, along with older products, were evaluated for their control of horseweed in Altus, Perkins, and Ponca City, Oklahoma, during the spring of 2017 and 2018. Horseweed has become a critical weed in Oklahoma because of its extensive germination window, changes in tillage practices, and increase in herbicide-resistant horseweed biotypes. Visual weed control was estimated every 2 wk throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected from three of the six site-years. Horseweed size ranged from 5 to 20 cm at time of application. The halauxifen plus florasulam, and thifensulfuron plus fluroxypyr combinations were effective at controlling a wide range of horseweed rosette sizes across all locations, whereas control with other treatments varied depending on presence of herbicide resistance, weed size at time of application, and mix partner.
34
Singh, Adesh. „Effect of herbicide combinations on weed dynamics, nutrient removal and yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under north western plain zone“. International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, Nr. 01 (30.06.2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.1.3.
Annotation:
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different weed control practices on weed dyanamics, nutrient uptake and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rabi seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Crop Research Centre of SVPUAandT, Meerut. The treatments comprising pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha, post emergence application of isoproturon @1200 g/ha, isoproturon+2,4-D @ 1200+600 g/ha, isoproturon+metsulfuron methyl @ 1200+4 g/ha, fenoxaprop -p-ethyl @ 80 g/ha, fenoxa prop -p-ethyl +2,4-D @ 80+600 g/ha, fenoxa prop -p-ethyl +metsulfuron methyl @ 80+4 g/ha, clodinafop propargyl @ 60 g/ha, clodinafop propargyl+2,4-D @ 60+600 g/ha and clodinafop propargyl+metsulfuron methyl @ 60+4 g/ha were tested with weed free and weedy check. Among the herbicides, application of clodinafop propargyl+ metsulfuron (60+4 g/ha) though statistically on par with clodinafop propargyl+ 2,4-D (60+600 g/ha) reduced the weed population significantly than weedy check (97.2%), clodinafop propargyl alone (88.0%), fenoxaprop -p-ethyl alone (83.0%), isoproturon alone (80.0%), isoproturon+metsulfuron (72.2%), pendimethalin (71.4%), isoproturon+2,4-D (53.8%), fenoxa prop -p-ethyl +2,4-D (53.8%) and fenoxa prop -p-ethyl + metsulfuron (40.0%) at 60 days after sowing stage. Among the herbicides, application of Clodinafop propargyl+ metsulfuron methyl (60+4 g/ha) as post emergence resulted into highest grain yield of wheat (49.28q/ha) which was on par with weed free and clodinafop propargyl+2,4-D @ 60+600 g/ha but statistically significant than rest of the treatments. Highest NPK uptake by grain and straw of wheat was recorded in weed free conditions compared to the herbicidal treatments, except lodinafop propargyl+metsulfuron methyl and clodinafop propargyl+ 2, 4-D. Highest removal of NPK (63.6 kg/ha) by weeds was recorded in weedy check whereas, the minimum NPK uptake (28.4 kg/ha) was noticed with the application of clodinafop propargyl+metsulfuron methyl due to efficient control of weeds (weed control efficiency 84.7%), which resulted in lowest weed dry matter in this treatments.
35
Głowicka-Wołoszyn, Romana, Andrzej Wołoszyn, Joanna Stanisławska, Agnieszka Kozera und Zuzanna Sawinska. „ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WEED CONTROL METHODS IN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION ON LARGE-SCALE FARMS“. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, Nr. 4 (18.12.2020): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5966.
Annotation:
In modern agriculture, on large-scale farms using monoculture, reduced tillage and intense chemical protection, the phenomenon of herbicide resistance in weeds is the cause of ecological and economic losses. More and more attempts are made to answer the question about the profitability of reducing agrotechnical treatments and intensifying chemical methods of weed control with a simultaneous intensification of the problem of herbicide resistance in weeds occurring in winter wheat crops, which dominates the structure of cereal sowing in Poland. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the costs of weed control for winter wheat cultivation on large-scale farms where there was no problem of weed resistance and on farms where resistant biotypes were identified. The research was based on a survey conducted among owners of farms cultivating winter wheat in 2019. The collected data were elaborated using basic methods of descriptive statistics and economic analysis. Based on the research results, it was found that with an increase in the area of farms, reduced tillage and monoculture are used more frequently than conventional tillage and crop rotation. At the same time, the commonly used chemical weed control methods are more frequently applied than mechanical ones. Economic efficiency indicators for winter wheat protection against weeds indicate a decrease in this efficiency with an increase in farm size. This is because the larger the farms, the more frequently the occurrence of resistant weed biotypes, which was confirmed by laboratory tests, and farmers more often assumed that such a problem occurred on their farms
36
Hamouz, P., K. Hamouzová, J. Holec und L. Tyšer. „Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield “. Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 3 (19.01.2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/599/2012-pse.
Annotation:
An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.
37
Soni, Neeta, Scott J. Nissen, Philip Westra, Jason K. Norsworthy, Michael J. Walsh und Todd A. Gaines. „Seed retention of winter annual grass weeds at winter wheat harvest maturity shows potential for harvest weed seed control“. Weed Technology 34, Nr. 2 (24.10.2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.108.
Annotation:
AbstractDowny brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass are problematic winter annual grasses in central Great Plains winter wheat production. Integrated control strategies are needed to manage winter annual grasses and reduce selection pressure exerted on these weed populations by the limited herbicide options currently available. Harvest weed-seed control (HWSC) methods aim to remove or destroy weed seeds, thereby reducing seed-bank enrichment at crop harvest. An added advantage is the potential to reduce herbicide-resistant weed seeds that are more likely to be present at harvest, thereby providing a nonchemical resistance-management strategy. Our objective was to assess the potential for HWSC of winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat by measuring seed retention at harvest and destruction percentage in an impact mill. During 2015 and 2016, 40 wheat fields in eastern Colorado were sampled. Seed retention was quantified and compared per weed species by counting seed retained above the harvested fraction of the wheat upper canopy (15 cm and above), seed retained below 15 cm, and shattered seed on the soil surface at wheat harvest. A stand-mounted impact mill device was used to determine the percent seed destruction of grass weed species in processed wheat chaff. Averaged across both years, seed retention (±SE) was 75% ± 2.9%, 90% ± 1.7%, and 76% ± 4.3% for downy brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass, respectively. Seed retention was most variable for downy brome, because 59% of the samples had at least 75% seed retention, whereas the proportions for feral rye and jointed goatgrass samples with at least 75% seed retention were 93% and 70%, respectively. Weed seed destruction percentages were at least 98% for all three species. These results suggest HWSC could be implemented as an integrated strategy for winter annual grass management in central Great Plains winter wheat cropping systems.
38
Wicks, Gail A., Paul T. Nordquist, Gordon E. Hanson und John W. Schmidt. „Influence of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars on Weed Control in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)“. Weed Science 42, Nr. 1 (März 1994): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500084113.
Annotation:
Winter wheat cultivars that are competitive with weeds help control weeds in crop rotations. Ten winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for interference with summer annual grasses in the wheat and the subsequent grain sorghum crop in a winter wheat-ecofallow sorghum-fallow rotation in which there are two 10–mo fallow periods and two crops in 3 yr during 1983 to 1987. The medium–tall (100 to 109 cm tall) and medium–statured (90 to 99 cm tall) winter wheat cultivars (‘Buckskin’, ‘Siouxland’, ‘Lancota’, ‘Centurk 78’, and ‘Brule’) were more competitive than medium-short (80 to 89 cm tall) and short (68 to 79 cm tall) cultivars (‘Eagle’, ‘Homestead’, ‘Colt’, ‘Vona’, and ‘TAM 101’). Atrazine plus paraquat was applied to all cultivars 30 d after wheat harvest. When grain sorghum was planted in areas previously seeded with medium–tall and medium-statured winter wheat, summer annual grass weed biomass in sorghum was 61% less than in grain sorghum seeded into areas previously planted with medium-short and short wheat cultivars. Use of pendimethalin plus 2,4–D in winter wheat and glyphosate plus alachlor in grain sorghum eliminated differences in summer annual grass weed density and weed biomass among wheat cultivars. Sorghum grain yields were improved 7% when herbicides were used in the winter wheat and sorghum but value of the increase was less than cost of herbicides. Substituting less costly herbicides for herbicides used in this study still would not have been enough to pay for cost of herbicides for five cultivars. Grain sorghum grown on weed–free stubble of medium–tall and medium–statured winter wheat produced more grain than grain sorghum grown after medium–short and short-statured winter wheat by 5%. Volunteer wheat density during the fallow period following grain sorghum was lower in areas originally seeded to Centurk 78 and Siouxland wheat while volunteer wheat density was higher in areas planted to Homestead and Vona.
39
KATAOKA, Takayoshi. „Studies on the technique of weed control in barley and wheat cultivation.“ Journal of Weed Science and Technology 33, Nr. 2 (1988): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.33.77.
40
Zerner, M. C., G. J. Rebetzke und G. S. Gill. „Genotypic stability of weed competitive ability for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes in multiple environments“. Crop and Pasture Science 67, Nr. 7 (2016): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15198.
Annotation:
Weed control in broadacre cropping systems is becoming increasingly difficult owing to widespread evolution of herbicide resistance in major weed species. The importance of crop competition in weed management is often overlooked but it can play an important role in cropping systems. Competitive ability of 86 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes varying for early vigour was investigated at two sites over two growing seasons against cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) as a weed mimic. There were significant (P < 0.001) treatment effects of weed, wheat genotype and weed × genotype interaction at the different sites. Mature crop height and early crop vigour were strongly correlated with improved weed suppression and tolerance. Negative correlation between early vigour (normalised difference vegetation index and visual score) and weed-free yield indicates the presence of some yield penalty in high-vigour (HV) lines. Wheat genotypes with high grain yield under weed-free conditions tended to suffer high yield loss from weeds (low tolerance) and allowed greater production of weed seed (low weed suppression). However, many of the HV lines produced significantly higher grain yield than the tested commercial cultivars under weedy conditions. The use of the Finlay–Wilkinson regression approach for assessing cultivar stability revealed a strong association between genotype mean weed suppression and stability across the four environments. Several HV lines showed consistently greater weed suppression than the wheat cultivars investigated. Genotypic variation was much greater for weed suppression than weed tolerance, suggesting greater opportunity for the selection of improved weed suppression in wheat. However, strong positive correlation between weed suppression and tolerance (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) suggests that wheat lines selected on the basis of high weed suppression may also exhibit improved weed tolerance.
41
Rani, S. Pratikshya, B. Duary und Sidhartha Priyatam. „Effect of Tillage and Weed management practices on Weed Control and Yield in Wheat“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Nr. 9 (10.06.2020): 2328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.285.
42
Herman, Charlotte, und Emily Hoover. „201 ALTERNATIVE WEED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR STRAWBERRIES IN THE ESTABLISHMENT YEAR“. HortScience 29, Nr. 5 (Mai 1994): 458a—458. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.458a.
Annotation:
The objective of our study was to establish first year strawberry plantings without using herbicides. `Honeyoye' transplants were set into plots measuring 6.1m × 7.32m on 21 May, 1993. Four treatments were established: winter wheat, a dwarf Brassica sp., napropamide (2.24kg/h), and no weed management. After the strawberry plants, cover crops (and some weeds) were fairly well established, (18 June) 6 week-old African “weeder” geese were put into half of each plot to graze. Weekly data was taken on the percentage of soil area covered with plant material, height and stage of development of plants, and weeds present. A weed transect was done in 6 July. Plant material was collected from each plot on 26 July and 16 Sept. in a 0.2m2 area, and dried. The most promising cover crop treatment was the dwarf Brassica for early season weed control. However, the herbicide treatment with no geese produced the best strawberry plant growth.
43
Zahan, T., MR Islam, MA Hossain, MF Hossain, Q. Naher, S. Ishtiaque und MA Ali. „Post-Emergence Weed Control of Strip-Planted Wheat by Herbicides“. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 23, Nr. 1 (04.11.2020): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i1.50124.
Annotation:
Transformation of a wheat field from conventionally heavy tillage to stripplanting is beneficial considering soil health improvement and savings in cultivation cost. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field of On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate some available post-emergence herbicides for managing weeds in strip-planted wheat var. BARI Gom-30 and to find out the most effective post-emergence herbicide and its suitable rate for controlling weeds under strip tillage system. Three postemergence herbicides (ethoxysulfuron, carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon and carfentrazone-ethyl) were tested at their label rate and double of the label rate and their performance were compared with two times manual weeded control treatment. The study revealed that application of ethoxysulfuron at label rate and double of the label rate was effective for grass weed control, but not for broadleaf weeds. Application of carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon both at label rate and double of the label rate was effective to control all types of weeds. Moreover, the highest grain and straw yields were recorded from label rate application of carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon and its double rate application was also offered similar results in case of grain and straw yields. However; considering undetermined herbicide residual issue and having adverse effect on wheat leaves and finally on yield, the study discourages double of the label rate application of carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon for managing weeds in wheat under strip tillage system.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 91-99
44
Dominic J, Sturm, Kunz Christoph, Peteinatos Gerassimos und Gerhards Roland. „Do cover crop sowing date and fertilization affect field weed suppression?“ Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 2 (07.03.2017): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2017-pse.
Annotation:
The weed suppressive ability of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.) cover crop is attributed to high competitiveness for resources and biochemical effects on weeds. The oilseed radish cover crop was sown in five treatments plus an untreated control over a period of five weeks before and three weeks after winter wheat harvest. Additionally, fertilization effects on oilseed radish biomass and weed suppression were measured. The highest biomass of the cover crop was observed 12 weeks after harvest (WAH) when the oilseed radish was sown one week after harvest (1 WAH) (2015) and five weeks before harvest (5 WBH) (2016). No differences of fertilization were observed concerning oilseed radish and weed biomass in 2015, whereby increased biomass was found after fertilization in 2016. The highest weed control efficacy of up to 83% and 90% was achieved in treatments 1 WAH (2015) and 5 WBH (2016) at 12 WAH. The early sowing of oilseed radish in winter wheat resulted in low germination and biomass yield within the field, due to low precipitation in 2015. Nevertheless, there is a high potential of early sown oilseed radish for higher weed control efficacy, which was demonstrated in 2016.
45
Olmstead, Mercy, Timothy W. Miller, Callie S. Bolton und Carol A. Miles. „Weed Control in a Newly Established Organic Vineyard“. HortTechnology 22, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2012): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.6.757.
Annotation:
Consumer demand for organic and sustainably produced products has increased the interest in organic wine grape (Vitis vinifera) production. However, organic production can be challenging, and weed management is a critical issue during the establishment of an organic vineyard. In 2009, the effectiveness of five cover crop treatments and cultivation regimes was evaluated for two years for weed control in a newly established organic vineyard of ‘Pinot noir précoce’ and ‘Madeleine angevine’ grape cultivars in northwestern Washington State. Alleyway management treatments were cultivation in alleyways with hand weeding in the vine row (control), grass cover crop which included perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. perenne) and red fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. arenaria) seeded in the alleyway and in-row tillage with a specialty offset-type cultivator, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cover crop with in-row string-trimming, austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum var. arvense) cover crop with in-row string-trimming, and winter wheat–austrian winter pea cover crop mix with in-row string-trimming. In 2009, weed dry biomass was lowest in the alleyway of the control (0.8 g·m−2) and offset cultivator treatments (6.3 g·m−2) on 3 Aug. and tended to be lowest in the alleyway of the control (4.8 g·m−2) and offset cultivator treatments (16.0 g·m−2) on 27 Sept. In the second year of establishment (2010), winter wheat and austrian winter pea were eliminated from the plots by mid-July, and white clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass were the dominant weed species and accounted for a majority of the total weeds. On average over the two-year period, the control treatment required the most time for alleyway management (92 h·ha−1) followed by the offset cultivator treatment (64 h·ha−1), while the winter wheat, austrian winter pea, and winter wheat–austrian winter pea mixture required 32 to 42 h·ha−1. ‘Madeline angevine’ produced more shoot growth than ‘Pinot noir précoce’ in Sept. 2010 (42.3 and 25.9 cm respectively), and shoot growth of both cultivars in the control treatment was significantly longer (125.0 cm) than under any other treatment (55.4 to 93.0 cm), illustrating the importance of weed control during vineyard establishment. In this study, the most effective weed management regime, although also the most time consuming, included a vegetative-free zone around the vines (e.g., in-row) maintained by hand weeding and a cultivated alleyway.
46
Nakayama, Soichi, Keiko Nakatani und Hideo Hamaguchi. „Control effects of soil-applied herbicides in soybeans sprayed over wheat-residue mulch“. Journal of Weed Science and Technology 55, Nr. 2 (2010): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.55.62.
47
Moyer, J. R., R. E. Blackshaw, E. G. Smith und S. M. McGinn. „Cereal cover crops for weed suppression in a summer fallow-wheat cropping sequence“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, Nr. 2 (01.04.2000): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-099.
Annotation:
Cropping systems in western Canada that include summer fallow can leave the soil exposed to erosion and require frequent weed control treatments. Cover crops have been used for soil conservation and to suppress weed growth. Experiments were conducted under rain-fed conditions at Lethbridge, Alberta to determine the effect of short-term fall rye (Secale cereale L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and annual rye cover crops in the fallow year on weed growth and subsequent wheat yield. Under favorable weather conditions fall rye was as effective as post-harvest plus early spring tillage or herbicides in spring weed control. Winter wheat and fall rye residues, after growth was terminated in June, reduced weed biomass in September by 50% compared to no cover crop in 1993 but had little effect on weeds in 1995. Fall-seeded cover crops reduced the density of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] but increased the density of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), and thyme-leaved spurge (Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers.) in the following fall or spring. Wheat yields after fall rye and no cover crop were similar but yields after spring-seeded annual rye were less than after no cover crop. Spring-seeded annual rye did not adequately compete with weeds. Cover crops, unlike the no cover crop treatment, always left sufficient plant residue to protect the soil from erosion until the following wheat crop was seeded. Key words: Allelopathies, fall rye, nitrogen, soil conservation, soil moisture, weed control, spring rye, winter wheat
48
Scott, Robert C., und Thomas F. Peeper. „Economic Returns from Broadleaf Weed Control in Hard Red Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)“. Weed Technology 8, Nr. 04 (Dezember 1994): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028712.
Annotation:
Seventeen on-farm and two experiment station experiments were conducted to evaluate farmers' decisions to apply broadleaf weed control herbicides to tillered hard red winter wheat in February or March with or without urea-ammonium nitrate (28-0-0) fertilizer carrier. The herbicides and rates varied by farm, but all farmers applied a residual sulfonylurea herbicide and four added a phenoxy herbicide. Most farmer-selected herbicide treatments controlled target weeds including bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, plains coreopsis, smallflowered bittercress, and wild buckwheat. Controlling these weeds increased wheat yield on only two farms. Farmer-selected, commercially applied treatments increased net returns at two of seventeen farms, decreased net returns at seven farms, and did not affect returns at eight farms. Net returns were increased over the farmer-selected treatments at two farms when half the farmer-selected rate of herbicide was used. Half-rate herbicide treatments controlled weeds up to 25% less than farmer-selected treatments. Weed control with the half-rate treatments ranged from 60 to 98%. None of the farmers expected that herbicide use would increase yield. Their primary objective was to have weed-free fields at harvest. Nitrogen rates appeared to be selected without a rational basis for decision making.
49
Abbas, Tasawar, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Muhammad Naveed, Sana Abbas, Mona S. Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh und Adnan Mustafa. „Large Scale Screening of Rhizospheric Allelopathic Bacteria and Their Potential for the Biocontrol of Wheat-Associated Weeds“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 10 (25.09.2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101469.
Annotation:
Conventional weed control practices have generated serious issues related to the environment and human health. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of alternative techniques for sustainable agriculture. The present study performed a large-scale screening of allelopathic bacteria from the rhizosphere of weeds and wheat to obtain biological weed control inoculants in the cultivation of wheat. Initially, around 400 strains of rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of weeds as well as wheat that grows in areas of chronic weed invasions. A series of the screen was performed on these strains, including the release of phytotoxic metabolites, growth inhibition of sensitive Escherichia coli, growth inhibition of indicator plant of lettuce, agar bioassays on five weeds, and agar bioassay on wheat. Firstly, 22.6% (89 strains) of the total strains were cyanogenic, and among the cyanogenic strains, 21.3% (19 strains) were inhibitory to the growth of sensitive E. coli. Then, these 19 strains were tested using lettuce seedling bioassay to show that eight strains suppressed, nine strains promoted, and two strains remained ineffective on the growth. These 19 strains were further applied to weeds and wheat on agar bioassays. The results indicated that dry matter of broad-leaved dock, wild oat, little seed canary grass, and common lambs’ quarter were reduced by eight strains (23.1–68.1%), seven strains (38.5–80.2%), eight strains (16.5–69.4%), and three strains (27.5–50.0%), respectively. Five strains suppressed the growth of wheat, nine strains increased its dry matter (12.8–47.9%), and five remained ineffective. Altogether, the strains that selectively inhibit weeds, while retaining normal growth of wheat, can offer good opportunities for the development of biological weed control in the cultivation of wheat.
50
Bordelon, Bruce P., und Stephen C. Weller. „Cover Crop Effects on Weed Control and Growth of First-year Grapevines“. HortScience 30, Nr. 4 (Juli 1995): 801E—801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.801e.
Annotation:
Four cover crops were evaluated for weed control and effects on first-year vine growth. Winter wheat (cv. Cardinal), rye (cv. Wheeler), oats (cv. Ogle), and hairy vetch (no cultivar name) were either fall- or spring-planted and compared to cultivated and weedy control plots. Cover crop and weed biomass dry weight was collected twice during the growing season. Vines (Vitis labrusca cv. Steuben) were planted in the spring and destructively sampled at the end of the growing season for analysis of leaf area, leaf number, shoot length., shoot number, top growth dry weight, and root system dry weight. None of the vines in cover crop treatments had growth as good as vines in the weed-free check. Vines in the best cover crop treatments had ≈70% as much leaf area, 75% as many leaves, 50% as much shoot dry weight, and 40% as much root dry weight as vines in the weed-free check. Cover crop biomass dry weight and vine growth was greater in fall-planted plots than in spring-planted plots. Despite low cover crop biomass dry weight, spring-planted plots had few weeds (low weed biomass dry weight). However, vine growth in spring-planted plots was not significantly different than vine growth in the weedy check.