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Mitchell, Todd. „Native Uses of Wetlands and Natural Resources Planning: The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community's Wetlands Cultural Assessment“. Practicing Anthropology 27, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.27.1.0m16543050n28544.
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Wetlands are defined based upon the presence of three essential characteristics: hydrophytic vegetation; hydric soils; and wetland hydrology. Wetland inventory and wetland habitat assessments are conducted in areas where wetlands need to be identified and ranked for regulatory protection measures. Typically the following methods are used: 1) identify wetlands through existing resources and produce a preliminary wetland inventory, 2) field verify wetlands, 3) assess wetland functions and values, and 4) develop watershed ranking. In order to evaluate and assess the relative importance or level to which a wetland performs a specific function, a functional assessment of the field-verified wetlands is conducted. Detailed scientific knowledge of wetland functions, sometimes known as functions and values, is often limited, so that evaluations of the functions of individual wetlands are qualitative and largely dependent upon professional judgment. Wetland functional valuations are still an evolving science. Therefore, better methods for valuations are being researched but until such methods are in general use by the scientific research community, the current and possibly inaccurate methods are in use.
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Yan, Ai Lan, Yi Ting Qi und De Wang Li. „Current Status of Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands Resources and Proposals for Protection and Management“. Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (Juni 2014): 3683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3683.
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A survey was conducted in Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands to study the baseline information, types, vegetation, characteristics, ecological values, construction and management. The results showed that: the total area of Hangjiahu plain wetlands coverage 181,800 hectares, involving 5 types. The natural resources were very rich in wetlands.There are 8 birds species under national protection and 4 wild plants under national protection. There are 10 wetland places under state protection by government. This is the Nature Protection Zone of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park, a name on the List of international wetlands.Taihu Wetland Park is National wetland park. Proposals on protection and management of the wetland were made by considering practical.
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Magure, Martin, Webster Gumindoga, Hodson Makurira und Donald Tendai Rwasoka. „Impacts of wetland loss and fragmentation on the hydrology of Zimbabwe's highveld“. Water Practice and Technology 17, Nr. 11 (08.09.2022): 2463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.107.
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Abstract Wetland loss and fragmentation are among the greatest threats to water resources in developed and developing countries. While several studies on wetland fragmentation have been done, a few have looked at impacts of wetland fragmentation on hydrology, with none having been done on Zimbabwe's highveld headwater catchments. There is a critical need to investigate the influence of wetlands on flow regimes of highveld headwater catchments, to understand the hydrological role that wetlands play in sustaining water resources. Endowed with dambos, marshes and riverine wetlands, Zimbabwe's highveld play a significant role in sustaining Zimbabwe's water resources, with major river systems originating from the highveld plateau, having wetlands as their source regions. Hydrologic impacts of wetland fragmentation on flow regimes of highveld headwater catchments i.e., Upper Manyame (Manyame catchment), Nyagui (Mazowe catchment) and Macheke (Save catchment) were analyzed for the period from 1984–2021. Analysis of landcover and wetland change as well as streamflow characteristics was done for 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014 and 2021 periods. Simulation of streamflow under wetland fragmentation was done using the topographically driven rainfall-runoff model (TOPMODEL), which was set up, calibrated and validated for the most sensitive parameters, which include scaling parameter (m), transmissivity (To) and root zone available water capacity (SRmax). Results from landuse/cover analysis for the period between 1984 and 2021 showed a decrease in wetland area, followed by an increase in built up area and bare land for the same period, owing to expansion of urban areas and cultivation into wetland areas. Hydrological simulation by TOPMODEL and flow duration curve analysis show that wetland fragmentation has resulted in increased peak flows, while low flows have declined for the three catchments. The findings of this research would be helpful in understanding the hydrological functions of highveld wetlands, providing the reference for protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources in the highveld catchments.
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Suir, Glenn M., Douglas A. Wilcox und Molly Reif. „Classification of Typha-dominated wetlands using airborne hyperspectral imagery along Lake Ontario, USA“. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, Nr. 2 (01.04.2021): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.02.18.
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Abstract Shoreline wetlands along Lake Ontario are valuable, multi-functional resources that have historically provided large numbers of important ecosystem goods and services. However, alterations to the lake’s natural hydrologic regime have impacted traditional meadow marsh in the wetlands, resulting in competition and colonization by dense and aggressive Typha angustifolia and Typha x glauca (Cattails). The shift to a Typha-dominated landscape resulted in an array of negative impacts, including increased Typha density, substantial decreases in plant species richness and diversity, and altered habitat and changes in associated ecosystem services. Successful long-term adaptive management of these wetland resources requires timely and accurate monitoring. Historically, wetland landscapes have been surveyed and mapped using field-based surveys and/or photointerpretation. However, given their resource- and cost-intensive nature, these methods are often prohibitively time- and labor-consuming or geographically limited. Other remote sensing applications can provide more rapid and efficient assessments when evaluating wetland change trajectories or analyzing direct and indirect impacts across larger spatial and temporal scales. The primary goal of this study was to develop and describe methodology using U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Coastal Mapping Program hyperspectral imagery, light detection and ranging data, and high-spatial resolution true-color imagery to provide updated wetland classifications for Lake Ontario coastal wetlands. This study used existing field-collected vegetation survey data (Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Monitoring Program), ancillary imagery, and existing classification information as training data for a supervised classification approach. These data were used along with a generalized wetland schema (classes based on physical and biological gradients: elevation, Typha, meadow marsh, mixed emergent, upland vegetation) to generate wetland classification data with Kappa values near 0.85. Ultimately, these data and methods provide helpful knowledge elements that will allow for more efficient inventorying and monitoring of Great Lake resources, forecasting of resource condition and stability, and adaptive management strategies.
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Muendoh, Anntonina Ngina, und Maurice Sakwa. „Wetland Vegetation Resources and Livelihood Outcomes of Yala Swamp Residents“. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, Nr. IV (2024): 1061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.804079.
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Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems, providing several goods and services that are of value to people. Never the less, there is limited evidence to attest to this value especially in wetland areas of Kenya. The study was conducted to assess the effects of wetland vegetation use on community member’s livelihoods. The research design of the project was a descriptive survey with a sample of 200 participants drawn from households in Yala swamp area. Data was collected from a sample of 146 households using a structured questionnaire. This represented a 73.2% response rate, which was considered sufficient for analysis and inference. The study showed that the wetland vegetation use has a positive influence on both improved healthcare and nutrition of the Yala swamp community members. The study concluded that wetland vegetation resources played an important role in ensuring the community members’ livelihood outcomes through improved incomes, healthcare, and better nutrition. The study recommends that wetland resources should be protected otherwise, their key functions could be impaired when wetlands are lost or degraded.
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Kakuru, Willy, Nelson Turyahabwe und Johnny Mugisha. „Total Economic Value of Wetlands Products and Services in Uganda“. Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/192656.
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Wetlands provide food and non-food products that contribute to income and food security in Uganda. This study determined the economic value of wetland resources and their contribution to food security in the three agroecological zones of Uganda. The values of wetland resources were estimated using primary and secondary data. Market price, Productivity, and Contingent valuation methods were used to estimate the value of wetland resources. The per capita value of fish was approximately US$ 0.49 person−1. Fish spawning was valued at approximately US$ 363,815 year−1, livestock pastures at US$ 4.24 million, domestic water use at US$ 34 million year−1, and the gross annual value added by wetlands to milk production at US$ 1.22 million. Flood control was valued at approximately US$ 1,702,934,880 hectare−1year−1and water regulation and recharge at US$ 7,056,360 hectare−1year−1. Through provision of grass for mulching, wetlands were estimated to contribute to US$ 8.65 million annually. The annual contribution of non-use values was estimated in the range of US$ 7.1 million for water recharge and regulation and to US$ 1.7 billion for flood control. Thus, resource investment for wetlands conservation is economically justified to create incentives for continued benefits.
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Saluja, Ridhi, Satish Prasad, Than Htway Lwin, Hein Htet Soe, Chloe Pottinger-Glass und Thanapon Piman. „Assessment of Community Dependence and Perceptions of Wetlands in the Upper Chindwin Basin, Myanmar“. Resources 12, Nr. 10 (22.09.2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12100112.
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Understanding the relationship between communities and wetland ecosystems is imperative to facilitate the development of wetland management and conservation strategies that can effectively safeguard wetland health and sustain the flow of ecosystem services. To understand the knowledge, attitude, and perception of communities on wetland ecosystem services, a survey was conducted involving 133 households from 4 villages dependent on 5 wetlands within the Upper Chindwin Basin (UCB), northwestern Myanmar. Most of the respondents extracted wetland resources for subsistence and income. A total of 84% of the households depended on wetland fish for their primary protein consumption, while 70% (n = 94) collected fuelwood from wetlands for subsistence. The survey participants unanimously recognized the benefits of wetland ecosystem services (i.e., provisioning benefits), particularly for fish, food, fiber, fuel, natural medicines, ornamental resources, and minerals. A total of 97% of the participants lacked knowledge of any existing law or regulation that ensures wetland protection in Myanmar. Furthermore, 87% of the respondents concurred that the government has not adequately endeavored to promote awareness of wetland conservation in this remote area due to lack of capacity and resources. This study establishes a baseline for the region and recommends designing and implementing a community-centric wetland action plan. This action plan provides a self-sustaining and cost-effective approach to conserve wetlands and is crucial in enhancing the capacity of dependent communities to participate and eventually lead wetland management of UCB.
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Adeeyo, Adeyemi O., Stanley S. Ndlovu, Linda M. Ngwagwe, Mulalo Mudau, Mercy A. Alabi und Joshua N. Edokpayi. „Wetland Resources in South Africa: Threats and Metadata Study“. Resources 11, Nr. 6 (03.06.2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11060054.
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Wetlands are important ecosystems with physical and economic benefits. However, many reports confirm the drastic loss of wetlands due to urbanisation and anthropogenic activities in many parts of the world. This study focused on the present-day state of wetlands in the Republic of South Africa. A meta-analysis was performed to elucidate the distribution and level of protection of selected wetlands. The classification of existing wetlands and the threat against wetlands were reported. Wetlands in South Africa are grossly endangered by human pollution, developmental activities, and invasive plants. From data obtained, about 47.89% of reported wetlands have a low level of protection and are thus susceptible to threats. The South African Department of Environmental Affairs protects most of the wetlands (28.17%) in the country. Major weaknesses identified for wetland degradation are the ignorance of people about the benefits of wetlands and the weak implementation of frameworks and policies that currently exist. The impact of legislations and policies on the preservation of wetlands is presented as well as the need for community education on environmental degradation. Therefore, the current state of several wetlands calls for urgent attention, and there is need for a strengthening of existing laws and policies in order to prevent wetland damage and extinction.
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H. O, Nwankwoala,, und Okujagu, D.C. „A REVIEW OF WETLANDS AND COASTAL RESOURCES OF THE NIGER DELTA: POTENTIALS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS“. Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, Nr. 1 (19.03.2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.01.2021.37.46.
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Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season. The Niger Delta in Nigeria is the largest wetland in Africa and the third largest mangrove forest in the world with three sites listed as Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance. The Niger Delta wetlands and coastal resources are of high monetary significance to the local dwellers and the nation in general. This highly coveted wetland is changing rapidly, raising concern for its attendant implication on the communities relying upon its ecosystem potentials. A comprehensive data of the facilities delivered by wetlands is a significant key for real-time wetland ecosystem management. Existing literatures, were synthesized for this review on the potentials, challenges and prospects of the Niger Delta wetlands. It is pertinent from this review that the Niger Delta Wetland is wealthy in aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity of high financial significance to development of Nigeria, and is being challenged by natural and human activities such as dam construction, logging/lumbering, over-grazing, unrestrained tilling of soil for crop production, wetland reclamation, dredging, oil and gas exploration, over-fishing, invasive plant infestation, pollution, Coastal Infrastructure construction, poverty, droughts, desertification, sand storm, alien invasion, sea rising, erosion, etc. The Niger Delta Wetlands harbor tremendous wealth and supply many services that are necessary for human well-being such as location for spiritual renewal and recreation (eco-tourism), flood control, climate regulation, crop pollination, soil regeneration, raw material, energy, air and water purification; food chain supply, and medicines (Herbal solutions). This review postulates that in view of the immense significance and status of the Niger Delta Wetlands, effective and sequential monitoring be put in place by the establishment of centers of excellence in all universities in the Niger Delta Region with emphasis on studying the rich economic diversity of the wetland using remote sensing and Geographic Information System technologies for efficient conservation and management of the wetland resources.
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Wang, Zecheng, Xinsheng Zhao, Qiongfang Ma, Lijuan Cui, Xueyan Zuo, Yunxi Lu, Yang Cai, Zhiguo Dou und Wei Li. „The Value of Surface Freshwater Supply Services in the Wetlands of Jilin Province, China“. Water 16, Nr. 2 (06.01.2024): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020203.
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Wetlands are ecologically and socioeconomically crucial areas. The application of economic valuation methods could ensure the sustainable utilization of wetlands. Utilizing wetland survey data from Jilin Province, China, representative of the years 2013 and 2017, we assessed the market value of water obtained from wetlands. Simultaneously, we employed the PLUS model to predict changes in wetland areas of different types over the next decade and analyzed their impact on the value of freshwater resource supplies. The results indicate the following points: (1) the area of wetlands decreased from 10,852.84 km2 in 2013 to 10,794.46 km2 in 2017 and that, in 2027, this was projected to further decrease to 10,614.37 km2, with river wetlands experiencing the most substantial decline; (2) the freshwater volumes in 2013 and 2017 were 20.81 × 108 and 20.09 × 108 m3, respectively, representing a 3.58% decrease. The volume for 2027 was projected to further reduce to 19.74 × 108 m3, with lake wetlands contributing the most to water resources and marsh wetlands contributing the least; and (3) the obtained total value of freshwater continuously increased, rising from CNY 8.384 billion in 2013 to CNY 8.642 billion in 2017, and this was projected to further increase to CNY 9.101 billion in 2027. There was regional variation in the value of wetland freshwater resource supplies, with differences in the per unit area and per capita value among administrative units. These findings can facilitate the optimal allocation of freshwater resources in Jilin Province, promoting its sustainable development while ensuring wetland conservation.
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Chen, Zhaoyong. „Discussion on Special Investigation Technical Scheme of Wetland Natural Resources“. 节能环保 4, Nr. 1 (2019): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/jnhb.2019.01.009.
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Wetland is an important national natural resource. It is of great significance to carry out the investigation of wetland natural resources, find out the wetland resources on the land and protect and utilize the wetland resources. The author briefly discusses the production experience of wetland special survey on the special wetland natural resources investigation.
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Foote, A. Lee, Sanjeeva Pandey und Naomi T. Krogman. „Processes of wetland loss in India“. Environmental Conservation 23, Nr. 1 (März 1996): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038248.
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SummaryWetlands in India supply crucial human and animal needs such as drinking water, protein production, fodder, water purification, wildlife habitat, and flood storage. Increased appreciation of uses and threats is essential to protect wetlands where justified. Three quarters of India's population is rural, it places great demands on India's wetlands and losses continue to occur. This paper is based on extensive discussions with natural resource managers, government employees, farmers, academicians, and resource users at dozens of sites in India, as well as an extensive literature search. Twelve important kinds of wetland loss are identified and mechanisms believed to be causing them discussed: (1) agricultural conversion, (2) direct deforestation, (3) hydrologie alteration, (4) inundation, (5) defoliation, (6) altered upper watersheds, (7) accumulative water demands, (8) water quality degradation, (9) wetland consolidation, (10) global climate change, (11) ground-water depletion, (12) exotic species and biodiversity. Wetland understanding, management, and Public awareness in India must continue growing if wetland resources are to remain functional.
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Ivaviciute, Giedre. „Wetland Area Change in Klaipeda County“. Baltic Surveying 16 (22.12.2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2022.16.006.
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Wetlands are the most important natural resources, they are the sources of biological, cultural, and economic diversity. The article presents an analysis of the current situation of the wetland area in Klaipeda county. Analytical, comparative, statistical, and logical analysis methods were used for the investigation. The aim of the investigation is to carry out the analysis of Klaipeda county's wetland area during the period between the years 2002 and 2022. In 2022, wetlands occupied 1.21 percent of Klaipeda's county, i.e. 6,337.53 ha. In 2002, the area of wetlands in Klaipeda county was 1.68 percent and occupied 8,748.33 ha. So, in Klaipeda county during the period between the years 2002 and 2022 wetland area decreased by 2,410.80 ha or 27.56 percent. After the analysis of the change in wetland areas in the districts of Klaipeda county, it can be seen that in all municipalities, wetland areas decreased in the period of 2002 – 2022. Many wetlands in Klaipeda county have been exploited and managed for various purposes. Large wetland areas have been drained and reclaimed mainly for agriculture and the establishment of human settlements. Monitoring and inventory of wetlands are important for of conserving and managing wetland resources. An important element of all peatland restoration projects is a programme of monitoring to check results and progress. The aim of the investigation is to carry out the analysis of the Klaipeda county wetland area during the period between the years 2002 and 2022.
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Xu, Ting, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Kun Wang, Xiangnan Li, Wuxia Bi, Meng Li, Xiangjun Cheng und Yinxue Liu. „Wetlands of International Importance: Status, Threats, and Future Protection“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 10 (22.05.2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101818.
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The 2303 Wetlands of International Importance distribute unevenly in different continents. Europe owns the largest number of sites, while Africa has the largest area of sites. More than half of the sites are affected by three or four impact factors (55%). The most significant impact factors are pollution (54%), biological resources use (53%), natural system modification (53%), and agriculture and aquaculture (42%). The main affected objects are land area and environment of the wetlands, occurred in 75% and 69% of the sites, respectively. The types most affected by land area occupation are river wetlands and lake wetlands, the types with the greatest impact on environment are marine/coastal wetlands and river wetlands, the type with the greatest impact on biodiversity is river wetlands, the types most affected by water resources regulation are marsh wetlands and river wetlands, and the types most affected by climate change are lake wetlands and marine/coastal wetlands. About one-third of the wetland sites have been artificially reconstructed. However, it is found that the proportions of natural wetland sites not affected or affected by only one factor are generally higher than that of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands, while the proportions of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands affected by three or four factors are generally higher than that of natural wetland sites. Wetland sites in the UK and Ireland are least affected among all countries. Wetland management plans in different regions still have large space for improvement, especially in Africa and Asia. The protection and restoration of global wetlands can be carried out in five aspects, including management and policy, monitoring, restoration, knowledge, and funding.
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Ye, Siyuan, Lixin Pei, Lei He, Liujuan Xie, Guangming Zhao, Hongming Yuan, Xigui Ding et al. „Wetlands in China: Evolution, Carbon Sequestrations and Services, Threats, and Preservation/Restoration“. Water 14, Nr. 7 (03.04.2022): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071152.
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China has a wetland area of 53.42 million hectares, the fourth largest in the world; it includes all types of wetlands defined by the Ramsar Convention and has a carbon sink capacity of more than 1.71 million metric tons per year. Inland wetlands in China are mainly distributed in 10 major catchments, among which the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the rivers in the northwest, and the rivers in the northeast each have more than 8 million hectares of wetlands. There are 4220 species of plants and 4015 species of animals in China’s wetland ecosystem. The wetland resources that have been developed and utilized include edible products, reeds for paper making, peat for fertilizer, fuel for power generation, and chemical, pharmaceutical, ceramic, and building materials. However, wetland areas in China have shrunk by about 54% since 1980. In recent years, China’s central government has set great store by Chinese wetlands, and although 49.03% of wetland area is now officially protected, many issues have confounded the implementation of that protection. It is imperative that knowledge gained from scientific research be used to formulate a sound wetland protection and management plan that takes into consideration social, economic, and ecological issues in a way that facilitates the sustainable use of wetland resources and informs decision-makers of the paths that must be followed to achieve that goal.
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Wang, Meiqing, Qian Cheng und Ruixin Chen. „Identification of Important Wetlands and Optimization of Landscape Patterns Based on Human Pressure Index: The Case of the Linghekou Wetland in China“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 10 (13.05.2024): 4082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16104082.
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The Linghekou wetland is a rich repository of ecological resources and serves as an important habitat for numerous rare and protected animals. However, due to a confluence of natural and anthropogenic factors, the ecological environment of the Linghekou wetland is facing a multitude of threats, including the reduction in wetland area, the degradation of wetland resources, and the instability of ecological structure. This paper employs an anthropogenic focus, utilizing the human pressure index (HPI), spatial autocorrelation, and cold and hot spot methods to identify crucial wetlands. These identified wetlands are then utilized as ecological source sites to optimize the landscape pattern of the Linghekou wetland, employing the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model. The final results indicated the identification of 6 ecological sources, 8 ecological corridors, and 42 ecological nodes. These were primarily concentrated in the southern region of the study area and were distributed in a reasonable manner. The method of identifying ecological sources when optimizing the landscape pattern with the MCR model was enriched by this approach. Additionally, the paper offers recommendations for the optimization of the landscape pattern of the Linghekou wetland and establishes a foundation for the protection and restoration of other similar wetlands.
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Guan, XianMing, Di Wang, Luhe Wan und Jiyi Zhang. „Extracting Wetland Type Information with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network“. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (18.05.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5303872.
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Wetlands have important ecological value. The application of wetland remote sensing is essential for the timely and accurate analysis of the current situation in wetlands and dynamic changes in wetland resources, but high-resolution remote sensing images display nonobvious boundaries between wetland types. However, high classification accuracy and time efficiency cannot be guaranteed simultaneously. Extraction of wetland type information based on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images is a bottleneck that has hindered wetland development research and change detection. This paper proposes an automatic and efficient method for extracting wetland type information. First, the object-oriented multiscale segmentation method is used to realize the fine segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images, and then the deep convolutional neural network model AlexNet is used to classify automatically the types of wetland images. The method is verified in a case study involving field-measured data, and the classification results are compared with those of traditional classification methods. The results show that the proposed method can more accurately and efficiently extract different wetland types in high-resolution remote sensing images than the traditional classification methods. The proposed method will be helpful in the extension and application of wetland remote sensing technology and will provide technical support for the protection, development, and utilization of wetland resources.
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Li, Yangli, Gaoyuan Wang, Tian Chen, Rui Zhang, Long Zhou und Li Yan. „Nature-Based Solutions in “Forest–Wetland” Spatial Planning Strategies to Promote Sustainable City Development in Tianjin, China“. Land 11, Nr. 8 (03.08.2022): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081227.
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Nature-based solutions are some of the most effective strategies to promote sustainable city development; however, existing research on NbS is mostly comprised of single variable studies rather than multiple variables. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of extending the NbS of a single variable to two variables for the better development of sustainable cities. Both forestation and wetland restoration are regarded as NbS for sustainable city development. The research approach of “forest–wetland” NbS was proposed and centers on the process and core issues of traditional NbS. Taking Tianjin as an example, the spatial patterns of forests and wetlands, correlation between the spatial distribution of forests and wetlands, and spatial correlation between the areas of forest growth and wetland growth within a certain distance in different years were studied using a spatial distribution pattern analysis, geographic concentration analysis, kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Based on the core issues of NbS and the above spatial analysis, a “forest–wetland” spatial planning strategy was formulated. The main conclusions are as follows: forest and wetland were negatively correlated in the whole area of Tianjin, forest resources w mainly located in north, while wetland resources were mainly located in south. Compared with forests, the spatial distribution of wetlands in Tianjin was more balanced. There exist synergy and trade-offs between forest and wetland area under certain circumstances. Growth of forests was positively correlated with the growth of wetlands, within a distance of 0–400 m from 2000 to 2010, and within a distance of 0–600 m from 2010 to 2020. An increase in forest area will lead to an increase in evaporation, which in turn will hinder the growth of wetlands in Tianjin. Forest–wetland ecological network could promote synergistic between forest and wetland, and grey infrastructure to reduce potential trade-off between forest and wetland.
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Deng, Yun-Cheng, und Xia Jiang. „Wetland Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China: New Efforts in Wetland Conservation“. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38, Nr. 1 (19.01.2023): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10115.
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Abstract In June 2020, legislation on the protection of wetlands was included in the 2020 legislative work plan of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China. After three deliberations by the National People’s Congress, the ‘Wetland Protection Law’ (WPL) was approved on 24 December 2021, and officially entered force on 1 June 2022. The WPL consists of seven chapters and sixty five articles, including but not limited to resource management, protection and utilisation for wetland resources, wetland restoration, supervision and inspection, and legal responsibilities. This article reviews this new law with a focus on its main institutional content and innovations.
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Barakagira, Alex, und Anton H. de Wit. „The role of wetland management agencies within the local community in the conservation of wetlands in Uganda“. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0006.
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Abstract Wetlands in Uganda are believed to be socio-economically important for providing water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, recreation, transport and agriculture among others. Bearing in mind the host of benefits wetlands provide to local communities, if they are harnessed without the mind, they could end up being over utilized and ultimately degraded and not continue to provide a stream of functions, attributes and services. This could be one of the primary reasons why special Departments and Institutions like the National Environment Management Authority and Wetlands Management Department were created to manage the country’s natural resources including wetlands. The study was initiated to explore how wetland management agencies influence members of the local community on matters concerning the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst four hundred households to collect information concerning the role of wetland management agencies among members of the local community for the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. More information was obtained from senior officials from the National Environment Management Authority, Wetland Management Department, and District Natural Resources Officers from the study area using a non-structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and direct observations were also used to collect data. The study revealed that gathering materials for building and for making crafts, agricultural activities, unsustainable mining of clay and sand for building contributed to wetland degradation. Some circumstances like high population growth, unclear wetland ownership, unawareness of the indirect functions of wetlands also contributed to wetland degradation. It was found that the wetland management agencies have been ineffective towards the conservation of wetlands mainly due to inadequate funding, political interference, and lack of specific judges for wetland related court cases among others. For wetland management agencies to effectively perform their duties leading to the protection and conservation of wetlands in Uganda, the study recommends that members of the local community should be allowed to practice wetland edge farming, fish farming in ponds constructed in wetlands, and to leave some parts of these vital wetlands that have been reclaimed to regenerate, in addition to addressing the main reported hindrances that are stifling the smooth running of the activities of the agencies.
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Hossain, Mohd Shahadat. „Climate Change Affects Wetland Resources in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Hakaluki Haor“. Scientific Research Journal 10, Nr. 1 (14.03.2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v10i1.5406.
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The wetlands of Bangladesh support a wide variety of floral and faunal diversity. Approximately half the area of the country can be considered as wetlands consisting of a wide variety of types ranging from haors, beels, lakes, rivers and coastal forests to deepwater paddy fields and ponds. The wetland resources of Bangladesh are of enormous economic importance. The present study has attempted to observe the present situation of existing condition of wetland resources. However these aquatic resources have been subjected to rapid degradation due to the increasing population pressure, habitat destruction as well as natural causes. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. Because of the critical conditions of the haor ecology, the government of Bangladesh declared Hakaluki as an Ecologically Critical Area (ECA) in April 1999.So the Hakaluki haor area is very important site for study as wetlands conservation practice. As there are some problems in conservation process, it is very important to try and find out the main causes of wetlands degradation and keep wetlands free from such harmful impacts. The study was initiated to find out the problems and propose some suggestions to develop the wetlands conservation process. The resources users were empowered with a collective effort to build institutions and implement sustainable use practices resulting in wetland resilience of the resources.
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PYROVETSI, MYRTO, und GEORGE DAOUTOPOULOS. „Contrasts in conservation attitudes and agricultural practices between farmers operating in wetlands and a plain in Macedonia, Greece“. Environmental Conservation 24, Nr. 1 (März 1997): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689299700012x.
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Conservation projects around the world have been impeded by conflicting land uses. In Greece, although agriculture is considered to have significant impacts on wetlands and adversely to have affected conservation, the attitudes of Greek farmers to wetlands and conservation have not been assessed. Data on demographic variables of farm operators, characteristics of the farming operation, irrigation practices, attitudes towards environment and the wetland resources, knowledge on the impact of agriculture on the local environment and opinions on the Common Agricultural Policy reform, were collected through a survey using personal interviews from a random sample of 196 farmers operating in two wetlands, Lakes Mikri Prespa and Kerkini (Ramsar sites), and 141 farmers operating in a plain, in Macedonia, northern Greece.Analysis of the data revealed that farmers practise crop and stock agriculture more intensively in wetlands than in the plain, and exploit wetland resources excessively. Hunting, fishing and wood harvesting are practised, and lake water is used intensively for irrigation by both groups of farmers, with no care for loss of the resources. Alternative methods of irrigation for improving efficiency of water use or alleviating hydrological pressures on the wetlands are not considered. Sustainability of agriculture is at risk as present practices result in impoverished soils, salinization of the fields and waste of water resources. Wetland farmers seemed to have a more negative attitude toward the wetland resources and seemed to be more ignorant of conservation issues or the impact of their practices on the environment than plain farmers. Moreover, their awareness and willingness to adopt an environmentally-friendly type of farming was very low.
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Boutilier, Leah, Rob Jamieson, Robert Gordon und Craig Lake. „Transport of Lithium Tracer and E. coli in Agricultural Wastewater Treatment Wetlands“. Water Quality Research Journal 43, Nr. 2-3 (01.05.2008): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.017.
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Abstract Agricultural waste must be managed effectively to protect surface and groundwater resources, as well as human health. Constructed wetlands can provide a low-cost environmentally acceptable method for the treatment of agricultural wastewater. An ionic tracer (Lithium chloride [LiCl]) and a biotracer (a naladixic acid-resistant strain of Escherichia coli) were injected into six pilot-scale constructed wetlands treating dairy wastewater: three surface-flow (SF) wetlands and three subsurfaceflow (SSF) wetlands. Each wetland was 3.9-m long and 1.7-m wide. Residence time distribution functions were calculated for each wetland to investigate the hydraulic behaviour of each system during winter and summer conditions. During the summer study, the mean residence times for SF wetlands 2, 4, and 6 were 12, 16, and 14 days, respectively, while the mean residence time for SSF wetlands 1, 3, and 5 were 23, 18, and 22 days, respectively. The longitudinal dispersion coefficients were in the order of 10-6 m2 s-1 for each wetland during the summer and winter. The mean residence time for SF wetlands 2, 4, and 6 during the winter study were 8, 10, and 10 days, respectively, while the mean residence time for SSF wetlands 1, 3, and 5 were 8, 9, and 10 days, respectively. E. coli effluent peaks often occurred prior to Li peaks, suggesting that bacteria may be motile within the wetland environment. This study suggests that dispersion is an important mass transport process in both SF and SSF wetlands. Long-term operation of SF and SSF treatment wetlands may cause reduced retention times and treatment efficiency due to organic matter accumulation and channelling. Cold winter temperatures may also increase the survival of bacteria within treatment wetland systems, decreasing the wetland's ability to reduce bacteria concentrations during the winter months.
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Xie, Pin Lei, Yu Lin Chen, Shu Cheng Chang, Jia Cong Li, Jia Long Zhou, Hai Yan Duan, Xian En Wang und Yu Wang. „Analysis of the Environmental Degradation and Ecological Water Requirement Process of the Typical Wetlands in Northeast China“. Advanced Materials Research 1014 (Juli 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.299.
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With the aggravation of water resources scarcity in northeast China at present, the area of the wetlands in the watershed has gradually decreased, and the ecotope is getting worse. In this article we take Xianghai wetland and Zhalong wetland as an example to study the process of ecological water requirement, so as to provide the basis for water environment protection. The results show that the suitable ecological water requirement of Xianghai wetland is 191.19 million m3, and the minimum ecological water requirement of Xianghai wetland is 74.32 million m3. While the suitable ecological water requirement of Zhalong wetland is 559.63 million m3, and the minimum is 217.39 million m3. The wetlands in northeast has four ecological water requirement characteristics, which includes that the northeast wetland ecological water requirement process assumes an M type; May is the month having the highest ecological water requirement of the wetland; the wetlands’ ecological water requirement shows a sharp decline in July; and the wetlands ecological water requirement becomes less in winter. The wetlands should choose a right time to make an ecological water supplement for the wetland, in order to alleviate the water shortage condition, and maintain the wetlands’ structure and function to play them normal roles.
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Lin, Wenpeng, Yuan Li, Dan Xu und Ying Zeng. „CHANGES IN LANDSCAPE PATTERN OF WETLAND AROUND HANGZHOU BAY“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3 (23.04.2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-153-2018.
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Hangzhou Bay is an important estuarial coastal wetland, which offers a large number of land and ecological resources. It plays a significant role in the sustainable development of resources, environment and economy. In this paper, based on the remote sensing images in 1996, 2005 and 2013, we extracted the coastal wetland data and analyzed the wetland landscape pattern of the Hangzhou Bay in the past 20 years. The results show that: (1) the area of coastal wetland is heading downwards in the recent decades. Paddy field and the coastal wetland diminish greatly. (2) the single dynamic degree of wetland of the Hangzhou Bay displays that paddy fields and coastal wetlands are shrinking, but lakes, reservoirs and ponds are constantly expanding. (3) the wetland landscape pattern index shows that total patch area of the coastal wetland and paddy fields have gradually diminished. The Shannon diversity index, the Shannon evenness index as well as the landscape separation index of the coastal wetlands in the Hangzhou Bay increase steadily. The landscape pattern in the study area has shown a trend of high fragmentation, dominance decreases, but some dominant landscape still exist in this region. (4) Urbanization and natural factors lead to the reduction of wetland area. Besides the pressure of population is a major threat to the wetland. The study will provide scientific basis for long-term planning for this region.
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Li, Yangli, Gaoyuan Wang, Tian Chen und Erli Zeng. „Spatial Planning Strategies for Wetlands Based on a Multimethod Approach: The Example of Tianjin in China“. Water 15, Nr. 19 (25.09.2023): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15193356.
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Wetlands form a crucial component of ecosystems, and wetland restoration serves as an effective strategy for promoting sustainable urban development. Spatial support is essential for wetland restoration, meaning that research on wetland spatial planning is of considerable importance. Existing studies on wetland spatial planning primarily focus on the analysis of wetland spatial distribution characteristics, with limited exploration of wetland spatial relationships. This paper aims to explore the potential of utilizing both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships to identify wetland spatial issues, thereby facilitating the formulation of wetland spatial planning strategies. Using Tianjin City as a case study, this research applies nearest neighbor analysis, the geographic concentration index, the Gini index, and kernel density analysis to identify the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands in Tianjin. Additionally, spatial autocorrelation analysis and connectivity analysis are employed to identify the interrelationships among wetlands in Tianjin. Based on the results derived from the analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships, wetland spatial planning strategies are proposed. The effectiveness of these strategies is validated using methods that consider both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships. The findings reveal that, although wetlands in Tianjin are widely distributed, large wetland patches are primarily concentrated in areas with abundant water resources, while the six districts within the city have few or no large patches of wetlands. The spatial distribution of wetlands is highly uneven, exhibiting patterns of high–high aggregation and low–low aggregation. The number of connecting paths between wetland patches is relatively low, indicating a generally low overall connectivity. While medium-sized and larger wetland patches maintain the connectivity of existing wetlands in Tianjin, small wetlands that serve as stepping stones are lacking. Following the implementation of planning strategies, there would be an increase in the wetland area in Tianjin, accompanied by significant improvements in the spatial distribution pattern and spatial relationships of the wetlands.
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Junk, Wolfgang J. „Long-term environmental trends and the future of tropical wetlands“. Environmental Conservation 29, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2002): 414–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000310.
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Tropical wetlands assume important functions in the landscape and contribute considerably to the welfare of large parts of the human population, but they are seriously threatened because they are considered free resources of land and water. This review summarizes long-term environmental trends for tropical wetlands and predicts their future to the time horizon 2025. Many tropical countries do not have the economic strength, scientific and technological capacity, and/or administrative infrastructure to adequately react to the challenges of increasing population pressure and globalization of the economy with respect to the sustainable use of the resources. Furthermore, political instability and armed conflicts affect large areas in several tropical countries, hindering wetland research and management. Detailed wetland inventories are missing in most countries, as are plans for a sustainable management of wetlands in the context of a long-term integrated watershed management. Despite large regional variability, a continental ranking shows, in decreasing order of wetland integrity, South America, Africa, Australia and Asia, while efforts to mitigate human impacts on wetlands are largest and most advanced in Australia. Analysis of demographic, political, economic and ecological trends indicates fairly stable conditions for wetlands in tropical Australia, slight deterioration of the large wetland areas in tropical South America excepting the Magdalena and Cauca River flood plains where human population is larger, rapidly increasing pressure and destruction on many African and Central American wetlands and serious threats for the remaining wetlands in tropical Asia, by the year of 2025. Policy deficiencies, deficient planning concepts, limited information and awareness and institutional weakness are the main administrative reasons for wetland degradation and must be overcome to improve wetland management and protection in future. Intensification of international cooperation and assistance is considered of fundamental importance for most tropical countries to solve problems related to wetland research, protection and sustainable management.
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Lü, S. B., S. G. Xu und F. Feng. „Floodwater utilisation values of wetland services – a case study in Northeastern China“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, Nr. 2 (15.02.2012): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-341-2012.
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Abstract. Water plays a significant role in wetlands. Floodwater utilisation in wetlands brings a wide range of wetland services, from goods production and water regulation to animal protection and aesthetics related to water supply in wetlands. In this study, the floodwater utilisation values of wetland services were estimated within the Momoge wetland and Xianghai wetland in western Jilin province of northeastern China. From 2003 to 2008, the floodwater diverted from the Nenjiang and Tao'er River is 381 million m3, which translates into a monetary value of approximately 1.35 billion RMB in 2008 (RMB: Chinese Currency, RMB 6.80 = US$ 1), and the ratio of economic value, eco-environmental value, and social value is 1:12:2. Besides the monetary value of the water itself, excessive floodwater utilisation may bring losses to wetlands; the threshold floodwater utilisation volumes in wetlands are discussed. Floodwater utilisation can alleviate water shortages in wetlands, and the evaluation of floodwater utilisation in wetland services in monetary terms is a guide for the effective use of the floodwater resources and for the conservation of wetlands.
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Marambanyika, Thomas, und Heinz Beckedahl. „Institutional arrangements governing wetland utilization and conservation in communal areas of Zimbabwe“. Review of Social Sciences 2, Nr. 1 (31.12.2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/rss.v2i1.71.
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<p>Based on household surveys and key informant interviews, the paper explores the consequences of existing institutional arrangements governing wetland access, utilization and conservation in six wetlands located in communal areas found in the central part of Zimbabwe. This was provoked by the fact that wetland ecosystem services are being lost in most developing countries despite the existence of institutions meant to promote their wise use. The results of the study indicated a complex multi-institutional involvement in wetland resources governance. The roles and relationship of participating institutions often compromised wetland resources conservation as a result of conflicts, confusion and tensions exacerbated by divergent motives. There was no homogeny in number of institutions determining utilization at each wetland as well as their degree of influence on management decisions, a situation resembling lack of consistency in existing institutional structure at communal level. Given the proximity of traditional leaders and wetland committees to the people and wetlands and poor participation of government agencies, an institutional structure which place local institutions at the core of the governance system should be formulated. This should be complemented by a clear framework which promotes inter-co-ordination of institutional roles and clarification of their relationships in order to minimize discord in execution of their duties; a situation observed to currently influence degradation of wetland ecosystems. The necessary policy and legal framework to support this institutional framework should be put in place as well as resources for its operations. </p>
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Du, Yuanda, Renqing Wang, Haijie Zhang und Jian Liu. „Antitumor Constituents of the Wetland Plant Nymphoides peltata: A Case Study for the Potential Utilization of Constructed Wetland Plant Resources“. Natural Product Communications 10, Nr. 2 (Februar 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000203.
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The efficient utilization of plant resources is a necessary and important measure for sustainable management of constructed wetlands. Screening bioactive metabolites from wetland plants could reveal potential solutions for the utilization of constructed wetland plant resources. In this study, the constructed wetland macrophyte Nymphoides peltata was screened for constituents with antitumor activity. The secondary metabolites of N. peltata were extracted and separated by MCI gel, silica gel, and Sephadex gel column chromatography. Antitumor tests were then carried out with MTT assay against the human prostate cancer cell PC3 and the human osteosarcoma cell U2OS. The secondary metabolite group with the most significant antitumor activity was further examined, and four constituents were obtained and identified. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential efficient utilization of N. peltata and other constructed wetland plant resources.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul A. Omondi und Abdirizak A. Nunow. „Effects of Human Settlements on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin, Kenya“. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, Nr. 2 (12.07.2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.181.
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Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard to environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the effects of human settlements on the conservation of the Sondu River Basin. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin’s formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analysed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul A. Omondi und Abdirizak A. Nunow. „Impacts of Farming Activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin in Kericho County, Kenya“. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, Nr. 2 (14.07.2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.182.
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Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard for environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the farming activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin Kericho County, Kenya. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design, which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin's formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.
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Li, Zhaobin, Lei Ma, Dongmei Gou, Qianqian Hong, Leungkam Fai und Bo Xiong. „The Impact of Urban Development on Wetland Conservation“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 21 (24.10.2022): 13747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113747.
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Wetland is an integrated ecosystem which includes ecosystems such as hydrology, soil, vegetation, and biological environments. At present, the urbanization rate of China’s national economic development process is rapidly increasing, and by the end of 2021, the urbanization rate of China’s resident population will be 64.72%. This paper analyzes the hydrological effects of urbanization, the impact of water resources, climate change, and biodiversity on wetland ecosystems, and also analyzes the role of wetlands on the ecological environment, especially in terms of ecological and cultural values. The economic and social benefits of the whole society are also analyzed. The ecological and social benefits of urban wetlands have made their conservation and sustainable development increasingly important worldwide. Based on the current situation of China’s urban wetland protection and restoration, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for China’s urban wetland protection. This is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of the urban wetland ecosystem, promoting the operation of the market, realizing the optimal allocation of ecological resources, improving the benefits of ecological environmental protection, and promoting the coordinated development of the ecological environment. This paper provides a reference for the better development of wetland conservation under urbanization development conditions.
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Cheng, Qian, Lin Fei Zhou und Yu Long Zhang. „Monetary Value Evaluation of Liaohe River Estuarine Wetland’s Ecosystem Service Function“. Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (Mai 2012): 1180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1180.
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In order to achieve sustainable use of Liaohe River estuarine wetland ecosystems resources, this article calculated and analysed the monetary value of service functions for Liaohe River estuarine wetland. The wetland’s monetary value of service functions equals to direct use value plus indirect use value and non-use value. Using method of map data visual interpretation and the classification of functional zones, we identified nine main functions of wetland ecosystem services, classified the wetland’s functional zones. And the monetary value is calculated based on the functional zones with map data after visual interpretation. Conclusions can be made that the ecosystem service function's monetary value of Liaohe River estuarine wetland is a large amount, increasingly awareness on scientific conservation and development of resources should be taken into account.
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Cao, Rui, Jingyu Wang, Xue Tian, Yuanchun Zou, Ming Jiang, Han Yu, Chunli Zhao und Xiran Zhou. „Post-Restoration Monitoring of Wetland Restored from Farmland Indicated That Its Effectiveness Barely Measured Up“. Water 16, Nr. 3 (26.01.2024): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16030410.
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In the context of wetland restoration, the reconstruction of an ecosystem’s structure typically manifests within a relatively short timeframe, while the restoration of its function often necessitates an extended period of time following the implementation of restoration measures. Consequently, it becomes imperative to engage in the comprehensive, long-term dynamic monitoring of restored wetlands to capture timely information regarding the ecological health status of wetland restoration. In this paper, we aimed to precisely assess the ecosystem health of a typical wetland that had been converted from farmland to wetland in Fujin National Wetland Park in 2022. We selected 18 ecological, social, and economic indicators to establish a wetland ecological health evaluation model, and then used the method of an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate the weights for each indicator and acquire the ecological health index (EHI) score. The results of our study revealed that the ecosystem health index was 3.68, indicating that the FNWP wetland ecosystem was in “good” condition; this result was mainly affected by wetland water quality (0.382). The ecological health assessment of restored wetlands can monitor wetland ecological resources and provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of restored wetlands.
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Liu, Huaxin, Qigang Jiang, Yue Ma, Qian Yang, Pengfei Shi, Sen Zhang, Yang Tan et al. „Object-Based Multigrained Cascade Forest Method for Wetland Classification Using Sentinel-2 and Radarsat-2 Imagery“. Water 14, Nr. 1 (03.01.2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010082.
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The development of advanced and efficient methods for mapping and monitoring wetland regions is essential for wetland resources conservation, management, and sustainable development. Although remote sensing technology has been widely used for detecting wetlands information, it remains a challenge for wetlands classification due to the extremely complex spatial patterns and fuzzy boundaries. This study aims to implement a comprehensive and effective classification scheme for wetland land covers. To achieve this goal, a novel object-based multigrained cascade forest (OGCF) method with multisensor data (including Sentinel-2 and Radarsat-2 remote sensing imagery) was proposed to classify the wetlands and their adjacent land cover classes in the wetland National Natural Reserve. Moreover, a hybrid selection method (ReliefF-RF) was proposed to optimize the feature set in which the spectral and polarimetric decomposition features are contained. We obtained six spectral features from visible and shortwave infrared bands and 10 polarimetric decomposition features from the H/A/Alpha, Pauli, and Krogager decomposition methods. The experimental results showed that the OGCF method with multisource features for land cover classification in wetland regions achieved the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 88.20% and 0.86, respectively, which outperformed the support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and deep neural network (DNN). The accuracy of the wetland classes ranged from 75.00% to 97.53%. The proposed OGCF method exhibits a good application potential for wetland land cover classification. The classification scheme in this study will make a positive contribution to wetland inventory and monitoring and be able to provide technical support for protecting and developing natural resources.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul Omondi und Abdirizak A. Nonuw. „Assessing effects of Human Activities Kipranye Wetland, Sondu Miriu River Basin, Kericho County, Kenya.“ East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 4, Nr. 1 (11.11.2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.4.1.471.
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Governments, researchers, and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, sustainable use of the wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of the wetlands by individuals, organizations, and even government agencies with no regard for environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of human activities on Kipranye wetland, Sondu Miriu river basin, Kericho County. The specific objective of the study was to assess the effects of the human activities on wetlands. The study was grounded on the Systems Theory and Integrated Water Resource Management Theory. The study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The sample population of the study was 162 respondents in which a sample of 124 respondents were selected accounting for 76.5%. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged inhuman activities that affected wetland conservation. The results of the study inform on policy and practice in the management and conservation of Kipranye wetlands. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building. and construction and settlements were immense in the study area and they hamper conservation of Kipranye wetland. There was a gap in the integration of the legal framework to manage wetlands in the study area. The following conclusions were derived from the study wetlands in the study area need urgent redemption and reclamation; inclusion of the local communities in the conservation of the Kipranye river wetlands would enable the people to take responsibility and own the solutions to the problem. There is a need for an integrated approach to their planning and sustainable use. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources in conjunction with NEMA and the County Government could formulate policies and technical tools needed to counteract the lack of appropriate information and intervention failure that cause wetlands to be used in an unsustainable way
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Zhu, Yueyun. „Application of artificial wetland technology in Miyun Reservoir water management“. Applied and Computational Engineering 58, Nr. 1 (30.04.2024): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/58/20240737.
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In recent years, with the increasing attention to environmental pollution, water quality management has become an important part of protecting water resources and maintaining ecological balance. And as an important means of water pollution remediation, artificial wetlands have gradually received widespread attention. Miyun Reservoir, as an important drinking water source in Beijing, is particularly important for water quality management. As an ecological restoration technology, artificial wetland has significant water quality improvement effect by simulating and improving the function of natural wetland. Therefore, artificial wetland has important scientific research and practical significance in the water management of Miyun Reservoir. In this paper, we will discuss the application of artificial wetland in water management of Miyun Reservoir, and summarise the results and conclusions of the study, highlight the impact and significance of the study, and look forward to the future research direction. By exploring the application of artificial wetlands in reservoir water management, it is expected to provide scientific basis and technical support for water resource management departments and decision makers, and contribute to the improvement of water quality and ecological restoration of Miyun Reservoir.
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Xing, Liwei, Liang Chi, Shuqing Han, Jianzhai Wu, Jing Zhang, Cuicui Jiao und Xiangyang Zhou. „Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Wetland in Dongting Lake Based on Multi-Source Satellite Observation Data during Last Two Decades“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 21 (30.10.2022): 14180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114180.
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Monitoring the dynamics of wetland resources has practical value for wetland protection, restoration and sustainable utilization. Dongting Lake wetland reserves are well known for both their intra-annual and inter-annual dynamic changes due to the effects of natural or human factors. However, most wetland monitoring research has failed to consider the seasonal wetlands, which is the most fragile wetland type, requiring more attention. In this study, we used multi-source time series remote sensing data to monitor three Dongting Lake wetland reserves between 2000 and 2020, and the seasonal wetlands were separated from permanent wetlands. Multispectral and indices time series were generated at 30 m resolution using a two-month composition strategy; the optimal features were then selected using the extension of the Jeffries–Matusita distance (JBh) and random forest (RF) importance score; yearly wetland maps were identified using the optimal features and the RF classifier. Results showed that (1) the yearly wetland maps had good accuracy, and the overall accuracy and kappa coefficients of all wetland maps from 2000 to 2020 were above 89.6% and 0.86, respectively. Optimal features selected by JBh can improve both computational efficiency and classification accuracy. (2) The acreage of seasonal wetlands varies greatly among multiple years due to inter-annual differences in precipitation and evaporation. (3) Although the total wetland area of the three Dongting Lake wetland reserves remained relatively stable between 2000 and 2020, the acreage of the natural wetland types still decreased by 197.0 km2, and the change from natural wetland to human-made wetland (paddy field) contributed the most to this decrease. From the perspective of the ecological community, the human-made wetland has lower ecological function value than natural wetlands, so the balance between economic development and ecological protection in the three Dongting Lake wetland reserves requires further evaluation. The outcomes of this study could improve the understanding of the trends and driving mechanisms of wetland dynamics, which has important scientific significance and application value for the protection and restoration of Dongting Lake wetland reserves.
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Nyarko, Benjamin Kofi. „Wetland River Flow Interaction in a Sedimentary Formation of the White Volta Basin of Ghana“. Earth Science Research 9, Nr. 1 (04.01.2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n1p15.
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Groundwater resources in the floodplain wetlands of the White Volta River basin of Ghana is a major source of water for irrigation activities of communities living around and baseflow to sustain the flow of the river. Hydrology of the floodplain wetlands in the basin is complex, characterized by temporally variable storage volumes with erratic contribution to streamflow. For the continual usage of groundwater resources in the floodplains there is a need to study the form of interaction between the main river and floodplain wetlands. The study, adopted the PM-WIN (MODFLOW) model for simulating the interaction between the wetland and stream. Additionally, the lower boundary discharge output from the HYDRUS-1D model is the estimated recharge. This input quantifies the temporal and spatial variations in sub-surfaces discharges in the floodplain wetland. The simulation of the sub-surface hydraulic head of the wetland indicates a systematic variation relative to the White Volta River response to changes in the rainfall pattern. The interaction conditions vary from season to season with March, April, and May showing the least leakage (estimated values of 0.03 mm/day, 0.06 mm/day, and 0.15 mm/day, respectively) from the river into the floodplain wetland. Notably, the interaction between the wetland and the river as simulated is bidirectional. With most of the flow coming out from the river into the floodplain wetland, this condition persists in the months of August and September.
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Kameri Ochoko, John, Suzan Luyiga und Bernad Barasa. „The Mediating Role of Management Functions (Planning, Implementation, and Control) in Influencing the Restoration of Limoto Wetland“. American Journal of Environment Studies 6, Nr. 2 (17.05.2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1465.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the gap between wetland management functions and the extent of wise use and sustainable harnessing of livelihood opportunities through restoration programs. This study contributes to the comprehension of wetland management functions concerning wetland restoration through the promotion of sustainable livelihoods.
Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and interviews. FGD was conducted with five groups of beneficiaries of livelihood options. Interviews were carried out with seven key informants who were thought to be knowledgeable about the wetland restoration alternative livelihood options. These included local council chairmen from communities near the wetland, village opinion leaders, district natural resources officers, IUCN Representatives, NEMA officials, and the wetland department.
Findings: Results showed a positive but insignificant relationship between planning function and restoration activities. Furthermore, results also indicated a negative significant relationship between implementation and restoration activities. Finally, findings revealed that there was a relationship between the control function and restoration activities. It was found out that Wetland restoration is a process that helps to transform the wetland area that has been impacted by human or natural activity into an area that can sustain native habitats. Wetlands cover 6% of global and 13% of Uganda's land cover. Over the past forty-five years, wetlands have lost 30% and 36% of land cover globally and in Uganda respectively.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: Many wetlands, particularly those in rural Uganda are, however, getting degraded through mainly conversion of land use to agriculture, exploitation, and settlements despite the existing resource management regime. The study recommends inclusive management functions to achieve a successful wetland restoration.
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Walbridge, Mark R., und Danal D. Hook. „Managing Global Wetland Resources“. Ecology 70, Nr. 1 (Februar 1989): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938441.
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Walbridge, Mark R. „Managing Global Wetland Resources“. Ecology 70, Nr. 1 (Februar 1989): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938442.
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Walbridge, Mark R. „Managing Global Wetland Resources“. Ecology 70, Nr. 1 (Februar 1989): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938440a.
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Zhang, Shanfeng, Zhengjun Cheng, Wenfeng Liang und Liang Ding. „For the Better Protection of Wetland Resources: Net Value of Ecosystem Services after Protective Development of Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou, China“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 7 (29.03.2023): 5913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075913.
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Wetlands are valuable urban resources and can provide various ecosystem services for cities. In order to face the continuous urbanization and market economy environment, relevant government-related management, decision-makers, and stakeholders can make objective and comprehensive value judgments and decide the fate of urban wetland resources. Our quantitative approach to the ecosystem services value provided by wetlands produced clear, direct, and persuasive monetization data. The assessment of the net value of ecosystem services (NES) provides one such method. Considering the transition of the Xixi Wetland into the Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou as an example, we first determined the calculation model of its NES. Second, we utilized the equivalent factor, contingent valuation, travel cost, and benefit transfer methods to calculate its value of ecosystem services (VES), service cost, and NES. The results are shown below. In 2016, the VES of Xixi Wetland park was RMB 16.973 billion, NES was RMB 16.938 billion, and service cost was RMB 34.8158 million. The value of cultural services was the main contributor to NES, which accounted for 99.27% of the total. Real estate appreciation, cultural heritage, and recreational value were the main contributors to its cultural service value. Third, through the scenario comparison, we concluded that the NES of the protective development model (the wetland park mode) adopted by Xixi Wetland was RMB 3.186 billion more than that of the protection model. In other words, the protective development model is more practical and sustainable for protecting the Xixi Wetland. Finally, the limitations and shortcomings of the study are summarized.
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Li, Cheng, Hanwen Cui und Xiaolin Tian. „Remote Sensing Image Segmentation of Wetlands in Macau Based on Machine Learning“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2665, Nr. 1 (01.12.2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2665/1/012006.
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Abstract Wetlands are essential components of our natural ecosystems, performing critical functions that contribute to biodiversity conservation, water purification, climate regulation, and shoreline protection. Remote sensing classification of wetlands, wetland resource surveys and other wetland research is booming, for the development of environmental protection policies continue to provide reliable data. Macau is a coastal city with rich wetland resources, but there is no relevant research on wetlands in Macau. In this paper, we use the high spatial resolution remote sensing data from Gaofen-2 satellite to extract the wetlands of Macau SAR to fill the gap of related research. This paper used two distinct machine learning classifiers, including Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), to analyse the high spatial resolution remote sensing data of GF-2 satellite in order to extract wetlands in Macau Special Region Area. In this research, the accuracy of RF model is much higher than that of SVM model, comparing the indexes of overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient. After analysing the resultant images generated after segmentation, the image segmentation result of RF model is better than that of SVM model. As for the RF model, the overall accuracy (OA) is 0.9941 and Kappa coefficient is 0.9899.
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Cheng, Qian, Lin fei Zhou und Tie liang Wang. „Eco-environmental water requirements in Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland based on multi-source remote sensing data“. Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, Nr. 2 (23.03.2018): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.050.
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Abstract With rapid economic development and expansion of urban boundaries, increasingly damaged wetland resources have seriously threatened the ecosystem. The study of eco-environmental requirements of wetlands is not only the basis of water resources allocation in development and utilization, but also for creating a sustainable system to maintain and improve the overall ecosystem. In this study, we used the Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland as our study area. The breakdown of wetland cover types was extracted based on multi-source remote sensing data, providing the graphic database for ecological water requirement calculation. According to the characteristics of the Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland ecosystem, the methods of quantifying the components of ecological water requirements were determined. The results showed that the optimum ecological water requirement of the total wetland was 239 million m3. The minimum, 75th percentile frequency, and 95th percentile frequency water requirements were 670 million m3, 921 million m3, and 1,078 million m3, respectively.
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Ping, Wang, Jie Fu, Wenyu Qiao, Muhammad Yasir, Sheng Hui, Md Sakaouth Hossain und Shah Nazir. „Decision Support System for Hyperspectral Remote-Sensing Data of Yellow River Estuary, China“. Scientific Programming 2021 (27.10.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1376167.
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There are many wetland resources in the area where the Yellow River enters the sea. This area has good ecological and economic value. Therefore, wetlands are precious resources. The accuracy of traditional wetland classification methods is low (for example, based on the support machine method). In order to explore ways to improve the accuracy of wetland classification, this paper selected the wetland at the mouth of the Yellow River as the study area. And, we used the hyperspectral data of “Zhuhai No. 1” as the research data. Then, we used the logarithmic transformation method to enhance the spectral characteristics of remote-sensing images. Finally, we used Markov random field method (MRF) and support vector machine method (SVM) to finely classify the wetlands in the Yellow River estuary area. We used these experiments to explore wetland classification methods for hyperspectral data. The results showed that the settings of the coupling coefficient and the initial value in the Markov model had a greater impact on the classification results. We found that the best result was when the initial classification number is 50 and the coupling coefficient is 0.5. Compared with the SVM classification method, the overall classification accuracy of our proposed method was improved by 3.9672%, and the Kappa coefficient was improved by 0.042.
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Felton, Benjamin R., Gina L. O’Neil, Mary-Michael Robertson, G. Michael Fitch und Jonathan L. Goodall. „Using Random Forest Classification and Nationally Available Geospatial Data to Screen for Wetlands over Large Geographic Regions“. Water 11, Nr. 6 (01.06.2019): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061158.
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Wetland impact assessments are an integral part of infrastructure projects aimed at protecting the important services wetlands provide for water resources and ecosystems. However, wetland surveys with the level of accuracy required by federal regulators can be time-consuming and costly. Streamlining this process by using already available geospatial data and classification algorithms to target more detailed wetland mapping efforts may support environmental planning efforts. The objective of this study was to create and test a methodology that could be applied nationally, leveraging existing data to quickly and inexpensively screen for potential wetlands over large geographic regions. An automated workflow implementing the methodology for a case study region in the coastal plain of Virginia is presented. When compared to verified wetlands mapped by experts, the methodology resulted in a much lower false negative rate of 22.6% compared to the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) false negative rate of 69.3%. However, because the methodology was designed as a screening approach, it did result in a slight decrease in overall classification accuracy compared to the NWI from 80.5% to 76.1%. Given the considerable decrease in wetland omission while maintaining comparable overall accuracy, the methodology shows potential as a wetland screening tool for targeting more detailed and costly wetland mapping efforts.
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He, Ping, Zifei Mao, Yue Zou, Xueya Chen und Yuanxing Cai. „Research on Application Status of 3S Technology in Wetland“. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 14, Nr. 2 (Mai 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1196.
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This paper analyzes the research status of 3S technology in China's wetlands. The research of 3S technology in wetland landscape pattern and driving force analysis is increasing day by day. Most of the research uses 3S technology to calculate the landscape index, and reveals the change rule of wetland landscape pattern characteristics with natural and human factors from the type scale and landscape scale. The use of 3S technology for wetland information extraction and dynamic monitoring research is gradually increasing. In most studies, wetland information was extracted according to different classification criteria, and spatio-temporal characteristics of wetland were analyzed based on area change, spatial distribution and shape change. With the development, planning and protection of wetland resources, the advantages of 3S technology will become more prominent.