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Berninger, Kati, Jari Koskiaho und Sirkka Tattari. „Constructed wetlands in Finnish agricultural environments: balancing between effective water protection, multi-functionality and socio-economy / Małe sztuczne zbiorniki wodne w krajobrazie rolniczym Finlandii: ochrona jakości wody na tle wielozadaniowych funkcji tych zbiorników i aspektów socjalno-ekonomicznych“. Journal of Water and Land Development 17, Nr. 1 (01.12.2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-012-0029-5.
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Abstract This case study summarizes the current knowledge in Finland on the efficiency of constructed wetlands to improve water quality at the same time providing multiple benefits. The efficiency is highly dependent on the wetland’s relative size compared to the upstream catchment area, and on the amount of agricultural land in the upstream catchment. The case study analyses the incentives designed to motivate landowners to construct wetlands in Finland such as the non-productive investment support and the agri-environment payment support for wetland management. Farmers think that the support system is heavy and bureaucratic, and thus the target number of new constructed wetlands is far from being met. Individual projects have been more successful in wetland construction than the official support system. General wetland plans drafted for hotspot areas is an example of enabling factors and strict eligibility rules form one of the barriers of wetland construction identified in this case study. In spite of the criticism of the current wetland incentives, a support system for wetland construction is needed. One option would be to give regional authorities more freedom to select priority areas according to e.g. River Basin Management Plans.
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Zuo, Jin, und Qin Yan. „Recycling Inter-Feed Relationship between Wetlands’ Protective Using and Eco-Town Construction“. Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (Oktober 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1085.
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As the wetlands has decreased and degenerated badly due to human’s excessive use, it becomes to be a hotspot in international academe’s forefield to resume and rebuild wetlands. Simply opposing protection to using can effectively ease up the stress of wetland’s degradation in a short term, but is disadvantageous to wetland’s sustainable development. This article takes Tianjin Qilihai wetland as example, aiming at its existing problems, sums up two kinds of infection genes – exterior representation and interior motivation, and intensively analyzes the sticking point from three aspects – economic, acknowledgement and mechanism. It suggests that basing on the idea of accretion and co-prosperity, we can divide wetland area into three zone – core zone, buffer zone and experimental zone, and then let the interior dispersive inhabitants and production activities move out to the intensively constructed eco-town. Thus we can make scientific use of wetland’s economical value and promote circumjacent industries’ transformation. Moreover, by the recycling use of water on a model of source separation combined with wetland classification, the quantity of regenerated water would reach 18.25 million cubic meters. By the Low Impact Development (LID) strategies in the control and use of rainfall and flood, the quantity of rainwater for use would reach 8.62 million cubic meters per year. In this way, the wetlands’ ecological conservation would obtain regurgitation-feeding, the construction of eco-town would be organically combined with protection and using of wetlands, and an effective system of wetlands’ sustainable development and using would be established.
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Bolton, Lise M. W., und Keith G. E. Bolton. „Design, construction and performance of a horizontal subsurface flow wetland system in Australia“. Water Science and Technology 68, Nr. 9 (19.10.2013): 1920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.434.
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Malabugilmah is a remote Aboriginal community located in Clarence Valley, Northern NSW, Australia. In 2006, seven horizontal subsurface flow wetland clusters consisting of 3 m × 2 m wetland cells in series were designed and constructed to treat septic tank effluent to a secondary level (Total Suspended Solids (TSS) < 30 mg/L and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) <20 mg/L) and achieve >50% Total Nitrogen (TN) reduction, no net Total Phosphorus (TP) export and ≥99.9% Faecal Coliform (FC) reduction. The wetland cell configuration allowed the wetlands to be located on steeper terrain, enabling effluent to be treated to a secondary level without the use of pumps. In addition to the water quality targets, the wetlands were designed and constructed to satisfy environmental, economic and social needs of the community. The wetland systems were planted with a local Australian wetland tree species which has become well established. Two wetland clusters have been monitored over the last 4 years. The wetlands have demonstrated to be robust over time, providing a high level of secondary treatment over an extended period.
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White, G. C., I. C. Smalls und P. A. Bek. „Carcoar Wetland – A Wetland System for River Nutrient Removal“. Water Science and Technology 29, Nr. 4 (01.02.1994): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0183.
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During December, 1991 the NSW Department of Water Resources commenced construction of an artificial wetland at the upstream end of Carcoar Dam near Blayney in central western NSW. The principal function of the wetland is to reduce nutrient inputs, especially phosphorus, from the Belubula River into Carcoar storage and consequently lower the incidence of blue-green algal blooms which occur most summers. The wetland is a multi-faceted project involving substantial research and community involvement. Construction of the wetland weir and levees was completed during April, 1992. Stage one of the wetland planting program ran from October to December, 1992 with stage two scheduled for the same period in 1993. The wetland will not be operational until December, 1993. However, even at this early point in the project, significant experience has been gained in design, construction, planting and establishment of comprehensive community involvement programs for large constructed wetlands on the flood plain. This paper outlines the background to the wetland, the design of the wetland system and its construction primarily as a nutrient removal mechanism in the Belubula River. The paper also outlines the direction of research undertaken and the role and nature of community involvement in various aspects of the project.
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Higgins, James, und Michael Maclean. „Technical Note — The Use of a Very Large Constructed Sub-Surface Flow Wetland to Treat Glycol-Contaminated Stormwater from Aircraft De-Icing Operations“. Water Quality Research Journal 37, Nr. 4 (01.11.2002): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.053.
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Abstract All of the pollutants found in stormwater runoff at airports, including surface and aircraft de-icing/anti-icing glycols, can be treated and removed to low levels in well-designed sub-surface flow (SSF) constructed wetland systems. There are two common forms of constructed wetlands used for pollution control: those where water flows over the surface among wetland plants (free water surface or marsh type wetlands); and SSF types where the wastewater flows below the normally dry surface of a gravel substrate in which the wetland plants grow. SSF wetlands have no open water to attract waterfowl and are particularly suitable for use at airports. Of the glycol used at Edmonton International Airport (EIA), 80 to 90% eventually entered surface runoff. Edmonton International Airport's operator, the Edmonton Regional Airports Authority (Edmonton Airports) evaluated a number of glycol management options, including constructed wetlands. As a result, a very large SSF wetland system was installed to handle glycol-contaminated stormwater. This paper reviews results of a feasibility study carried out to define design parameters and scale up kinetics for this wetland system, the detailed design that resulted, the SSF wetland's construction, and the start-up of the Edmonton facilities in August of 2000. It also compares the Edmonton wetland system with a similar facility at Heathrow Airport in the United Kingdom.
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Wang, Bo, Huan Hui Huang und Ping Bin Jin. „The Roles and Applications of Wetlands in Eco-City Construction — Taking Ruian City as an Example“. Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (Mai 2012): 6088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.6088.
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In the process of urbanization, We always neglect the issue of environmental protection. In recognition of this problem, we begin to think about the way to solve it. We find that wetlands have important ecological and environmental functions, which play an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and the conservation of biological diversity. Especially, urban wetlands are playing an irreplaceable role in eco-city construction. The article takes Ruian city as an example to discuss the utility of natural wetland and constructed wetland in eco-city construction. We conclude that to construct an eco-city, Ruian should focus on pollution control, at the same time, we can make use of natural wetland and constructed wetland to make Ruian more beautiful and ecological.
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Zheng, Yuexin, Guangxin Zhang, Yanfeng Wu, Y. Jun Xu und Changlei Dai. „Dam Effects on Downstream Riparian Wetlands: The Nenjiang River, Northeast China“. Water 11, Nr. 10 (29.09.2019): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102038.
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Many studies have found that damming a river can change downstream hydrology, sediment transport, channel morphology, and fish habitat. However, little is known about river dam effects on downstream riparian wetland dynamics and their quantitative relationship with hydrological alterations. In this study, hydrological time series and wetland distribution data spanning nearly 40 years (1978–2016) before and after the construction of a large dam in 2005 across the Nenjiang River in Northeast China were used to reveal the impact of dam on the downstream discharge regime and wetland degradation. Hydro-statistical and stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to quantify the relationship of riparian wetland area with a metrics of 33 hydrological indicators. Dam construction caused decline in peak discharge, flood frequency, and magnitude. Moreover, 150 km riparian wetlands along the downstream of the dam was largely reduced. The count and duration of high flow pulses, 1-day maximum, and date of maximum discharge changed significantly after the dam construction. The hydrological changes have made a significant contribution to the 44% reduction in riparian wetlands following the dam construction. Our results indicated that hydrological alterations caused by dam regulation led to the area reduction of downstream riparian wetlands. The findings provide relevant information for developing best dam operation practices to protect and restore downstream wetland ecosystems.
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Bu, Lin. „Planning and Design for Constructed Wetlands Based on the Ecological Landscape“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (Juli 2014): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.662.
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Urban constructed wetland, effectively used in sewage disposal and ecological restoration, has unique advantages in urban ecological construction. With the development of the ecological landscape concept, constructed wetland gradually has become an important urban ecological landscape. Based on ecological concepts, ecological principle, technical principle and aesthetic principle of planning and the layout, process, landscape, plants and other key issues of design were discussed for the constructed wetland. In this paper, taking Zhongxiang City, Jingmen, Hubei Province as an example, the treatment technology, functional layout and ecological landscape of constructed wetlands were designed based on the analysis of location and site. Through the planning and construction of constructed wetlands, the quality of urban water environment would be improved and the urban water environment with the characteristics of Zhongxiang would be formed, promoting the urban construction to be more green, ecological and livable.
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Yan, Ai Lan, Yi Ting Qi und De Wang Li. „Current Status of Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands Resources and Proposals for Protection and Management“. Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (Juni 2014): 3683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3683.
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A survey was conducted in Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands to study the baseline information, types, vegetation, characteristics, ecological values, construction and management. The results showed that: the total area of Hangjiahu plain wetlands coverage 181,800 hectares, involving 5 types. The natural resources were very rich in wetlands.There are 8 birds species under national protection and 4 wild plants under national protection. There are 10 wetland places under state protection by government. This is the Nature Protection Zone of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park, a name on the List of international wetlands.Taihu Wetland Park is National wetland park. Proposals on protection and management of the wetland were made by considering practical.
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Meng und Dong. „LUCC and Ecosystem Service Value Assessment for Wetlands: A Case Study in Nansi Lake, China“. Water 11, Nr. 8 (31.07.2019): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081597.
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Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. A healthy wetland ecosystem is important to the development of a regional and even global economy, and it is also beneficial to the human living conditions. In this paper, remote sensing (RS), landscape metrics were used to analyze the land use/land cover change (LUCC), landscape pattern change and the ecosystem services value (ESV) from 1987 to 2017 in Nansi Lake wetland of China. The results showed: 54.4% of the natural wetlands in Nansi Lake were replaced by constructed wetlands in the past 30 years, the ecosystem was degraded and the landscape structure was fragmented due to the severe drought in 2002 and the development of aquaculture and tourism in recent years. The ESV of Nansi Lake wetland fluctuated from 1987 to 2017, and the average annual ESV ($8134/hm2) was much lower than that of global and China’s wetlands, the LUCC driven by human production and economic development leads to the reduction of ESV, especially the rapid increase of constructed wetlands. Finally, the implications of wetland laws and policies, wetland monitoring, assessment and database construction, and wetland regional development strategies were discussed for wetland protection and management.
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Zhang, Xuliang, Xingxiu Yu, Zhaohui Zhang, Zongjun Xu, Shujian Xu und Bo Xu. „Ecosystem service values of wetlands of the National Wetland Park of Wu River, northern China“. Forestry Chronicle 89, Nr. 02 (April 2013): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-031.
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On the basis of primary data from field surveys and literature analysis, and through market value, replacement cost and contingent value methods the 2010 ecosystem service value (ESV) of wetlands in the National Wetland Parks was calculated as approximately US $20 000 ha−1 yr−1. The construction of the National Wetland Park has increased the ESV of the park's wetlands. The indirect utilitarian value is approximately 90.8%, direct utilitarian value 3.8% and intrinsic value 5.4%. The wetland park plays a critical role in increasing the local residents’ income and improving their living conditions.
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Li, Yikai, Yu Ye, Xiuqi Fang, Chengpeng Zhang und Zhilong Zhao. „Loss of wetlands due to the expansion of polder in the Dongting Plain, China, AD 1368–1980“. Holocene 30, Nr. 5 (07.01.2020): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619895574.
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The Dongting Plain is an area characterized by wetland losses because of long-term polder construction. The study of historical polder expansion provides an opportunity to better understand the loss of wetlands covered by polders. To reconstruct the polder expansion over time, the polder patches extracted though remote sensing were marked with the names obtained from maps and the times of construction obtained from local gazetteers, and shown in the chronological order of turning points. Then, the distribution and changes in the wetlands covered by polders during 1368–1980 were reconstructed. The following are the major findings: (1) the current polders (2010s) accumulated over many centuries. There were 5.7% of the current polder area in 1644, 14.0% in 1735, 23.4% in 1850, 55.0% in 1911, 73.6% in 1949, and 100% in 1980; (2) the wetlands were mostly lost in the northern part of the region and declined rapidly over the past two centuries. The wetland area in 1850 was 6635 km2, which in 1911, 1949 and 1980 were 73.9%, 62.7% and 40.6% of that in 1850, respectively; (3) there were differences in the rate of wetland loss. The fastest time of wetland area disappearance was in 1949–1980, and 45.8 km2 of the wetlands had been lost each year; and (4) there was a spatial difference in wetland losses caused by polder expansion. In the northern part of the area, the wetland loss was mainly in 1851–1980, and the polders constructed in this period covered 89.5% of the polder area. In contrast, in the southern part of the area, the change in the wetland area was relatively small in each period, and the polder constructed before and after 1850 covered 48.3% and 52.7% of the polder area, respectively.
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Rash, Jonathan K., und Sarah K. Liehr. „Flow Pattern Analysis of Constructed Wetlands Treating Landfill Leachate“. Water Science and Technology 40, Nr. 3 (01.08.1999): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0176.
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Three series of tracer studies were performed on three constructed wetlands at the New Hanover County Landfill near Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. One vegetated free water surface wetland (FWS-R), one vegetated subsurface flow wetland (SSF-R), and one unvegetated control subsurface flow wetland (SSF-C) were studied. A conservative tracer, lithium chloride, was used to study the chemical reactor behavior of these wetlands under normal operating conditions. Results indicated that short-circuiting is quite common in SSF wetlands, while FWS wetlands are well-mixed and not as subject to short-circuiting. These results were obtained from and reinforced with tracer measurements at interior points in these wetlands, analysis of residence time distributions from two different formulations, and the construction of residence volume distributions. The short-circuiting in the SSF wetlands can be attributed to the following: (1) Vertical mixing is inhibited by a combination of physical barriers and density gradients caused by rainfall and runoff dilution of the upper layer; and (2) Leachate is drawn from the bottom of the wetland, causing it to further prefer a flow path along the bottom.
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Volik, Olena, Matthew Elmes, Richard Petrone, Eric Kessel, Adam Green, Danielle Cobbaert und Jonathan Price. „Wetlands in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: the nexus between wetland hydrological function and resource extraction“. Environmental Reviews 28, Nr. 3 (September 2020): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2019-0040.
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Oil sands development within the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) has accelerated in recent decades, causing alteration to natural ecosystems including wetlands that perform many vital ecosystem functions such as water and carbon storage. These wetlands comprise more than half of the landscape, and their distribution and local hydrology are the result of interactions among a subhumid climate, topography, and spatially heterogeneous surficial and bedrock geology. Since hydrology plays a fundamental role in wetland ecological functioning and determines wetland sensitivity to human disturbances, the characterization of anthropogenic impacts on wetland hydrology in the AOSR is necessary to assess wetland resilience and to improve current best management practices. As such, this paper reviews the impacts of oil sands development and related disturbances including infrastructure construction, gravel extraction, and land clearing on wetland function in the AOSR. Hydrologic disturbances in wetlands in the AOSR include changes to soil hydrophysical properties that control water table position, the interruption of recharge–discharge patterns, and alteration of micrometeorological conditions; these in turn govern wetland ecological structure and wetland ecosystem processes (e.g., evapotranspiration, nutrient cycling). Given that anthropogenic disturbance can affect natural wetland succession, long-term hydrological monitoring is crucial for predicting the response of these ecosystems to varying levels of human impact.
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Shrestha, R. R., R. Haberl, J. Laber, R. Manandhar und J. Mader. „Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Nepal“. Water Science and Technology 44, Nr. 11-12 (01.12.2001): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0855.
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Surface water pollution is one of the serious environmental problems in urban centers in Nepal due to the discharge of untreated wastewater into the river-system, turning them into open sewers. Wastewater treatment plants are almost non-existent in the country except for a few in the Kathmandu Valley and even these are not functioning well. Successful implementation of a few constructed wetland systems within the past three years has attracted attention to this promising technology. A two-staged subsurface flow constructed wetland for hospital wastewater treatment and constructed wetlands for treatment of greywater and septage is now becoming a demonstration site of constructed wetland systems in Nepal. Beside these systems, five constructed wetlands have already been designed and some are under construction for the treatment of leachate and septage in Pokhara municipality, wastewater in Kathmandu University, two hospitals and a school. This paper discusses the present condition and treatment performance of constructed wetlands that are now in operation. Furthermore, the concept of the treatment wetlands under construction is also described here. With the present experience, several recommendations are pointed out for the promotion of this technology in the developing countries.
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Zhang, Wan Yi, und Min He. „On the Planning and Construction of Wetland Park“. Advanced Materials Research 663 (Februar 2013): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.185.
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The paper explains the formation, development process, connotation and characteristics, so as to make it clear that the Wetland Parks are important for the utilization and protection of wetland. The paper also explains in detail the principles, direction and major points of the planning and construction of Wetland Parks. Then finally the writer’s suggestions for the construction of Wetland Park are expressed, and the future of Wetland Park is predicted. More and more widespread concern and attention has been attracted to wetland for its unique and important ecological, social and economic functions. Our country is strengthening the construction of wetland nature reserves, while we actively encourage the local to construct multifunctional Wetland Parks. Wetland Park, cultivates natural assets and expands environmental capacity. It functions in wetland ecosystem services in variety aspects, while it meets the needs of economic development of human society. At the same time, planning and construction of Wetland Parks is the effective and innovative means to create a good urban living environment.
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Li, Heying, Jiayao Wang, Jianchen Zhang, Fen Qin, Jiyuan Hu und Zheng Zhou. „Analysis of Characteristics and Driving Factors of Wetland Landscape Pattern Change in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015“. Land 10, Nr. 6 (27.05.2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060564.
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The study of the temporal and spatial evolution of wetland landscapes and its driving factors is an important reference for wetland ecological restoration and protection. This article utilized seven periods of land use data in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015 to extract the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands and analyze the temporal and spatial changes of wetlands in Henan Province. Transfer matrix, landscape metrics, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis were applied to calculate and analyze the transformation types and area of wetland resources between all consecutive periods, and then the main driving factors of wetland expansion/contraction were explored. First, the total wetland area in Henan Province increased by 28% from 1980 to 2015, and the increased wetland area was mainly constructed wetlands, including paddy field, reservoir and pond, and canal. Natural wetlands such as marsh, lake, and floodplain decreased by 74%. Marsh area declined the most during 1990–1995, and was mainly transformed into floodplain and “Others” because of agricultural reclamation, low precipitation, and low Yellow River runoff. The floodplain area dropped the most from 2005 to 2010, mainly converted to canals and “Others” because of reclamation, exploitation of groundwater, the construction of the South–to–North Water Transfer Project, and recreational land development. Second, the results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that economic factors were positively correlated with the area of some constructed wetlands and negatively correlated with the area of some natural wetlands. Socioeconomic development was the main driving factors for changes in wetland types. The proportion of wetland habitat in Henan Province in 2015 was only 0.3%, which is low compared to the Chinese average of 2.7%. The government should pay more attention to the restoration of natural wetlands in Henan Province.
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Mora, Jordan W., John N. Mager III und Douglas J. Spieles. „Habitat and Landscape Suitability as Indicators of Bird Abundance in Created and Restored Wetlands“. ISRN Ecology 2011 (22.09.2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/297684.
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We used aerial photography, field measurements, and bird surveys to evaluate 7 Ohio mitigation wetlands for their capacity to support avian guilds at both local and landscape scales. At the local scale, we assessed each wetland with habitat suitability indices (HSI) for eight wetland-dependent bird species as indicators for four guilds: wading, diving, dabbling, and emergent dependent. We characterized landscapes within 2.5 km of each wetland by measuring the buffer width, road density, connectedness, and anthropogenic land development. The changes in landscape variables over time were determined by comparison of aerial photos taken near the time of wetland construction and near the time of this study. Bird abundance data were poorly correlated with HSI scores but were well described with logistic models of buffer width, wetland area, and road density. Our results suggest that landscape variables are better predictors of bird abundance than HSI scores for these guilds in these wetlands.
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Kefeli, Valentine I. „Water cleaning and wetland construction“. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 29, Nr. 4 (2007): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2007.014225.
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Qin, Yu Qian. „The Problems of Wetlands in our Country and the Researches“. Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (Dezember 2012): 3242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3242.
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The characteristics and current situation of China’s wetlands are discussed, the reasons that cause environmental degradation of China’s wetlands are analyzed in this article. The emphases of research on domestic west lands are summarized from three aspects that function and benefit development of wetlands, construction of wetland reserves, restoration and reconstruction of wetlands, in addition, the development trend of future research on wetlands is prospected.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul A. Omondi und Abdirizak A. Nunow. „Effects of Human Settlements on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin, Kenya“. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, Nr. 2 (12.07.2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.181.
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Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard to environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the effects of human settlements on the conservation of the Sondu River Basin. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin’s formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analysed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul A. Omondi und Abdirizak A. Nunow. „Impacts of Farming Activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin in Kericho County, Kenya“. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, Nr. 2 (14.07.2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.182.
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Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard for environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the farming activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin Kericho County, Kenya. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design, which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin's formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.
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Wang, Jiaming, Yunfei Zhang und Xueyi Du. „Research on the Construction of Dongying Wetland City during the “14th Five-Year Plan”“. E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 03085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124803085.
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The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to place ecological civilization construction in the important position of “five in one”, and with the transformation of economic development mode, focusing on high-quality, scientific, and reasonable urban development model has become the research focus of experts and scholars, with certain theories And practical significance. Taking the opportunity of Dongying being rated as an “International Wetland City”, this article studies the construction of Dongying Wetland City during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period. Starting from the investigation of the current situation, it analyzes the current situation of Dongying City’s wetland and puts forward the problems in the construction of Dongying City’s wetland city. Combing the experience of Haikou, Berlin, Freiburg, and Vienna experience in wetland city construction at home and abroad, and analyzed the wetland foundation from the four perspectives of wetland protection, wetland restoration, wetland utilization, and wetland management, and proposed Dongying The city’s policy recommendations for wetland construction are designed to provide suggestions for the construction of Dongying wetland city during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, to provide a reference for the same type of regions, and to provide a reference for the research of experts and scholars in the same field.
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Mitchell, D. S., A. J. Chick und G. W. Raisin. „The use of wetlands for water pollution control in Australia: an ecological perspective“. Water Science and Technology 32, Nr. 3 (01.08.1995): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0159.
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The potential use of natural and constructed wetlands to treat rural and urban wastewaters and run-off has been under active investigation in Australia by the authors and others associated with them for about 15 years. The results of these investigations will be briefly summarised in relation to factors affecting their performance and their application for management of water pollution. Investigations have included rigorous experimentation with wetland microcosms, calculation of nutrient balances for natural and artificial wetlands, fundamental research on the role of wetland plants, the construction of experimental wetlands of various designs at a pilot scale, and the installation of operating systems. The results confirm the potential of wetland systems to ameliorate water quality but do not demonstrate how to do this consistently under normal day-to-day operating conditions. Issues that now need to be addressed include hydraulic short-circuiting, the role and management of the wetland plants, the extent to which constructed systems should mimic natural systems, and problems associated with scaling up from successful experimental systems to full scale operating treatment plants.
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Zhao, Cuiping, Jiaguo Gong, Qinghui Zeng, Miao Yang und Ying Wang. „Landscape Pattern Evolution Processes and the Driving Forces in the Wetlands of Lake Baiyangdian“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 17 (30.08.2021): 9747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179747.
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The spatiotemporal features of land use changes and the evolution process of landscape pattern from 1980 to 2017 were investigated using historical satellite images from a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for 1980, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2017 in the wetlands of Lake Baiyangdian in the North China Plain (NCP). Landscape pattern indices were used to quantify landscape changes in wetlands, and a redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted to analyze the driving forces and quantitatively explain the effects of human activities and natural changes on wetland fragmentation. The results showed that the total wetland area was 234.4 km2 in 1980 but it decreased by 8.1% at an average decrease rate of 0.5 km2 per year. The dominant transition between land use types was from natural wetlands to artificial wetlands, and wetland conversion to dry land and residential land. The RDA results suggested that agricultural activities and total population were the main driving factors affecting wetland landscape. Additionally, climate change provided a potentially favorable environment for agricultural development, due to the increased temperatures and decreased wind speeds. Additionally, governmental policy changes and dam construction also played the roles in land use changes.
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Tao, Xiao Li, und Yong Ping Bai. „The Spatial-Temporal Change Pattern of Wetland in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River: A Case Study of Wuhu, Anhui“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (Februar 2014): 3228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3228.
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Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, which are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Utilizing RS and the GIS software, remote datum were matched and classified. By these transactions, the temporal and spatial changes of wetland landscape are explored in Wuhu, combining qualitative analysis and quantitative methods. This paper analyzed the time-spatial revolution process which indicated that, firstly the area of wetland reduced rapidly from remote sensing image in 1988, 2001 and 2005, secondly the exterior of urban changed acutely and the interior were protected well in view of spatial pattern. Moreover, driving force factors were pointed out. Human activities, especially urbanization were the main causes of wetlands degradation. Simultaneity, the development of farming, the construction of infrastructure and nature were important factors. Owing to rapid economic development and urban sprawling, wetlands are encountering threaten to be converting to other land uses. Thus, the paper provides policy advices for wetland conservation and urban planning toward sustainable development.
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Sun, Qiong, Xiaofang Wang und Li Wang. „Ecological impact of watershed water pollution control on coastal tourist scenic spots“. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, Nr. 1 (28.11.2019): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz060.
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Abstract In recent years, the rapid development of coastal areas has polluted the watershed water, affecting the ecological environment of wetland scenic spots. This paper briefly introduced the constructed wetland, a means of watershed water pollution control, and briefly explained its mechanism of water pollution control. Then, an example of Yancheng Coastal Wetland Natural Reserve in Jiangsu Province was analyzed to analyze water quality ecological changes in the basin before and after the construction of constructed wetland. The results showed that the basin of the natural reserve changed from acidic to alkaline, and ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand decreased significantly and maintained at a relatively low level after the constructed wetland controlled the water pollution in the basin; subsurface constructed wetland had a better effect on reducing ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus; surface constructed wetland had a better effect on reducing chemical oxygen demand. In conclusion, constructed wetlands as a means of water pollution control in the watershed can effectively improve the water quality ecology of coastal wetland natural reserves.
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Lv, Yan, und Shao Ping Guan. „Exploration to the construction pattern of Wetland Park---Taking Haizhu Wetland Park as an example“. MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927703016.
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China has been increasingly attaching importance to the construction of wetland parks.But at present, the design methods adopted by most of the domestic wetland parks constructed are sameness, with a short construction period, neither taking into account of the land usage and surrounding environment of the land, nor in-depth land design and mostly the study is from the angle of comprehensive planning or focus on the design of some special projects (such as plant arrangement ). In this way, the ecological restoration of the wetland and the minimal intervention in the design of the wetland park cannot be truly realized, nor integration of regional characteristics, resulting in low ecological, landscape and economic value of the constructed wetland park. Some wetland parks have been abandoned once again due to their isolated habitat. This paper aims to probe the construction pattern of wetland park in China. Through the study on the typical cases of wetland parks at home and abroad and taking Haizhu Wetland Park as a major example to reflect on the construction and development of wetland park in China.
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Bradley, Jennifer C., und J. M. Zajicek. „Wetland Plants for Wastewater Treatment: A Tremendous Opportunity for Horticulture“. HortScience 31, Nr. 4 (August 1996): 594c—594. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.594c.
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A current trend in environmental practices concerns using constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. The ecological values of wetlands have long been known. Wetland plants aid in the treatment of water pollutants by improving conditions for microorganisms and by acting as a filter to absorb trace metals. Wetlands now are being considered for industrial, municipal, and home wastewater treatment. Constructed wetlands are an economical and environmentally sound alternative for treating wastewater. These constructed “cells” are designed to function like natural wetlands. In constructed wetlands, water flow is distributed evenly among plants in a cell where physical, chemical, and biological reactions take place to reduce organic materials and pollutants. Increasing numbers of environmentally conscious homeowners are installing wetland wastewater treatment systems in their backyards with the aid of licensed engineers. This installation is occurring despite of the lack of educational materials to aid in site selection, selection of appropriate plant materials, and long-term maintenance. Traditional wetland plant species currently are being selected and planted in these sites, and the resulting effect is often an unsightly marsh appearance. With increasingly more homeowners opting for this alternative system, a strong need exists for educational materials directed at this audience. Therefore, educational resources that can provide information to the public regarding the benefits of wetland wastewater systems, while promoting aesthetically pleasing ornamental plant species is needed. A hands-on guide for installing constructed wetlands, a home page on the World Wide Web, and an instructional video currently are being developed at Texas A&M Univ. These technologies will be demonstrated and the values, needs, and opportunities available for the horticultural industry in the area of wetland construction will be discussed.
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García-Ubaque, César Augusto, Edgar Orlando Ladino-Moreno und Eduardo Zamudio-Huertas. „Exploratory Study on Wetlands Area Decrease in Bogotá due to Construction Activity: 1950-2016“. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 29, Nr. 54 (06.05.2020): e10891. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.10891.
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The aim of the study was to quantify in an explorative way the damage of the wetland area because of drying and construction activities from 1950 to 2016 in Bogotá city. To such end, an estimate of the wetland area of Bogotá was made for the years 1950, 1989 and 2016 by reviewing the geographic information of the Agustín Codazzi Geographical Institute (IGAC) and the Aqueduct and Sewer Bogotá Company (EAAB). The information was analyzed of the area variation for each water body. The data shows that the city's water mirror area has decreased by an average of 84.52% between the years of 1950, 1989 and 2016, except for El Tunjo wetland, which grew 79.45%. This situation shows that the protection that has been implemented happened too late, since a considerable portion of these ecosystems rich in fauna and flora is lost. This has generated phenomena such as: flooding of settlements in these areas, disappearance, or displacement of endemic species of flora and fauna and displacement of wetlands.
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Zhang, Yanan, Ri Jin, Weihong Zhu, Da Zhang und Xiaoxue Zhang. „Impacts of Land Use Changes on Wetland Ecosystem Services in the Tumen River Basin“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 23 (24.11.2020): 9821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239821.
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Climate change and global rapid agricultural expansion have drastically reduced the area of wetlands globally recently, so that the ecosystem functions of wetlands have been impacted severely. Therefore, this study integrated the land use data and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model to evaluate the impacts of the land-use change (LUC) on wetland ecosystem services (ES) from 1976 to 2016 in the Tumen River Basin (TRB). Results reveal that the area of wetlands in TRB had decreased by 22.39% since 1976, mainly due to the rapid conversion of wetlands to dry fields and construction lands, and the LUC had induced notable geospatial changes in wetland ES consequently. A marked decrease in carbon storage and water yield was observed, while the habitat quality was enhanced slightly. Specifically, the conversion of rivers and paddy fields to ponds and reservoirs were the main reasons for the increase in habitat quality and caused the habitat quality to increase by 0.09. The conversion of marshes to lakes, paddy fields, grasslands, dry fields, and artificial surfaces were the key points for the decline in carbon storage; the conversion of marshes to lakes (5.38 km2) and reservoir ponds (1.69 km2) were the dominant factors driving the losses of water yield. According to our results, we should center on the conservation of wetlands and rethink the construction of the land use. The findings are expected to provide a theoretical reference and basis for promoting environmental protection in TRB and the construction of ecological civilization in border areas.
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Holt, Thomas C., Brian K. Maynard und William A. Johnson. „159 Ornamental Treatment-production Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement“. HortScience 34, Nr. 3 (Juni 1999): 469D—469. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.469d.
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Degraded water quality is a growing concern across the northeast and in many cases may be linked back to agricultural operations as nonpoint sources of nitrate and phosphorous pollution. Constructed wetlands have emerged as effective, low-cost methods of water treatment that have the potential to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution and contribute to agricultural sustainability. However, the costs of implementing treatment wetlands as a BMP are high, with little opportunity for cost recovery. We have initiated, at a wholesale plant nursery in Rhode Island, an economical solution to treating nursery runoff that incorporates into a treatment wetland the wholesale production of native and ornamental wetland plants. Our goal is to demonstrate how nursery growers may produce a high-demand crop while addressing nonpoint source pollution on their land. Over the next few years, we will evaluate the economic impact of converting nursery production space into treatment wetland production space. We also will research the feasibility of enclosing treatment wetlands in passively heated polyhouses to facilitate the year around treatment of agricultural runoff. Information gathered from both the on-farm demonstration and research sites will be extended to farmers and other agricultural businesses or professionals through outreach programming. The theory, objectives, and construction of the demonstration treatment-production wetland will be presented.
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Locky, David A., J. Chris Davies und Barry G. Warner. „Effects of Wetland Creation on Breeding Season Bird Use in Boreal Eastern Ontario“. Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i1.82.
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Wetland construction has been an effective means of mitigating wetland habitat losses due to agricultural and other activities. However, the type, variety, and age of the habitats created are often critical components in the success of the wetland when the aim is to enhance the bird community. Hilliardton Marsh was constructed as a series of cells between 1993 and 1997 in boreal eastern Ontario to provide waterfowl habitat. We determined habitat change and monitored breeding-season bird use before construction and one year after the last cell was constructed. Wetland construction resulted in dramatic changes to the vegetation and bird communities. The area was transformed into a variety of wetland habitats, but primarily marsh, one of the rarest wetland types in boreal Ontario. Survey stations with moderate habitat change exhibited the greatest change in bird species richness. Total species richness increased 55% from 56 to 87 species, with obligate wetland birds increasing from 3 to 26 species. Rare birds increased from 11 to 27 species, with most as obligate or facultative wetland birds, but also Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Bird abundance, as measured by the number of stations where a species was observed, increased significantly for obligate wetland birds. There were no significant losses of species from any bird group, as adjacent upland habitat was preserved. This short-term study has shown that construction of new wetland habitat in boreal eastern Ontario, especially marsh, can significantly increase the numbers of breeding-season birds, including rare species. However, longterm monitoring is required to ensure sustained success of wetland construction projects for birds.
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Zhai, Tianlin, Jing Wang, Ying Fang, Jingjing Liu, Longyang Huang, Kun Chen und Chenchen Zhao. „Identification and Prediction of Wetland Ecological Risk in Key Cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt: From the Perspective of Land Development“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 1 (05.01.2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010411.
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Rapid urbanization aggravates the degradation of wetland function. However, few studies have quantitatively analyzed and predicted the comprehensive impacts of different scenarios and types of human activities on wetland ecosystems from the perspective of land development. Combined with the Habitat Risk Assessment (HRA) model and the Cellular Automata (Ca)-Markov model, this study quantitatively measured the impact intensity and spatial distribution of different types of human activities on the wetland ecosystem in 2015, simulated and predicted the ecological pressure on the wetland in 2030, and identified the ecological risk hotspots of the Yangtze River waterfront along the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that the ecological risk of wetlands in the study area was low in the urban core and high in the suburbs. Construction activities posed a greater risk to wetlands. The intensity of human activities in the ecological protection scenario will be significantly lower than that in the natural development scenario in 2030. The waterfront in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will face more ecological risks. The results of the study can provide theoretical and technical support for wetland conservation policy formulation and waterfront development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
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Simi, Anne L., und Cynthia A. Mitchell. „Design and Hydraulic Performance of a Constructed Wetland Treating Oil Refinery Wastewater“. Water Science and Technology 40, Nr. 3 (01.08.1999): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0175.
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This paper considers the hydraulics of a wetland constructed by BP Oil for polishing wastewater from their oil refinery at Bulwer Island, Australia. As this open water surface flow (SF) wetland has a novel design to enhance mixing, a tracer study was performed to analyse the hydraulic flow distribution through the wetland. It is a baseline study, following construction, prior to planting. As introduction to the study, details of the wetland design are provided, together with design justification. The volume of the wetland active zone is estimated as 70% of the total wetland capacity, which compares very favourably with the active volume expected in flat-bottomed ponds. The large amount of dispersion observed along the length of the wetland bed approaches that of a well-mixed system, supporting the claim that this novel bed structure enhances mixing. We expect to at least retain, and possibly improve the degree of mixing by alternating planted shallow zones with unplanted deep zones. The first stage of experimental work at this wetland involves creating a baseline of hydraulic data on which to build a mass balance model of the wetlands performance. Tracer studies will be repeated on the planted, mature wetland to determine the changes to flow, which might occur in the operating system. Together with wetland performance results, these studies will underpin investigations into the pollutant removal mechanisms at BP Oil's Bulwer Island wetland.
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Eaton, T. T., und C. Yi. „Hydroperiod and hydraulic loading for treatment potential in urban tidal wetlands“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, Nr. 1 (30.01.2009): 589–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-589-2009.
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Abstract. Conventional methods of estimating water quality improvement due to wetland treatment are not well suited to the dynamic water level and wetted area fluctuations observed in coastal settings. We present a new method to quantify hydroperiod and hydraulic loading at different elevations in a coastal wetland profile in which the principal inflows and outflows are due to tides. We apply our method to an urban coastal setting (part of the New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary) where a major water quality problem persists due to fecal coliform contamination from combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges. Based on three types of simplified hydrograph, we show how such an approach and conceptual model of a terraced tidal wetland with constant mean slope can be used to assess hydrologic constraints for wetland vegetation species and the potential treatment effectiveness for adjacent impaired coastal waters. Resulting hydroperiods and hydraulic loading values decrease approximately exponentially with elevation along the wetland profile with considerable variation in overall slope depending on the hydrograph pattern. Application of a first-order contamination reduction model using our calculated hydraulic loadings indicates that such tidal treatment wetlands could reduce average fecal coliform concentrations in the range of 27% to 94% depending on the pattern of water level fluctuation, wetland surface elevation and vegetation density. Our analysis shows the performance potential for tidal wetlands to treat adjacent coastal waters. Restoration of existing salt marshes, and construction of new tidal wetlands would therefore be a promising part of an ecohydrologic strategy to improve water quality in contaminated urban coastal settings like the New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary.
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Brinkmann, Katja, Ellen Hoffmann und Andreas Buerkert. „Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Wetlands in an Indian Megacity over the Past 50 Years“. Remote Sensing 12, Nr. 4 (17.02.2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040662.
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Asian megacities have attracted much scientific attention in the context of global urbanization, but few quantitative studies analyze wetland transformation in the rural–urban interface. With its rampant growth and transformation from a tree-lined “Garden City” to a busy megalopolis with often-blocked highways and large built-up areas, Bengaluru (Karnataka, S-India) is a good example for assessing how urbanization has led to the acute degradation of wetlands. We therefore investigated long-term land cover and wetland changes from 1965 to 2018 based on an object-based classification of multi-temporal Corona and Landsat images. To quantify and compare the dynamics of open water surfaces and vegetation, we defined the potential wetland areas (PWA) along the rural–urban gradient and linked our analyses to an index describing the degree of urbanization (survey stratification index (SSI)). During the five decades studied, built-up areas in the Bengaluru Urban district increased ten-fold, with the highest growth rate from 2014 to 2018 (+ 8% annual change). Patches of lake wetlands were highly dynamic in space and time, partly reflecting highly variable annual rainfall patterns ranging from 501 mm in 1965 to 1374 mm in 2005 and monsoon-driven alterations in the hydrologic regime. While water bodies and flooded areas shrunk from 64 km2 in 1965 to 55 km2 in 2018, in 1965, the total rural wetland area with an SSI > 0.5 was twice as high as in 2018. The rural–urban land cover pattern within potential wetland areas changed drastically during this period. This is reflected, for example, by a four-fold increase in the wetland area with an SSI of 0.3, as compared to a decline by 43% in wetland area with an SSI of 0.8. While, in urban areas, wetlands were mostly lost to construction, in areas with a rural character, open water bodies were mainly transformed into green space. The detected changes in urban wetlands were likely accompanied by ecological regime changes, triggering deteriorations in ecosystem services (ESS) which merit further research.
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Ashpole, Sara, Christine Bishop und Stephen Murphy. „Reconnecting Amphibian Habitat through Small Pond Construction and Enhancement, South Okanagan River Valley, British Columbia, Canada“. Diversity 10, Nr. 4 (29.09.2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040108.
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The arid south Okanagan River Valley, British Columbia is a highly-modified landscape; where wetland and riparian habitat loss exceeds 85%, and 88% of remaining wetlands experience at least one harmful anthropogenic stressor. This multi-stressor landscape for amphibian species at risk led to a collaborative stakeholder approach for habitat restoration and species recovery. The main project goal was to increase the quantity and quality of lowland wetland habitat by reconnecting known amphibian-breeding sites with constructed and/or enhanced small ponds. Long-term amphibian monitoring data were used to determine strategic locations for wetland construction and/or enhancement. Habitat enhancement outcomes (Ntotal = 21 sites) since 2006 include 10 newly constructed ponds, enhancement of eight re-contoured ponds after historic infilling, and invasive predatory species removal at three sites. Project ponds were monitored annually (2007 to 2014) for calling frogs, the presence of eggs, and metamorphic emergence. Early signs of colonization and metamorphic success for Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana) (N = 13 sites) and Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) (N = 7 sites) populations have been observed, however no records of Blotched tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) colonization has been detected. Wetland habitat construction and enhancement have doubled the number of available fishless ponds to support breeding within the study area and engaged landowners through voluntary stewardship. Whether constructed or enhanced ponds have aided species recovery is unclear, though the colonization and successful metamorphosis of some species provides early supporting evidence that it will.
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Li, Xueliang. „Analysis and Practice of Urban Wetland Construction Technology in Mining Subsidence Water Area“. E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405037.
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The mining of underground coal resources has a great impact on the ecological environment, especially in the high groundwater level area in the East, the mining subsidence has a more severe impact on the surface water, resulting in serious surface water, and the feasibility of restoring the original land function is poor. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of mining subsidence water, this paper puts forward the key technology of urban wetland construction, and analyzes it combined with engineering examples. The results show that: in the mining subsidence water area around the city, relying on the geographical advantages and abundant secondary wetland resources of coal mining subsidence, we can shape the regional tourism image, focus on the construction of Urban Wetland Park and ecological wetland, expand the urban service function of wetland in the aspects of leisure, tourism, education and tourism, as well as the rainwater storage and water purification function of wetland. This study provides a reference for the construction of similar mining cities.
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Sun, Jiajun, Yangyang Han, Yuping Li, Panyue Zhang, Ling Liu, Yajing Cai, Mengxiang Li und Hongjie Wang. „Construction of a Near-Natural Estuarine Wetland Evaluation Index System Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and Its Application“. Water 13, Nr. 15 (31.07.2021): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152116.
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Nutrients carried in upstream rivers to lakes are the main cause of eutrophication. Building near-natural estuarine wetlands between rivers and lakes is an effective way to remove pollutants and restore the ecology of estuarine areas. However, for the existing estuarine wetland ecological restoration projects, there is a lack of corresponding evaluation methods and index systems to make a comprehensive assessment of their restoration effects. By summarizing a large amount of literature and doing field research, an index system was constructed by combining the characteristics of the near-natural estuarine wetlands themselves. It covered environmental benefits, technical management and maintenance, and socio-economic functions, and contained 3 systems, 7 criteria, and 16 indicators. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weights of each indicator. The top 5 indicators in order of importance were habitat diversity, total phosphorus (TP), coverage of aquatic plants, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and adaptation to the surrounding landscape. The above evaluation system was used for the comprehensive evaluation of the water purification project in the Fuhe estuarine wetland, Hebei Province, as an example. The results showed that the comprehensive score of the Fuhe estuarine wetland at this stage was 4.1492, and the evaluation grade was excellent. The effect of water purification and ecological restoration was good, and the selected technology was suitable and stable in operation. It had a greater positive impact on the surrounding economy and society and can be promoted and applied. The research results were important for clarifying the advantages and defects of the project and developing efficient and advanced restoration technologies.
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Cheng, Qian, Lin Fei Zhou, Yu Long Zhang und Tie Liang Wang. „Construction of Ecological Function Evaluation Index System for Linghe Estuarine Wetland Natural Reserve“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (Februar 2014): 4269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4269.
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Based on the structural characteristics of the wetland ecological environment, we analyzed and evaluated the ecological functions of Linghe estuarine wetland quantitatively with methods of AHP and index judgment. The results showed, functions of regulating floods, biological products and soil conservation played relatively important role. The complex function of Ling estuarine wetland is in common level; the ecosystem is relatively stable to play fundamental ecological functions. AHP method made the ecological function indicators that are difficult to quantify more simple and intuitive. The article developed a new way of planning, management and conservation of the wetland with AHP method in sustainable development of Linghe Estuarine wetland.
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Sun, Ying, und Guang Lin Gao. „Architecture Planning of Wetland Landscape“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (Juli 2014): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.601.
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Wetland Park to establish a reasonable use of wetland resources, to meet the needs of visitors to leisure and entertainment life, while being overexploited to the wetland ecosystem restoration and the chance to rest, to protect the wetland environment provides an effective use patterns. Papers presented wetland landscape planning and construction methods and content, providing a distinctive local urban wetland park.
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Rayburg, Scott, und Martin Thoms. „A coupled hydraulic–hydrologic modelling approach to deriving a water balance model for a complex floodplain wetland system“. Hydrology Research 40, Nr. 4 (01.08.2009): 364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.110.
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Wetlands, particularly those in semi-arid or arid environments, are hotspots of biological diversity and productivity. Water resource managers are therefore increasing their efforts to conserve wetlands from environmental degradation. To do this, they require a thorough understanding of the wetting and drying regimes of these wetlands, and how potential land use, climate change and water resource development might affect inundation patterns. Hydrologic models can help to enhance this understanding, and to predict and assess future impacts. However, for semi-arid environments, data to assist in model construction is scarce. This paper presents a new method for developing a water balance model for a semi-arid wetland, the Narran Lakes ecosystem in eastern Australia. This method combines hydraulic (improving our understanding of water movement through a wetland) and hydrologic (improving our predictive capability for inundation levels) models and satellite imagery (acting as calibration and validation data) to produce a predictive model of wetland inundation. We show that this coupled hydraulic–hydrologic model yields inundation patterns commensurate with those that actually occurred over more than 30 years. The model results indicate that current inundation levels are at historical lows, which is most likely associated with a naturally occurring drought and increasing water resource development upstream.
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Fu, Wei Guo, und Ping Ping Li. „Characteristics of Phosphorus Adsorption of Aerated Concrete in Wastewater Treatment“. Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (Januar 2011): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.466.
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Constructed wetlands are widely used throughout the world to treat a wide variety of wastewater. Numerous researches on phosphorus removal have been reported, however, in practice, phosphorus removal efficiency through the constructed wetland is still relatively lower due to various reasons. In this paper, the phosphorus adsorption capacity of aerated concrete (a building material) was investigated by using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations, and then the possibility, using aerated concrete waste residues for the treatment of effluent with relatively higher concentration phosphorus at the outfall of constructed wetland end through certain engineering measures, was explored. The results showed that aerated concrete not only had a higher phosphorus adsorption capacity (6.064mg/g), but also had a higher adsorption rate, compared with some other substrate materials commonly used for constructed wetlands. Coupled with the lightweight characteristic of aerated concrete, the imagination of the secondary purification pond was likely to be formed. If the imagination turns into a reality, it will not only effectively purify sewage emissions from the constructed wetland forever, but also realize the resource utilization of large quantities of aerated concrete waste residues resulting from the construction process.
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Tahsin, Subrina, Stephen C. Medeiros und Arvind Singh. „Assessing the Resilience of Coastal Wetlands to Extreme Hydrologic Events Using Vegetation Indices: A Review“. Remote Sensing 10, Nr. 9 (31.08.2018): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091390.
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Coastal wetlands (CWs) offer numerous imperative functions that support a diverse array of life forms that are poorly adapted for other environments and provide an economic base for human communities. Unfortunately, CWs have been experiencing significant threats due to meteorological and climatic fluctuations as well as anthropogenic impacts. The wetlands and marshes in Apalachicola Bay, Florida have endured the impacts of several extreme hydrologic events (EHEs) over the past few decades. These extreme hydrologic events include drought, hurricane, heavy precipitation and fluvial flooding. Remote sensing has been used and continues to demonstrate promise for acquiring spatial and temporal information about CWs thereby making it easier to track and quantify long term changes driven by EHEs. These wetland ecosystems are also adversely impacted by increased human activities such as wetland conversion to agricultural, aquaculture, industrial or residential use; construction of dikes along the shoreline; and sprawl of built areas. In this paper, we review previous works on coastal wetland resilience to EHEs. We synthesize these concepts in the context of remote sensing as the primary assessment tool with focus on derived vegetation indices to monitor CWs at regional and global scales.
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Pan, Hong, Yonghong Jia, Dawei Zhao, Tianyu Xiu und Fuzhi Duan. „A Tidal Flat Wetlands Delineation and Classification Method for High-Resolution Imagery“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, Nr. 7 (01.07.2021): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070451.
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As an important part of coastal wetlands, tidal flat wetlands provide various significant ecological functions. Due to offshore pollution and unreasonable utilization, tidal flats have been increasingly threatened and degraded. Therefore, it is necessary to protect and restore this important wetland by monitoring its distribution. Considering the multiple sizes of research objects, remote sensing images with high resolutions have unique resolution advantages to support the extraction of tidal flat wetlands for subsequent monitoring. The purpose of this study is to propose and evaluate a tidal flat wetland delineation and classification method from high-resolution images. First, remote sensing features and geographical buffers are used to establish a decision tree for initial classification. Next, a natural shoreline prediction algorithm is designed to refine the range of the tidal flat wetland. Then, a range and standard deviation descriptor is constructed to extract the rock marine shore, a category of tidal flat wetlands. A geographical analysis method is considered to distinguish the other two categories of tidal flat wetlands. Finally, a tidal correction strategy is introduced to regulate the borderline of tidal flat wetlands to conform to the actual situation. The performance of each step was evaluated, and the results of the proposed method were compared with existing available methods. The results show that the overall accuracy of the proposed method mostly exceeded 92% (all higher than 88%). Due to the integration and the performance superiority compared to existing available methods, the proposed method is applicable in practice and has already been applied during the construction project of Hengqin Island in China.
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Hettiarachchi, Missaka, Kusum Athukorale, Suren Wijekoon und Ajith de Alwis. „Urban wetlands and disaster resilience of Colombo, Sri Lanka“. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 5, Nr. 1 (04.03.2014): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2011-0042.
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Purpose – This paper aims to present a long-term research project to understand the nature and extent of degradation in a selected segment of the Colombo Flood Detention Area (CFDA) wetlands. It qualitatively explores the gradual process of change in watersheds and the wetland ecology affecting flood control services, thereby leading to full-blown disasters. It underlines the importance of protecting ecosystem health of urban ecological features for strengthening the disaster resilience of cities. Design/methodology/approach – Through analyzing the long-term change of landscape level parameters, water-quality, vegetation and soil quality, the authors emphasize the potential of an outright ecological regime change and the effects on ecosystem services of the wetlands. Findings – Colombo is a city surrounded by a large and interconnected system of natural wetlands that provides a valuable flood control service. The rapid and partly ad hoc urbanization in the past 15-25 years has caused a steady degradation in the wetlands that severely threatens the ecosystem services. It was found that the native, grass-dominated marshy habitat of the wetland is rapidly transforming into a habitat with shrubs and small trees (44 percent of the extent). Typical peaty soil in the marsh has also changed into a semi-mineral soil. Both changes result in a significant reduction in water-holding capacity of the wetland, thus increasing the flood frequency. Practical implications – These ecological changes have undermined the effectiveness of the repeated cost-intensive engineering measures taken by the authorities to contain floods. Originality/value – CFDA had not been studied previously in an ecosystem services and disaster resilience perspectives. The ecological and hydrological aspects have been studied separately without integration.
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Nivala, Jaime, Manfred van Afferden, Ralf Hasselbach, Guenter Langergraber, Pascal Molle, Heribert Rustige und Jens Nowak. „The new German standard on constructed wetland systems for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater“. Water Science and Technology 78, Nr. 11 (28.12.2018): 2414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.530.
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Abstract The German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste e.V. (DWA) has published a new standard for the dimensioning, construction, and operation of constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater. The changes to the standard are based on a wide range of experience gained in recent years in Germany and Europe. For the first time ever, the standard has been officially translated and published in English. This paper summarizes the new standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater with classical one-stage unsaturated vertical flow (VF) wetlands, VF wetlands with lava sand for treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems, and actively aerated VF and horizontal flow (HF) flow wetlands. Two-stage unsaturated VF wetlands treating raw wastewater (French VF wetlands), are also included in the new standard. HF wetlands are no longer described in the standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. This does not exclude their application. Existing HF wetland systems in Germany may continue to be operated so long as effluent parameters are met and proper operations and maintenance is ensured. This paper gives an overview of the new design standard, including key information on wastewater type and loading, as well as primary attributes of each wetland design.
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Rivera-Monroy, Elliton, Narra, Meselhe, Zhao, White, Sasser et al. „Wetland Biomass and Productivity in Coastal Louisiana: Base Line Data (1976–2015) and Knowledge Gaps for the Development of Spatially Explicit Models for Ecosystem Restoration and Rehabilitation Initiatives“. Water 11, Nr. 10 (01.10.2019): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102054.
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Coastal Louisiana hosts 37% of the coastal wetland area in the conterminous US, including one of the deltaic coastal regions more susceptible to the synergy of human and natural impacts causing wetland loss. As a result of the construction of flood protection infrastructure, dredging of channels across wetlands for oil/gas exploration and maritime transport activities, coastal Louisiana has lost approximately 4900 km2 of wetland area since the early 1930s. Despite the economic relevance of both wetland biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) as ecosystem services, there is a lack of vegetation simulation models to forecast the trends of those functional attributes at the landscape level as hydrological restoration projects are implemented. Here, we review the availability of peer-reviewed biomass and NPP wetland data (below and aboveground) published during the period 1976–2015 for use in the development, calibration and validation of high spatial resolution (<200 m × 200 m) vegetation process-based ecological models. We discuss and list the knowledge gaps for those species that represent vegetation community associations of ecological importance, including the long-term research issues associated to limited number of paired belowground biomass and productivity studies across hydrological basins currently undergoing different freshwater diversions management regimes and hydrological restoration priorities.
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Liu, Chao, Li Rui Deng, Hui He und Lei Bian. „Research of Difference Analysis Method of Constructed Wetland - By Xiaosha River as Example“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (Mai 2012): 1310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1310.
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This paper taked Xiaosha River constructed wetland as the study object, the difference of the constructed wetland and Xinxue River constructed wetland as a demonstration project were studied theoretically by constructed wetland model, virtual data were constructed and amended by the difference. The application of constructed wetland differentiation during actual modeling process was studied. In the actual project, there was important guiding meaning on design, construction and operation management of the constructed wetland in this study.