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1
Appleman, Bernard R. „Evaluation of Wet Blasting for Ship Application“. Journal of Ship Production 2, Nr. 04 (01.11.1986): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1986.2.4.245.
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This paper presents the results of a field investigation of equipment and technology for wet abrasive blasting as a technique for preparation of structural steel for painting. Ten different commercially available wet blasting units were selected for field evaluation. The units selected included the following generic types: air abrasive wet blasting (addition of water at the nozzle to conventional dry blasting equipment); air/water/abrasive slurry blasting (mixing of water with the abrasive at a control unit upstream of the nozzle); pressurized water abrasive blasting (abrasive added to high-or low-pressure water jetting stream); and ultrahigh-pressure water jetting [20000 psi (137.9 MPa) or greater]. These evaluations were conducted on steel surfaces, typically encountered in shipyards and industrial environments, including rusted and pitted steel, milscale steel, and painted steel. The investigation considered factors such as the cleaning rates, abrasive and water consumption, operator thrust, portability, safety procedures required, use of inhibitors, and overall practicability and reliability. The paper discusses each of these factors and provides a tabulation of advantages and disadvantages for each unit observed.
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Minaki, Kazushi, Koichi Kitajima, K. Minaki, Moriyasu Izawa und Katsuji Tosha. „Improvement of Surface Texture of Stainless Steel by Utilizing Dry Blasting - 2nd Report: Effect of Blasting Conditions on Wettability -“. Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.265.
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Recently, wet blasting is generally used such as liquid honing and water jet machining in surface before plating of stainless steel. The outstanding feature of wet blasting is to prevent generation of static electric charge, to use micro abrasive grain, and to have cushioning for workpiece. On the other hand, the disadvantage of wet blasting is to generate corrosion of equipment and liquid waste under processing. Moreover, the using abrasive grain is available on a limited basis. In particular, improvement disposal of liquid waste under processing is crucial in the near future. This paper makes proposal for improvement of surface texture by utilizing dry blasting, and it conducts improvement of surface texture about martensite stainless steel (SUS420J2 In JIS), which is used in material for scale applications. As a result, it is cleared that relationship between surface texture and blasting conditions. Furthermore, based on these results, it reports relationship between surface texture and wettability.
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Minaki, Kazushi, Koichi Kitajima, Yu Nakahira, K. Minaki, Moriyasu Izawa und Katsuji Tosha. „Improvement of Surface Texture of Stainless Steel by Utilizing Dry Blasting - 3rd Report: Effect of Blasted Texture on Adhesion of Plating -“. Key Engineering Materials 329 (Januar 2007): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.353.
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Recently, wet blasting is generally used such as liquid honing and water jet machining in surface before plating of stainless steel. The outstanding feature of wet blasting is to prevent generation of static electric charge, to use micro abrasive grain, and to have cushioning for workpiece. On the other hand, the disadvantage of wet blasting is to generate corrosion of equipment and liquid waste under processing. Moreover, the using abrasive grain is available on a limited basis. In particular, improvement disposal of liquid waste under processing is crucial in the near future. This paper makes proposal for improvement of surface texture by utilizing dry blasting, and it conducts improvement of surface texture about martensite stainless steel (SUS420J2 In JIS), which is used in material for scale. In the previous report, it has been cleared that relationship between surface texture and wettability. In this report, adhesion of plating was measured by scratch test. As a result, it was cleared that availability of adhesion evaluation by utilizing wettability.
4
Li, Ning, Yu Cai Lü und Da Chun Gong. „Study on Characteristics of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Lactic Acid Fermentation with Different Substrates“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (Oktober 2014): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.388.
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In order to investigate characteristics of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on lactic acid fermentation using different substrate, in this study, saccharification liquid obtained during wet oxidation blasting of straw were used as substrate, conversion reducing sugar to lactate by Lactobacillus rhamnosus was studied and compared with fermentation using glucose as substrate, The results indicated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus could utilize reducing sugar in saccharification liquid obtained during wet oxidation blasting of straw effectively. The highest efficiency of reducing sugar conversion (92.45%) appeared when concentration of reducing sugar as substrate was 20mg/mL; conversion rate of reducing sugar decreased as increasing of sugar concentration. Fermentation of saccharification liquid obtained during wet oxidation blasting of straw to lactic acid by Lactobacillus rhamnosus had optimal effects in the first 48h of incubation.
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BABA, Takashi, Takuro HONDA, Yuta NAKASHIMA, Hidehiko HIGAKI und Yoshitaka NAKANISHI. „Creation of functional surface by using micro wet blasting“. Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2017.29 (2017): 2F46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2017.29.2f46.
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6
Karpuschewski, B., T. Emmer, K. Schmidt und M. Petzel. „Cryogenic wet-ice blasting—Process conditions and possibilities“. CIRP Annals 62, Nr. 1 (2013): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.102.
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7
Yang, Myeongseok, Jongrak Choi, Jungchul Lee, Nahmkeon Hur und Dongchoul Kim. „Wet blasting as a deburring process for aluminum“. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 214, Nr. 3 (März 2014): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.09.011.
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8
Furuya, M., Y. Matsugu, K. Yamada und K. Hasegawa. „Weed control by blasting sodium bicarbonate powder using a high pressure wet-blasting apparatus“. Journal of Weed Science and Technology 47, Supplement (2002): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.47.supplement_242.
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BABA, Takashi, Kouki MIYAZONO, Yuta NAKASHIMA und Yoshitaka NAKANISHI. „Effect of micro-wet blasting for dental ceramic surface“. Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2018.30 (2018): 2H20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2018.30.2h20.
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Sakoda, Seiki, und Katsuji Tosha. „Shot Peening Using Wet Blasting Machine with a Wide Nozzle“. Materials Science Forum 614 (März 2009): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.163.
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This paper describes the influence of shot peening on of the peened surface and fatigue strength. Shot peening was performed by a wet blasting machine with a wide nozzle. At first, influences of particle size and geometry on characteristic values such as surface roughness, residual stress, FWHM, and Vickers hardness were examined, and then fatigue strength was studied on the peened materials. The material is a medium carbon steel (C:0.45%, 180HV) and the peening particles are alumina and glass beads. The following results are shown in this paper: (1) On the specimen a width of 83% of the wide nozzle is peened uniformly judging from chatterings of FWHM, compressive residual stresses and surface roughness. (2) Surface roughness, compression residual stress, FWHM and the maximum hardness increase with increasing particle size except for the case of 57μm particles; the maximum values are 0.52μm, 390MPa, 2.15deg, 205.6HV respectively. (3) Fatigue strength is improved using alumina and glass beads by 20% and 15%. (4) The peening process using a wide nozzle can effectively improve fatigue strength.
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Zhu, Zhe Ming. „The Response of Defects Containing Water under Dynamic Loads“. Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.933.
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A crater blasting model of rock with pre-existing defects under blasting loads is established by using finite difference method. The defects are saturated with water and are randomly distributed. The defects include voids, pores and small open joints. A shock equation of state (EOS), obtained from the existing test results, is employed for the granite near the explosive charge, and for the granite far from the charge, a linear EOS is applied. A modified principal stress failure criterion is applied to determining the granite statuses. The granite dynamic strengths, which increase with strain rate, are calculated from the existing test results. The simulation results show that under blasting, the strength of wet rock is lower than that of dry rock.
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Loanapakul, Teerawat, Yuichi Otsuka und Yoshiharu Mutoh. „Fatigue and Acoustic Emission Behavior of Plasma Sprayed HAp Top Coat and HAp/Ti Bond Coat with HAp Top Coat on Commercially Pure Titanium“. Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.857.
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In the conventional hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating, the surface of commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) is blasted with Al2O3 grid-blasting powders and then plasma-sprayed with HAp. To improve the adhesive strength of HAp coating, the grid-blasting with Al2O3 powders and subsequently wet-blasting by HAp/Ti mixed powders were applied on Cp-Ti substrate at ambient temperature. On the wet-blasted surface of Cp-Ti, two-layers of coating composed of HAp/Ti bond coat and HAp top coat were deposited by plasma spraying. Both types of HAp-coated specimen could survive up to 107 cycles without spallation of HAp coating at the stress amplitude of 120 MPa under four point bending fatigue test. In order to clarify mechanical failure behavior of the coatings and Ti substrate, acoustic emission (AE) signals during the entire fatigue process were observed. Relationship between AE behavior and cracking process of coated specimen was evaluated. HAp top coat with HAp/Ti bond coat strongly improved the adhesive and cohesive strength, where dense AE signals occurred at the early stage of fatigue test corresponded to plastic deformation of Ti substrate and micro-cracks in coated layers. AE signals occurred at the final stage corresponded to crack propagation in coated specimen and spallations of coated layers.
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MORI, Kentaro, Toshiro MIYAJIMA und Yoshiro IWAI. „1021 The cleaning method of metallic materials by the wet blasting“. Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2013.50 (2013): 102101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2013.50.102101.
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Bouzakis, Konstantinos, Georgios Skordaris, Emmanuil Bouzakis und Tilemachos Kotsanis. „Improving the cutting performance of coated tools via appropriate pre- and post-treatments“. MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818804018.
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The cutting performance of PVD coated tools can be significantly improved by appropriate pre- and post- treatments of the substrates and coated surfaces respectively. Substrate pre-treatments aim, among others, at improving the coating adhesion. In this way, lower coating loads develop during cutting leading to a decelerated wear evolution. Furthermore, the potential to increase the wear resistance of coated tools via micro-blasting is presented. Micro-blasting parameters such as of grain material, pressure, dry or wet etc., affect significantly the superficial coatings' hardness and brittleness and in this way their wear behaviour. To check the effectiveness of all these methods, innovative coating's characterization procedures providing information concerning the film and substrate properties as well as adhesion are applied, thus reducing the required experimentation time.
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Weingärtner, Regina, Jürgen Hoffmeister und Volker Schulze. „Generation and Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses of Short Penetration Depths“. Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.580.
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Generating compressive residual stress states with high gradients and low penetration depths offers high capability regarding increase of fatigue limit of parts. In this work the determination of such specific residual stress distributions by using X-ray diffraction and a little material removal is introduced. Measurements are compared using two interference peaks of different penetration depths, at which confocal microscopy enables high accuracy in determination of the step sizes in electrochemical machining. Furthermore the realisation of these states by two different peening processes using micro blasting media is described. The suitability of the processes micro peening and ultrasonic wet peening as surface treatment methods to improve fatigue limit are shown. Micro peening is based on the shot peening principle with small shots and ultrasonic wet peening on the acceleration of small blasting particles by cavitation. The investigations were conducted at AISI 4140 in a quenched and tempered state. Besides the residual stresses and the integral width of interference peaks as well as the depth distributions, the surface topography was examined. The beneficial effects of these conditions on the fatigue limit in bending tests are described.
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Du, Bin, Haibo Bai und Guangming Wu. „Dynamic Compression Properties and Deterioration of Red-Sandstone Subject to Cyclic Wet-Dry Treatment“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (23.01.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1487156.
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Rock engineering is usually associated with impact loads induced by blasting, drilling, vibration, or earthquake. In the engineering fields of tunnelling, slopes, dams, and mining, rocks are always subjected to cyclic wet-dry caused by periodical variation in moisture. To study cyclic wet-dry effects on dynamic compression properties and deterioration of red-sandstone, physical tests and dynamic and static tests were conducted after 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wet-dry cycles. Changes in physical and mechanical parameters, including P-wave velocity, density, and static and dynamic compression strength, were determined. Deterioration of red-sandstone caused by wet-dry cycles was verified through physicomechanical parameters, and the microscopic features were scanned by SEM techniques. Experimental results showed that the dynamic compression strength increased with the loading rate, but decreased with the increase of wet-dry cycles. In terms of the loading rate, the decay function model was proposed to evaluate the long-term dynamic compression strength of red-sandstone against cyclic wet-dry action. Besides, the function of the loading rate was obtained. Parameters of two models, decay constant and half-life values, were measured accurately.
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YAMASHITA, Masahide, Jumpei FUKUOKA, Ken YAMASHITA, Yasushi FUKUZAWA und Masayoshi OGATA. „Effects of Roughened Wire Tool Electrode Surface by Wet Blasting Method on WEDM Properties“. Journal of The Japan Society of Electrical Machining Engineers 44, Nr. 107 (2010): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2526/jseme.44.118.
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Mineta, Takashi, Takehisa Takada, Eiji Makino, Takahiro Kawashima und Takayuki Shibata. „A wet abrasive blasting process for smooth micromachining of glass by ductile-mode removal“. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 19, Nr. 1 (19.12.2008): 015031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/19/1/015031.
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Zhang, Shuai, Bin Zou, Yanan Liu, Yishun Wang, Chuanzhen Huang und Zhanqiang Liu. „Edge passivation and quality of carbide cutting inserts treated by wet micro-abrasive blasting“. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 96, Nr. 5-8 (21.02.2018): 2307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1705-7.
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RAKNGARM, Achariya, Kousei OYAMA und Yoshiharu MUTOH. „D-3 SURFACE MODIFICATION OF cp-Ti AND Ti-6Al-4V BY WET BLASTING TECHNIQUE FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION(Session: Biomaterials)“. Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.72.
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Zhang, Xian Tang, Yi Bai, Hong Min Zhou und Hong Li Wang. „Study and Application on Dust Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology in Tunnel Excavation by Blasting“. Advanced Materials Research 549 (Juli 2012): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.931.
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In view of the characteristics of the blasting tunneling roadway, the paper has analyzed the distribution law and the movement rule of dust in roadway. Combined with the practical problems existing in the field, a series of methods were conducted to investigate and analyze the the dust source of tunneling, the authors propose the following optimal comprehensive directional measures: At first, using the wet shotcrete technology as more as possible to improving the shotcrete. Taking use of the corresponding measures of spraying and watering, and the use of water stemming is mandatory. The amount of wind in the exit of the ventilation duct should be controlled and the quality of water should be improved, enhancing the atomization effect. The settled dust on the walls of the tunnel should be moistened with sticking agent and the individual safeguard should be done better. Adopting the above dustproof measures should effectively solve the problems of a large amount of dust and the working environment of high dust concentration in the heading face by blasting. The working environment can be improved by the effective control for the dust concentration in the heading face .The work of dust comprehensive prevention in the heading face is of significance.
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Klünsner, T., M. Morstein, S. Marsoner, M. Deller und B. Marklein. „Fatigue life equality of polished and electrical discharge machined WC-Co hard metal achieved solely by wet blasting“. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 59 (September 2016): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.05.001.
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Czepułkowska-Pawlak, Weronika, Leszek Klimek, Marcin Makówka und Emilia Wołowiec-Korecka. „Effect of Ni-Cr Alloy Surface Abrasive Blasting on Its Wettability by Liquid Ceramics“. Materials 14, Nr. 8 (16.04.2021): 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082007.
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An adequate surface is essential in ensuring a solid bond between the metal and dental ceramics for metal framework wettability. This work is aimed at investigating the effect of variable abrasive blasting parameters on Ni-Cr alloy surface’s ability to be wetted with liquid ceramics at elevated temperatures. One-hundred and sixty-eight samples were divided into 12 groups (n = 14), which were sandblasted using variable parameters: type of abrasive (Al2O3 and SiC), the grain size of the abrasive (50, 110, and 250 µm), and processing pressure (400 and 600 kPa). After treatment, the samples were cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner and dried under compressed air. Dental ceramics were applied to the prepared surfaces via drops, and the wettability was tested in a vacuum oven at temperatures in the range of 850–1000 °C. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05). For all surfaces, the contact angles were less than 90° at temperatures below 875 °C. For Al2O3, the best wettability was observed for the smallest particles and, for SiC, the largest particles. The ability to wet the surface of a Ni-Cr alloy is related to its sandblasting properties, such as roughness or the percentage of embedded abrasive particles. It should not be the only factor determining the selection of abrasive blasting parameters when creating a prosthetic restoration.
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Jitea, Ilie-Ciprian, Daniela Carmen Rus, Cristian Rădeanu und Dragoş Gabriel Vasilescu. „Evaluation of the safety parameters for a permitted explosive type emulsion“. MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134201002.
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When preparing a permitted explosive recipe an energy or an explosive heat is considered, which should ensure the detonability of the system and at the same time a power that satisfies the purpose for which it will be used, under the conditions of firedamp hazardous mines. The safety parameters for the explosive charges used in the firedamp hazardous mines are decisive, in order to ensure the safety and health requirements at work together with the efficient performance of the blasting operation. The permitted explosive type emulsion is recommended to be used in underground mines, open pit mines as a special methane explosive and can be used where a coal dust and/or methane explosion hazard exists can be loaded into dry and wet blasting holes and it can be used for mechanical loading. The permitted explosive type emulsion is a Detonator-sensitive explosives that can be reliably initiated in an unconfined state by a No. 8 strength detonator it have safety handling characteristics because of the relatively low sensitivity to friction, shock and impact. Technological changes due to the change of suppliers of certified explosives for civil use for underground use in the firedamp hazardous mines, involve reassessing the safety and efficiency of the loads made with these products, which have not been tested and evaluated for the conditions from the Jiu Valley mines.
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Bouzakis, K. D., E. Bouzakis, G. Skordaris, S. Makrimallakis, A. Tsouknidas, G. Katirtzoglou und S. Gerardis. „Effect of PVD films wet micro-blasting by various Al2O3 grain sizes on the wear behaviour of coated tools“. Surface and Coatings Technology 205 (Juli 2011): S128—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.046.
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Liu, Canyu, Zhanqiang Liu und Bing Wang. „Modification of surface morphology to enhance tribological properties for CVD coated cutting tools through wet micro-blasting post-process“. Ceramics International 44, Nr. 3 (Februar 2018): 3430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.142.
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Bouzakis, K. D., G. Skordaris, E. Bouzakis, A. Tsouknidas, S. Makrimallakis, S. Gerardis und G. Katirtzoglou. „Optimization of wet micro-blasting on PVD films with various grain materials for improving the coated tools’ cutting performance“. CIRP Annals 60, Nr. 1 (2011): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.012.
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Kura, Bhaskar, und Abhinay Jilla. „Feasibility of the Inverse-Dispersion Model for Quantifying Drydock Emissions“. Atmosphere 10, Nr. 6 (17.06.2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10060328.
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Important processes within the shipbuilding and ship repair industry include metal cutting, welding, surface preparation, and painting. When dealing with ship repair, ships are brought into drydocks to carry out necessary repairs. Typical repairs include but are not limited to dry or wet abrasive blasting for removing the old paint and rust followed by repainting of the external hull. Also, the painting of superstructure is carried out as necessary. Additionally, many metal cutting and welding operations are carried out. Air pollutant emissions generated from repair operations carried out within drydock are challenging to quantify, particularly if some of these repair activities do not have reliable emission factors. This paper investigates the feasibility of the inverse dispersion model for quantifying drydock emissions in a shipyard environment. The authors use a well-established Gaussian dispersion model that is used as a regulatory model in the United States and many other countries in a two-step process using a code developed in MATLAB: (1) Source-to-Receptor modeling to compute ambient concentrations using assumed emissions from various sources and meteorological conditions, and (2) The utilization of the computed ambient concentrations at various receptors to compute emissions at those sources (assumed in the first step) using the inverse Gaussian code developed.
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Suwasono, Bagiyo, I. Kadek Agus Sudama Putra, Tri Agung Kristiyono und Ali Azhar. „ADHESIVE COATING VALUE BASED ON THE MAIN INGREDIENT OF SHIP PAINT“. Brodogradnja 72, Nr. 2 (01.04.2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod72202.
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Coatings are important instruments in inhibiting the corrosion rate. Field facts in various Indonesian shipping industries show that the choice of organic materials as coating for ship paint uses epoxy, vinyl and polyurethane. Therefore an experimental study is needed on the adhesion ability of paint as a coating for ship armor with these three types of organic materials. The preparation of steel specimens with type ASTM A36 is carried out by blasting, visual inspection standard ISO 8501-1, and roughness test standard ISO 8503-4. Painting of specimens by measuring the thickness of the paint in the wet conditions ASTM D4414 standard and ASTM D4138 standard dry conditions. Treatment of specimens in two conditions, are: tropichal weather condition and salt spray conditon. Observation of specimens by scanning electron microscope and adhesion test standard ASTM D4541-02. The final result shows that the best adhesion ability of the main paint coating in tropical weather conditions was a polyurethane coating with no blister characteristics, but there are fractures on the surface of the material. While the main material for the best coating in salt spray conditions was epoxy coating with characteristics that are resistant to blisters and blends with the surface of the material.
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Genovez, Mário Celso, Luiz Henrique Araújo, Tiago Dinis Pinto und Radim Hrdina. „New concept of corrosion protection in the presence of water: V-active VCI. Concept and application“. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 62, Nr. 1 (05.01.2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2013-1271.
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Purpose – This work describes test results that were obtained using a newly-developed type of organic inhibitor: V-active VCIs. The findings demonstrate that is possible to eliminate or reduce the oxidizing action of water, thereby extending the allowable time before painting after hydrojetting, and that the new corrosion inhibitor technology does not interfere with the final quality of paint adhesion. Design/methodology/approach – Metallic specimens were treated/washed by hydrojet (35000 Psi). It was employed as a 2 per cent V-active VCI SPH 1,712 water solution by dilution of the inhibitor in industrial water. Metal sample plates were examined after blasting and after subsequent drying, and were submitted to the paint adhesion tests, to evaluate the duration of temporary protection, oxidation prevention and influence on the adherence of paint (pull off). Findings – Using the V-active VCI proposed technology, it was possible to minimize or eliminate the oxidizing action of the water when the metal is exposed to the saline moisture in a closed environment, extending the acceptable time before painting without interference in the final quality of painting. Practical implications – The proposed technology allows to the area of prepared (wet blasted) steel surface to be increased during cleaning and preparation, thereby reducing labor and product costs, and reduces water consumption during the preparation process. Practical applications in the shipbuilding, ship maintenance and oil and gas production industries, include the preservation of internal tubes and pipes, protection during hydrostatic test processes and cleaning with water and corrosion prevention in diesel tanks contaminated with water. Originality/value – The intent of this paper is to present the obtained results for a new formulation of organic chemical inhibitors that use water medium as the application method. In addition to this property, this group of organic inhibitors maintains the property of volatile inhibitors. Thus, these compounds are generically known as V-active VCI.
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Genovez, Mario Celso, Luiz Henrique Araujo, Tiago Dinis Pinto und Radim Hrdina. „Applying a new concept of corrosion protection in the presence of water: hydrojetting application – effectiveness lab test“. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, Nr. 1 (03.01.2017): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-03-2015-1509.
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Purpose This paper aims to describe the results of lab testing of a newly developed organic inhibitor V-active VCIs. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to eliminate or reduce the oxidizing action of water, thereby extending the allowable time before painting after hydrojetting, and that the new corrosion inhibitor technology does not interfere with the final quality of paint adhesion. Design/methodology/approach Metallic specimens were treated/washed in standard lab condition. A 2 per cent V-active VCI SPH1712 water solution was prepared by diluting the inhibitor in industrial water. Metal sample plates were examined after blasting and after subsequent drying, and were submitted to the paint adhesion tests, cathodic disbondment, total soluble salts, time for formation of flash rust and cyclic corrosion test type III (20 cycles), to evaluate the duration of temporary protection and oxidation prevention and influence on paint adherence. Findings Using the V-active VCI proposed technology, it was possible to minimize or eliminate the oxidizing action of the water when the metal is exposed to saline moisture in a closed environment, extending the acceptable time before painting without interfering with the final quality of painting. Practical implications The proposed technology allows an increase in the prepared (wet blasted) steel surface during cleaning and preparation, thereby reducing labor and product costs, and reduces water consumption during the preparation process. Practical applications in the shipbuilding, ship maintenance and oil and gas production industries include the preservation of internal tubes and pipes, protection during hydrostatic test processes and cleaning with water and corrosion prevention in diesel tanks contaminated with water. Originality/value The intent of this paper is to present the obtained results for a new formulation of organic chemical inhibitors that use water as the application medium. In addition to this property, this group of organic inhibitors maintains the properties of volatile inhibitors. Thus, these compounds are generically known as V-active VCIs.
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Leon-Ramos, Diosdado-Cano, López-Santos, Barranco, Torres-Lagares und Serrera-Figallo. „Influence of Titanium Oxide Pillar Array Nanometric Structures and Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Properties of the Surface of Dental Implants—A Pilot Study“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 10 (14.10.2019): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101458.
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Aim: Titanium implants are commonly used as replacement therapy for lost teeth and much current research is focusing on the improvement of the chemical and physical properties of their surfaces in order to improve the osseointegration process. TiO2, when it is deposited in the form of pillar array nanometric structures, has photocatalytic properties and wet surface control, which, together with UV irradiation, provide it with superhydrophilic surfaces, which may be of interest for improving cell adhesion on the peri-implant surface. In this article, we address the influence of this type of surface treatment on type IV and type V titanium discs on their surface energy and cell growth on them. Materials and methods: Samples from titanium rods used for making dental implants were used. There were two types of samples: grade IV and grade V. In turn, within each grade, two types of samples were differentiated: untreated and treated with sand blasting and subjected to double acid etching. Synthesis of the film consisting of titanium oxide pillar array structures was carried out using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition equipment. The plasma was generated in a quartz vessel by an external SLAN-1 microwave source with a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Five specimens from each group were used (40 discs in total). On the surfaces to be studied, the following determinations were carried out: (a) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (b) scanning electron microscopy, (c) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (d) profilometry, (e) contact angle measurement or surface wettability, (f) progression of contact angle on applying ultraviolet irradiation, and (g) a biocompatibility test and cytotoxicity with cell cultures. Results: The application of ultraviolet light decreased the hydrophobicity of all the surfaces studied, although it did so to a greater extent on the surfaces with the studied modification applied, this being more evident in samples manufactured in grade V titanium. In samples made in grade IV titanium, this difference was less evident, and even in the sample manufactured with grade IV and SLA treatment, the application of the nanometric modification of the surface made the surface optically less active. Regarding cell growth, all the surfaces studied, grouped in relation to the presence or not of the nanometric treatment, showed similar growth. Conclusions. Treatment of titanium oxide surfaces with ultraviolet irradiation made them change temporarily into superhydrophilic ones, which confirms that their biocompatibility could be improved in this way, or at least be maintained.
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Gui, Herong, Manli Lin und Xiaomei Song. „Research on pore water and disaster prevention in China coalmines“. Water Practice and Technology 11, Nr. 3 (01.09.2016): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.056.
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This article introduces the evaluation of mining conditions under pore aquifer and presents four control techniques on pore water, i.e. retaining safety coal (rock) pillars to resist water, sand, and collapse; draining bottom pore aquifer in Quaternary strata to lower underground water level; presplitting hard overlying rock by blasting to inhibit growths of water-conductive fissures; manually caving the roof strata over the steep sloping coal seam by extruding blast to prevent water-resistant coal pillars from caving. This article is to provide references for countries confronting similar problems and to facilitate international discussions on pore water control.
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Adrianus, Adrianus. „PENGAWASAN PENGELOLAAN KESELAMATAN KEGIATAN SLEEP BLASTING PADA TAMBANG TERBUKA MARTABE STUDI KASUS DI PT AGINCOURT RESOURCES“. Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, Nr. 1 (31.08.2019): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v0i0.8.
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Kegiatan peledakan (blasting) salah satu cara yang paling efektif dan efesiendalam teknik pemberaian batuan khususnya di pertambangan emas Martabe oleh karena pentingnya kegiatan peledakan ini maka harus menjaga aspek keselamatan dan keamanan kegiatan peledakan terutama dari aspek sosial dan teknis hal ini berujuan untuk mengurangi terpaparnya jumlah karyawan terhadap kegiatan peledakan, disamping itu juga berdampak mengurangi gangguan lingkungan akibat intensitas peledakan yang rata-rata dilakukan sebanyak 264 kali pertahun, dengan adannya peledakan tidur tersebut disamping waktu peledakan dipindahkan pada sore hari ke waktu istirahat, maka intensitas peledakan juga akan berkurang dengan perkiraan menjadi 132 kali peledakan dalam setahun dari sebelumnya menjadi 264 kali setahun, upaya efisisensi juga dilakukan sebagai dampak dari penurunan harga komoditi yang sangat signifikan pada bulan Desember tahun 2016 harga emas mencapai kisaran terendah yaitu 1.050 USD/Ounce sehingga upaya efisiensi terhadap operational cost serta melakukan upaya peningkatan efektifitas alat dengan mengurangi waktu non produktif, salah satunya adalah waktu yan hilang akibat kegiatan peledakan dengan perkiraan waktu yang hilang akibat kegiatan peledakan sleep blasting mencapai 22 Jam perbulan dimana frekwensi peledakan adalah 22 kali dilakukan setiap bulannya dan dilakukan pada saat jam produktif, dengan dilakuakan sleep blasting dimana peralatan digunakan pada saat istirahat memungkinkan dapat meningkatkan alat pengeboran sebesar 299.287 BCM pertahunnya, alat gali dan alat muat sebesar 242.880 BCM pertahunya alat pengolahan dan peleburan emas sebesar 19.725 ouces pertahunnya dan perak 100.102 ouces pertahunya. Sedangkan dari sisi sosial karena kegiatan pertambangan berdekatan dengan aktivitas masyarakat, maka sleep blasting PT Agincourt Resources mendapat beberapa keluhan dari masyarakat terutama Desa Wek III, Wek IV dan Napa yang berjarak sekitar 2,2 Km dari kegiatan peledakan, berdasarkan hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan dekat dengan desa tersebut hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan sesuai dengan SNI 7570:2010. Apabila kegiatan sleep blasting tidak dikelola dengan baik maka dapat menimbulkan kecelakaan menimbulkan kerugian pada perusahaan bila ditinjau dari aspek biaya, baik berupa direct cost maupun indirect cost , kecelakaan kerja itu bisa terjadidisebabkan oleh 94 tindakan tidak aman(unsafe act) 88%, kondisi tidak aman(unsafe condition)10% dan diluar kemampuan manusia 2%.
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Kawamura, Youhei, Yoshio Moriyama und Hyongdoo Jang. „Web-GIS Based Visualization System of Predicted Ground Vibration Induced by Blasting in Urban Quarry Sites“. Journal of Geographic Information System 11, Nr. 01 (2019): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2019.111002.
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Yu, Teng-To, W. F. Peng, Y. S. Cheng und P. Y. Wu. „Discharging Compacted Sediment by Underwater Blasting in Conjunction with a Desilting Tunnel in the Tseng-Wen Reservoir of Taiwan“. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 34, Nr. 3 (Juni 2020): 06020003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001430.
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NG, E. Y. K., und L. L. TAY. „STUDY OF BLAST DNA MATCHING TOOLKITS“. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 04, Nr. 03 (September 2004): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519404001090.
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The beginning of bioinformatics saw the development of algorithms that enabled the storage of nucleic acid and protein sequences in the form of annotated databases in a manner that would allow researchers to exchange information about gene and protein sequences easily and quickly. Databases are growing extremely fast, hence it is essential to use the current databases, which are easily available on the Web. This tutorial deals with the concept of DNA matching by using BLAST programs such as BLASTN and MEGABLAST to perform similarity sequence search and to evaluate their relative effectiveness. Interpretation of the BLAST results is done. Comparisons between the two algorithms are included based on varying parameters such as word sizes, query sequences length and gap X drop-off values, etc. It is found that as the word size increases, the computation time for both BLASTN and MEGABLAST algorithms decreases. BLASTN is more sensitive than MEGABLAST since it uses a shorter default word size of 11 as compared to MEGABLAST, which uses a default word size of 28. The search strategy offers a tradeoff between speed and sensitivity. As for BLAST 2 Sequences, MEGABLAST could perform better than BLASTN only for large word sizes greater than or equal to 16 and for longer sequences.
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Usman, Fathoni, Nursimaa Banuar, Tri Basuki Kurniawan, Mohd Nadzari Ismail und Nor Azura Othman. „Integration of Spherical 360° Panoramic Virtual Tour with Assessment Data for Risk Assessment and Maintenance of Tunnel and Cavern“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.50.
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Construct a tunnel is a challenge to nature. It releases stress by drilling and sometimes blasting different rock formation. Once it is constructed, existence of water seepage infiltrated through weakest formation of rock has developed distresses that become one of common problems in underground structure. This paper presents development a web based distress mapping application using visual assessment, non-destructive assessment and utilizing 360° spherical panoramic images to give real visualization experience tunnel and cavern of underground hydroelectric power plan. In developing the application, the virtual tour engine from krpano and scripting language Java Script were utilized. Statistical analysis on the condition of the distress was also discussed. The developed system is used to improve human experience on the assessment processes at location of distresses. By using this system, the assessment can be recorded into the database easily using any smart device with HTML browser capability and assist safety officer, engineers and tunnel owner to decide appropriate mitigation of maintenance and/or repair in order to prolong service life of the tunnel and caver of the hydroelectric power plan.
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Smith, Frazer Howard. „Field joint coating of pipelines – effect of soluble salt contamination on 2-layer heat shrink sleeve performance“. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, Nr. 2 (07.03.2016): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2015-1573.
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Purpose – During offshore pipe-lay, pipe lengths with anticorrosion coating are welded together, and, to facilitate the welding process, the ends of the pipe remain uncoated. A wide range of field joint coating (FJC) types is available for coating this bare section, functioning in conjunction with the pipeline cathodic protection system to provide an anti-corrosion system or package. This paper aims to relate to two-layer type heat shrink sleeves (2LHSS), which commonly are used for FJC of concrete-weighted offshore pipelines where the sleeve typically is over-coated with a solid or foam type polyurethane “infill”. Similar sleeves also are used sometimes in exposed conditions on lines without concrete over-coating. The maximum allowable soluble salt contamination prior to application of high-performance coating systems can vary, depending upon the coating type, but typically has been set at 20 mg/m2 (de la Fuente et al., 2006). The first layer of three-layer heat shrink sleeve (3LHSS) systems for pipeline FJC, liquid epoxy, falls into this category (ISO_21809-3:2008, 2008). In contrast, the 2LHSS system does not use a liquid epoxy first layer but relies instead on the bonding of a “mastic” layer directly to the pipe metal surface. The maximum acceptable concentration of salt contamination on prepared metal surfaces prior to the application of 2LHSS has been a subject of debate and was the focus of this study. International standards for FJC do not provide a maximum salt level. However, some companies have continued to specify low thresholds for the maximum allowable salt level for 2LHSS, which can result in expensive delays in production during offshore pipe-lay. In this study, salt contamination levels of up to 120 mg/m2 were found to have no effect on peeling performance after accelerated aging by hot water immersion. Furthermore, preparation for welding and the use of potable water during ultrasonic testing procedures prior to FJC, typically reduces the salt contamination level to below 50 mg/m2 providing a strong case for the deletion of salt contamination testing for 2LHSS. Design/methodology/approach – The potential risk of failure of the coating due to poor surface cleanliness/contamination was assessed by testing the adhesion between the coating and the steel substrate to which the coating is adhering, following a period of hot water immersion. Compliance with ISO 21809-3 “Annex I” requires 28 days’ immersion at maximum operating temperature. For this study, to create a severe situation, the test rings were subjected to accelerated aging by water immersion at the HSS upper specified temperature of 65°C for more than twice the specified period (ISO_21809-3:2008, 2008). Two HSS were tested; one was widely used in applications where exposure to moderate mechanical stress is required, having a high shear strength type mastic “hybrid” adhesive containing a significant proportion of amorphous polypropylene blended with tackifiers and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), Andrenacci et al. (2009) referred to as “Type A”. The second, referred to as “Type B”, is widely used in applications where it is covered by a layer of “infill”, typically consisting of polyurethane foam or solid polyurethane elastomer, i.e. typical design methodology for concrete coated pipelines. “Type B” HSS had a more moderate strength traditional type mastic than “Type A” containing a significant percentage of butyl rubber with asphalt, activation agents and tackifying resins. To determine how to apply the salt contamination without causing flash rust, a mini-study was completed on the steel substrate. After numerous trials, it was found impossible to not to form visible rust on the pipe surface. The extent of rusting was minimised by heating the pipe immediately after the application of the salt solution. Findings – High levels of sea salt on power tool prepared pipe surfaces were investigated by peel testing of 2LHSS after hot water immersion and compared against peel tests undertaken prior to hot water immersion. The test conditions were considered severe: salt contamination levels of up to 120 mg/m2 applied on power tool cleaned pipe surfaces that had been aged for one year without prior grit blasting. The accelerated ageing procedure had twice the specified (ISO_21809-3:2008, 2008) water immersion duration, and the test samples had exposed edges providing the possibility for moisture to creep under the coating. The test results showed that there were no noticeable deleterious effects on the performance of the two most commonly used FJCs, 2LHSS. Therefore, it was concluded that, as the level of salt contamination on prepared pipe surfaces after wet non-destructive testing typically is much lower than the levels tested in this study, pipe surfaces prepared for the application of 2LHSS type do not require specific additional measures to further reduce salt contamination, provided that care is taken to ensure that these conditions are maintained consistently during pipe laying operations. Practical implications – The frequency of salt contamination testing of power tool cleaned surfaces prior to mastic type heat shrink sleeves can be minimised, and perhaps omitted entirely, provided the above criteria are satisfied. Originality/value – A literature review revealed there was little published information on the testing of 2LHSS and nothing related to hot water immersion testing. Hence, the results of this investigation have provided useful industrial data regarding the effect of hot water ageing and the influence of surface salt contamination on field joint corrosion prevention capabilities.
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Liu, Feng Jiao, Ming Hao Fang, Xiao Jun Wang, Yan Gai Liu und Zhao Hui Huang. „Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of 3YSZ Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures“. Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.85.
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Solid particle erosion wear behavior of 3YSZ ceramics were performed by self-designed sand blasting type high-temperature solid particle erosion wear equipment, using 36#corundum as abrasive particles. 3YSZ ceramics were pressureless sintered in air atmosphere at 1500°C for 3h. The fracture toughness and Vickers hardness could achieve 10.3 MPa•m1/2and 12.8 GPa, respectively. The effect of temperature (25°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, 1000°C) and the total weight of the abrasive particles (300g, 900g, 1800g) at room temperature on the erosion wear of 3YSZ ceramic were investigated. The volume erosion rate raised and developed a nonlinear dependence on the weight of corundum abrasive particles at room temperature. The slope of the curve decreased gradually. At elevated temperature, volume erosion rate increased as the temperature went up. Nonlinear fitting presents the relationship between the volume erosion rate of 3YSZ ceramics and the corresponding temperature. Plastic deformation is the major erosion mechanism at room temperature when the weight of corundum particles was 300g and 900g. Minor chipping instead of it when the temperature grew up to 400 and 600°C or the corundum particles was as much as 1800g at 25°C. When 3YSZ targets were eroded at 800°C and 1000°C, the material removal are mainly attributed to lateral cracks for an ideally brittle material. Crack propagation is the controlling factor of volume erosion rate.
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Moraru, Cristina, Arvind Varsani und Andrew M. Kropinski. „VIRIDIC—A Novel Tool to Calculate the Intergenomic Similarities of Prokaryote-Infecting Viruses“. Viruses 12, Nr. 11 (06.11.2020): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111268.
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Nucleotide-based intergenomic similarities are useful to understand how viruses are related with each other and to classify them. Here we have developed VIRIDIC, which implements the traditional algorithm used by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee, to calculate virus intergenomic similarities. When compared with other software, VIRIDIC gave the best agreement with the traditional algorithm, which is based on the percent identity between two genomes determined by BLASTN. Furthermore, VIRIDIC proved best at estimating the relatedness between more distantly-related phages, relatedness that other tools can significantly overestimate. In addition to the intergenomic similarities, VIRIDIC also calculates three indicators of the alignment ability to capture the relatedness between viruses: the aligned fractions for each genome in a pair and the length ratio between the two genomes. The main output of VIRIDIC is a heatmap integrating the intergenomic similarity values with information regarding the genome lengths and the aligned genome fraction. Additionally, VIRIDIC can group viruses into clusters, based on user-defined intergenomic similarity thresholds. The sensitivity of VIRIDIC is given by the BLASTN. Thus, it is able to capture relationships between viruses having in common even short genomic regions, with as low as 65% similarity. Below this similarity level, protein-based analyses should be used, as they are the best suited to capture distant relationships. VIRIDIC is available at viridic.icbm.de, both as a web-service and a stand-alone tool. It allows fast analysis of large phage genome datasets, especially in the stand-alone version, which can be run on the user’s own servers and can be integrated in bioinformatics pipelines. VIRIDIC was developed having viruses of Bacteria and Archaea in mind; however, it could potentially be used for eukaryotic viruses as well, as long as they are monopartite.
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Rosti, Gianantonio, Francesca Palandri, Fausto Castagnetti, Massimo Breccia, Luciano Levato, Gabriele Gugliotta, Adele Capucci et al. „Nilotinib for the frontline treatment of Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia“. Blood 114, Nr. 24 (03.12.2009): 4933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-07-232595.
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AbstractNilotinib has a higher binding affinity and selectivity for BCR-ABL with respect to imatinib and is an effective treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after imatinib failure. In a phase 2 study, 73 early chronic-phase, untreated, Ph+ CML patients, received nilotinib at a dose of 400 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was the complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) rate at 1 year. With a median follow-up of 15 months, the CCgR rate at 1 year was 96%, and the major molecular response rate 85%. Responses were rapid, with 78% CCgR and 52% major molecular response at 3 months. During the first year, the treatment was interrupted at least once in 38 patients (52%). The mean daily dose ranged between 600 and 800 mg in 74% of patients, 400 and 599 mg in 18% of patients, and was less than 400 mg in 8% of patients. Dose interruptions were mainly due to nonhematologic and biochemical side effects. Myelosuppression was irrelevant. One patient progressed to blastic crisis after 6 months; one went off-treatment for lipase increase grade 4 (no pancreatitis). Nilotinib is safe and very active in early chronic-phase CML. These data support a role for nilotinib for the frontline treatment of CML. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00481052.
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Razzaque, Samsad, Rabab Mahdi und Aparna Islam. „Identification of Synchronized Role of Transcription Factors, Genes, and Enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana under Four Abiotic Stress Responsive Pathways“. Computational Biology Journal 2014 (26.08.2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/896513.
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Microarray datasets are widely used resources to predict and characterize functional entities of the whole genomics. The study initiated here aims to identify overexpressed stress responsive genes using microarray datasets applying in silico approaches. The target also extended to build a protein-protein interaction model of regulatory genes with their upstream and downstream connection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Four microarray datasets generated treating abiotic stresses like salinity, cold, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) were chosen. Retrieved datasets were firstly filtered based on their expression comparing to control. Filtered datasets were then used to create an expression hub. Extensive literature mining helped to identify the regulatory molecules from the expression hub. The study brought out 42 genes/TF/enzymes as the role player during abiotic stress response. Further bioinformatics study and also literature mining revealed that thirty genes from those forty-two were highly correlated in all four datasets and only eight from those thirty genes were determined as highly responsive to the above abiotic stresses. Later their protein-protein interaction (PPI), conserved sequences, protein domains, and GO biasness were studied. Some web based tools and software like String database, Gene Ontology, InterProScan, NCBI BLASTn suite, etc. helped to extend the study arena.
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Pemmaraju, Naveen, Deborah A. Thomas, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Sherry Pierce, Susan O’Brien, Jorge E. Cortes und Stefan Faderl. „Outcomes of Patients (pts) with Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) Treated with Hyper-CVAD-Based Chemotherapy Regimens: MD Anderson Case Series“. Blood 118, Nr. 21 (18.11.2011): 4263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4263.4263.
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Abstract Abstract 4263 Background: BPDCN, formerly known as CD4 + CD56 + hematodermic tumor or blastic NK cell lymphoma, is an exceedingly rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy. Although most pts with BPDCN receive intensive multi-agent chemotherapy and are referred for consideration of SCT, their prognosis remains poor and little is known about how to effectively treat these pts. Objective: We therefore reviewed the characteristics and outcome of all pts with BPDCN who were referred to us and treated with various Hyper-CVAD-based regimens to identify patterns of disease and response that might be useful for future pts. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of pts meeting the following criteria: pathological diagnosis of BPDCN confirmed by an experienced hematopathologist; age 18 or older; treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center, and at least one documented follow-up visit. Results: We identified a total of 5 pts who presented between October 2008 and July 2011. All were male. Median age was 65 yrs (range 20–86). At diagnosis, 4 of the 5 pts had bone marrow involvement; 2 pts had skin involvement, and 1 pt with inguinal lymph node involvement. Immunophenotype by flow cytometry was CD4+(4/5 pts) CD56+(1/5 pt negative), TCL-1+ (4/5 pts, unknown in 1 pt) and partial loss/negative for CD3 and CD8 (5/5 pts). Cytogenetics were complex in 2 pts and diploid in 3. Baseline median WBC was 5.4 (2.2–76.5) and baseline median platelet count was 99 (48–112). Median baseline bone marrow blasts: 21% among 4/5 pts (one not evaluable). No pts had prior history of hematologic malignancy. One pt had a daughter with CLL. All 5 pts received first-line therapy with Hyper-CVAD (1 pt received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednionse (CHOP) x1 cycle and then went on to get Hyper-CVAD × 4 cycles afterwards once diagnosis was confirmed as BPDCN). Hyper-CVAD consists of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and Dexamethasone, alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine for a total of 8 cycles followed by a 24 to 32 months lasting POMP (prednisone, vincristine, methotrexate, mercaptopurine) maintenance. All pts were referred to stem cell transplantation (SCT) if they had a donor and there were no other contraindications for SCT. All pts received a median number of 4 cycles (range 1–5) of Hyper-CVAD and median number of total lines of chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range 1–4). Three pts went on to receive a stem cell transplant (SCT), (2= allogeneic (allo) SCT, 1= autologous (auto) SCT), their outcomes showed: 1 pt achieved CR2 but died of relapsed disease status post auto SCT, 1 pt alive in CR2 for 2 months status post 1 antigen-mismatched allo SCT, 1 pt alive with bone marrow CR1 for 4 months status post allo SCT. For the other 2 pts not receiving SCT, their outcomes were: 1 pt died during first induction course, 1 pt achieved CR1 for 4 months then relapsed and died. The median duration of CR1 was 4 months (4–18). Only one pt received radiation treatment because of a residual mediastinal mass after 3 cycles of Hyper-CVAD despite bone marrow remission. Three of the 5 patients have died with a median overall survival of 32 months (pt with longest follow-up was the 1 pt with no bone marrow involvement at diagnosis and died at 32 months). Conclusion: BPDCN is a rare but aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis in most pts. Despite intensive multi-agent chemotherapy and SCT, response rates are low and survival is short. A better understanding of the biologic basis of the disease and novel treatment approaches are crucial for improving outcome. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Khouri, I. F., J. Romaguera, H. Kantarjian, J. L. Palmer, W. C. Pugh, M. Korbling, F. Hagemeister et al. „Hyper-CVAD and high-dose methotrexate/cytarabine followed by stem-cell transplantation: an active regimen for aggressive mantle-cell lymphoma.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 16, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1998): 3803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1998.16.12.3803.
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PURPOSE Diffuse and nodular forms of mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) are consistently associated with poor prognosis. In an effort to improve the outcome, we adopted a treatment plan that consisted of four courses of fractionated cyclophosphamide (CY) 1,800 mg/m2 administered with doxorubicin (DOX), vincristine (VCR), and dexamethasone (Hyper-CVAD) that alternated with high-dose methotrexate (MTX) and cytarabine (Ara-C). After four courses, patients were consolidated with high-dose CY, total-body irradiation, and autologous or allogeneic blood or marrow stem-cell transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-five patients were enrolled; 25 patients were previously untreated, 43 patients had Ann Arbor stage IV disease, and 42 patients had marrow involvement. Forty-one patients had diffuse histology, two patients had nodular, and two patients had blastic variants. RESULTS Hyper-CVAD/MTX-Ara-C induced a response rate of 93.5% (complete response [CR], 38%; partial response [PR], 55.5%) after four cycles of pretransplantation induction chemotherapy. All patients who went on to undergo transplantation achieved CRs. For the 25 previously untreated patients, the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates at 3 years were 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80 to 100) and 72% (95% CI, 45 to 98) compared with 25% (95% CI, 12 to 62; P = .005) and 17% (95% CI, 10 to 43; P = .007), respectively, for the previously treated patients. When compared with a historic control group who received a CY, DOX, VCR, and prednisone (CHOP)-like regimen, untreated patients in the study had a 3-year EFS rate of 72% versus 28% (P = .0001) and a better OS rate (92% v 56%; P = .05). Treatment-related death occurred in five patients: all were previously treated and two received allogeneic transplants. CONCLUSION The Hyper-CVAD/MTX-Ara-C program followed by stem-cell transplantation is a promising new therapy for previously untreated patients with MCL.
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Bernard, K. A., A. L. Pacheco, T. Burdz, D. Wiebe und Anne-Marie Bernier. „Corynebacterium godavarianum Jani et al. 2018 and Corynebacterium hadale Wei et al. 2018 are both later heterotypic synonyms of Corynebacterium gottingense Atasayar et al. 2017, proposal of an emended description of Corynebacterium gottingense Atasayar et al. 2017“. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, Nr. 5 (01.05.2020): 3534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004153.
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Seven strains of an unidentifiable Corynebacterium species recovered from blood cultures, urine or cerebrospinal fluid over 26 years, closest to but differentiated from Corynebacterium imitans by 16S rRNA gene and partial rpoB gene sequencing, were studied. In November 2017, Atasayar et al. described a blood culture isolate as Corynebacterium gottingense sp. nov., which had >99 % similarity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to the Canadian strains. In January 2018, Jani et al. described Corynebacterium godavarianum sp. nov., recovered from the Godavari River, India, which also had >99 % similarity by 16S/rpoB sequencing to the Canadian strains and C. gottingense. In May 2018, Wei et al. described Corynebacterium hadale recovered from hadopelagic water; this too had >99 % similarity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to C. gottingense , C. godavarianum and the Canadian strains. C. gottingense DSM 103494T and C. godavarianum LMG 29598T were acquired and whole genome sequencing was performed (not previously done). Results were compared with genomes from C. hadale (GenBank accession NQMQ01) and the Canadian isolates. We found that these ten genomes formed a single taxon when compared using digital DNA–DNAhybridization, average nucleotide identity using blastn and average amino acid identity criteria but exhibited some subtle biochemical and chemotaxonomic differences. Heuristically, we propose that C. godavarianum and C. hadale are later heterotypic synonyms of, and the Canadian isolates are identifiable as, C. gottingense . We provide an emended description of Corynebacterium gottingense Atasayar et al. 2017; genomes ranged from 2.48 to 2.69 Mb ( C. gottingense DSM 103494T, 2.62 Mb) with G+C content of 65.1–65.6 mol% (WGS), recovered from clinical and environmental sites.
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Bandyopadhyay, R., K. Sharma, T. J. Onyeka, A. Aregbesola und P. Lava Kumar. „First Report of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Leaf Blight Caused by Phytophthora colocasiae in Nigeria“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 5 (Mai 2011): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-10-0890.
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In November 2009, many farmers in Abia State were alarmed by complete destruction of their taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.) crop. Symptoms, suggestive of leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski (2), began as small, brown, water-soaked lesions that rapidly enlarged to form large, dark brown, coalescing lesions, sometimes with orange host exudations. White sporulation was evident on the lesion surface under wet conditions. The pathogen caused rapid defoliation and killed plants. The epidemic was widespread in 2010 during the rainy season (April to November) in all taro-growing areas of Nigeria. Diseased leaves were collected from taro in Iwo Village near Ibadan, cut into 4-cm2 pieces, washed in several changes of sterile water, and incubated in petri dishes lined with wet filter paper at 22°C. Newly produced sporangia were collected from the incubated leaves and plated on a selective medium (1). Sporangia were hyaline, papillate, and measured 25 to 55 × 15 to 30 μm. Zoospores encysted within 30 min after release; cysts were 9.7 to 19.5 μm in diameter. Sporangia and zoospore formation were induced in water and by chilling, respectively (1). Two leaves each of three 1-month-old taro and three Xanthosoma plants (both unknown clones) and six detached leaves of taro were inoculated with a 1 × 105/ml zoospore suspension of isolates PC01 and PC02. Detached leaves were incubated in moist chambers at 22°C. Plants were covered with polyethylene bags for 12 h after inoculation and maintained in a screenhouse. Water-soaked lesions appeared on detached leaves within 24 h postinoculation and the leaves were completely rotted 48 h later. All inoculated attached leaves of taro, but not Xanthosoma, showed typical leaf blight symptoms including abundant sporangial production. Noninoculated control detached leaves and plants were disease free. Sporangia from detached and attached inoculated leaves, when plated on selective medium, produced typical P. colocasiae colonies. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers (3). Amplicons (786 bp) were sequenced in both directions and submitted to GenBank (Accession Nos. HQ602756, HQ602757, HQ602758, and HQ602759). A BLASTn search revealed 99% similarity to a P. colocasiae strain of the Pacific Region (Accession No. GU111604), but only 94% similarity to a P. colocasiae strain from India (Accession No. GQ202149). The sequence analysis, morphological characteristics, and pathogenicity test confirmed the taro leaf blight pathogen as P. colocasiae. There are previous reports of occurrence of taro blight-like disease attributed to P. colocasiae in Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea (1), and more recently in Cameroon, but comprehensive details on pathogen or disease are not available. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed record in Nigeria of P. colocasiae causing taro blight. This disease poses a serious threat to the production and biodiversity of this important food crop. Urgent interventions are necessary to halt this emerging epidemic in West and Central Africa. References: (1) Phytophthora colocasiae, In: CABI-Crop Protection Compendium. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. (2) P. S. Tsao. Page 219 in: Phytophthora: Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathology. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1983. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocol: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, London. 1990.
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Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti, P. Pensa, A. Poli und M. L. Gullino. „First Report of Web Blight on Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA in Italy“. Plant Disease 97, Nr. 6 (Juni 2013): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-12-1012-pdn.
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Rosmarinus officinalis L., family Labiatae, is an evergreen shrub used in gardens as an aromatic or ground cover plant. In the summer of 2012, a blight was observed in a farm located near Albenga (northern Italy) on 20% of 150,000 70-day-old plants, grown in trays. Water soaked lesions appeared on leaves and stems. As the disease progressed, blighted leaves turned brown, withered, clung to the shoots, and matted on the surrounding foliage. A light mycelium spread on the substrate. Disease progressed from infected plants to healthy ones and, eventually, infected plants died. Leaf and stem fragments taken from the margin of the diseased tissues belonging to 10 plants were disinfected for 10 s in 1% NaOCl, rinsed with sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). A fungus with the morphological characters of Rhizoctonia solani was consistently and readily recovered. Three isolates of R. solani obtained from affected plants were successfully paired with R. solani tester strains AG 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 11 and examined microscopically. Three pairings were made for each recovered isolate. The isolates of R. solani from rosemary anastomosed only with tester strain AG 1 (ATCC 58946). Results were consistent with other reports on anastomosis reactions (2). Tests were repeated once. Mycelium of 10-day-old isolates from rosemary appeared light brown, compact, and radiate. Numerous dark brown sclerotia, 0.7 to 2.0 mm diameter (average 1.3), developed within 10 days at 20 to 26°C. The descriptions of mycelium and sclerotia were typical for subgroup IA Type 2 (4). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KC005724). BLASTn analysis (1) of the 657-bp showed a 99% similarity with the sequence of R. solani GU596491. For pathogenicity tests, inoculum of R. solani was prepared by growing the pathogen on wheat kernels autoclaved in 1-liter glass flasks for 8 days. One of the isolates assigned to the anastomosis group AG 1 IA was tested. Fifteen 90-day-old rosemary plants were grown in 15-liter pots in a steam disinfested peat:pomice:pine bark:clay mix (50:20:20:10) infested with 3 g/liter of infested wheat kernels, placed at the base of the stem. Fifteen plants inoculated with non-infested wheat kernels served as control treatments. Plants were covered with plastic bags and arranged in a growth chamber at 20 to 24°C with 12 h light/dark for 15 days. The first symptoms, similar to those observed in the farm, developed 10 days after inoculation. About 10 colonies of R. solani were reisolated from infected leaves and stems of each inoculated plant. Control plants remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice with similar results. Symptoms caused by R. solani have been recently observed on R. officinalis in United States (3), India, and Brazil. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of blight of R. officinalis caused by R. solani in Italy. This disease could cause serious economic losses, because rosemary is one of the most cultivated aromatic plants in the Mediterranean region. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) D. E. Carling. Grouping in Rhizoctonia solani by hyphal anastomosis reactions. In: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1996. (3) G. E. Holcomb. Plant Dis. 76:859, 1992. (4) R. T. Sherwood. Phytopathology 59:1924, 1969.
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Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti, P. Pensa, G. Ortu und M. L. Gullino. „First Report of Web Blight on Rebutia perplexa Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2-IIIB in Italy“. Plant Disease 98, Nr. 5 (Mai 2014): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-13-1063-pdn.
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Rebutia perplexa, Cactaceae family, is a clumping fine thorny cactus, producing several flushes of pink flowers. In the spring of 2013, a blight was observed in a farm located near Imperia (northern Italy) on 2% of 2,000 3-year-old plants, grown in plastic pots. Affected plants showed pale brown discoloration of stems, starting from the base, and eventually collapsed. Flowers also rotted and wilted. In the presence of high relative humidity, a rare, whitish mycelium developed on the surface of the substrate. Eventually, infected plants died. Symptomatic tissues of the stem were taken from 10 plants and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). A fungus with the morphological characters of Rhizoctonia solani (3) was consistently recovered. Three representative isolates obtained from affected plants were successfully paired with tester strains of R. solani (AG 1, AG 2-2-IIIB, AG 2-2-IV, AG 4, AG 7, AG 11) (2) and examined microscopically. Three replicated pairings were made for each tester strain. The Rebutia isolates anastomosed only with AG 2-2-IIIB tester strain with high hyphal fusion frequency. The hyphal diameter at the point of anastomosis was reduced, the anastomosis point was obvious, and death of adjacent cells was observed, indicating anastomosis reactions (1). Tests were performed twice. Mycelium of 15-day-old isolates maintained at 27 to 30°C, appeared whitish or pale buff in color, coarse, with a concentric zonation, scarce aerial mycelium, and without sclerotia. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was 30°C (daily growth rate: 24.6 mm) and isolates grew also at 35°C. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. BLASTn analysis of the 523-bp amplicon (GenBank Accession No. KF719318) showed a 99% homology with the sequence of the R. solani AG 2-2-IIIB isolate GU811672. The nucleotide sequence has been assigned the GenBank Accession No. KF719318. Therefore, on the basis of molecular characteristics, anastomosis tests, temperature growth, and cultural characteristics, the isolates from R. perplexa were identified as R. solani AG 2-2-IIIB. For pathogenicity tests, 3 g of colonized wheat kernel from 10-day-old cultures of a representative isolate of the fungus was added per 1 l of substrate in 12 potted healthy plants of R. perplexa. The inoculum was prepared by inoculating wheat kernels with the mycelium of 10-day-old cultures of the fungus and incubating at 25 ± 1°C (12 h fluorescent light, 12 h dark). Twelve plants inoculated with non-infested wheat kernels served as controls. Plants were covered with plastic bags and maintained in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C. The first symptoms, similar to those observed in the farm, developed 5 days after inoculation. Fifteen days after the artificial inoculation, all inoculated plants were dead. R. solani was re-isolated only from the stems of symptomatic plants. Control plants remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice with similar results. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of blight of R. perplexa caused by R. solani in Italy as well as worldwide. References: (1) D. E. Carling. Grouping in Rhizoctonia solani by hyphal anastomosis reactions. In: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 37-47, 1996. (2) A. Ogoshi. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 25:125, 1987. (3) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press, St Paul, MN, 1991.
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Gressin, Remy, Sylvie Caulet Maugendre, Eric Deconinck, Olivier Tournilhac, Martine Dartigeas, Marie Pierre Moles, Gerard Lepeu et al. „GMCLI, Goelams Mantle Cell Lymphoma Index, a New Prognostic Index of Survival for MCL Patients Treated with VAD-C and Autologous PBSCT.“ Blood 108, Nr. 11 (01.11.2006): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2447.2447.
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Abstract The treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and the predictive variables of response to chemotherapy and survival are largely discussed. The French Goelams group conducted between 1996 and 2000, a first line phase II prospective trial for MCL patients to test the efficacy of the VAD+C regimen, explore the effect of ASCT on patients under 60 and identify prognostic factors. Treatment: it consisted for the first step of 4 cycles of VAD+C regimen (classical VAD with vincristine, adriblastine, dexamethasone associated with chlorambucil 12 mg/D from D20 to D29. interval between two cycles 35 days). The responders (cheson criteria) went to the second step wich consisted of 4 other VAD+C regimen for patients over 60 years or for patients under 61 years, 2 other VAD+C regimen followed by a ASCT with preparative regimen including Alkeran 140 and a 8 grays TBI. Results: 90 patients were included and finally 74 retained after the pathologic review. Fifty (78%) were common forms and 24 blastoid variants. For the 74 eligible patients (40 under 61years and 34 over 60), the ORR after 4 cycles of VAD+C was 73% and 46% of the patients were in CR/CRu. ASCT influenced significantly the PFS, with a median survival of 20 months for non transplanted patients versus 37 months for ASCT recipients (p=0,001) and showed a tendency for a better OS (p=0.07). Six independent prognostic factors (PF) were identified as influencing OS: blastic variants, LDH level, lymphocytosis>5G/L, MIB1proliferation index, performance status and B symptoms. This allows to propose a new prognostic index which stratifies patients at diagnosis into 3 prognostic groups, with 0 or 1 PF (n=34, 46%), 2 or 3 PF (n=29, 39%) and 4 or more PF (n=11, 15%). For these three groups, median OS was respectively of 68, 41 and 7 months (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The VAD+C regimen thus appears as a good regimen for MCL with few prognosis factors, which can effectively be completed by an ASCT for young responders’ patients.