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1
Murphy, Gretchen. „New Women in the New Pacific: Japanese–American Romances in the Context of U.S. Empire“. Prospects 29 (Oktober 2005): 395–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001812.
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In the title of a 1903 American Journal of Sociology essay, Ernest W. Clement announces a new phenomenon: “The New Woman in Japan.” By this title, he quickly explains, he does not mean to satirically compare this Japanese sociological development to the American “parody of man” usually associated with the phrase, because “such a creature as that called the ‘new woman’ in the Occident has not yet appeared to any great extent among the Japanese.” Although sometimes in Japan “the process of the new woman's evolution may be disfigured by some accident” producing “a sickening sort of person,” Clement's interest is not in particular aberrations, but rather in “the abstract, legal new woman” created by recent changes in Japan's civil code. In this abstraction Clement sees improvement on previous Japanese laws that “relegat[ed] woman to an abnormally inferior position.” Clement thus assures readers that, although Japan's modernization hinges upon its women's legal and cultural status, female advancement in Japan will not approach the “abnormal” excesses of the United States. Quoting Alice Mabel Bacon's influential book Japanese Girls and Women to stress this point, Clement explains that Japanese men are adopting many Western habits and opinions, but they still “shrink aghast, in many cases, at the thought that their women may ever become the forward, self-assertive, half-masculine women of the West.” Yet still, many of these Japanese men express “a growing dissatisfaction with the smallness and narrowness of the lives of their wives and daughters — a growing belief that better educated women make better homes.”
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Cobble, Dorothy Sue. „Who Speaks for Workers? Japan and the 1919 ILO Debates Over Rights and Global Labor Standards“. International Labor and Working-Class History 87 (2015): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547914000271.
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AbstractContrary to conventional wisdom, some of the most contentious disputes over international labor standards and worker rights occurred not between Western nations and the “rest” but within single nations. To explore the deep fissures in Japanese society over the rights of women and workers, I offer the first scholarly account of Japan's only woman representative to the ILO's inaugural 1919 Washington conference, elite social feminist Tanaka Taka, grandniece of renowned Japanese capitalist Shibusawa Eiichi. I recount her efforts in Japan and in Washington to secure free speech and economic rights for Japan's workers, men and women, and detail the hostilities she encountered from employers and organized labor. In addition, I reconstruct the parallel tale of factory supervisor Masumoto Uhei whose appointment as Japan's labor delegate led to widespread labor protests and a power struggle between trade unions and the state in Japan. The debate over who would speak for Japan's workers at the ILO and whether Japan would accept the labor standards being proposed by Western nations captured worldwide attention. It changed ideas in the East and the West about what Japan's workers deserved and desired and had lasting consequences for global politics and social policy.
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Ikoma, Natsumi. „Through the Looking Glass of Madame Butterfly: Narrative Gender Transition in the Writings of Angela Carter“. Contemporary Women's Writing 16, Nr. 2 (01.07.2022): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cww/vpac020.
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Abstract This article situates Angela Carter’s Japanese writings in the context of multiple interconnected discourses in the 1960s and 1970s: on the one hand, anti-imperialism, postcolonialism, and feminism among European intellectuals and, on the other hand, “self-orientalism,” anti-Western nationalism, and global capitalism in postwar Japan. As a white woman in Japan, Carter was not only, as previously argued by scholars, doubly objectified as woman and foreigner, but “subjectified” in a patriarchal/colonialist discourse and made aware of her complicity in objectifying, emasculating, and exploiting the native. Carter’s Japanese and post-Japan writings reflect a newly acquired awareness of gender in a colonial context, demonstrated by her conscious use of male pronouns and gender transitions, effectively problematizing the othering tendency of European orientalists and the Japanese self-orientalist exploitation of it.
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Doering, Keiko, Judith McAra-Couper und Andrea Gilkison. „Hermeneutic Phenomenology: Bridging Western and Japanese Perspectives and Languages“. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (Januar 2022): 160940692211036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221103667.
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This article offers the reader methodological insights emerging from a hermeneutic phenomenological study that examined the meaning of the woman–midwife relationship in Japan. The methodology of hermeneutic phenomenology was chosen because it is well suited to reveal women’s and midwives’ lived experience that is often taken for granted in day-to-day maternity care settings. However, implementing the methodology was not without its challenges. These challenges included whether hermeneutic phenomenology, based on Western philosophy, could be appropriate for conducting a study involving a researcher and participants who identify as Japanese. Further, while the study required final write up in English, the interviews were conducted in Japanese. Utilizing hermeneutic phenomenology relies on language as the tool for accessing the phenomenon of enquiry. However, Japanese culture is less expressive and, relative to Western cultures, values non-verbal communication. Beyond verbal expression, language also conveys unique influences of each culture. Although it may be challenging to conduct research between different cultures, and their unique ways of thinking and languages, it is not an impossible situation and can be rewarding. The value of using hermeneutic phenomenology for a Japanese centered study helped to convey the meaning of the woman–midwife relationship in Japan. This article details the unique process of the study, in terms of the philosophical foundation and languages, to provide methodological insights and advances for future cross-cultural qualitative research.
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Satoh, Fumiko, und Motoki Osawa. „Double suicide in modern Japan (in Kanagawa prefecture): Comparison with those in post-war Japan and other countries“. Medicine, Science and the Law 58, Nr. 2 (21.02.2018): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802418758780.
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Double-suicide cases have long been common in Japan, particularly among lovers. Classical studies conducted in the 1950s are well known. According to a report by Ohara, the double-suicide rate in Japan was recorded as 3.1% in 1954. Nevertheless, recent tendencies have not been reported. To assess the latest trends of double suicide, extensive studies were conducted in a populous area of Kanagawa, Japan, during 1999–2011. Suicides during the period in the domestic area claimed 23,195 victims. In all, 82 cases of double suicide were extracted, with 170 victims, meaning that double suicides occurred with incidence of 0.73% among all suicides. The mean age and standard deviation were 51.6±16.1 years, with 83 men and 87 women. The suicide-partner relationships included 40 cases (48.8%) of married couples, 13 (15.9%) of unmarried lovers, and 10 (12.2%) of elderly woman and her son/daughter dyads. No significant difference was found from Western countries in the incidence of double-suicide cases in Japan, except for a higher incidence of suicide involving elderly people and their sons/daughters. The traditional style of double suicide by lovers has become less frequent in modern Japanese society, presumably because of changing marriage styles and values.
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Balestrieri, Antonio, Elena Magnani, Cecilia Ragazzini und Giampiero Pasini. „Primary insulin autoimmune syndrome in an Italian woman: a case report“. Italian Journal of Medicine 9, Nr. 2 (08.05.2015): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2015.483.
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Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare syndrome characterized by fasting or postprandial hypoglycemia, high levels of anti-insulin antibodies and high concentration of total serum immunoreactive insulin. It is relatively known in Japan, rare in remaining Asia and it is extremely uncommon in Western countries, being characterized by a different race-related incidence and associated with HLADR4 alleles. Usually IAS is related to particular drugs, or to autoimmune, rheumatologic or hematological diseases, while it is very rare as a primary form. Here we described a case of an Italian woman affected by a primary form of Hirata syndrome.
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Noble, Colin, Nancy K. Napier und Sully Taylor. „Western Women Working in Japan: Breaking Corporate Barriers.“ Pacific Affairs 69, Nr. 3 (1996): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760943.
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Ohagi, Yuko, Shinobu Tamura, Chiaki Nakamoto, Hiromichi Nakamoto, Masayuki Saijo, Masayuki Shimojima, Yoshio Nakano und Tokuzo Fujimoto. „Mild Clinical Course of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in an Elderly Japanese Patient“. Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/918135.
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious and hemorrhagic disease recently described in China and western Japan. A 71-year-old healthy Japanese woman noticed a tick biting her after harvesting in an orchard and removed it herself. She developed diarrhea, anorexia, and chills eight days later. Because these symptoms continued, she visited a primary care physician 6 days after the onset. Laboratory data revealed thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. She was then referred to our hospital. Although not completely fulfilling the diagnostic criteria used in a retrospective study in Japan, SFTS was suspected, and we detected SFTS virus in the patient’s blood using RT-PCR. However, she recovered without intensive treatment and severe complications 13 days after the onset. In this report, we present a mild clinical course of SFTS virus infection in Japan in detail.
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Abe, Takumi, Akihiko Kitamura, Satoshi Seino, Yuri Yokoyama, Hidenori Amano, Yu Taniguchi, Mariko Nishi et al. „Differences in the Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Frailty in Five Japanese Residential Areas“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 20 (18.10.2019): 3974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203974.
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This study aimed to examine area differences in the prevalence of and factors associated with frailty. This cross-sectional study included metropolitan (eastern and western areas), suburban (districts A and B), and rural areas of Japan (n = 9182, woman 50.9%). Frailty was defined by using a standardized questionnaire comprising three subcategories (fall, nutritional status, and social activities). The prevalence of frailty in the five areas was 14.2% to 30.6% for men and 11.5% to 21.4% for women. The areas with a high frailty prevalence had a significantly lower nutritional status or social activity, or both. Compared to the western metropolitan area, among men, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) of frailty was significantly higher in the eastern metropolitan area and lower in suburban district A, and among women, the eastern metropolitan and rural areas had significantly higher APRs. Area-stratified multiple Poisson regression analysis showed that age, bone and joint disease, and a subjective economic status were associated with frailty in most areas and that some factors were area-specific, i.e., living alone (for men living in metropolitan areas) and underweight (for women living in suburban areas). The frailty prevalence differed by area, even after multivariable adjustment. Area-specific characteristics and factors associated with frailty may result in area differences.
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Senica, Klemen. „Following in the Footsteps of Isabella Bird?“ Asian Studies 9, Nr. 3 (10.09.2021): 225–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.3.225-257.
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Alma Karlin (1889–1950), a round-the-world traveller, intellectual, and writer from Celje, Slovenia, arrived in Japan and lived in Tokyo in the early 1920s, an era which historians consider to be an interim period between the initial expansion of the Japanese Empire to mainland Asia and its end in 1945. The writer’s fascination with the land can be inferred, among other things, from a 35-page description of Japan and the Japanese in her most famous book, Einsame Weltreise. Die Tragödie einer Frau (The Odyssey of a Lonely Woman), and passages in Reiseskizzen (Travel Sketches), an earlier work. The article aims to place these travel accounts in the historical and ideological contexts of their time while highlighting some similarities and differences between the representations of the land and its people by Karlin and those by Isabella Bird (1831–1904). Although Karlin makes no explicit reference to the famous British traveller in her writing on Japan, the article demonstrates that she must have known about Bird’s book Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. It is, above all, her decision to introduce her (German) readers to topoi that were typical of Victorian women’s travel writing which suggests that Karlin partly based her image of Japan, if not even the itinerary of her journey there, on Bird’s bestselling work. Nevertheless, Karlin does not seem to have conformed to the then dominant orientalist discourses on Japan, her representations generally showing none of the Western arrogance that was so typical of her fellow travellers of both sexes.
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Kosaka, Taijiro. „The usefulness of ultrasonography in a ductal carcinoma in situ screening program for Japanese woman.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, Nr. 27_suppl (20.09.2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.24.
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24 Background: Although varying among areas, the mammogram (MMG) screening rate is very low in Japan as compared to the U.S. at approximately 20% versus nearly 80% in the U.S. On the other hand, rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detection among diagnosed breast cancers differ minimally: 20% in the U.S., and 15% in Japan. This is a small difference considering the difference MMG screening rates. Racial differences have been suggested to be attributable to the organization of screening programs in Japan, which also use ultrasonography (US) breast cancer screening, as well as breast size in Japanese women. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated MMG and US images of 91 DCIS cases, all 91 Japanese women who under underwent surgery between May 2010 and February 2012. US (TOSHIBA Aplio, probe 9MHz) was performed with knowledge of MMG findings. The 91 cases were divided into group with tumor detected by MMG and US (M&U), MMG detection only (M), and US detection only (U). The following parameters were analyzed: US shape (Tumor-forming lesion: TFL, Non-tumor-forming lesion: NTFL, Cystic-forming lesion: CFL), Skin-Muscle distance: SMD. We excluded asynchronous bilateral breast cancers and micro-invasive DCIS. Results: Sixty-eight lesions (73.0%) were identified by US, which revealed a NTLF in 52 cases, TLF in 9 cases and CFL in 7 cases. All cases with false-negative findings on US (Group M, n = 23) showed micro-calcifications on MMG (n=22) and with the tumor (n=1). In the U group, SMD was only 23 mm versus 43.4mm in the M group. No difference was observed in body mass index or pathological tumor diameter between the U and M. Conclusions: We found US to reveal DCIS in 73% of our cases upon reevaluation. Although US examination would not likely increase the screening detection rate for DCIS in Japanese women, US may reveal more DCIS in Japanese women, in which the breasts are comparatively small, than in western women. Further comparison of possible racial difference is warranted.
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Russell, John G. „Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900 (review)“. Journal of Japanese Studies 31, Nr. 1 (2005): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2005.0027.
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Howe, Sondra Wieland. „The Role of Women in the Introduction of Western Music in Japan“. Bulletin of Historical Research in Music Education 16, Nr. 2 (Januar 1995): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153660069501600201.
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Burns, Susan L. „Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900 (review)“. Monumenta Nipponica 60, Nr. 2 (2005): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mni.2005.0019.
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Gaitanidis, Ioannis. „Gender and Spiritual Therapy in Japan“. International Journal for the Study of New Religions 3, Nr. 2 (31.12.2012): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v3i2.269.
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Therapies that are advertised as caring for mind, body and spirit, have become increasingly visible since the 1980s, and consist of the central focus of New Age activities in the West, and more recently in non-Western countries such as Japan. This article aims at demonstrating the applicability to the Japanese setting of theories that link the overwhelming presence of women among practitioners and clients of these “spiritual therapies” to their ability of both legitimizing and subverting traditional discourses of femininity. The author focuses particularly on Japanese women therapists’ testimonies that combine a legitimization of women’s involvement in spiritual therapies through their association with the beauty industry, with an overt criticism of the socio-economic conditions that encourage gender discrimination.
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Taddei, Cristina, Rod Jackson, Bin Zhou, Honor Bixby, Goodarz Danaei, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Kari Kuulasmaa et al. „National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries“. International Journal of Epidemiology 49, Nr. 1 (18.07.2019): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz099.
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Abstract Background Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.
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Akibayashi, Kozue. „Cold War Shadows of Japan’s Imperial Legacies for Women in East Asia“. positions: asia critique 28, Nr. 3 (01.08.2020): 659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8315179.
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Japan occupies a unique position in the history of East Asia as the sole non-Western colonial power. Japan’s defeat in the Asia-Pacific War that ended its colonial expansion did not bring justice to its former colonies. The Japanese leadership and people were spared from being held accountable for its invasion and colonial rule by the United States in its Cold War strategy to make post–World War II Japan a military outpost and bulwark in the region against communism. How then did the Cold War shape feminisms in Japan, a former colonizing force that never came to terms with its colonial violence? What was the impact of the Cold War on Japanese women’s movements for their own liberation? What are the implications for today? This article discusses the effects of Japan’s imperial legacies during the Cold War and the current aftermath with examples taken from the history of the women’s movement in Japan.
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Hazama, Kyoko, und Satoshi Katsuta. „Cognitive Distortions Among Sexual Offenders Against Women in Japan“. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, Nr. 16 (27.09.2016): 3372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516669544.
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Research in Western countries has indicated that the cognitive distortions of sexual offenders play an etiological and maintenance role in offending. The present study examines whether the cognitive distortions hypothesized by previous Western studies can be found in Japanese sexual offenders against women. This study used the questionnaire administered by probation officers in the special cognitive-behavioral treatment programs for sexual offenders, which have been implemented since 2006 in Japan. Participants in the offender group were 80 Japanese male probationers and parolees (more than 19 years old, M age = 34.6, SD = 8.8) convicted of rape ( n = 39) or indecent assault ( n = 41). All of them attended special treatment programs at probation offices. The non-offender comparison group consisted of 95 Japanese male probation officers and police officers ( M age = 35.5, SD = 11.4). A factor analysis of the questionnaire responses extracted three factors: Blaming the Victim, Minimization, and Avoidance of Responsibility. The data analyses showed that sexual offenders scored significantly higher than non-offender participants on the three subscales. No significant differences were found among four sexual offender groups classified as rapists or indecent assaulters and with or without previous convictions for sexual offenses. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that rapists and indecent assaulters placed on probation or parole in Japan hold cognitive distortions concerning sexual assaults against women than the control group of probation and police officers. The findings of this study also suggest that cognitive distortions exhibited by sexual offenders against women transcend cultural divides.
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Savas, Akiko. „Modernization in Japanese Fashion and the Influence of Fashion Magazines in 1930s Japan: Focusing on the Case of Fashion“. GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN, Nr. 3 (31.03.2020): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.62231/gp3.160001a2.
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In the 1930s when contemporaneousness was rapidly being realized all over the world, Japanese fashion experienced a dramatic change under the strong influence of Western fashion culture. This paper examines the modernization/Westernization of Japanese fashion and the role that fashion magazines had played in it. By analyzing the articles in Fashion, the first monthly fashion magazine in Japan, this study delineates what modern Japanese fashion aspired to and the issues it had to address. In the 1930s, a transition period from kimonos to the Western clothes, Japanese women had conflicted feelings about wearing Western clothes, thus Fashion encouraged them through articles which suggested easy ways to adopt Western clothes while publicizing the ideal body image as suitable for Western clothes. In addition, by considering the influences of fashion magazines on Japanese women in the context of a novel by Jun’ichirō Tanizaki, The Makioka Sisters, this study also examines the paradoxical effects of the new body image imposed on Japanese women, that the author depicted through the female character of this novel.
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Okamoto, Kohei, und Masatoshi Morita. „A Study on the Distribution of Foreign-Female-Isolated Areas in Japan“. Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15.07.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-279-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 made a realization of non-Japanese living dispersed in various areas across Japan. The non-Japanese trainees working in the small-size factories in the underpopulated areas and the immigrant wives married to Japanese men in the farming areas were there to compensate for the decreasing Japanese working-age population and the decreasing number of Japanese women who will marry farmers. These women, mostly Chinese and Filipino, live in local communities, isolated from the other non-Japanese residents; they cannot use their mother tongue, they cannot get mutual helps, and they cannot form ethnic community. Their distribution pattern is very different from that in foreigner-concentrated areas in metropolises like Tokyo and Osaka. Ethnicity studies in geography and sociology have mainly focused on foreigner-concentrated areas. There have been few studies on ethnic minorities who live dispersed among their host society. They have been invisible in Japanese society. This study try to clarify where in Japan non-Japanese are living dispersed and develop the method to measure how sparsely they are scattered.</p><p>This study analyses the distribution pattern on non-Japanese by using the Grid Square Statistics of 2010 Population Census and GIS. The Grid Square Statistics is one of the small area statistics which divides the whole area of Japan into small mesh. This study uses statistics of 1&thinsp;km&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;1&thinsp;km grids (Figure 1).</p><p>So far, we have seen that the degree of the isolation of the non-Japanese woman is remarkable in north-eastern Japan. For example, among the 3,249 inhabited grids of Yamagata Prefecture, 1,291 of which had non-Japanese residents, 509 had only one non-Japanese, and 479 of those 509 non-Japanese were women. In other words, 15.7% of the one-square-kilometre inhabited grids in Yamagata Prefecture had only one non-Japanese resident and that person was female, which is the highest among 47 prefectures in Japan. On the other hand, this ratio was relatively low in the metropolitan areas including Kanagawa prefecture and the prefectures of southwestern Japan (Figure 2).</p><p>This study identifies the grid which have only one non-Japanese and that person is female as “isolated-grid”. In the isolated-grids, there are grids where no foreigners live in the 8 adjacent grids, which could be named as “more-isolated-grid” (Figure 1). When we calculate the proportions of the grids for each prefecture and draw them with Quantile classification (Figure 3, left), isolated-grids are distributed in eastern Japan such as Tohoku region same as Figure 2. On the other hand, more-isolated-grids are found not only in eastern Japan but also in western Japan such as Kyushu (Figure 3, right). This is a new finding that has never been said before.</p>
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Leventoglu, Alev, Pelin Ozlu und Ferda Ince. „An Unusual Case of Subclinical Peripheral Neuropathy and Cervical Spondylosis in Atopic Myelitis“. Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/489451.
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Many cases of atopic myelitis have been reported in Japan; however very few were described in western countries. An 82-year-old woman with a past medical history of atopic dermatitis and asthma presented with progressive paresthesia (tingling) of both hands and tetraparesis. Before the onset of neurological symptoms, she complained of ichthyosis of both legs for 5 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multisegmental degenerative arthritis, degenerative disc disease, and abnormal spinal cord signal intensity over several cervical segments, suggesting the diagnosis of myelitis. Total serum IgE level was elevated. Nerve conduction studies revealed asymmetric axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. The cerebrospinal fluid specimen showed lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein level. Based on clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings, atopic myelitis was diagnosed. The diagnosis of atopic myelitis should be considered in myelopathy patients with history of atopy and elevated serum IgE levels.
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Molony, Barbara. „From "Mothers of Humanity" to "Assisting the Emperor": Gendered Belonging in the Wartime Rhetoric of Japanese Feminist Ichikawa Fusae“. Pacific Historical Review 80, Nr. 1 (01.02.2011): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2011.80.1.1.
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Ichikawa Fusae, like other Japanese feminists from the 1920s through the 1940s, faced a dilemma as Japan pursued an increasingly aggressive foreign policy, first in Asia and later toward Western nations. A founder of the Women's Suffrage League who shared the gender-neutral beliefs of a transnational group of feminists, Ichikawa initially rejected the notion that women deserved the vote because of their status as mothers but eventually adopted this rationale as a strategy to gain inclusion in the Japanese nation-state. By the 1940s she also came to accept that service to the state in wartime——even service to a militaristic state whose policies she deplored——might offer the only means by which women could achieve individual citizenship in Japan. Feminists in Japan and elsewhere continue to debate the legacy of her choices.
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Adams, Ellen E. „Colonial Geographies, Imperial Romances: Travels in Japan with Ellen Churchill Semple and Fannie Caldwell Macaulay“. Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778141400005x.
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In 1911, geographer Ellen Churchill Semple and novelist Fannie Caldwell Macaulay departed on an eighteen-month tour around the world. Semple was planning to do fieldwork in Japan, where Macaulay had lived from 1902 to 1907. This paper examines the texts that Semple and Macaulay produced as a result of their experiences in Japan: two articles published in geographical journals by Semple and Macaulay's novelsThe Lady of the DecorationandThe Lady and Sada San. Travel and travel writing were one of the key ways in which white women manifested their cultural authority. Although their texts had very different purposes and audiences, Semple and Macaulay both drew upon and contributed to Orientalist discourses. In both cases, the women's authority ultimately derived from their positions as representatives of white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant American culture, and their work helped reinforce U.S. power and the legitimacy of imperialism. By producing texts that criticized those aspects of non-Western societies that diverged from Western norms and praising those areas in which they conformed, they affirmed the superiority of Western, and specifically American, culture.
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Kolpashnikova, Kamila, und Man-Yee Kan. „Unconditional Quantile Regression Approach: Effects of Education on Housework Time in the US and Japan“. Social Sciences 9, Nr. 12 (18.12.2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9120235.
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We compare the association between educational attainment and housework participation among single and married women in Japan and the US. Using the cross-sectional time-use diaries from the 2006 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the 2006 Japanese Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (STULA) and unconditional quantile regressions (UQR), we test whether educational attainment is associated with less time spent on housework in Japan compared to the US. We find that this assumption stands only for American women and non-married Japanese women. However, married Japanese women are unlikely to reduce participation in housework with an increase in their educational level. Married Japanese women are more likely to do more housework proportionately to the level of their education. The findings reveal the presence of a marriage penalty among highly educated Japanese women. In Japan, the institute of marriage places higher expectations regarding women’s housework participation on married women with higher levels of education, thereby penalising Japanese women with higher educational attainments. Our findings illustrate that the tenets of the resource-based and gender-centred frameworks developed based on the empirical findings in Western countries cannot always directly apply to the patterns observed in East Asia.
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Chen, Xiaomei. „A Stage of Their Own: The Problematics of Women's Theater in Post-Mao China“. Journal of Asian Studies 56, Nr. 1 (Februar 1997): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2646341.
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Hu shi's play of 1919, The Main Event of One's Life (Zhongshen dashi), introduced spoken drama (huaju) to the modern Chinese stage, in imitation of the plays in the Western Ibsenesque tradition. Ever since then, May Fourth male playwrights such as Guo Moruo, Ouyang Yuqian, Chen Dabei, and others, in forming a tradition countering that of the Confucian ruling ideology, have treated women's liberation and equality issues as important political and ideological strategies (Chen 1995, 137–55). Female playwrights such as Bai Wei also depicted loving mothers and courageous daughters waging a fierce struggle against the patriarchal society, symbolized either by domineering and lustful domestic fathers or by new nationalist fathers already corrupted by the emerging revolution. The tradition on the part of both male and female playwrights of exploring woman as a metaphor for national salvation and a given political agenda was most fully articulated in the street theater that grew up during the period of the War of Resistance to Japan.
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Lukyanets, Artem, und Nikita Ryazantsev. „Women’s situation in Japanese society: socio-demographic aspects“. Woman in russian society, SU (03.01.2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2021.0.5.
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The article discusses the place of women in modern Japanese society. It is established that in recent years, the transformation of socio-economic processes in Japanese society has intensified, which consists in a gradual transition from traditional Japanese values based mainly on the family as the main unit of Japanese society to modern, Western-oriented ones that focus on women’s self-identification and self-determination. Analysis of opinion polls has shown that recently women in Japan at earlier reproductive ages do not consider the creation of a family and the birth of children a priority in life. The forecast of the female population up to 2025 is made by major age groups. With the overall decline in the female population of Japan, the number of women aged 65 and older will continue to grow until 2040, due to the demographic aging of the entire population of Japan, caused by a low birth rate and high life expectancy. It is established that the birth rate is decreasing from year to year, and, at the moment, there are no objective factors to change the situation.
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Andreeva, Anna. „Explaining Conception to Women?“ Asian Medicine 12, Nr. 1-2 (21.02.2017): 170–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341391.
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Abstract Recent findings by Japanese and Western scholars specializing in Buddhism have cast light on a variety of theories of conception and gestation that were known within the religious and cultural milieu of medieval Japan. In the early fourteenth century, these ideas about the origins of life and the human body were incorporated not only into the esoteric Buddhist rituals and theological treatises that shaped the religious landscape of medieval Japan, but also into medico-religious writings focusing on women’s health. This article discusses the theories of conception and gestation seen in the Encyclopedia of Childbirth (Sanshō ruijūshō 産生類聚抄, ca. 1318), a hand-written manuscript preserved at Kanazawa Bunko, one of Japan’s surviving medieval temple archives. This manuscript is a rare source on women’s health from medieval Japan, which describes the issues of conception, infertility, and childbirth from the Buddhist and medical perspective. It explains conception through the ideas found in certain Chinese translations of Indian Buddhist treatises such as the Daodijing 道地経 (one of the extant translations of the Yogācārabhūmi) and Jushe lun 俱舎論 (Skt. Abhidharmakośa bhāṣya, Jpn. Kusharon), Buddhist scriptures, as well as Japanese Buddhist and medical treatises, including a collection attributed to the Tendai monk Annen 安然 (841–889?) and Tanba Yasuyori’s 丹波康頼 (912–995) Essentials of Medicine (Ishinpō 醫心方, ca. 984).
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Lee, Su Ki. „Korea from the perspective of Western journalists during the opening of the port: Siegfried Genthe, Jack London, William A: son Grebst, Frederick Arthur McKenzie“. Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 86 (31.05.2023): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.86.159.
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In this article, I would like to look at Korea from the perspective of Western journalists during the opening of the port. The researcher focused on four interests that Western journalists are interested in due to paper relations: Seoul, Koreans, journalists, men and women. Chapter II briefly introduces the authors and books of German Genthe, American Jack London, Swedish Ason Grebst, and British Mackenzie by order of visit. Chapter III deals with the perception of the Russo-Japanese War, focusing on American Jack London, Swedish Ason Grebst, and British Mackenzie, except for Gente, who visited in 1901.Western journalists commonly pointed out that Japan attacked the Russo-Japanese War first. Western journalists viewed Japan more favorably than Russia. However, it has not deviated from Westerners' perception of orientalism. Chapter IV dealt with the interests of the four journalists, Genthe, Jack London, Ason Grebst, and Mackenzie. It was confirmed that Western reporters' perceptions and views of Seoul were based on orientalism. Reporters also recorded what they saw with their own eyes according to their duties, not as “difference,” but as “different.” Except for Jack London, Genthe, Ason Grebst, and Mackenzie did not have orientalist perceptions of Western journalists' perceptions of Koreans. Jack London reflected Orientalist thinking about Koreans in his writing. Other reporters, however, recorded their first-hand experiences with Koreans, characterizing them. This is also the Korean perspective on Westerners from a different perspective. Western journalists' perception of journalists predicted Japan's victory during the Russo-Japanese War. Journalists had to be censored for Japanese surveillance and articles in Korea. What is unusual is that it did not show an orientalist perception of the media. This is what reporters judged according to the situation at the time. Finally, in the case of Western journalists' views on Korean men and women, Genthe and Jack London expressed orientalist perceptions by mentioning that Korea is a male-centered society. On the other hand, Ason Grebst and Mackenzie described Korean women by status. As described above, the researcher looked at Korea from the perspective of Western journalists during the opening of the port. Although Westerners come to Korea with orientalist perception, it was confirmed by analyzing that orientalist perception changes through direct experience. In the future, this researcher thinks that reporters should study what they perceive about Korea more abundantly.
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Lukyantseva, Polina. „The Evolution of Feminism in Japan: Issues of Gender and the Perception of Japanese Women“. Sexuality and Gender Studies Journal 1, Nr. 1 (12.06.2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/sgsj.v1i1.194.
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The history and specifics of the feminist movement in Japan have been a topic of interest in the research world for many years. Asian and Western scholars also acknowledge that feminism has a long history in Japan. Although Japan has spent more than 150 years trying to address social issues, the problem of gender inequality remains unresolved. Therefore, this study primarily illustrates the evolution of the feminist movement in Japan, comparing two “waves” of the feminist movement. Furthermore, this paper examines the development of female and male roles as well as gender bias in modern patriarchal society. It provides examples of the most common ideologies, Japanese femininity and masculinity, and the system Fu-you. It also illustrates and explains how traditional roles, Japanese patriarchal ideology, and modern trends coexist in contemporary Japan. Moreover, this study proved that for a significant number of women (65%) in 2021, the so-called "escape route" (i.e., successful marriage) remains a solution to their financial stability. In this study, the following research methods were applied. A thorough historical context analysis (qualitative approach) was required to comprehend the dynamics and specifics of feminism and examine social issues. The principle of historicism (qualitative method) helped to illuminate and compare the impact of the feminist movement and analyze how feminism developed after the Second World War, in the 70-s, in the 90-s, and in contemporary Japan, investigating each period separately or comparing it. Finally, the data analysis and data interpretation research method helped to organize or categorize data.
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Volkmar, John A., und Kate L. Westbrook. „Does a decade make a difference? A second look at western women working in Japan“. Women in Management Review 20, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2005): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420510624710.
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Fukuda, Setsuya. „The Changing Role of Women’s Earnings in Marriage Formation in Japan“. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 646, Nr. 1 (30.01.2013): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212464472.
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Japan is one of a few developed countries in which marriage and higher earning potential among women are negatively associated. Previous studies have suggested that a traditional gender division of labor is at the root of this negative relationship, but this study suggests that the relationship is changing. In this article, I examine the latest marriage behavior among Japanese women from 1993 to 2008, focusing on the relationship between women’s economic emancipation and marriage in a gender-traditional society. Using the longest panel survey available in Japan, this study first demonstrates that the effects of women’s earnings have reversed, and are now in fact positive in the 1970s cohort. This suggests that Japanese marriage behaviors now resemble more than in the past those of Western countries, where wives’ economic contributions to the family are considered important. I argue that changes in young adults’ gender ideology have been the major force in facilitating this shift.
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Wilensky, Harold L. „Can Social Science Shape the Public Agenda?“ Contexts 4, Nr. 2 (Mai 2005): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2005.4.2.41.
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Although America leads the world in conducting social scientific evaluations of public policies, in the end, social science contributes less to policymaking here than it does in most of Western Europe and Japan. Instead, our research has little bearing on whether a government program lives or dies. Intellectuals typically have tense relationships with men and women of power, but the disconnect between research and policy is most extreme in the United States.
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Moiseenko, Vera Sergeevna. „Artistic image of a modern Japanese woman in the anime film “Paprika” directed by Satoshi Kon“. Культура и искусство, Nr. 11 (November 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2021.11.34376.
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Cross-cultural communications prompted the international popularity of the Japanese original genre of anime. It has become the translator of not only the Japanese mentality and traditional values to the West, but also demonstrates the changes taking place in Japan. The analysis of artistic image of the anime heroine Atsuko Chiba (Paprika) is the goal of this research. Noticeable changes in the status of women in Japanese society are observed only since the middle of the XX century, which immediately found reflection in Japanese cinematography. The use of empirical and comparative methods allow establishing that the changes taking place in Japanese traditional society changes retain the national peculiarities. The anime film “Paprika” directed by Satoshi Kon, which is based on the eponymous novel by Yasutaka Tsutsui, reflects the transformation of the role of women in modern society. The novelty of this work lies the fact that this article analyzes the virtually unstudied topic of the artistic imagery in anime and the structure of modern female image therein. The images of Atsuko Chiba and Paprika, translated from the novel to anime, indicate the changes that took place in the Japanese society in the late XX – early XXI century, and namely the female image that gives a better perspective and sense of such changes. Despite the Western influence upon the traditional Japanese society and transition of the country into the new level of development, did not hinder the preservation of national peculiarities that are based on the century-old traditions and Japanese mentality.
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Stark-Wroblewski, Kim, Barbara J. Yanico und Steven Lupe. „Acculturation, Internalization of Western Appearance Norms, and Eating Pathology Among Japanese and Chinese International Student Women“. Psychology of Women Quarterly 29, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00166.x.
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In the context of the sociocultural model of eating disorders, this study investigated the hypothesis that Westernization would be positively associated with eating pathology among non-Western women. International participants from Japan ( n = 26), Peoples Republic of China ( n = 25), Taiwan ( n = 30), and Hong Kong ( n = 25) who were studying in the United States completed the Eating Attitudes Test, Symptoms Checklist, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire, the American–International Relations Survey, and a demographic questionnaire. Awareness and internalization of Western appearance norms were positively associated with eating disordered symptoms, but acculturation was not. Results lend further support for the sociocultural model. It is suggested that measures of eating pathology and acculturation be closely examined with respect to their cross-cultural relevance, particularly when conducting research involving international populations.
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Aronsson, Anne. „Professional Women and Elder Care in Contemporary Japan: Anxiety and the Move Toward Technocare“. Anthropology & Aging 43, Nr. 1 (28.03.2022): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2022.360.
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The elder population in Japan is increasing drastically, causing a number of issues that have not yet surfaced in most Western countries. Demographic data from Japan reveal that the Japanese have the longest lifespan globally, resulting in the world’s highest population of older adults. Concurrently, the country has a rapidly declining birth rate. As the population ages, the workforce is shrinking and leaving a high number of elders with fewer caregivers to meet their needs. At present, the Japanese government is developing robotic care solutions to overcome the elder care labor shortage and implementing a new agenda to introduce social robots into the field. This article discusses professional women in Japan and their burden of caring for aging relatives and how introducing robotic care devices might reduce current anxieties regarding the provision of elder care. It analyzes the elder care strategies of 12 white-collar professional women in their forties and fifties and examines the extent to which gendered, expected at-home caregiving affects their professional commitments and associated anxieties. The findings below provide crucial insight into the most effective strategies that can be used by Japanese women to balance their careers with responsibilities to care for older relatives, particularly when it is impossible to predict the intensity of caregiving in the future.
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Nugroho, Dhimas Adi, Fitri Alfarisy, Afizal Nuradhim Kurniawan und Elin Rahma Sarita. „Tren Childfree dan Unmarried di kalangan Masyarakat Jepang“. COMSERVA Indonesian Jurnal of Community Services and Development 1, Nr. 11 (24.04.2022): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/comserva.v1i11.153.
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The entry of western cultural influences into Japan brought various kinds of trends, both in the form of technology, science and trends, one of which is the trend of child-free and unmarried, this trend began to be followed by Japanese people, especially in urban areas. child-free and unmarried trends. This research uses descriptive analysis method, describes the current trends in Japanese society, and data obtained from literature studies. The development of this trend has had a major impact on Japan, especially women and on the rate of population growth, the patriarchal culture that has existed for a long time has spurred Japanese women to voice their rights in self-determination. The feminist movement developed and had a great influence on Japanese women. From this trend, it can be concluded that population problems are starting to emerge, including the increasing number of elderly people and the low rate of population growth. In addition, the Japanese government's efforts have emerged so that the rights of Japanese women are fulfilled and population growth increases
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Nugroho, Dhimas Adi, Fitri Alfarisy, Afizal Nuradhim Kurniawan und Elin Rahma Sarita. „Tren Childfree dan Unmarried di kalangan Masyarakat Jepang“. COMSERVA Indonesian Jurnal of Community Services and Development 1, Nr. 11 (24.04.2022): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v1i11.153.
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The entry of western cultural influences into Japan brought various kinds of trends, both in the form of technology, science and trends, one of which is the trend of child-free and unmarried, this trend began to be followed by Japanese people, especially in urban areas. child-free and unmarried trends. This research uses descriptive analysis method, describes the current trends in Japanese society, and data obtained from literature studies. The development of this trend has had a major impact on Japan, especially women and on the rate of population growth, the patriarchal culture that has existed for a long time has spurred Japanese women to voice their rights in self-determination. The feminist movement developed and had a great influence on Japanese women. From this trend, it can be concluded that population problems are starting to emerge, including the increasing number of elderly people and the low rate of population growth. In addition, the Japanese government's efforts have emerged so that the rights of Japanese women are fulfilled and population growth increases
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Okubo, Hitomi, Kentaro Murakami, Satoshi Sasaki, Mi Kyung Kim, Naoko Hirota, Akiko Notsu, Mitsuru Fukui und Chigusa Date. „Relative validity of dietary patterns derived from a self-administered diet history questionnaire using factor analysis among Japanese adults“. Public Health Nutrition 13, Nr. 7 (15.01.2010): 1080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009993211.
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AbstractObjectiveAlthough dietary pattern approaches derived from dietary assessment questionnaires are widely used, only a few studies in Western countries have reported the validity of this approach. We examined the relative validity of dietary patterns derived from a self-administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ) among Japanese adults.DesignThe DHQ, assessing diet during the preceding month, and 4 d dietary records (DR) were collected in each season over one year. To derive dietary patterns, 145 food items in the DHQ and 1259 in the DR were classified into thirty-three predefined food groups, and entered into a factor analysis.SettingThree areas in Japan; Osaka (urban), Nagano (rural inland) and Tottori (rural coastal).SubjectsA total of ninety-two Japanese women and ninety-two Japanese men aged 31–76 years.ResultsWe identified three dietary patterns (‘healthy’, ‘Western’ and ‘Japanese traditional’) in women and two (‘healthy’ and ‘Western’) in men, which showed a relatively similar direction and magnitude of factor loadings of food groups across the first and mean of four DHQ (DHQ1 and mDHQ, respectively) and 16 d DR. The Pearson correlation coefficients between DHQ1 and 16 d DR for the healthy, Western and Japanese traditional patterns in women were 0·57, 0·36 and 0·44, and for the healthy and Western patterns in men were 0·62 and 0·56, respectively. When mDHQ was examined, the correlation coefficients improved for women (0·45–0·69).ConclusionsDietary patterns derived from the DHQ could be used for epidemiological studies as surrogates of those derived from DR.
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Ihara, Yuko, Daisuke Son, Masahiro Nochi und Ryu Takizawa. „Work-related stressors among hospital physicians: a qualitative interview study in the Tokyo metropolitan area“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 9 (September 2020): e034848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034848.
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ObjectivesWe explored Japanese physicians’ work-related stressors and identified those unique to this population, as well as clarified the influence of cultural and medical system diversity on these stressors to determine the content of future stress-reducing interventions for hospital physicians in Japan.DesignWe conducted a semistructured, face-to-face interview-based qualitative study between August and October 2017. The collected data were analysed using the grounded theory approach.SettingHospitals around the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan.ParticipantsSixteen hospital physicians (mean age (SD)=33.9 (4.2) years; 11 men, 5 women). Seven worked in internal medicine and nine in surgery.ResultsWe found unique stressors related to the Japanese medical system and culture, such as continuous all-day work after night shifts, and a hierarchical organisational system called Ikyoku. The results also indicated that Japanese physicians shared several stressors with Western physicians, such as sleep deprivation, high pressure and the limits of medicine.ConclusionsOur study clarifies some sources of work-related stressors among hospital physicians in Japan. While the key components of Western interventions might be useful in a Japanese context, the original evidence obtained from this study highlights the necessity of initiating interventions addressing the unique stressors of Japanese physicians. To reduce physicians’ stress and enhance their well-being, psychological interventions for hospital physicians must be introduced in Japan.
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Mulhern, Chieko Irie. „Japanese Harlequin Romances as Transcultural Woman's Fiction“. Journal of Asian Studies 48, Nr. 1 (Februar 1989): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057664.
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My country “is now wholly given over to a d—d mob of scribbling women,” goes one of the most frequently quoted gender-related adages. Japanologists might be tempted to attribute this uncourtly utterance to a learned nobleman of Heian Japan (794–1185) embittered by the outpouring of vernacular narratives from women's writing brushes that were eclipsing male endeavors to emulate Chinese classics, or to an exasperated modern Japanese novelist in reference to the neo-Heian phenomenon, namely, the renaissance of women's literature in postwar Japan. Actually it was Nathaniel Hawthorne (1855:141) who made the now infamous sexist remark in chagrin at American women who were churning out best-sellers in force. Thereafter, this phenomenon abated for a full century, but since the 1960s, Western women writers have made a glorious resurgence, marked by unprecedented degrees of output and worldwide market domination in a genre known as the romance fiction. The title of the first romance series and the name of its publisher, Harlequin, has become something like a generic term with multiple signification.
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Gibson, Rachel, Chung-Ho E. Lau, Ruey Leng Loo, Timothy M. D. Ebbels, Elena Chekmeneva, Alan R. Dyer, Katsuyuki Miura et al. „The association of fish consumption and its urinary metabolites with cardiovascular risk factors: the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)“. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, Nr. 2 (29.11.2019): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz293.
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ABSTRACT Background Results from observational studies regarding associations between fish (including shellfish) intake and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure (BP) and BMI, are inconsistent. Objective To investigate associations of fish consumption and associated urinary metabolites with BP and BMI in free-living populations. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP), including 4680 men and women (40–59 y) from Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and United States. Dietary intakes were assessed by four 24-h dietary recalls and BP from 8 measurements. Urinary metabolites (2 timed 24-h urinary samples) associated with fish intake acquired from NMR spectroscopy were identified. Linear models were used to estimate BP and BMI differences across categories of intake and per 2 SD higher intake of fish and its biomarkers. Results No significant associations were observed between fish intake and BP. There was a direct association with fish intake and BMI in the Japanese population sample (P trend = 0.03; fully adjusted model). In Japan, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and taurine, respectively, demonstrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.81 and 0.78 in discriminating high against low fish intake, whereas homarine (a metabolite found in shellfish muscle) demonstrated an AUC of 0.80 for high/nonshellfish intake. Direct associations were observed between urinary TMAO and BMI for all regions except Japan (P < 0.0001) and in Western populations between TMAO and BP (diastolic blood pressure: mean difference 1.28; 95% CI: 0.55, 2.02 mmHg; P = 0.0006, systolic blood pressure: mean difference 1.67; 95% CI: 0.60, 2.73 mmHg; P = 0.002). Conclusions Urinary TMAO showed a stronger association with fish intake in the Japanese compared with the Western population sample. Urinary TMAO was directly associated with BP in the Western but not the Japanese population sample. Associations between fish intake and its biomarkers and downstream associations with BP/BMI appear to be context specific. INTERMAP is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005271.
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Nikiforova, Nadezhda. „Hikifuda, or What Japanese Advertising Looked Like at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries (Collection from the Russian State Art Library)“. Oriental Courier, Nr. 1 (2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021383-9.
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Hikifuda are woodcut or lithograph prints that retailers and wholesalers, mercantile agencies, and other organizations in Japan of the Meiji era (1868–1912) used as advertising materials. The Meiji era was the period of great Japanese transformation from a medieval country into a modern power which was treated by European countries as equal. As a result, the new type of advertisement helped in spreading western ideas and lifestyles among the residents. Besides, the low price and mass production of the leaflets is another reason for their high popularity along with in whole Japan. The hikifuda handbills gave start to a new stage in the Japanese advertising industry and developed means of communication, connected Japanese traditional art with European modern trade tendencies. They have a great variety of subjects, which contain deep symbols and signs related to Japanese history and culture: traditional Japanese Ukiyo-e engravings: Women in kimono, children, the Seven Gods of Fortune Ebisu, Daikokuten, Benzaiten and others, dragons and mount Fuji and other various symbols. Besides traditional Japanese symbols, telephones, telegraph poles, mailboxes, European clothing stores, and even tobacco shops were depicted as signs of the influence of the Western lifestyle on the Japanese economy, politics, culture, and everyday life. The research is based on materials from the collection of the RSAL Iconography Department that hosts various samples of hikifuda advertising leaflets. Presumably, they were produced in the early 20th century by the Osaka printing workshop. Japanese advertising leaflets in the Russian State Art Library (RSAL) collection represent an interesting, but still poorly researched layer of urban art in Japan at the turn of the 19th—20th century.
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Zhou, Yuxuan. „On the western myth of Takarazuka fantasy: japanese women playing men and westerners on stage“. dObra[s] – revista da Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Pesquisas em Moda 38 (01.08.2023): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26563/dobras.i38.1572.
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This work investigates the female performers from Takarazuka Revue in Japan, who play the role of Westerners and men in several musicals and which challenges the traditional power orientation of Orientalism. The construction of the Western identity is analysed through the outer shell of the body, the costumes, stage props and musical plots, and the body presented on the stage with make-up and other bodily techniques. The visual elements are analysed following a semiotical approach, investigating how the layered up meanings express the romanticised Occident distant from the image of the West in today’s society. The ritualistic bodily techniques of Takarazuka performers reveal the performative nature of gender and race. While Ahmed’s phenomenological Orientalism supports the analysis of the orientation between the Occident and Orient, otokoyaku (male impersonators) and musumeyaku (female impersonators), performers and audience, presenting the dynamic power flow in the Occidentalist/Orientalist structures, hence explaining the transgender and transcultural image of the otokoyaku, and their importance in the revue’s image and, ultimately, the “hybrid” discourse it manipulates.
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Takayama, Shin, Tetsuharu Kamiya, Masashi Watanabe, Atsushi Hirano, Ayane Matsuda, Yasutake Monma, Takehiro Numata, Hiroko Kusuyama und Nobuo Yaegashi. „Report on Disaster Medical Operations with Acupuncture/Massage Therapy after the Great East Japan Earthquake“. Integrative Medicine Insights 7 (Januar 2012): IMI.S9541. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/imi.s9541.
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The Great East Japan Earthquake inflicted immense damage over a wide area of eastern Japan with the consequent tsunami. Department of Traditional Asian Medicine, Tohoku University, started providing medical assistance to the disaster-stricken regions mainly employing traditional Asian therapies. We visited seven evacuation centers in Miyagi and Fukushima Prefecture and provided acupuncture/massage therapy. While massage therapy was performed manually, filiform needles and press tack needles were used to administer acupuncture. In total, 553 people were treated (mean age, 54.0 years; 206 men, 347 women). Assessment by interview showed that the most common complaint was shoulder/back stiffness. The rate of therapy satisfaction was 92.3%. Many people answered that they experienced not only physical but also psychological relief. At the time of the disaster, acupuncture/massage therapy, which has both mental and physical soothing effects, may be a therapeutic approach that can be effectively used in combination with Western medical practices.
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Ratnasingam, Malini, und Lee Ellis. „Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries“. Journal of Media Psychology 23, Nr. 4 (Januar 2011): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000054.
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Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.
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Hashiguchi, Mariko, Yoshifumi Nakao, Atsuko Honda, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Katsuyuki Hanashima, Satoshi Nishiyama und Masatoshi Yokoyama. „What Has Changed Since the Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Testing with the Cytology-Based Cervical Cancer Screening System in Japan A Social Experiment“. Acta Cytologica 63, Nr. 5 (2019): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500190.
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Background: Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer in the world. In Japan, we have an apparently low rate of joining cervical cancer screening programs compared with Western countries. Furthermore, the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer among the younger generation has been increasing. Object: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cytology in Japan. Methods: Collaborating with Saga City government, we initiated a cervical cancer screening system consisting of HPV testing and baseline cervical cytology from April 2011 as a social experiment. A total of 17,284 participants have been screened with this new combination system. Results: After HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening, the number of screenings done in women aged under 40 years has significantly increased. In addition, the number of women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 has increased (25 of 14,025 vs. 146 of 23,049 under 50 years: p < 0.001). Conclusion: These data suggested that the introduction of HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening as an adjunct to conventional cytology resulted in better efficiency and more accurate screening among the Japanese population.
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Ishimoto, Ryu, Hirotaka Mutsuzaki, Yukiyo Shimizu, Kenichi Yoshikawa, Kazunori Koseki, Ryoko Takeuchi, Shuji Matsumoto und Yasushi Hada. „Association between Obesity and Short-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, Nr. 5 (24.02.2024): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051291.
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Background: This study investigated the association between obesity and short-term patient-reported outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The primary outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index’s (WOMAC) pain and function scores. Data were collected preoperatively and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Patients were stratified into three groups based on body mass index (BMI): normal weight (BMI < 24.99 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 29.99 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The associations between BMI and the WOMAC pain and function scores were assessed using generalized linear mixed models. Results: Among the 102 patients (median age: 75.0, women [85.3%]), 29.4%, 48.0%, and 22.5% were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The mean pain and function scores at baseline were similar across the BMI-stratified groups (p = 0.727 and 0.277, respectively). The pain score significantly improved 2 weeks post-surgery (p = 0.001). The function score improved significantly 4 weeks post-surgery (p < 0.001). The group and group-by-time interaction effects lacked statistical significance. Conclusions: All patients statistically and clinically showed relevant pain reduction and functional improvement shortly after TKA, irrespective of their obesity status. These data may help healthcare professionals discuss the expectations of pain amelioration and functional improvement with TKA candidates.
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Kurotani, Kayo, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata und Hidemi Takimoto. „Diet quality of Japanese adults with respect to age, sex, and income level in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan“. Public Health Nutrition 23, Nr. 5 (18.11.2019): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019002088.
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AbstractObjective:Although several studies in Western countries show that higher socioeconomic status is associated with higher diet quality, no study has observed this association in Japan. In the current study, we examined the association between diet quality and the combinations of age, sex, and household income, and also compared the dietary intake between diet quality levels according to household income.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan in 2014.Participants:2785 men and 3215 women.Results:Higher Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top scores (better diet quality) were observed in older women, especially those with higher household income, whereas lower scores were observed in younger men with lower household income. Those having low quality diet, especially in low income households, had higher odds of not meeting the recommended amounts of the Japanese dietary guidelines, than those having high quality diet.Conclusions:Diet quality in Japanese adults differed by age and sex as well as by household income level. A different approach to diet quality improvement is needed according to population characteristics including not only age and sex but also social economic status.
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Tsuru, Masatoshi, Tadaki Suzuki, Tomoyuki Murakami, Kumiko Matsui, Yuuji Maeda, Tomoki Yoshikawa, Takeshi Kurosu et al. „Pathological Characteristics of a Patient with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Infected with SFTS Virus through a Sick Cat’s Bite“. Viruses 13, Nr. 2 (29.01.2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020204.
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A woman in her fifties showed symptoms of fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, and general fatigue 2 days after she was bitten by a sick cat, which had later died, in Yamaguchi prefecture, western Japan, in June 2016. She subsequently died of multiorgan failure, and an autopsy was performed to determine the cause of death. However, the etiological pathogens were not quickly identified. The pathological features of the patient were retrospectively re-examined, and the pathology of the regional lymph node at the site of the cat bite was found to show necrotizing lymphadenitis with hemophagocytosis. The pathological features were noted to be similar to those of patients reported to have severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Therefore, the lymph node section was retrospectively tested immunohistochemically, revealing the presence of the SFTS virus (SFTSV) antigen. The sick cat showed similar symptoms and laboratory findings similar to those shown in human SFTS cases. The patient had no history of tick bites, and did not have skin lesions suggestive of these. She had not undertaken any outdoor activities. It is highly possible that the patient was infected with SFTSV through the sick cat’s bite. If a patient gets sick in an SFTS-endemic region after being bitten by a cat, SFTS should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Ziomek, Kirsten L. „The 1903 Human Pavilion: Colonial Realities and Subaltern Subjectivities in Twentieth-Century Japan“. Journal of Asian Studies 73, Nr. 2 (11.03.2014): 493–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814000011.
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This article discusses the 1903 Human Pavilion's Ainu Fushine Kōzō, who advanced a notion of imperial subjecthood, where one could be Ainu and a loyal subject of the Japanese empire. Fushine urged that the Ainu be treated equitably not because all races were equal, a rather modern and Western notion, but because he viewed imperial subjecthood as predicated upon military conscription and being children of the emperor. I examine the removal of the Okinawan women, Nakamura Kame and Uehara Ushi, from the display, amidst a larger debate where competing visions of imperial subjecthood and what it meant to be civilized were tied up with the charge that the pavilion was a humanitarian concern (jindō mondai). The Human Pavilion became a nexus between colonial and imperial subjects, which, rather than reifying distinctions between the two, called into question the coherence of civilizational taxonomies in Japan and the world.