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Al-Muzaini, Saleh. „Waste minimization program in Shuaiba Industrial Area“. Water Science and Technology 39, Nr. 10-11 (01.05.1999): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0669.
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The Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) is located about 50 km south of Kuwait City. It accommodates most of the large-scale industries in Kuwait. The total area of the SIA (both eastern and western sectors) is about 22.98 million m2. Fifteen plants are located in the eastern sector and 23 in the western sector, including two petrochemical companies, three refineries, two power plants, a melamine company, an industrial gas corporation, a paper products company and, two steam electricity generating stations, in addition to several other industries. Therefore, only 30 percent of the land in the SIA's eastern sector and 70 percent of land in the SIA's western sector is available for future expansion. Presently, industries in the SIA generate approximately 204,000 t of solid waste. With future development in the industries in the SIA, the estimated quantities will reach 240,000 t. The Shuaiba Area Authority (SAA), a governmental regulatory body responsible for planning and development in the SIA, has recognized the problem of solid waste and has developed an industrial waste minimization program. This program would help to reduce the quantity of waste generated within the SIA and thereby reduce the cost of waste management. This paper presents a description of the waste minimization program and how it is to be implemented by major petroleum companies. The protocols employed in the waste minimization program are detailed.
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Jalal, Siti Salimah, Suaniza Mamat, Zamzulalila Zakaria und Mohamad Hafiz Rosli. „The Benefits of Implementing Lean Six Sigma in a Malaysian Plantation Company“. Jurnal Intelek 17, Nr. 2 (01.08.2022): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ji.v17i2.18182.
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Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a method focused on continuous improvement of quality, elimination of waste and minimization of defects in an organization. LSS has been tremendously applied in Multinational corporations (MNC) for cost savings and benefits. Many LSS studies have been done in western countries and a few studies have been found in developing countries, particularly in plantation industries. This study aims to explore the benefits of implementation of LSS in one of the Malaysia MNC in plantation industries. Overall, this study contributes to the benefits of implementing LSS, particularly in plantation MNC in developing countries.
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Kou, Yuanyuan, Huiying Chen, Kai Liu, Yanping Zhou und Huajie Xu. „Path Optimization of Technological Innovation Efficiency Improvement in China’s High-Tech Industries Based on QCA and GA-PSO-BP Neural Network“. Systems 11, Nr. 5 (07.05.2023): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11050233.
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Innovation is the main driving force to promote national technological progress. It is of great significance to explore the optimal path to improve innovation efficiency by using the qualitative method and neural network prediction model to promote the high-quality development of the national economy. This study focuses on high-tech industries in the eastern, central and western regions of China; a factor-dependent research framework for innovation efficiency improvement in high-tech industries is constructed in China. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method (QCA) is used to explore multiple paths to enhance the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries. Then, a GA-PSO-BP neural network is used to construct an optimization model for the enhancement path of technological innovation efficiency, which clarifies the optimal path for the enhancement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Finally, innovation management strategies for high-tech industries are presented with regional features. The study finds that none of the individual conditions are necessary to promote the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries, and only the linkage effect of the factors can achieve the goal of improving the innovation efficiency level of China’s high-tech industries. There are four configuration paths to improve the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries, which are: “Multinational company (MNC) innovation—economic development—government support”; “MNC innovation—government support”; “economic development—government support”; and “economic development”. The characteristics of regional heterogeneity make differences in the optimal paths of innovation efficiency improvement in high-tech industries in eastern, central and western regions of China.
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DuBois, Thomas David. „Milk From the Butterfly Spring: State and Enterprise in the Yunnan Dairy Industry“. Rural China 17, Nr. 1 (12.05.2020): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01701005.
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Founded in 1959, the Dengchuan Milk Products Factory was both an individuated enterprise and an asset in the development of western Yunnan. This article examines the six-decade transformation of Dengchuan from state-owned industry, to officially promoted dragon head, and finally as a wholly owned subsidiary of the New Hope Group. Even as the company enjoyed greater managerial independence, it has relied on the government for materials, market access, and the development of its dairy base, a relationship that only recently reversed as the company responded to demands for capital investment and productive upscaling. Albeit on a much smaller scale, this relationship is comparable to the business groups that dominate sectoral development in strategic industries.
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White, Neil. „Creating Community: Industrial Paternalism and Town Planning in Corner Brook, Newfoundland, 1923–1955“. Articles 32, Nr. 2 (24.05.2013): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015716ar.
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In the early twentieth century numerous primary extractive industries constructed company towns on the resource frontiers of North America. Company directors hoped that massive capital infusion in remote areas in the form of planned towns would secure a much-needed skilled workforce and generally increase returns. The pulp and paper town of Corner Brook in western Newfoundland is a significant, but largely neglected case in point. This paper details the paternalist and utilitarian motivations of companies for single-industry community construction at this time. More importantly, however, it offers a new and critical approach to the issue of single-industry community development. Early multinational companies sought to secure a place "on the ground" through comprehensive planning and community administration. At the same time, residents of Corner Brook, though constrained by dependence on the sole industry, negotiated their own physically and socially distinct community in a variety of ways. The global-local nexus of company planning, resident response, and change introduces a complexity into the study of company towns that are generally portrayed in terms of rigid top-down company exploitation of a "captive" workforce.
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Kirby, William C. „China Unincorporated: Company Law and Business Enterprise in Twentieth-Century China“. Journal of Asian Studies 54, Nr. 1 (Februar 1995): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058950.
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On April 22, 1903, the qing court ordered zai-zhen, a Manchu prince; Yuan Shikai, the most powerful Chinese Governor-General of the realm; and Dr. Wu Tingfang, the former Chinese minister to the United States, to compile a commercial code. The edict charging them with this responsibility noted that “of the many government functions, the most important is to facilitate commerce and help industries” (Li 1974a:210). On January 21, 1904, the newly created Ministry of Commerce (Shangbu) issued China's first Company Law (Gongsilü)The Company Law was the first modern law drafted by the Imperial Law Codification Commission, whose work was part of the Qing government's reformist “new policies” in the wake of China's recent humiliations at the hands of Japan and the Western powers. In giving highest priority to enacting a law governing the organization of commercial companies, the Qing government had several interlocking objectives.
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Sui, Jiani. „Marketing Localization of IKEA in China - Lessons for Western Multinationals“. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 63, Nr. 1 (28.12.2023): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/63/20231418.
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The rate of failure of western multinationals in China in consumer industries is very high. IKEA is a classic case of a western multinational that started off with many problems and yet, persisted, adapted and succeeded in the market in China. The level of market orientation which has been deployed by the company is very high. This has been made possible through a long-term view of the market, which was not sophisticated. It had to engage in educating consumers, reposition itself and engage in organic knowledge development, while adopting a long-term view of the market. When it comes to western multinationals, the case study of IKEA shows that they must be prepared to reposition themselves, must develop value propositions that are suitable for the market and implement strategies which will actually work in the foreign market, rather than standardization in a rigid manner, that will surely result in failure. The regional differences within China must also be considered seriously and western multinationals must be prepared to engage in hyper-localization in some elements of the marketing mix.
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Korsan-Kumińska, Karolina. „Assessing the impact of global warming on the sport, tourism, and recreation industries in western Norway“. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 14, Nr. 3 (30.09.2016): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2016.14.3.08.
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Sport, tourism, and recreation, like many other areas of life, are influenced by environmental factors, including climate. Climate is one of the major factors determining the living conditions on our planet, which determine the functioning and behavior of all organisms. Therefore, this poses the question: Are global climate changes seen by ordinary people? If so, how are they seen and how do they affect the various domains of life, in particular, sport, tourism, and recreation? The aim of the pilot research was to determine the impact of global climate changes (observed in the public media as well as being in the public consciousness) in the area of western Norway (WN) on sport, tourism, and recreation. Pilot research was conducted in the summer and autumn of 2015 using a diagnostic survey on the internet. The research tool was a questionnaire survey. Respondents came from two groups: 61 employees and entrepreneurs in the industries of sport, tourism, and recreation in WN and 32 people either actively partaking in sport and recreational activities or visiting the region as tourists. Interviewees noted that climate changes have already occurred in the nature of western Norway. However most of them are not prepared for these changes even though they believe that the majority of the changes will only grow and intensify. For example, some of the researched companies have already been forced to take certain steps in relation to the companies functioning e.g., company reorganizations. The expected transformation in nature caused by global climate changes are changing the behavior of athletes, tourists, residents, representatives of the authorities, and economic entrepreneurs who make their living from tourism, recreation, and sport. In the future, Norway may turn out to be no longer as attractive as it is now for these people.
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Vuković, Bojana, Teodora Tica und Dejan Jakšić. „Firm value determinants: Panel evidence from European listed companies“. Strategic Management, Nr. 00 (2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/straman2300052v.
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Background: To manage growth opportunities effectively and to make a significant impact on superior long-term performance, it is necessary to analyze firm value and diagnose its determinants. Increasing profit, providing prosperity to the company's stakeholders, and improving company value are the goals of every company's business. Purpose: The paper aims to build a model of the company's optimal value by assessing company performance based on financial statement analysis of European companies over the period 2015-2020. Study design/methodology/approach: The impact of financial indicators such as financial leverage, profitability, size, liquidity, growth, and asset tangibility on company value was thoroughly considered. The empirical research was founded on a sample of 158 Eastern and Western European companies, generating 948 observations. Panel regression analysis was conducted. Findings/conclusions: The obtained results revealed that debt-to-assets ratio, return on equity, and assets tangibility have a significant adverse effect on company value, whereas the return on assets and firm size have a significant favorable effect. The obtained conclusions should serve as a beneficial tool for the strategy of reaching the targeted market company's value and ensuring the company's future viability by the market. Hence, stakeholders could assess the perspective of the future company's development and strengthen the importance and influence of financial variables on the company's value. Limitations/future research: The research limitations, which are also opportunities for future research, are aimed at the investigation of company value indicators at the level of individual European economies or industries. One should look at the company's value factors before and after the Covid-19 pandemic and consider a longer time in the company's business. Other financial determinants that affect the value of the company could be considered, and the company value could be measured by some other indicators. Also, the influence of non-financial determinants on the company value could be researched.
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Li, Xiangfei, Mohamed H. Nour, Daniel W. Smith, Ellie E. Prepas, Gordon Putz und Brett M. Watson. „Incorporating water quantity and quality modelling into forest management“. Forestry Chronicle 84, Nr. 3 (01.06.2008): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84338-3.
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Under the authority of the Millar Western Forest Products Ltd. (MWFP) Forest Management Agreement, the company has the right to harvest trees, grow trees, manage the forest and plan activities that assure forest productivity and industry profitability without jeopardizing the quality of the environment. Thus, as part of obtaining provincial government approval, the company has to submit a Detailed Forest Management Plan that includes a comprehensive assessment of the environmental implications of forestry operations and the mitigation of impacts. Forest management planning for environmental sustainability will become more and more difficult with increased land use pressures from other industries, agriculture and recreation. Therefore, the planning process will require increasingly more sophisticated modelling tools to identify and avoid significant impacts. The Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance (FORWARD) project proposes a hybrid modelling tool that relies on inexpensive remote sensing data, with few ground truthing requirements, to model streamflow, suspended solids and nutrients in streams on the Boreal Plain. Incorporating modelling tools into the MWFP planning process provides MWFP additional strategies to operate in an environmentally sensitive manner. Thus, the company can maintain an allowable cut, while ensuring that ecological and physical values are considered. Key words: forest management and planning, modelling, artificial neural networks, SWAT, remote sensing, MODIS, GIS
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Song, Ho Keun. „The Birth of a Welfare State in Korea: The Unfinished Symphony of Democratization and Globalization“. Journal of East Asian Studies 3, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2003): 405–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800001582.
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Globalization pressured a rebirth of the state in Korea, but in an unexpected direction. Whereas the welfare state retrenched in Western Europe under pressures of the borderless global economy, the Korean state reinvented itself into the guardian of public welfare. That regime shift occurred when the “Asian crisis” struck in 1997 to end the developmental state's way of growth. Previously, the state channeled subsidized bank loans to the chaebol firms (monopolistic conglomerates in strategic industries) and the chaebol company welfare to its workforce in order to secure industrial peace in strategic growth sectors. This de facto class bargain, partly forced by the developmental state and chaebol firms and partly prodded by organized labor, crumbled with the Asian crisis. No longer too big to fail, the chaebol firms plunged into downsizing and restructuring in order to raise profitability, thus precipitating a profound social crisis. The rules and norms of lifetime employment and promotion by seniority gestated during Park Chung Hee's authoritarian rule (1961–1979), and labor's acquiescence—if not consent—to the chaebol-led hypergrowth strategy collapsed as the crisis damaged a third of Korea's top thirty business conglomerates in 1997 and 1998.
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Grover, Gitte, und Willi Fast. „Alberta making strides in mixedwood management“. Forestry Chronicle 83, Nr. 5 (01.09.2007): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83714-5.
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Driven by issues of economics, productivity, biodiversity and climate change, mixedwood management is becoming increasingly attractive. For silviculture to embrace and capitalize on natural stand dynamics, complex processes and interactions must be understood. To facilitate focused, applied research, ten Alberta forest companies have joined forces to cooperatively advance the science and management of boreal aspen/white spruce mixedwood forests. Members of the Mixedwood Management Association have committed collective research funds to develop and test practices that will sustain fibre supply, biodiversity, social and ecological values in Alberta's mixedwood forests. Forest industry members include Ainsworth Engineered Canada LP., Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc., Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Daishowa-Marubeni International Ltd., Footner Forest Products Ltd., Millar Western Forest Products Ltd., Tolko Industries Ltd., Slave Lake Pulp/Alberta Plywood Ltd., Vanderwell Contractors (1971) Ltd. and Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. The Alberta government and the University of Alberta are supporting partners in the Association. The Association's goals are to increase knowledge of aspen/white spruce mixed forests in the areas of growth and yield, crop planning, monitoring, understory protection and decision support tools. This paper highlights some of the Association-sponsored research projects. Key words: Alberta, Mixedwood Management Association, research, growth and yield, crop plans
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Zhou, Bing, Jing Wu, Sidai Guo, Mingxia Hu und Jing Wang. „Environmental regulation and financial performance of Chinese listed companies“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 12 (28.12.2020): e0244083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244083.
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Objective The answer to this article lies in: Does the financial activities of physical enterprises have an adverse impact on their main business? Is it conducive to the sustainable development of the national economy? However, when most scholars study the impact of environmental regulations on companies performance, they have not classified companies performance. This article will study the relationship between environmental regulations and performance levels based on the classification of companies performance, and then divide the nature of industry pollution, companies location and nature of property for in-depth research. Methods First, this article uses a random effect variable-intercept model to measure companies financial performance and non-financial performance. Then, the variables are divided into two variable groups: light pollution and heavy pollution according to the nature of industry pollution. Next, the companies are divided into three variable groups: the eastern region, the central region, and the western region. Finally, the company is divided into two variable groups: state-owned and non-state-owned according to the nature of property. Conclusions The study found that: (1) Environmental regulations have inhibited companies financial activities. And the inhibitory effect of environmental regulations on the financial performance of enterprises is more obvious in the heavily polluting industries and enterprises in central and eastern regions. (2) Environmental regulations and companies non-financial performance are also negatively related, environmental regulations have also inhibited the non-financial performance of companies, this effect is more pronounced in heavily polluting industries and enterprises in western regions. (3) Income crowding effect brought by China's environmental regulations is greater than the income compensation effect brought by stimulating technological innovation.
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Hornungová, Jana, und František Milichovský. „Agricultural Sector Performance Evaluation in Terms of Financial Indicators: A Comparison of Czech Republic, Slovakia and Western Balkan States“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, Nr. 2 (2018): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866020497.
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Agriculture and food industry have become part of strategic areas for each country and each region of Europe. Important condition on companies in group A (according NACE classification) is fulfilling requirements of management in performance of financial area. Traditional financial indicators (calculated from accounting data) are still used to evaluate performance level, what have been considered to be the most appropriate approach over a long period of time in spite of different accounting and financial indicators. The main objective is to find crucial factors in the field of financial performance for agriculture companies in chosen region. Data from 10438 agricultural companies have been get from Amadeus database and analysed. For purpose of the paper there were used factor analysis, Pearson chi-square test for independence, and correspondence analysis. By application of factor analysis has reduced the basic set, originally formed by seven key financial indicators, into seven indexes according analysed countries. All observed factors were put into Pearson’s chi-square test to indicate the dependency between indexes and (1) company size and (2) NACE classification. Finally, there was applied correspondence analysis, by which were found out clusters of countries, industries and size.
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Dinets, Daria, und Albert Dzhavrshian. „International transport corridors and transborder movement of fictitious capital“. MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823903013.
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The paper is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of international transport corridors as a provider of ideas and instruments of liberalization aimed at assigning transport infrastructure to transnational corporations under the auspices of the development of integration processes and their transport service. To achieve the goal of the study, the authors analyzed a wide range of theoretical and empirical data illustrating the claims of Western and, most recently, Eastern multinational corporations on the sovereignty of Russian infrastructure industries. If international transport corridors include transit through Russia, then participation in them takes the form of export of transport services. At the same time, if investments in infrastructure development are foreign, then the type of income for such operations can be considered as a land rent, since the benefits depend only on the ownership of large or small land plots. The article shows the logical transition from this conclusion to the conclusion about the formation of fictitious capital of Russian infrastructure industries as a result of their inclusion in the activities of international transport corridors. The second hypothesis, which is need to be proved or disproved, is the negative role of UTLC (United Transport and Logistics Company) in achieving rational and fair management of container transportations within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Summarizing the two lines of the study, the authors concluded that there are risks for national capital and qualitative indicators of the development of infrastructure industries as a result of the active development of international transport corridors.
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Meghrajani, Indra, und Sweety Shah. „Product extension or channel extension – a case of Cronos Industries Pvt Ltd.“ Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, Nr. 4 (16.12.2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2021-0350.
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Learning outcomes The primary learning objectives of the case are described below:1) Understanding the start-up market segment for an innovative product.2) Analyse the market expansion and diversification strategies of a start-up.3) Evaluate the business expansion through introduction of new product variants or through envisaging new distribution channels. Case overview/synopsis Cronos Ltd. was Iyer's first business endeavour after completing his Master of Business Administration (MBA). Iyer had aspired to be an entrepreneur since he was a youngster. In 2015, a first-generation entrepreneur with full conviction, he entered a market that was tough for a novice to access. Despite several challenges and uncertainties, he persisted and ventured into the company on the edge of extinction with a concept for affordable sanitiser sachets. Strong willpower, but no background, guidance or finances have made him struggle at each stage of his journey. He made this possible as he had understood the need for a specific lower-income segment of customers who could afford to buy the sanitiser sachets for as low as INR1 ($0.013). Until 2021 he was selling through the GT channel in central and western regions of India. He had planned for product extension by introducing three new products in the FMCG sector with manageable finance needs. Meanwhile, he had gotten an offer to enter into the MT channel to compete with big brands in the Gujarat region. Iyer needed substantial funds to expand his business in the MT channel and had to offer equity partnership to the investor, who would invest in the business. Complexity academic level Graduate and post-graduate in the topics of segmentations and market expansion in the marketing management subject. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.
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Naeem, Muhammad, Abdul Rehman, Asim Mehboob und Ahmad Shah Abdali. „Corporate Social Responsibility’s Hidden Power in context of Pakistan: Amplifying Firm Performance“. Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business 10, Nr. 2 (10.05.2024): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sijmb.v10i2.1383.
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This research explores the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the performance of firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange in the cement and sugar industries. This link is examined using panel data derived from financial reports from 2013 to 2022. The study includes generally used performance indicators, such as Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Earnings per Share, by previous literature. The corporate social responsibility data is generated from information released by firms about philanthropic activities, contributions, and R&D projects. The study also takes into account other financial and control variables such as firm size, firm age, and leverage. The random sampling approach is used to create a sample of 28 non-financial listed organizations. Several statistical tests are used in the study, including panel data technology, correlation, random effect, and fixed effect models. According to the findings of this study, corporate social responsibility has a favorable impact on company performance. These findings are consistent with previous research done in developing nations and are relevant for Pakistani businesses, which operate in different economic environments than their Western counterparts. This study provides significant insights for organizations and regulatory agencies. Furthermore, the paper makes suggestions for future research, such as the assessment of context variables such as ownership structure, the consideration of other periods, and the investigation of other industrial sectors.
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Alizadeh, Amin. „The Drivers and Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparison of the MENA Region and Western Countries“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 2 (14.01.2022): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020909.
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(1) Although numerous articles have been published to address the drivers or barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR), some parts of the world have received less attention. In this study, I reviewed the literature from 2010 to 2021 to identify drivers and barriers of CSR in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and compare them with the findings in Western countries. (2) Methods: For this study, I used a structured literature review method. By setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 28 articles remained from the selected database. (3) Results: The findings revealed that some CSR drivers, such as leadership styles, profitability, reputation, moral commitment, and environmental conservation, are common in both regions. There are also some differences between CSR drivers, for example, religious beliefs, low concentration of ownership, and company characteristics are some of the drivers in the MENA region. Maintaining social license to operate, and avoiding the risks of community opposition, pressure from the government, and consumer demand tend to be more important in Western countries. Common barriers in both regions are lack of financial resources, cost, lack of CSR knowledge and awareness, and ownership concentration. This review also highlighted that lack of law enforcement, lack of stakeholder communication, lack of management commitment, lack of interests, corruption, and financial debts are some of the barriers of CSR addressed in the MENA region, whereas cost/benefit ratio, lack of customer interest, and lack of scientific frameworks are special barriers in Western countries. (4) Conclusions: Although researchers in Western countries have more focus on the energy sector, there is a lack of research about the drivers and barriers of CSR in the MENA region in several industries, including oil and gas.
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Endrawati, Firman Surya und Widio Putra Perta R. „Perancangan Sistem Akuntansi Persediaan Dan Kartu Gudang Berbasis Komputer Pada Konveksi Tas“. Akuntansi dan Manajemen 10, Nr. 2 (01.12.2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jam.v10i2.102.
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Bag is one of commodities produced by local industries in Indonesia in general, and in particular western Sumatra. However, the company, has several weaknesses related to the management and recording of inventory such as the lack of segregation of duties and responsibilities by each section, management procedures and record-keeping supplies inadequate and the lack of documents and records that support the transactions related to inventory , This research aims to design a card inventory accounting system and computer-based warehouse that will be applied to the sales system, purchasing system and system of material usage to fit the elements contained in the internal control system. Based on research that has been done, then the inventory accounting system designed in accordance with the elements contained in the internal control systems and computer-based warehouse cards are useful for recording the transfer of inventory stored in warehouse. Besides being able to produce information that is far more accurate than manual recording, computer-based warehouse card is also used in the savings and effectiveness of the use of the document processing time.
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Uctu, Ramazan, und Rachel Jafta. „Spinning-off or Licensing?“ Industry and Higher Education 28, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2014.0195.
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Different mechanisms are available when universities embark on technology transfer to the private sector. This paper focuses on the option of intellectual property licensing of technologies. In particular, the authors examine why academics who are in a position to create a spin-off opt for licensing, in the context of the universities' rationale for technology transfer, the nature and performance of their technology transfer institutions and the motivations behind the academics' decisions. The case study focuses on South Africa's two oldest and premier research-led universities, based in the Western Cape region. The results show that technologies originated mainly from the engineering and health sciences and the biotechnology industries; technologies were created through collaboration among researchers; they were mainly patented worldwide; and the researchers chose to license the technology in order to convert their knowledge into practical applications, to use existing knowledge fully and to make a financial profit. The most important factors influencing the decision of an inventor/researcher not to create a spin-off company were funding, commercialization and distribution.
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Kraus, Sascha, Thomas Clauss, Matthias Breier, Johanna Gast, Alessandro Zardini und Victor Tiberius. „The economics of COVID-19: initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis“. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, Nr. 5 (23.05.2020): 1067–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2020-0214.
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PurposeWithin a very short period of time, the worldwide pandemic triggered by the novel coronavirus has not only claimed numerous lives but also caused severe limitations to daily private as well as business life. Just about every company has been affected in one way or another. This first empirical study on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on family firms allows initial conclusions to be drawn about family firm crisis management.Design/methodology/approachExploratory qualitative research design based on 27 semi-structured interviews with key informants of family firms of all sizes in five Western European countries that are in different stages of the crisis.FindingsThe COVID-19 crisis represents a new type and quality of challenge for companies. These companies are applying measures that can be assigned to three different strategies to adapt to the crisis in the short term and emerge from it stronger in the long run. Our findings show how companies in all industries and of all sizes adapt their business models to changing environmental conditions within a short period of time. Finally, the findings also show that the crisis is bringing about a significant yet unintended cultural change. On the one hand, a stronger solidarity and cohesion within the company was observed, while on the other hand, the crisis has led to a tentative digitalization.Originality/valueTo the knowledge of the authors, this is the first empirical study in the management realm on the impacts of COVID-19 on (family) firms. It provides cross-national evidence of family firms' current reactions to the crisis.
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Bren, Frank. „Connections and Crossovers: Cinema and Theatre in Hong Kong“. New Theatre Quarterly 14, Nr. 53 (Februar 1998): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0001174x.
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From the run-up to its return to Chinese rule in July 1997 to the stock-market crash in October, Hong Kong has seldom been out of the news during the past year. But the attention paid to its political and economic provenance has not been matched by much interest in its cultural output – despite the existence in Hong Kong of a cinema industry with a prodigious output now approaching ten thousand films. Although a professional theatre has been a relatively more recent development, the connections between film and theatre in Hong Kong have always been close – from the film adaptations of Cantonese opera in the 1930s, through the ‘female’ films of the post-war period and the western following for Bruce Lee's kung fu movies, to the present dominance of the cross-generic production company, Springtime, in the 1990s, with a creative interest in its own past which verges on the metatheatrical. Frank Bren, who is presently living and working in Hong Kong, here captures something of the history and the distinctive flavour of the overlapping movie and theatre industries, and assesses why the relationship remains mutually profitable in artistic as well as economic terms.
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Dawid, Garstecki, Kowalczyk Magdalena und Kwiecińska Karolina. „CSR Practices in Polish and Spanish Stock Listed Companies: A Comparative Analysis“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 4 (18.02.2019): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041054.
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In recent years, many studies have been carried out on corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting by enterprises. However, none of the previous surveys have covered CSR reporting in countries in Western Europe (Spain) and Central Europe (Poland). In our research, we looked for answers to two research questions. The first was aimed at answering whether the industry represented by a given company influenced the number of disclosures in CSR reporting. The second question was to answer whether there were differences between Poland and Spain in the amount of disclosure in CSR reporting. We carried out a statistical analysis of the collected research material, under which we performed non-parametric tests as all of the variables for the distribution were not normal (Shapiro–Wilk test). We performed both the U Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests, which allowed us to answer our questions. The obtained results indicated that enterprises from the fuel and energy sectors as well as the financial industry provided more CSR disclosure than the other industries. There was a significant difference in the number of CSR disclosures between Poland and Spain, where more disclosures in CSR reporting were recorded in Spain.
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Mahjudin Mahjudin, Zainul Wasik und Kuncoro Catur Nugroho. „How Family Firms In Indonesia Re-Initiate Strategies During Covid 19 Pandemies : Empirical Initial Evidence From 5 Provinces In Java Island“. Journal of Managerial Sciences and Studies 1, Nr. 1 (26.06.2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61160/jomss.v1i1.1.
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Purpose – Within a very short period of time, the worldwide pandemic triggered by the novel coronavirus has not only claimed numerous lives but also caused severe limitations to daily private as well as business life. Just about every company has been affected in one way or another. This first empirical study on the
effects of the COVID-19 crisis on family firms allows initial conclusions to be drawn about family firm crisis management.
Design/methodology/approach - Exploratory qualitative research design based on 27 semi-structured interviews with key informants of family firms of all sizes in five Western European countries that are in different stages of the crisis.
Findings – The COVID-19 crisis represents a new type and quality of challenge for companies. These companies are applying measures that can be assigned to three different strategies to adapt to the crisis in the short term and emerge from it stronger in the long run. Our findings show how companies in all industries and of all sizes adapt their business models to changing environmental conditions within a short period of time.
Finally, the findings also show that the crisis is bringing about a significant yet unintended cultural change. On the one hand, a stronger solidarity and cohesion within the company was observed, while on the other hand, the crisis has led to a tentative digitalization.
Originality/value – To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first empirical study in the management realm on the impacts of COVID-19 on (family) firms. It provides cross-national evidence of family firms’ current reactions to the crisis.
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Baso, Suandar, M. Musrina und Andi Dian Eka Anggriani. „Strategy for Improving the Competitiveness of Shipyards in the Eastern Part of Indonesia“. Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 17, Nr. 2 (17.06.2020): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v17i2.29448.
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In recent years, the number of shipyards in Indonesia has increased significantly to anticipate the increasing demand and the government policy regarding the Cabotage Principles and Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development (MAEIED), and three Archipelagic Sea-Lanes (ASL’s) in Indonesia. However, shipbuilding and ship repair works have been centered in the western part of Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to develop a potential strategy of shipyards in the eastern part of Indonesia to compete in the current market situation. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to model the strategy hierarchy and analyze the weight of sub-criteria as the internal and external factors of the shipyard competitiveness. Then, the Blue Ocean Strategy method was used to analyze the competitiveness strategy. To improve competitiveness, the shipbuilding industries in the eastern part of Indonesia have to focus intensively on reforming and upgrading several internal environment factors such as coordination and response, business network, high skill manpower, and complex ship types building ability. Besides, the shipyards also have to focus on external environmental factors, particularly on five factors that have a high influence on improving competitiveness, namely shipping company partners, networks and partnership with suppliers, government policies, human resource development, and cluster formation of shipyards.
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Petrov, Victor. „The Rose and the Lotus: Bulgarian Electronic Entanglements in India, 1967–89“. Journal of Contemporary History 54, Nr. 3 (28.08.2018): 666–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418773475.
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This article examines Bulgaria's electronic trade with India between 1967 and 1990. The developing world became a formative learning experience for the computer industry, as it came up against both a highly protectionist state trying to foster its own industry, and competition from Western companies playing to different rules than COMECON rivals. In order to gain a place in this lucrative market, Bulgarian computer enterprises developed their technical services, advertising and negotiating capacities, learning how to be capitalists in a socialist world. This ‘learning through competition and copying’ was a feedback channel that changed the way that the company operated in other parts of the world, diversifying its marketing and user services within the socialist world too, standing out from the other socialist industries. As such, this global operation was a formative experience for many executives and technicians, making them a group that was plugged into international expertise networks. Thus the computer became a channel for being part of the emerging information economy, and the Global South became a place to meet the First World without restriction. The article thus shows India's importance to Bulgaria as a space to learn from and profit in, rather than an object of socialist development.
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Golaszewski, Thomas, Donald Barr und Sandra Cochran. „An Organization-Based Intervention to Improve Support for Employee Heart Health“. American Journal of Health Promotion 13, Nr. 1 (September 1998): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-13.1.26.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a management training seminar, developed through a partnership among a college, a managed care company, and a state public health department, to increase the level of organizational support for employee heart health in selected companies. Design. Quasiexperimental. Setting. Worksites, including heavy and light industries, school districts, insurance companies, county health agencies, and health care centers. Subjects. Twenty western New York companies matched on size, industry type, and interest in worksite health promotion. Intervention. Seven training seminars held at a college for 1 year and directed primarily at human resource managers. Training was supplemented by the availability of student interns, faculty consulting, a vendors' fair, and various program planning aids. Measures. Groups were assessed using HeartCheck, a measure of organizational support for employee heart health. Results. A fourfold difference in change for HeartCheck was observed by the experimental vs. comparison groups (p < .01), along with significantly greater increases on five of the instrument's six subscales (p < .05). The level of HeartCheck reached in the experimental group matched those seen in highly acclaimed commercially sponsored programs. Conclusion. This study represents one of the first attempts to intervene at the organizational level within a worksite health promotion initiative. Positive results were observed that appear to be both meaningful and cost-effective.
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Zheng, Yi, und Min Luo. „Enhancing Operating Efficiency in China’s High-End Equipment Manufacturing Industry: Insights from Listed Enterprises“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 11 (27.05.2023): 8694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118694.
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The high-end equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic sector for China’s manufacturing transformation and upgrading. However, this industry is facing a series of challenges, such as insufficient innovation capabilities and poor business operations. This paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model to calculate the operating efficiency of listed companies in this industry from a micro perspective and conducts in-depth multi-angle analysis of their operating efficiency. Furthermore, Tobit regression is utilized to identify the factors that affect operating efficiency. The aim is to provide a pathway for companies in this industry to achieve efficiency maximization and sustainable development. The research shows that the average operating efficiency of high-end equipment manufacturing companies was around 0.7 from 2016 to 2021, and nearly 70% of companies were in a non-DEA efficient state. The operating efficiency of the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry is far higher than other industries, and the western region has great development potential. In addition to government subsidies, factors such as company age, equity concentration, regional GDP, and regional openness all have a positive impact on the operational efficiency of high-end equipment manufacturing companies. This paper combines the characteristics of the equipment manufacturing industry and analyzes their operating efficiency from multiple dimensions, providing decision support and pathways for the high-quality and efficient development of this industry.
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Wang, Zheng, und Guiping Lin. „A new business model to Chinese style agricultural industrialization“. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, Nr. 8 (17.10.2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211312956.
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Subject area Start-ups in emerging markets, entrepreneurship, business models and strategy. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for MBA and EMBA graduate and undergraduate students in strategic management, finance and the relevant areas. Case overview This case provides a real-life entrepreneurial situation in agricultural industry in China. The protagonist of the case is the founder and CEO of the start-up Harvest Agricultural Technology and Development Company Limited (Harvest). From his perspective, the case depicts the current business environment for private companies in China, and presents the opportunities and challenges a new start-up faces in this environment. Agricultural industry plays an important role in the Chinese economy. Especially because in China land is owned by the state or collective, agricultural industrialization has more significance and experiences greater difficulties. The company in the case explores the situation of integrating the different stakeholders of agricultural production and delivery given the current political and economic environment. The case describes the characteristics and quality that a typical Chinese entrepreneur has and questions why such factors matter so much in China. The case emphasizes the strategic planning process of Harvest and its unprecedented business model design. The case also touches upon the growth pattern of entrepreneurial companies in China. All the above issues deserve discussion and in-depth analysis. Expected learning outcomes After studying this case, students should be able to: describe the business environment in China and identify the stakeholders of the agricultural industry in China; describe the process and value chain of agriculture production and delivery by adopting management models if necessary; discuss the personality and quality of the founder and CEO and compare his characteristics with that of western entrepreneurs and analyse why these characteristics are helpful (or detrimental) to the start-up company; analyse the development of business model designs, and identify the merits, drawbacks and risks of each version of business model; analyse the competitive advantages of Harvest, and identify the key resources and capacities with management models if necessary; discuss different possibilities of Harvest's future with evidence and process analysis; discuss whether the business model and the development strategy of Harvest are applicable to other companies or industries; discuss how setting the goal of going public on the first day Harvest was founded will affect the development of the company; and compare the business models of Harvest with other companies serving as a platform in a different industry (i.e. Taobao marketplace). Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Thamwattana, Natalie, Michael Meylan und Anthony John Roberts. „Proceedings of the 2020 Mathematics in Industry Study Group“. ANZIAM Journal 62 (06.12.2022): M89—M111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v62.17406.
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MISG 2020
University of Newcastle, Australia
28 January -- 1 February, 2020
This special Section of the ANZIAM Journal (Electronic Supplement) contains the refereed papers from the 2020 Mathematics and Statistics in Industry Study Group (MISG 2020) held at the University of Newcastle from 28 January -- 1 February 2020. The MISG is a special interest meeting of ANZIAM, the Australia and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ANZIAM) division of the Australian Mathematics Society. The MISG meetings take place annually and provide a forum where projects proposed by industry can be worked on intensively, by high profile scientists in the fields of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, from Australia, New Zealand and the world beyond, along with representatives from the industries proposing the projects.
The writing of these papers was coordinated by the project moderators in consultation with the coauthors and company representatives. The manuscripts were submitted to the editors, Associate Professor Mike Meylan, Professor Ngamta Thamwattana and Professor Tony Roberts, and were subsequently refereed by two expert referees. On the advice of the referees, manuscripts were accepted for publication, subject to the recommended revisions, and formally approved by the editorial committee.
At MISG 2020, six projects were presented from diverse industries, with 78 delegates participating.
Industry Partners
We gratefully acknowledge the support of our industry partners:
Lovells Springs;
Safearth;
Concrush;
Hyper Q Aerospace.
Acknowledgements
In addition to our industry partners, we gratefully acknowledge support from the following organisations:
ANZIAM;
Office of the NSW Chief Scientist \& Engineer, Department of Industry, NSW Government;
Priority Research Centre: Computer Assisted Research Mathematics and its Applications, The University of Newcastle;
Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle.
We are also grateful to Professor Ryan Loxton from the Centre for Optimisation and Decision Science, Curtin University, for giving a public lecture on power of optimisation research in mining, energy, and agriculture industries, as part of the MISG's outreach event and acknowledge the support from the Hunter Branch of the Royal Society of NSW in promoting the public lecture. We are also grateful to Professor Mark McGuinness (Victoria University of Wellington), Professor Troy Farrell (Queensland University of Technology), Associate Professor Amie Albrecht (University of South Australia) and Dr Neville Fowkes (University of Western Australia) for their helpful advice and comments in organising the MISG 2020.
MISG2020 Organising Committee
Professor Ngamta Thamwattana (Co-Director)
Associate Professor Mike Meylan (Co-Director)
Mrs Juliane Turner (Administrative Support)
Dr David Allingham (Technical Support)
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Kainova, Anastasia V., und Vera O. Volkova. „Modern Tendencies of Knowledge Management (Knowledge Engineering)“. IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, Nr. 2 (218) (23.06.2023): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-2-20-31.
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Knowledge management today is a promising area of research, since, as an independent disci-pline, in fact, it appeared in Russia and began to develop from the second half of the 2010s. The initial data for Russian researchers were foreign materials and publications, since in the West knowledge management emerged as an independent field of knowledge somewhat earlier, approximately from the beginning of the 20th century. Knowledge management trends began to emerge within large IT corporations, which began to reveal the connection between innovations produced by organizations and the transfer of knowledge between employees. The authors of this article aimed to provide a detailed overview of current modern trends in knowledge management, as well as explore their philosophical justification. The article discusses such trends as: the study and development of the concept of knowledge management itself, the development and im-provement of KMS, as well as knowledge management models, the study and identification of knowledge management tools. For each of the listed areas of research, a review of the literature is given, as well as the features of knowledge management as a discipline. According to the results of the review, it can be argued that the trend that began within Western IT corporations to preserve and reuse knowledge within the company is actively spreading not only to other industries, but also globally, acquiring its own unique features as an independent area of research.
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Yu, Shengli, und Anna Lee Rowe. „Emerging phenomenon of corporate social and environmental reporting in China“. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 8, Nr. 3 (03.07.2017): 386–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-09-2016-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivations underpinning recent evolving corporate social and environmental reporting (CSER) among enterprises in China through the lenses of senior managers. Design/methodology/approach Using the interpretive tenets of engagement research, semi-structured in-depth interviews were adopted to explore the perceptions of senior managers from 21 large companies in various industries. The aim is to make sense of the emerging CSER phenomenon occurring in the field through engagement, observation and penetrating interviews. Findings The findings identify the main enablers driving CSER in China as: regulations and government influence; management awareness; benefits to company image; peer pressure/reporting by peers and public pressure on controversial companies. Guided by a system-based theoretical framework in terms of motivations for CSER, this study offers insights into the effectiveness of using widely adopted Western-based theoretical approaches in a Chinese context where companies operate against a different socio-economic, political, regulatory and cultural backdrop. Research limitations/implications The deep-rooted face (Mianzi) culture has the potential to influence managers to portray a positive image about their companies and themselves. Originality/value This engagement-based study is one of the few initiatives exploring managerial perceptions of CSER in China that adds to the scant literature pertaining to rich “emic” data in accounting, encompassing cultural influence by applying systems-oriented theoretical framework. The stimulus for CSER identified are useful for regulators and organizations to better comprehend how to set effective policies that promote CSER and fit the distinctive institutional characteristics of China.
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Bandara, Raja, Sujenthirai und Senevirathne. „IMPACT OF DEBT AND EQUITY FINANCING ON FIRM PERFORMANCE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SRI LANKA EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE APPAREL AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN THE WESTERN PROVINCE“. Journal of Accountancy & Finance 9, Nr. 2 (02.05.2023): 342–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.57075/jaf922205.
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"One of Sri Lanka's top industries for earning foreign currency is clothing and textiles. However, the Covid19 pandemic adversely hampered the performance of the textile sector and seriously affected the company's economic operations. To continue in business Whatever the state of affairs are in the nation and the world, capitalizing is a must. There are primarily two forms of funding the business for that. Those are debt and equity financing. Accordingly,the study's primary objective is to investigate the effects of capital structure on business performance during the Covid-19 pandemic of small and medium scale enterprises in Sri Lanka’s apparel and textile industry. The study was a quantitative research study, employed a survey research strategy. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect primary data from responses and data was analyzed through statistical software SPSS 23.0. Sample size consists of 154 SMEs in apparel and textile industry in western province in Sri Lanka and sampling technique was stratified sampling technique. Employing Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, the conceptual framework was evaluated. The empirical findings from the use of multiple linear regression analysis showed that debt financing had a significant and positive influence on business performance whereas equity financing had a significant and negative influence on firm performance. The goodness of fitness of the overall model presented 55%. Out of nine hypotheses, three hypotheses were rejected through regression analysis. Borrowings, Other payables, Owner’s intangible assets were not significantly influenced on firm performance.Trade payables, contractual obligations, owners' cash on hand, and owners' physical assets all had a substantial impact on the operating activities of the garment and textile business during the Covid-19 outbreak.Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that, SMEs in the apparel and textile industry employed both short-term debt and equity (retained earnings) to finance the operating activities of the firm during the Covid-19 pandemic and debt financing and equity financing significantly impacted on firm performance of the company.
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Amarazka, Vega, und Reni Shinta Dewi. „Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan E-Wom Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Portobello Semarang“. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis 9, Nr. 4 (30.11.2020): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2020.28791.
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Abstract: The arrival of technology made a huge jump in all industries, including in the Food & Beverage sector. Food is a primary need for human existence to be fullfilled. Therefore, the growth in this sector is always rising because of the new touch that often leads to innovation especially in kinds of variety of food. Portobello is a local restaurant that offers western foods with pasta and pizza specialty and also local foods located in Semarang Indonesia. Based on the sales report, from 2015 until 2019 the company was facing fluctuated sales. From the researcher perspective, product quality and e-WOM could be the cause of the fluctuated sales. This study aims to determine the influence of product quality and e-WOM on purchase decision of Portobello, Sumurboto consumer. The type of research is explanatory research and using non-probability sampling techniques, purposive sampling and accidental sampling. The samples used for this research are 100 respondents that just visited the restaurant. This research uses statistic system SPSS version 20 and qualitative and quantitative analysis with validity, reliability, correlation coefficients, coefficient of determination, simple and multiple regression, the significance of t-test and F test.Keywords: Product Quality; E-WOM; Purchase Decisions Abstrak: Kehadiran teknologi membuat lompatan yang besar dalam semua industri, termasuk salah satunya di bidang Food & Beverage. Makanan adalah kebutuhan primer manusia yang harus dipenuhi. Maka itu, perkembangan di sektor ini terus meningkat karena ragamnya inovasi produk makanan yang selalu dilakukan oleh pelaku bisnis. Portobello adalah restoran lokal yang menawarkan menu western seperti pasta, pizza dan lainnya serta makanan lokal yang berlokasi di Semarang, Indonesia. Berdasarkan data penjualan yang didapat, dari tahun 2015 sampai 2019 Portobello mengalami pendapatan yang fluktuatif. Maka dari itu, kualitas produk dan e-wom dapat diduga menjadi faktor penyebab fluktuasi tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan e-wom terhadap keputusan pembelian pada konsumen Portobello, Sumurboto. Tipe penelitian adalah eksplanatory research dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probability sampling, purposive sampling dan accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan google form. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 responden konsumen Portobello, Sumurboto Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan sistem statistik SPSS versi 20 dan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, regresi sederhana dan berganda, signifikansi uji t dan uji F.Kata Kunci: Kualitas Produk; E-WOM; Keputusan Pembelian
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Harris, Steve. „Industrial Symbiosis in the Kwinana Industrial Area (Western Australia)“. Measurement and Control 40, Nr. 8 (Oktober 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029400704000802.
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The Kwinana Industrial Area of Western Australia has emerged as a world leading example of industrial symbiosis. This involves businesses in close proximity exchanging by-product material, water and energy. Utilisation of a previously discarded resource as an alternative input to another company can help improve both business and sustainability performance of the participating companies. For example, the exchange can reduce disposal costs and provide a cheaper input for the receiving company. The environmental benefits can include reduced collective resource consumption and waste generation, whilst the social benefits may include new employment opportunities and reduction of emission (e.g. water or traffic) to the local community. This article presents the integrated research programme undertaken at the Centre of Excellence in Cleaner Production, Curtin University of Technology which seeks to enhance the uptake of industrial symbiosis in Australian heavy industrial areas. The case of Kwinana is discussed with illustrative case studies of industrial symbiosis exchanges. International interest in the creation of industrial symbiosis continues to grow and the article concludes with a discussion on the emerging role of measurement and control technolo
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Tajeddini, Kayhan. „Analyzing the influence of learning orientation and innovativeness on performance of public organizations“. Journal of Management Development 35, Nr. 2 (07.03.2016): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-03-2015-0033.
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Purpose – There is growing concern about the performance of public organizations (POs) in developing countries. Despite the fact that the advantages of innovation and learning orientation to organizations have been evidently documented in Western economies and private owned enterprises, there has been little research into these practices and their impact on enhancing competitive advantages in POs in transitional economies such as Iran. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of innovation and learning orientation on performance of POs in Iran. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on theory from innovation and learning orientation in conjunction with a strategic-centered model to carry out a survey-based study of 127 senior level managers (e.g. CEOs, planning, finance, HR and marketing managers) of POs and/or their cluster companies in six major developed and developing cities of Iran. Findings – The research findings show that learning orientation and innovativeness leads to better PO performance and should be encouraged. More specifically, the results suggest that higher levels of learning orientation and innovativeness led these organizations to higher levels of delivery speed, cost improvement, and quality confidence in firm future PO performance. Research limitations/implications – Data were gathered via a questionnaire administered to senior level managers of some POs and/or their clusters in some cities in Iran. Further research is required to understand the contextual factors that influence internal company culture. For example, there are relatively few women in managerial positions in Iranian companies; and the impact of a restricted business environment appears to vary from service to retail and manufacturing industries. Practical implications – This study is important for managers of public sectors. From empirical evidence, the authors found that PO managers must consider innovativeness and learning as two crucial strategic capabilities for a superior and sustainable performance. Originality/value – The study provides insights into the types of activities that PO management should undertake in order to enhance economic performance.
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Tournois, Laurent, und Jean-Jacques Chanaron. „Car crisis and renewal: how Mercedes succeeded with the A-Class“. Journal of Business Strategy 39, Nr. 1 (15.01.2018): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2017-0033.
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Purpose In mature industries, downward vertical (line) extension has become an increasingly popular strategy, particularly for automobile manufacturers aiming at expanding their consumer bases and/or avoiding competition in higher market segment. This paper aims to examine how Mercedes-Benz (MB) practiced a downward vertical line extension within the same product category. When commercialized as a product line innovation, the MB A-Class was the first and most symbolic move made by a premium brand in the automobile industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the microfoundations of a vertical downward extension strategy. To do so, the authors adopt a narrative style to analyze the story of the MB A-Class from its inception to its commercialization. Secondary data sources, such as company websites, annual reports, internal documents, books, public relations and press releases, were used. Qualitative as well as quantitative performance outcomes were assessed using market and product sales in Western Europe (1997-2016) and the results of an MB brand image survey conducted in 1998 following the accident faced by the A-Class. Findings The case illustrates that contrary to initial assumptions, lower-quality extensions may be relevant for prestige brands under certain conditions and identifies four strategy components that may drive a successful downward stretch: combine organizational, product, process and marketing innovation with the support of dynamic capabilities; manage paradoxes/contradictions in terms of product development; target the high-end of a lower consumer segment; and adopt a “brand humility talk scheme”. Research limitations/implications Existing studies primarily focus on consumers’ evaluations of vertical step-down extensions. Rare are the articles that adopt the company’s perspective. Moreover, additional research is needed to assess the short- and long-term impacts of vertical downward extension on performance outcomes. Practical implications The case of the MB A-Class encourages top executives to consider the trade-offs inherent to a down-market strategic move: keeping the (premium) brand’s standards high within a reduced cost/price envelope while learning the codes of the new/bottom of the market. In addition, the A-Class may serve as a fundamental school case for marketing managers and creative advertising agencies on what should and should not be done, whether at the product or at the advertising level. Originality/value This paper demonstrates that a premium brand that practiced a vertical downward line extension can expand its sales in a mass market, by targeting a small but growing segment with a high willingness to pay for more expensive products. This adds to the contention that it is not the downscale extension product price per se that negatively affects the parent brand but rather where it stands in the hierarchy of the market segment considered and the ability of the premium brand to integrate the downscale extension to its own history (i.e. combining its original values with tangible product benefits while backing the cause of the new market). Finally, the story of the A-Class strongly suggests that any company needs to upgrade its capabilities as part of the learning process of a new market to convert a business opportunity into a market success.
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McQueenie, Jim. „Woodside and contractors—partnering for safety excellence“. APPEA Journal 50, Nr. 2 (2010): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09072.
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Oil and gas industry safety performance in Australia compares well with other industries. Performance of the Australian Oil and Gas Industry, however, as reported by APPEA, lags behind the average performance of the international industry, as reported by the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP). The improving trend in health and safety performance in Australia over the last ten years is continuing, but progress is slowing. This slow-down suggests that if we continue to work in the same manner as we have done in the past, we will not create the shift in performance required to match or better the international industry average. The current structure of the industry has a number of different operating companies supported by a broad base of contractors. In 2009, contractor exposure hours accounted for 88% of the total hours worked by Woodside. Each operator and contractor has their own approach to health and safety management. The industry backdrop is an increase in activity driven by coal seam gas (CSG) exploitation, a number of LNG megaprojects in development in Western Australia, a significant proportion of senior personnel retiring from the industry, and a significant influx of people new to the industry to support expansion and replace retirees. This will increase demands on existing, already stretched, industry resources and could reduce our ability to develop new approaches and effectively implement them. One of the actions taken to address this at Woodside has been to engage over 100 senior leaders in our company and the CEOs of all of our major contractors to build a commitment to change the basis upon which operator and contractor work together on health and safety issues. This has involved establishing industry sector focus groups for: drilling; exploration and geomatics; onshore project construction; offshore project construction; and, production. Each group is comprised of Woodside and contractor leadership. Given the success of these groups in formulating and driving their own agendas for improvement, and given the strong (and quite pleasing) contractor desire for ownership, Woodside sponsorship will cease at the end of 2010. The approach aims to create sustainable, self governed health and safety focus groups to develop industry solutions to our industry’s health and safety challenges. The groups operate on the premise that excellence in health and safety performance is of mutual benefit and is non-competitive.
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Akpatou, Kouame Bertin, Kouakou Hilaire Bohoussou und Koffi Jean-Claude Bene. „Assessment of Terrestrial Small Mammals in an Agro-industrial Company Concession, Western Liberia“. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, Nr. 4 (28.12.2019): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i4.25581.
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This study was conducted in a global context of biological assessment of potential oil palm plantation development in western Liberia. It has been recommended as a complementary study to design a biological baseline prior to the development of oil palm plantations. It is based on "Terrestrial small mammals” biological model. Thus, terrestrial small mammal richness and abundance were assessed in Sime Darby palm oil company Concession at Bong and Gbarpolu counties in western Liberia. Conventional live-trapped methods using mainly pitfalls and Sherman trapswere used to investigate terrestrial small mammals. The combination of these two methods allowed the capture of 76 specimens belonging to 11 species.The most frequent species was Crocidura jouvenetae(39.47 %) followed by Hylomyscus simus(14.47 %) and Hybomys planifrons(10.53 %). Small mammal communities wereglobally dominated by forest species (Crocidura eburnea, Crocidura jouvenetae, Crocidura muricauda, Crocidura obscurior, Dephomys defua, Hybomys planifrons, Hylomyscus simusand Mus setulosus), which indicates the lower level of forest degradation at this area. These species of rodent and shrew are threatened to disappear due to the conversion of their habitats to palm oil plantations. It is highly recommended that the company preserve intact primary forest relics within oil palm plantations in order to conserve representative sample local biodiversity.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(4): 434-439
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Kaihovirta, Matias. „Maintaining paternalism, retaining patriarchy: Gender and class in a Finnish industrial company, 1880–1980“. management revue 31, Nr. 4 (2020): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2020-4-402.
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This article examines industrial paternalism in Finland throughout a century, from the 1880s to the 1980s, and coincides with the rise and decline of industrial society in the history of Western capitalism. The focus of the article is on social relationships between management and employees in an ironworks in Billnäs, located in south-western Finland, and how it developed and changed during the studied time period. Applying a microscopic historical analysis, this article looks at universal phenomenon, namely concerning social relations and gender in the world of industrial paternalism in concrete detail. In addition to a historical understanding of paternalism, the article also contributes to a broader understanding of the relationship between social and economic relations in paternalist organizations with a view to exploring the cultural understandings of gender and class.
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NOAKES, RICHARD. „Industrial research at the Eastern Telegraph Company, 1872–1929“. British Journal for the History of Science 47, Nr. 1 (10.04.2013): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087413000174.
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AbstractBy the late nineteenth century the submarine telegraph cable industry, which had blossomed in the 1850s, had reached what historians regard as technological maturity. For a host of commercial, cultural and technical reasons, the industry seems to have become conservative in its attitude towards technological development, which is reflected in the small scale of its staff and facilities for research and development. This paper argues that the attitude of the cable industry towards research and development was less conservative and altogether more complex than historians have suggested. Focusing on the crucial case of the Eastern Telegraph Company, the largest single operator of submarine cables, it shows how the company encouraged inventive activity among outside and in-house electricians and, in 1903, established a small research laboratory where staff and outside scientific advisers pursued new methods of cable signalling and cable designs. The scale of research and development at the Eastern Telegraph Company, however, was small by comparison with that of its nearest competitor, Western Union, and dwarfed by that of large electrical manufacturers. This paper explores the reasons for this comparatively weak provision but also suggests that this was not inappropriate for a service-sector firm.
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Bandarsyah, Desvian, Abdulhadi Abdulhadi und Sulaeman Sulaeman. „The Development and Economic Impact of Railway in Batavia, 1873-1930“. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 32, Nr. 2 (29.09.2022): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.31683.
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This study aims to determine the background of rail transportation modes developed in Batavia, focusing on the process, the activities between 1873 and 1930, and their economic impact in 1930. It was discovered that the increase in agricultural and plantation yields during the Cultivation Era led caused serious problems in transporting agricultural products from the plantation area to the port. It led to the construction of the first train connecting Batavia to Buitenzorg, operated by the Nederlandsche-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) on 31 January 1873. Another railway company, Staatsspoorwegen (SS), designed to operate the western route, including Batavia – Tanjung Priok, was inaugurated in 1885. It was followed by Batavia – Anyer in 1900 with a Duri – Tangerang branch in 1899 and Bataviasche Ooster Spoorweg Maatschappij (BOSM), which opened the eastern route, Batavia – Bekasi – Karawang, in 1891. Moreover, there is also the Batavia horse tram operated by Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij (BTM) in 1869, which served as the beginning of the history of the railroad in Batavia. It was also discovered that the train significantly impacted all economic actors in Batavia, including the farmers, traders, and industries. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui latar belakang pembangunan moda transportasi kereta api di Batavia, proses pembangunan moda transportasi kereta api di Batavia dan perkembangan perkeretaapian di Batavia pada 1873-1930 serta dampak moda transportasi kereta api terhadap perekonomian Batavia 1930. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa terjadinya peningkatan hasil pertanian dan perkebunan pada era Tanam Paksa yang jumlahnya belipat-lipat menyebabkan masalah yang cukup serius bagi pengangkutan hasil perkebunan dan pertanian dari daerah perkebunan ke pelabuhan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan itu, maka dibangunlah kereta api pertama di Batavia yang menghubungkan Batavia dengan Buitenzorg yang dioperasikan oleh Nederlandsche-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) pada 31 Januari 1873. Selanjutnya terdapat perusahaan kereta api lainnya yang turut beroperasi di Batavia, yaitu Staatsspoorwegen (SS) yang mengoperasikan lintas barat, meliputi Batavia – Tanjung Priok diresmikan tahun 1885, Batavia – Anyer 1900 dengan cabang Duri – Tangerang tahun 1899 dan Bataviasche Ooster Spoorweg Maatschappij (BOSM) yang membuka lintas timur, Batavia – Bekasi – Karawang tahun 1891. Tak lupa juga terdapat trem kuda Batavia yang dioperasikan oleh Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij pada tahun 1869 yang mengawali sejarah berdirinya sejarah kereta api di Batavia. Dengan ini kereta api mampu memberikan dampak ekonomi bagi seluruh pelaku ekonomi di Batavia, mulai dari petani, pedagang hingga industri sekalipun. Cite this article: Bandarsyah, D., Abdulhadi, Sulaeman. (2022). The The Development and Economic Impact of Railway in Batavia, 1873-1930. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 159-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.31683
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Orehowskyi, Wadym. „ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NETHERLANDS IN THE XVI-XVIII CENTURIES“. BULLETIN OF CHERNIVTSI INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND ECONOMICS IV, Nr. 80 (2020): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34025/2310-8185-2020-4.80.01.
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The article describes the main directions of economic development of the Netherlands in the XVI-XVIII centuries. The author draws attention to the peculiarities of the geographical location of the country (much of the territory was below sea level), which largely determined the nature of agricultural development. Talking about the level of manufacturing, the author notes that his most developed industries were the textile industry and shipbuilding. Shipbuilding cost the Dutch several times cheaper than residents of other European countries due to the use of modern technology. At the same time, it is noted that agriculture and industry did not provide the main income to the people of the country. The Netherlands owed its economic power to an active trade policy. The local government strongly defended the principle of free trade. Trade relations with Western Europe played a significant role. The Dutch are actively penetrating the territory of the Moscow Empire. In the XVI century. formed three districts in Russia, through which trade with the Netherlands. The dominant place was occupied by the Baltic region; the second place belonged to the Murmansk district and the third place - the mouth of the Northern Dvina, where the main role was played by the port city of Arkhangelsk. The second part of the article covers the colonial policy of the Netherlands. The author notes that as a result of the conquest of new lands, the Dutch became trade intermediaries not only between China and Japan, but also between China, the Moluccas and the islands of Indonesia, on the one hand, and Persia, Arabia and East Africa, on the other. The whole East became their tribute. The second part of the article covers the colonial policy of the Netherlands. The author notes that as a result of the conquest of new lands, the Dutch became trade intermediaries not only between China and Japan, but also between China, the Moluccas and the islands of Indonesia, on the one hand, and Persia, Arabia and East Africa, on the other. The whole East became their tribute. Colonial trade gave impetus to the development of powerful trade associations. An example of this is the Dutch East India Company, which became the first corporation in history to be financed by issuing shares. As a result, the author emphasizes that trade, which was the main "breadwinner" of the Netherlands in the XVII century. became one of the reasons for the decline of local industry and the country's loss of economic leadership. Instead of investing in the development of domestic manufacturing, colossal capital was invested in trade and usury. All this, of course, had a negative impact on the development of the Dutch economy.
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Bowen, J. Ray, und David C. Rose. „On the Absence of Privately Owned, Publicly Traded Corporations in China: The Kirby Puzzle“. Journal of Asian Studies 57, Nr. 2 (Mai 1998): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658832.
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In a recent article in this journal, William C. Kirby (1995) chronicled the development of China's Company Law, which was crafted in 1904 to promote industrial development by codifying a commercial code. Among other objectives, the Company Law was aimed at providing institutional support for the emergence of modern legal corporations. Indeed, it was a widespread belief among the Qing reformers of the period that “Modern industrial capitalism … demanded Western corporate structures to do business’ (Kirby 1995, 43). Kirby argued that after numerous revisions it has become clear that the Company Law has failed to promote the emergence of privately owned, publicly traded corporations. Given China's rich commercial tradition, its dramatic post-1978 reforms, and its rapid economic growth over the last two decades, Kirby's finding raises a most puzzling question for China scholars: Why is there not a single privately owned, publicly traded corporation (PPC) in mainland China?
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Pastore, Jose. „Industrial Relocation and Labour Relations: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe“. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 23, Issue 1 (01.03.2007): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2007003.
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Industrial relocation is one of the main concerns of industrial relations practitioners, policy-makers, union leaders and researchers in general. For many companies the critical choice is no longer between producing at home or abroad, but rather between cutting costs or losing market share. One of the ways to increase competitiveness is to move east. By facilitating company relocation, the Central and Eastern European countries are guaranteeing the future of companies facing competition in Germany, France, Italy, and other European countries. But relocation often involves the loss of jobs in the country of origin and job creation in the countries of destination as well as many changes in industrial relations practice of both sides. This paper focuses on the impact of the integration of eight former communist countries in the European Union in 2004. Data for 2004-2006 show that differences in terms of salaries and working conditions are related to changes in the industrial relations systems of Western Europe on the one hand, and Central and Eastern Europe on the other. The eastern countries are growing fast, but a high rate of unemployment has led to frustration and dissatisfaction in most of the new Member States. In the Western countries, to avoid further company relocation to the eastern countries, pressure has been exerted on employees to make deep concessions in terms of salaries, bonuses, working time and other labour conditions. The paper explores the future prospects for these developments, as well as their repercussions for other emerging nations.
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Hassard, John S. „Rethinking the Hawthorne Studies: The Western Electric research in its social, political and historical context“. Human Relations 65, Nr. 11 (01.10.2012): 1431–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726712452168.
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In primary accounts of the Hawthorne Studies (1924–32), the host organization, Western Electric, is treated as a largely anonymous actor. Through case-based historical research we find such treatment masks the distinctive profile of the company in the years preceding and encompassing the Hawthorne investigations. Besides its significant industrial standing, when Western’s reputation for welfare capitalism is considered alongside a tragedy that galvanizes its Hawthorne workforce, the company emerges as an iconic manufacturer with a singular cultural inheritance. Unlike previous retrospective studies, this research explains a range of social and political factors that shaped the Hawthorne Works at this time. In particular, it describes how an ostensibly ‘human relations’ philosophy had been espoused at Western prior to Elton Mayo’s arrival in 1928, but that this outwardly ‘progressive’ ethos was underpinned by hard-edged paternalism and tough-minded anti-unionism. Later, during the 1930s, an increasingly challenging organizational climate developed at Western as a result of the Great Depression coupled with exigent AT&T policies. Findings from this research can be contrasted with ‘enlightenment’ or ‘revelatory’ narratives on Hawthorne as expressed in management textbooks. The article offers, at once, fresh insights into the history of Western Electric and new interpretations of the Harvard-influenced research conducted therein.
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Tsai, Terence, und Shubo Liu. „Mamma Mia! Made in China — Challenges in Developing the Musical Industry“. Asian Case Research Journal 19, Nr. 02 (Dezember 2015): 419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927515500157.
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This case is about how United Asia Live Entertainment Co. Ltd. (United Asia), a real Chinese production and marketing company and a commercial arm of the Ministry of Culture, localized a popular global product, Mamma Mia!, to compete with other international and local firms during the period when the Government was pushing the reform of the cultural industry. Mamma Mia! is the first-ever Western musical without roots in the Chinese culture, being presented in Chinese (Mandarin) by an entire Chinese cast in China. United Asia staged the translated version with the creative team of the original musical. This case describes how United Asia faced and overcame many obstacles, including talent shortage, uncertain customer expectations and immature industrial clusters while it was preparing for the first show. The production turned out to be a big success. Although United Asia planned to launch more Western musicals in Chinese, the company aspired to go beyond introducing only copyrighted musicals and to create original musicals. This case leads to the reflection and discussion on what the company, as a groundbreaker in China’s new musical industry, should do next and how to sustain its competitive advantages.
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Ernayani, Rihfenti, Susie Perbawasari, Soukaina Boukri, Aa Hubur und Roan Kurniawan. „loyalty of workers to industrial organization“. Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S1 (12.08.2021): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns1.1404.
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The differences in roles between individuals in Western factories and in Japanese factories - the ways in which individuals are given responsibility and authority, what rewards are given, and behaviors are rewarded - have a close relationship with the differences between their two cultural backgrounds. Japanese industry has for decades coated the top of a very and once feudal society for several centuries. The loyalty of workers to industrial organization, the paternal style of motivating and paying workers, the deep involvement of the company in all things which were to the eyes of the workers' private affairs - all of these had something in common with Japanese pre-industrial social organization. This equation does not underestimate the massive changes that have taken place in Japan during its industrialization period. Japan has changed enormously; and the changes continue. However, if the study of industrialization in Japan is to be relevant for the study of economic development in other Asian nations, then the nature of the changes that have occurred must be well understood.
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Hrovatin, N., und S. Uršič. „The determinants of firm performance after ownership transformation in Slovenia“. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, Nr. 2 (01.06.2002): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00006-5.
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In the last decade there has been an extensive debate in transition countries on whether ownership matters for company performance. The key issue has been whether outsider ownership outperforms insider ownership. This paper examines the influence of several variables — insider ownership, ownership by the state and municipalities, market share and the share of exports — on company performance in a sample of 488 Slovenian industrial companies after their ownership transformation. Econometric estimations demonstrate, contrary to the expectations based on previous Slovenian studies, that insider ownership does enhance performance. Market share has the expected positive influence on value added, whereas the influence of exports is negative due to the export reorientation to Western markets and the exchange rate policy in 1998. The effect of state ownership is statistically insignificant.
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Vidyarathne, C. N., K. A. S. Dhammika und M. V. S. Mendis. „Workplace democratic practices and industrial relations climate: a study on large scale Apparel company in Western Province, Sri Lanka“. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management 12, Nr. 2 (29.12.2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v12i2.34.
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