Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „West Bank – Social conditions“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "West Bank – Social conditions"
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Kohlbry, Paul. „Owning the Homeland: Property, Markets, and Land Defense in the West Bank“. Journal of Palestine Studies 47, Nr. 4 (2018): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2018.47.4.30.
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This article examines the formation of land defense in relation to changing legal and economic conditions in the occupied Palestinian territories. It argues that as a result of settler capital and law, Palestinian land defense should be understood as emerging through, rather than apart from, private property. Specifically, it explores how private property and market forces shaped agrarian land defense (1970s–1980s) and real estate land defense (post-2007). In the 1970s and the 1980s, land defense sought to protect agriculture against market forces that drew Palestinians off the land and into wage labor in Israel. Beginning in the 1990s, the exclusion of Palestinians from Israeli wage labor and new forms of West Bank governance created the conditions for real estate land defense to appear. Taking the real estate project TABO as a case study, this article details its political logic, unexpected market effects, and its social and economic limits.
2
Ben-Meir, Alon. „THE CASE FOR AN ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN-JORDANIAN CONFEDERATION“. World Affairs 185, Nr. 1 (10.02.2022): 9–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00438200211066350.
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This extended article argues a case for an Israeli-Palestinian-Jordanian Confederation, proposes the central elements necessary to realize this in practice, and offers policy advice to the key players as well as to policy makers in the United States, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. After 73 years of conflict, following the Arab Spring, and the intermittent violence between Israel and the Palestinians, the Palestinians will not give up on their aspiration for statehood. Ultimately, a two-state solution remains the only viable option to end their conflict. The difference, however, between the framework for peace discussed in the 1990s and 2000s—where the focus was on establishing a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza—versus the present time is that many new, irreversible facts have been created: the interspersing of the Israeli and Palestinian populations in the West Bank, Jerusalem, and Israel; the status of Jerusalem, where both sides have a unique religious affinity; Israeli settlements in the West Bank, the majority of which will have to remain in place; the intertwined national security concerns involved; and the resettlement of/compensation for Palestinian refugees. I argue that independent Israeli and Palestinian states, therefore, can peacefully coexist and be sustained only through the establishment of an Israeli-Palestinian confederation that would subsequently be joined by Jordan, which has an intrinsic national interest in the resolution of all conflicting issues between Israel and the Palestinians. To that end, all sides will have to fully and permanently collaborate on many levels necessitated by the changing conditions on the ground, most of which can no longer be restored to the status quo ante.
3
Moustaphaly, Mouhamadou. „Une Politique Monétaire pour l'Emploi dans l'UEMOA“. Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 5, Nr. 2 (2020): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2020.2.6.
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Despite great results of member countries of the West African Monetary and Economic Union (WAEMU) in the attainment of the convergence conditions the issues of poverty incidence and employment remain important in the eight economies. The renewed debate on macroeconomic linkages in the aftermath of the 2008 global crisis, leads us to wonder whether there would not be a room to improve significantly the effectiveness of current economic policies in developing economies especially those in the WAEMU. Indeed unemployment remains high even if inflation is duly under control and growth has reached unprecedented levels in the Union. The main message of this paper is that targeting inflation solely is not sufficient to promote economic and social development. The Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) may recourse to (in) direct instruments (reserve requirement or even quantitative objectives for banks in terms of credit to SMEs) to induces the right incentives for the financial system to finance more directly small business and other SMEs that create jobs.
4
Brynen, Rex. „Imagining a Solution: Final Status Arrangements and Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon“. Journal of Palestine Studies 26, Nr. 2 (01.01.1997): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2537782.
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Possible final status arrangements for the Palestinian refugee issue are explored, with emphasis on their consequences for the Palestinians in Lebanon. It is suggested that the right of return will be limited largely to the West Bank and Gaza, where it will be shaped by local economic conditions. Available compensation funds may be inadequate. Greater research and policy planning are needed in these areas. Moreover, because Lebanon will continue to host a significant Palestinian population for many years to come, both Palestinian-Lebanese dialogue and improvement in the social, economic, and legal status of the Palestinians are imperative.
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Nurzhanova, Karmaliyev und Sengaliyev. „NATURAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS OF OPISTORCHOSIS CIRCULATION IN WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION“. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, Nr. 22 (19.05.2021): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.401-408.
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The formation and course of epidemic and epizootic processes of opisthorchiasis is influenced by natural-ecological and socio-economic factors. Geographical position of the Ural River basin, the proximity of the Volga focus, species diversity and abundance of commercial species of cyprinids, ecological conditions in the Ural basin, in floodplain water bodies and in small rivers of West Kazakhstan region, connected with the Ural River, the dietary habits of people, intensive migration of population create optimal conditions for the functioning of parasitic system of opisthorchiasis and contribute to the spread of this invasion among the population of the Ural region.The risk of infection with opisthorchiasis at the natural and social levels remains high. The territory of West Kazakhstan region has the following natural and ecological conditions: it is confined to the Ural-Caspian lowland. Surface waters of West Kazakhstan region are represented by rivers, lakes and reservoirs. In the Ural River and its basin, there are many mollusks Bithynia leachi and fish species, among which there are potential carriers of opisthorchian metacercariae – bream, ide, dace, redfin, tench, wild carp, carp, white bream, roach, asp, prussian and crucian carp, chub, minnow, sabre fish, blue bream. In the region, the incidence of opisthorchiasis in people is annually recorded. A significant part of the infected population lives in settlements located along the banks of the Ural River and its floodplain reservoirs.
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Edward, Zulkarnain, und Yusmahenry Galindra. „HUBUNGAN POST POWER SYNDROME DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA NASABAH YANG PENSIUN DI ¬¬¬BANK BTPN MITRA LAYANAN TASPEN SOLOK SUMATERA BARAT PADA TAHUN 2018“. Zona Kedokteran: Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Batam 9, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37776/zked.v9i1.281.
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Retirement occurs when someone starts a new life. Some people face retirement with a positive outlook and there are also negative views that will cause bad things in the form of physical symptoms, emotional or including social conditions that will cause post power syndrome. For retirees who drag on Post power syndrome, they will experience anxiety and shock that is so heavy. This research is a quantitative type with an analytic research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this research is 94 individuals who are in retirement. The technique used is quota sampling where the sample has certain characteristics to the desired amount. Data obtained by filling out the questionnaire. The data obtained were processed statistically with SPSS using Fisher's exact test. Based on statistical test results, it was found that Ho was rejected, where there was a significant relationship between post power syndrome and the level of anxiety of customers who retired at Bank BTPN Mitra Taspen Solok, West Sumatra in 2018 with p-value = 0.001. From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a relationship between post power syndrome and the level of anxiety in customers who retire at the Bank of BTPN Mitra Taspen Solok, West Sumatra in 2018.
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Seraphin, Prao Yao. „Urbanization, Gender and Economic Growth in the Waemu Zone: Evidence from Pooled Mean Group Estimation“. Advances in Politics and Economics 3, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): p47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v3n4p47.
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This study empirically analyses the influence of urbanization and the participation of men and women in the labour force on economic growth in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Using data from the World Bank (2017) on the member States between 1990 and 2016, we show from Pesaran’s PMG estimator, Shin and Smith (1999) that in the short term, youth and women are very useful for economic growth. In the long term, urbanization, industrial added value and the elderly make a positive contribution to economic growth. The study urges governments to create better living conditions by ensuring adequate income levels and care, i.e., public policies should aim to increase employment, establish or improve social protection, social integration, health and the fight against discrimination.
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Masalha, Nur. „Jewish Fundamentalism and the ‘Sacred Geography’ of Jerusalem in Comparative Perspective (1967–2004): Implications for Inter-Faith Relations“. Holy Land Studies 3, Nr. 1 (Mai 2004): 29–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2004.3.1.29.
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Since the occupation of East Jerusalem and the West Bank by Israel in 1967 radical Judaism has developed into a major force, with a considerable influence on the attitudes and votes of many Israelis. The new messianic fervour centres on the building of the Temple on the site of the Muslim shrines in Jerusalem. This article explores the rise of a variety of Jewish fundamentalism in Israel and its implications for community, nationalist and interfaith relations in the Holy Land. It examines, in particular, the social and political conditions under which these fundamentalist attitudes have evolved. It explores evolving attitudes towards the ‘sacred geography’ of Jerusalem and rights of occupancy, within the wider context of multifaith relations and comparative (Jewish, Muslim and Christian) perspectives.
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Nujeidat, Muhammad Sami. „Bedouin society in northern Israel, Jordan, Palestine, and Syria and its social, cultural and leadership systems“. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, Nr. 9 (15.08.2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol10n93443.
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This paper aims to identify the nature of the life of the Bedouin community in northern Israel and some of their customs and social behaviors, the Bedouin leadership systems, and the professions they undertake to secure their living requirements, most notably herding and agriculture. The Arab Bedouin of Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank have been subject to a series of human rights violations, including forced displacement, since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. They have been classified as a ‘security threat’ and branded as ‘squatters’ on state lands. Successive Israeli governments have sought to expropriate their land and concentrate them into townships. The Israeli authorities refuse to recognize them as an indigenous group and thereby withhold from them the full range of rights provided to indigenous people under international laws. Though forced displacements are not necessarily illegal, they are if they are arbitrary or discriminatory. Bedouin in Israel’s Negev desert live in some of the poorest conditions in Israel, deprived of basic rights, including the right to water, shelter and education. They live with the constant threat of eviction and home demolitions, under enormously stressful conditions that have a serious effect on their health and well-being.
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Kegnide, Eyitayo, Fifanou Vodouhe, Aklesso Egbendewe und Jacob Yabi. „Women and Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas in West Africa: Case of Benin“. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 12, Nr. 3 (03.06.2024): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.16.
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This research identified factors that can influence the forms of women's entrepreneurship in rural areas in Benin. The Harmonized Survey on Living Conditions of Households database carried out in 2018 was used for the study. Data in several countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo) and financed by the World Bank. The annual survey to monitor the living conditions of households is part of the perspective of a better knowledge of poverty in WAEMU member countries, in order to understand its manifestations. This Data were submitted to a multinomial logistic regression model and, rural women in agricultural entrepreneurship were categorized into three groups based on sources of funding: entrepreneurship with access to credit (1.70%), entrepreneurship in association (17.88%), and entrepreneurship with equity (80.42%). The regression model identified factors such as socio-cultural affiliation, religion, geographical location, age, marital status, and the mother's branch of activity as social factors that determine the choice of forms of entrepreneurship. In addition to these factors, the study identified some constraints on women's agricultural entrepreneurship such as lack of employment, lack of access to land, level of education, access to water and grazing sites, floods/droughts, poor management, and poor sales of agricultural products as exogenous factors. Improvement of these factors could promote women's agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas.
Dissertationen zum Thema "West Bank – Social conditions"
1
Al-A'Raj, Hussein Abdulla Hussein. „Labour turnover in the West Bank : an analysis of causes of turnover in the industrial sector“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2850/.
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The main objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the causes of turnover in manufacturing companies in the West Bank. Within this context, the study attempts to investigate the characteristics of ex-workers in relation to the causes of turnover which influence their decisions, the characteristics of short-term, medium-term and long-term quitters. In addition the way in which the reasons for turnover perceived by ex-workers, personnel managers and union leaders are examined. This study emphasises the differences between causes, conditions and correlates of turnover. Finally, the study relates the correlates to the causes of turnover rather than to the turnover rates as done by many previous studies. In order to achieve the main objective of the study, 306 ex-workers, 30 personnel managers and 10 union leaders were included in this study (questioned or interviewed). The result of the study showed that the major reasons for turnover which influenced the ex-workers were (i) inadequate salary (ii) poor supervision (iii) lack of autonomy at work. In addition availability of jobs in the neighbouring labour markets was a condition which also encouraged the workers to leave their work. Moreover, it was found that personal reasons were the least frequently cited reasons. But, personal characteristics were found to be the most important group of variables which discriminate between the responses of leavers.
2
Jamal, Manal. „After the 'peace processes' : foreign donor assistance and the political economy of marginalization in Palestine and El Salvador“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100629.
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Under what circumstances does foreign donor assistance during war-to-peace transitions contribute to the strengthening of civil society and the deepening of democracy? I answer this question through a comparative study of civil society development in the Palestinian territories and El Salvador, where I conducted 130 interviews with directors of donor agencies, grassroots activists, and directors of NGOs. Divergent civil society developments in the Palestinian territories and El Salvador after the signing of peace accords in the early 1990s present a real puzzle given the pre-accord similarities in civil society organization between the two cases. Both the Palestinian territories and El Salvador had a legacy of rich, vibrant grassroots organization and civil society activity during their protracted conflicts. In both settings, grassroots organizations have played central roles in non-violent resistance, consciousness-raising, and the provision of community services. Moreover, after the initiation of the peace processes in both the Palestinian territories and El Salvador, foreign donors provided substantial assistance to civil society groups. However, their civil society developmental paths diverged sharply during the war-to-peace transition. In the Palestinian territories, existing civil society organizations have engaged less actively with their previous grassroots constituencies since the start of the war-to-peace transition, and the number of grassroots-based civil society organizations has decreased. Moreover, many of these organizations have been limited in their access to institutions that engage the state. In El Salvador, the re-constitution of civil society has led to its broad access to institutions that engage the state and to higher levels of grassroots inclusion in the political transformation process.I argue that these divergent outcomes in the Palestinian territories and El Salvador reflect the differential effects that foreign assistance has on civil society after more or less inclusive political settlements. I find that in cases like the Palestinian territories, where the political settlement excludes important socio-political groups, foreign donor assistance is less likely to contribute to the strengthening of civil society or the deepening of democracy. Rather, foreign donor assistance to civil society is more likely to exacerbate political polarization and weaken civil society by further privileging those select groups already favored by the terms of the non-inclusive settlement. Conversely, after more inclusive political settlements like in El Salvador, foreign donor assistance can play a more constructive role in developing civil society and contributing to the deepening of democracy by encouraging grassroots organization, and expanding access to political institutions that engage the state.
3
Hindiyeh, S. „Social change and agriculture in the West Bank 1950-1967 : Aspects of sharecropping and commercialisation“. Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355687.
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Arp, Henning A. „New social movements in France and West Germany: their activists and conditions for their development“. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101368.
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In this paper, new social movements in France and West Germany are compared in terms of their supporters, and in terms of certain elements of the political and administrative conditions which they are confronting. On the basis of survey data from 1982, specific attributes of supporters of new social movements (socio-demographic characteristics, value orientations, and attitudes) are highlighted which distinguish them from the average of the population. While broad similarities exist between supporters in both countries, the new social movements in France appear to be less distinct from mainstream society than their West German counterparts. The examination of the political and administrative conditions focuses on the centralization/decentralization of the State, and the party and electoral system in France and the Federal Republic. A decentralized system is argued to offer, on the whole, more favorable conditions for the protest movements. Also the West German party system, and the West German electoral mechanisms have helped the new social movements east of the Rhine.M.A.
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Banks-Conney, Diana Elisabeth. „Political culture and the labour movement : a comparison between Poplar and West Ham, 1889-1914“. Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2005. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5797/.
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This thesis compares two areas of East London, Poplar and West Ham,that ultimately became strongholds of the Labour Party. The thesis attemptsto answer the crucial question of why, prior to 1914, it seemed as if Labour had succeeded in South West Ham but had failed to achieve similar representation in Poplar. This thesis considers that although contemporaries had identified similar social and economic problems in both Poplar and West Ham in the early twentieth century, more detailed analysis reveals differences as well as similarities in the underlying economic and social structure, which had implications for political outcomes. The difference in attitude of local trade unionists and councillors was crucial as was the behaviour of the political leadership. The reason for this, it will be shown, lay in the characters of the individuals who led their respective activists, as well as in the social and economic structure of the two boroughs. Using the theoretical model of social movements and political parties it is hoped that an understanding may be reached as to why socialist politics in these two boroughs, apparently so similar, achieved different outcomes in the years prior to 1914. The initial chapters outline the social and economic conditions in the boroughs and the national attitudes to their problems. Chapters Three and Four consider the left wing activists and their leaders, exploring their differing attitudes to the social and economic problems and their different styles ofpolitical activity. Chapter Five discusses the difficulties experienced by activists in achieving local and national representation so as to effect social and political change. Chapters Six, Seven and Eight, by considering the issue of unemployment, the campaign for women' s suffrage and the history of the Great Unrest, exemplify the main argument of this thesis. Thus by assessing economic factors, employment patterns and trade unionism, problems with the franchise and elector registration, the quality of local party organisation and the different attitudes and aspirations of the local activists, this thesis will test the hypothesis that the reason for the difference in political fortunes in these two boroughs was that left wing activity in Poplar was more characteristic of a social movement and that of West Ham was more representative of a political party.
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Yuksek, Emre. „The Israeli Settlements In The West Bank Territory Before And After The Peace Process“. Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611547/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the development of the settlement policies of Israel in the
West Bank territory by focusing on the incentives of them with factors of change and
continuity before and after the peace process.
The Six-Day War of 1967 which initiated a new phase in the region with the
Israeli occupation of territories in Jordan, Syria and Egypt became an important
milestone in Middle East history. Although some of these territories were returned
through bilateral talks, the main territory of the Palestinian people remained under
occupation, being subjected to Jewish settlement activities.
The settlement activities on the West Bank were expanded by all Israeli
governments with different incentives until the peace process. The peace process
which began in 1993 aimed to form an independent Palestinian state. Among the
vital issues related to the final status talks the moratorium on future building of
settlements and the Israeli withdrawal from the settlements were delayed. The Camp
David Summit in 2000 was overshadowed by the ongoing activities of settlement. In
addition to settlement activities, increasing security arrangements following the
emergence of Al-Aqsa Intifada brought about the fragmentation of West Bank
territories.
This study aims to analyze the results of the settlement activities in the West
Bank before and after the peace process in terms of an eroding factor for the mutual
confidence between the Israelis and Palestinians. The settlement activities will be
examined from the pre-state period of Israel within the framework of its unilateral
policies until the end of 2005.
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Philip, Lorna Jennifer. „Deprivation in south-west Scotland : how is it experienced in small towns and in rural areas?“ Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2195/.
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This thesis reports the findings of an empirical research project investigating deprivation in a predominantly rural area of southern Scotland. Many of the social and economic problems afflicting rural communities have been investigated in recent research, and this thesis makes a contribution to this body of work by addressing the relative paucity of primary information about rural deprivation in Scotland. An extensive review of the literature on deprivation reveals that it is usually discussed with specific reference to either city or predominantly urban areas. In this study the focus was on the varied manifestations of deprivation experienced by those living in the rural areas and in small towns in an attempt to shed light on how deprivation is perceived in those two types of geographical area. Analysis of the survey data involved the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Considerable differences were found between the experiences and perceptions of what constitutes deprivation in small towns and in the neighbouring countryside. The findings suggested that experiences of deprivation are to a considerable extent place specific; there was not a simple 'urban' - 'rural' split. It was also apparent that small towns may have more in common with larger urban areas when it comes to socio-economic problems such as deprivation than they do with their rural hinterland. In attempting to relate experiences of deprivation to the range of anti-deprivation initiatives operating in south-west Scotland, it was found that its economic components are almost always addressed. However, other issues commonly identified by people living in disadvantaged area's have yet to be similarly addressed. The main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that while a rural-urban split exists in residents' experiences of deprivation, individual geographical areas of the same type (i.e. rural or urban areas) display unique characteristics. From this it follows that policies to counteract deprivation and associated socio-economic problems must take account of the specific needs of individual areas rather than rely on more generalised formulations.
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Stanton, Susan Marion. „Voice of the fugitive, Henry Bibb and "racial uplift" in Canada West, 1851-1852“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62562.pdf.
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Mbaye, Jenny F. „Reconsidering cultural entrepreneurship : hip hop music economy and social change in Senegal, francophone West Africa“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/201/.
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The increasing interest in the cultural economy is part of an attempt to invent new industrial development strategies that comprises a capacity to transform locations. In policy-making, the cultural economy is commonly framed from an economic perspective that salutes the role of the cultural economy and the dynamics of entrepreneurship in processes of urban and regional developments. Moreover, explorations of cultural economy and entrepreneurship are mainly represented by studies of Europe and North America. This thesis departs from such a normative perspective, and critically examines the links between a situated music economy, its cultural entrepreneurs and social change in West Africa. The empirical investigation of West African hip hop musical practitioners is framed by the notion of “community of practice”. The situated practices of these cultural workers and their music production ecology are investigated – methodologically – from a grounded perspective in order to grasp the originality of their materiality and aesthetics. The empirical focus of this thesis research is Dakar, one Francophone West African urban locale, which is contrasted with the ‘test case’ site of Ouagadougou. The case study locations are ‘experientially situated’, and over seventy semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of participants both directly and indirectly involved in the hip hop music economy. Underpinning this research is the starting point that using “community of practice” as a conceptual framework offers a theoretically informed empirical basis for situating cultural entrepreneurship in the context of the West African music economy. In response, this thesis introduces the transcultural dimension of Hip Hop to frame its radical culturalisation of the West African music economy. This is done by singling out the political, social and theoretical significance of how hip hop entrepreneurship has become a force to be reckoned within social change in Francophone West Africa: this is a significant contribution of the thesis.
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Howman, Brian. „An analysis of slave abolitionists in the north-west of England“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2447/.
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This thesis is an examination of slave abolitionists in Liverpool and Manchester and their shared hinterland of South Lancashire. Cheshire and North Wales from 1787 to 1834. The changing economic and social structures of the region provide a backdrop to consider activities during the campaign against the slave trade up to its abolition in 1807, and the campaign for emancipation, which achieved success in 1834. The thesis uses existing theories of economic decline and economic sacrifice to explain Britain’s abandoning of the slave system as a starting point. However, the thesis explores the complex interplay of commercial, religious and political interests in the region in an attempt to gain a clearer picture of the forces at work, which motivated protagonists’ activities. The thesis contextualises the campaigns against the slave trade and the institution of slavery within the rapidly industrialising landscape of the region. This industrialisation ushered in a new local social and economic elite: the industrial middle class, who would assume political influence to match their economic power, with the reform of Parliament in 1833. This study shows that it was appeals to the interests of the new élite that carried most weight, helping bring about the sea change in British public opinion. An examination of important abolitionalists’ activities in the region illustrates how the anti-slavery movement framed their arguments. These arguments tied together religious and economic concerns within a broader political framework, which reflected the growing importance of laissez faire economic philosophy and the declining influence of traditional power brokers. In this light, it is interesting to consider the arguments forwarded by abolitionists who fell outside of this industrial, Dissenting, disenfranchised group to illustrate how their concerns differed. The study recognises that opposing political paradigms could be used to underpin arguments against slavery.
Bücher zum Thema "West Bank – Social conditions"
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ABURISH, SAID K. 1935. Cry Palestine: Inside the West Bank. London: Bloomsbury, 1991.
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Dengler, Bettina. Approaching vulnerability: Rural livelihoods in the West Bank, Palestine. Weikersheim: Margraf, 2005.
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Benvenisti, Meron. Demographic, economic, legal, social, and political developments in the West Bank. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post., 1986.
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International, Amnesty, Hrsg. Enduring occupation: Palestinians under siege in the West Bank. London: Amnesty International Publications, 2007.
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Awartani, Hisham M. Sources of economic and social statistics on the West Bank and Gaza Strip: Report. Geneva: United Nations, 1996.
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Hilāl, Jamīl. Informal social support system (non-institutionalized) in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Jerusalem: MAS, Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute, 1997.
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Benvenisti, Meron. 1987 report: Demographic, economic, legal, social, and political developments in the West Bank. Jerusalem, Israel: Jerusalem Post, 1987.
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1935-, ABURISH SAID K. Cry Palestine: Inside the West Bank. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.
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Marianne, Heiberg, Hrsg. Palestinian society in Gaza, West Bank and Arab Jerusalem: A survey of living conditions. Oslo: FAFO, 1993.
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Crossing the green line between the West Bank and Israel. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "West Bank – Social conditions"
1
Friedman, Elie, und Dalia Gavriely-Nuri. „Occupation normalization and estrangement in social media discourse“. In Israeli Discourse and the West Bank, 87–113. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Cultural discourse studies series ; 2: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558691-5.
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Bolton, Matthew. „4. “More Like Genocide”“. In Antisemitism in Online Communication, 107–36. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0406.04.
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Accusations that Israel has committed, or is in the process of committing, genocide against the Palestinian population of the Middle East are a familiar presence within anti- Israel and anti Zionist discourse. In the wake of the Hamas attacks of 7 October 2023 and the subsequent Israeli military invasion of Gaza, claims of an Israeli genocide reached new heights, culminating in Israel being accused of genocide by South Africa at the International Court of Justice. Such claims can be made directly or indirectly, via attempts to draw an equivalence between Auschwitz or the Warsaw Ghetto and the current situation in the Palestinian territories. This chapter examines the use of the concept of genocide in social media discussions responding to UK news reports about Israel in the years prior to the 2023 Israel- Hamas war, thereby setting out the pre-existing conditions for its rise to prominence in the response to that war. It provides a historical account of the development of the concept of genocide, showing its interrelation with antisemitism, the Holocaust and the State of Israel. It then shows how accusations of genocide started being made against Israel in the decades following the Holocaust, and argues that such use is often accompanied by analogies between Israel and Nazi Germany and forms of Holocaust distortion. The chapter then qualitatively analyses comments referencing a supposed Israeli genocide posted on the Facebook pages of major British newspapers regarding three Israel-related stories: the May 2021 escalation phase of the Arab- Israeli conflict; the July 2021 announcement that the US ice cream company Ben & Jerry’s would be boycotting Jewish settlements in the West Bank; and the rapid roll-out of the Covid-19 vaccine in Israel from December 2020 to January 2021.
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Schejter, Amit M., Baruch Shomron, Muhammad Abu Jafar, Ghalia Abu-Kaf, Jonathan Mendels, Shula Mola, Malka Shacham, Amneh Sharha und Noam Tirosh. „Social Networking Applications: Facebook and West Bank Palestinian Activists“. In Digital Capabilities, 109–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22930-5_7.
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Wade, Robert H. „Muddy Waters: Inside the World Bank as It Struggled with the Narmada Irrigation and Resettlement Projects, Western India“. In Social Development in the World Bank, 265–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57426-0_17.
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AbstractThe period since the Second World War has witnessed three global power shifts: one, from sovereign states relating to each other through balances of power, to inter-state organizations which pool some sovereignty and enact collective preferences; two, from states to non-state organizations, including NGOs, enormously facilitated by the internet; and three, from West to East. The World Bank has been a microcosm of these shifts. This chapter describes the interplay between some of the agents: World Bank staff; World Bank top management; World Bank Executive Directors (representatives of member governments, who formally govern the Bank); Government of India and governments of states; Indian and international (mainly UK, US, Japanese) NGOs; and the US Congress. The context is the Narmada irrigation and resettlement projects in western India from the 1970s to the 1990s. The first of the projects (Sardar Sarovar) became the subject of a large-scale opposition movement, Indian and international, which ended up forcing the World Bank to take serious responsibility for resettlement and environmental sustainability in its projects world-wide, and to create an independent inspection facility to which people who consider their welfare net harmed by a World Bank-supported project can bring complaints direct to the Bank by-passing their national government.
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Brahms, Sabrina. „The Religious Aspects of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the West Bank: Systemic Implications“. In Emergence in Complex, Cognitive, Social, and Biological Systems, 277–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0753-6_22.
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Gottschall, Karin, Kristin Noack und Heinz Rothgang. „Dependencies of Long-Term Care Policy on East–West Migration: The Case of Germany“. In International Impacts on Social Policy, 515–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_40.
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AbstractThis contribution reconstructs the policy shift from a Bismarckian “low road” to a “higher road” of long-term care (LTC) policy in Germany. We argue that this policy change is deeply intertwined with migration to uphold and transform LTC policy. Cash benefits did not just stabilise family care, but are increasingly used to establish a “migrant-in-the-family” model. Moreover, while the marketisation of care services led to an expansion of commercial services, this process increasingly depended on migrant carers. Policy measures to improve working conditions in formal care were only initiated when ever-growing demands could not be met by migrant workers. At the same time live-in arrangements are only cautiously regulated. Reflecting the familialistic legacy, provision of care by women (paid/unpaid, formal/informal, professional/semi-professional) has become more stratified.
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Tapsoba, Tebkieta Alexandra, und Dabiré Bonayi Hubert. „International Remittances and Development in West Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso“. In IMISCOE Research Series, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_9.
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AbstractRemittances are one of the precious spin-offs of international migration in developing countries. They have been fast growing for the last decade, but like any other income, they fluctuate with economic conditions which are affected by several shocks, such as the ongoing covid 19 pandemic. Nevertheless, these transfers sometimes exceed Official Development Aid (ODA) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in some parts of the World such as Sub-Saharan Africa, demonstrating their importance for promoting socio-economic development. This chapter focuses on Burkina Faso, a West African country where more than 80% of the population practice subsistence agriculture, and bear heavily the consequences of poor climatic conditions, exacerbated by the ongoing climate change. The country also has a great history of migration mainly written by its colonial past. Using data from several sources such as the World Bank indicators and national surveys, this chapter aims firstly to understand the trends of remittances flows in the country for the last decade. Secondly, using a national survey on migration conducted in the country, we found that receiving international remittances increases the probability of setting up a non-agricultural business. This result suggests that remittances can help households to set up businesses and be less dependent on climatic conditions.
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Yates, Stéphanie, Johanne Saint-Charles, Marius N. Kêdoté und S. Claude-Gervais Assogba. „Reducing Air Pollution in West Africa Through Participatory Activities: Issues, Challenges, and Conditions for Citizens’ Genuine Engagement“. In Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change, 1213–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2014-3_25.
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Yates, Stéphanie, Johanne Saint-Charles, Marius N. Kêdoté und S. Claude-Gervais Assogba. „Reducing Air Pollution in West Africa through Participatory Activities: Issues, Challenges and Conditions for Citizens’ Genuine Engagement“. In Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7035-8_25-1.
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Christiansen, Bernd. „Social Stratification and Exchange in West African Conditions: A Participatory Approach to the Classification of Producers and Net Consumers of Marketed Surplus“. In Agricultural Markets from Theory to Practice, 87–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27273-0_3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "West Bank – Social conditions"
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Miconi, Andrea. „Sociality Under Siege. A Qualitative Study on Youth and Social Media in the West Bank“. In SMSociety'20: International Conference on Social Media and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3400806.3400834.
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Shawahna, Ramzi, und Asma' Hamdan. „Use and preference of information technology and social media networks in medical sciences education in the West Bank of Palestine“. In 2017 8th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitech.2017.8080005.
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Sari, Silvia, Rini Septiowati und Sevty Saputri. „The Effect of Entrepreneurship Characteristics and Personal Characteristics on the Growth of Sustainable Waste Bank Management Business (Case: Waste Management Entrepreneur in Sawangan Depok, West Java Province)“. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics Engineering and Social Science, InCEESS 2020, 17-18 July, Bekasi, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-7-2020.2303042.
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Абуджрай, Абдалла. „Chronicle of Inculcation the Educational Programs in Palestinian Schools in the Second Half of the 20th Century“. In Современное социально-гуманитарное образование: векторы развития в год науки и технологий: материалы VI международной конференции (г. Москва, МПГУ, 22–23 апреля 2021 г.). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2021.31.69.016.
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цель автора – представить историю школьного образования в Палестине во второй половине ХХ в., рассказать о статусе школьников и условиях приема в школу на новый учебный год. Школьное образование в Палестине прошло несколько этапов в 1950–1960-х гг. до прихода к власти Палестинской национальной администрации. С началом первого палестинского восстания (1987–1991) условия вновь изменились. Географическое расхождение между сектором Газа и Западным берегом повлияло и на то, что их школьные программы полностью отличаются. С созданием Палестинской автономии в 1993 г. ее первой миссией было внедрение всеобщего образования в секторе Газа и на Западном берегу. В исследовании применен метод интервьюирования и анализ основных программных документов. the purpose of this article is to present the historical facts of school education in Palestine in the second half of the twentieth century, as well as indicate the status of schoolchildren and the conditions for admission to school for the new academic year. School education went through several stages in the 1950s and 1960s until the Palestinian National Authority came to power. With the outbreak of the first Palestinian uprising from 1987 to 1991 conditions changed again. The geographic discrepancy between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank also contributed to their complete divergence in school curricula. With the creation of the Palestinian Authority in 1993, its first mission was to promote universal education in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The study used the interviewing method and analysis of the main program documents.
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Borbor, J. D., Katinka C. Van Cranenburgh und Christiaan W. F. Luca. „Social Risk Management as a Response to Increasing International Pressure for Social Performance“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206240-ms.
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Abstract In the past decades, financial institutions have led the way for companies to adhere to international standards for social performance. The journey began in the Industrial Revolution, when negative societal business impacts rapidly escalated, which led people to demand for their management. Initially focused on working conditions, impacts on the environment soon started to gain notice. Halfway through the 20th century, a combination of oil spills and mass media attention generated enough public pressure for the United States to sign the first piece of legislation requiring the environmental impact assessment. With this law and its replication abroad, however, came the concern with social impacts as well. Both environmental and social performance expectations soon spread internationally and, by the 1980s, multilateral financial institutions, most prominently the World Bank, incorporated such considerations into their investment and lending practices, which is the source of all such international standards today. These standards require the establishment of a social management system to integrate risk and impact management processes and stakeholder engagement activities. Given the challenge of implementing these requirements, a social risk management development framework is proposed to bring together the extensive and multidisciplinary demands of effective social performance. Five development areas are proposed: governance, social policy, tools, resourcing and capacity, and knowledge sharing. This is an important step to take today as it is expected that the next decades will see these international demands increase, possibly by ever increasing governmental regulation.
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Phan, Tuy N. M., John C. Wells, William D. Kirkey, Mohammad S. Islam und James S. Bonner. „Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow Field in the Hudson River“. In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-25011.
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Large-eddy simulation (LES) has been conducted under idealized conditions in two river reaches of the Hudson River (New York, USA), with near-bank resolution set to some 5 meters in order to resolve large-scale motions of turbulence in the near-bank regions. To simplify analysis, simulation is performed at a constant discharge corresponding to a typical ebb tide. A standard Smagorinsky model is implemented in the commercial package FLUENT, with buoyancy neglected and bottom roughness set to zero. We perform Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) on the LES results. POD modes are orthogonal flow fields that capture the kinetic energy in an optimally convergent fashion. Results show that only a few POD modes are enough to describe the most energetic flow dynamics. In a reach around the Indian Point power plant, the second and third modes reflect an interesting generation of separating eddies on the western bank, which we do not find with a URANS (standard k-ε) computation on the same grid. To test our simulation, a comparison of simulation results with other simulation results and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data measured at West Point, New York will be presented.
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Kaluzhina, Marina, Yuri Tishchenko, Anastasia Samoilova und Natalya Kraeva. „On the content of the concept of “criminological situation”“. In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.yzsp2002.
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The article considers the content of the concept of “criminological situation” in the criminological aspect, determines its structure. The differentiation of the concept of “criminological situation” with related concepts used in the special literature is given. The concept of criminological situation is proposed, taking into account its division into the main constituent elements, the mechanism of interaction between phenomena and the result of this interaction is shown. The main features of a criminological situation are determined, these features are defined by common regular connections and dependencies between the phenomena of social development and crime at the levels of the development of the social environment, the formation of the system of social relations, the state and development of social processes management. Considering a criminological situation as a dynamic category, the authors determined the affecting criminogenic, anti-criminogenic or functional factors. It is concluded that their in-depth study and analysis create favorable conditions for generating organizational-tactical decisions, taking into account the real possibilities of society and the state in combating crime, determining the main directions, strategies. Innovative methods for studying, analyzing and assessing a criminological situation, as well as the ways, forms of combating crime are considered. A critical judgment is made about why some developments and recommendations proposed by specialists, despite the high scientific-technical level, do not bring the desired effect in practice. It is concluded that a criminological situation acts as a social reality, an objectively given phenomenon, and therefore its assessment should be the same for all institutions of the state and society.
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Munteanu, Angela. „Times and the interior and exterior architectural stylistic character of the Romanian-Moldovan traditional dwelling, incontestable museum decoration“. In Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975351379.09.
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Every nation has a history of multiple cultural, ethnic, linguistic interferences, which complement each other from one century to another. The Romanian people have a tumultuous past, with periods of Ottoman occupation, the liberation and unification of Greater Romania, but also the separation from the mother country after the Second World War. Currently, the political and national development path of the Republic of Moldova is struggling between the East and the West. Romanian traditional stylistics represents us through culture, tradition, and customs. We have a valuable cultural heritage inherited from our ancestors, characterized by architecture and folklore, costumes, traditions, and national holidays, which bring back the beautiful spring, winter, and autumn holidays of yesteryear. The home is a peasant house, today a monument of traditional-vernacular architecture (made by folk craftsmen) with architecture specific to each area of the Republic of Moldova, has currently become an ethnographic museum of this richly endowed land. The peasant house is the interior space characterized by the inhabitants of a country. The constructions had a plan, size, and aspect influenced by the physical-geographical conditions of the natural environment, by the particularities and specifics of the household system, historically and socially conditioned. Starting from the stylistic origins of manifestation in interior design and architecture, the traditional Romanian-Moldovan style can be aligned in a rustic ethnic style, monuments of peasant architecture. Therefore, according to its characteristics the rustic style represents the preservation or conservation of the traditional, the old, the folklore of a people, which makes you immediately think of the family home in an atmosphere torn from a fairy tale, sitting on a soft carpet in front of the fireplace (sobă). The rustic style is closely linked to tradition and the countryside. Traditional architecture, regardless of country and geographical area, presupposes the use of natural materials from the environment where the houses are built – wooden beams, stone, clay, straw both inside and outside. For example, the peoples of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine used wood in forested areas and stone in mountain areas.
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Dash, Tapas R., und Shruti Dash. „Economic Conditions of the Cambodian Urban Informal Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic“. In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/29-52.
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INTRODUCTION The impetus for this study comes from a field observation on informal workers in different urban areas in the Phnom Penh city during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevailing pandemic has devasted economies around the world, and in particular, the informal workers, who are generally employed on a seasonal, casual, or temporary basis. and lack social protection, have suffered the worst. To mitigate the social and economic impacts of the pandemic on poor and vulnerable houscholds, the Royal Government of Cambodia launched a nationwide cash relief program in June 2020. It is believed that an effective mitigation program to counteract the negative impact of COVID-19 requires evidence-based research, and this has prompted us to carry out the present study. Emerging from Wuhan in December 2019, the “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically altered the world cconomy and affected every aspect of life. While the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) views that the world has faced the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s, and emerging markets and developing countries were the hardest hit (British Broadcasting Corporation [BBC], 2020), the International Labour Organization (2020a) describes the coronavirus pandemic as the worst global crisis since World War II. The World Bank (2021) has estimated —3.5 percent growth of the global economy for 2020. The rapid spread of the virus has not only led to the disruption of supply chains and freezing demand limiting the flows of travel, trade, and investment (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2020), but has also slowed down economic activities in almost all countries due to lockdown and social containment measures. While nearly half of the world’s 3.3 billion workforce were at risk of losing their livelihoods (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2020), in Southeast Asia alone, with every passing month, tens of millions of more workers become vulnerable of sliding into poverty, including many in the middle class.
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Lyuga, Atanasia, Dimitar Tomov und Daniela Tomova. „AMATEUR TENNIS PLAYER PROFILE FROM SOUTH-WEST BULGARIA AND NORTHERN GREECE“. In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/98.
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ABSTRACT There are few surveys related to amateur tennis. The existing surveys on this topic inform regarding the available facilities, prices for services and different programs. Our survey was focused on comparison of gender and age of amateur tennis players, as well as conditions and opportunities for amateur tennis in a hundred kilometers radius area covering two countries – Bulgaria and Greece. The collected information may be useful for tennis enthusiasts from both countries, and it may contribute to improvement of the relationship and partnership between them, especially since the distance between some tennis clubs in R. Greece and R. Bulgaria is less than sixty kilometers. The objective of the current study was creating a profile (age, gender, social and sport) of the amateur tennis player from Northern Greece and Southwest-ern Bulgaria and opening up opportunities for practicing amateur tennis in these border regions. The results established some differences in the profile of amateur tennis players from the two countries, by gender and preferences. There was a significant difference in the age of Greek and Bulgarian tennis players, in Greece, the highest percentage was this one of 19 - 25 year-olds, while the highest percentage of players in Southwestern Bulgaria was between 25-30 years old. The tennis courts in Bulgaria seem to be better maintained than those in Greece. On the positive side, the distances to the tennis clubs are not long, and the participants from both countries responded that this made it easier for them to practice tennis. The tennis amateurs are used to playing in one place, and prefer to play with the same partner. Tennis is an affordable sport as both in Greece (region of Macedonia) and in South-West Bulgaria, the prices of tennis services are within the means of all surveyed tennis players.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "West Bank – Social conditions"
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Gandelman, Néstor, Rodrigo Lluberas, Daniel Misail und Diana Gaitan. The Impact of a Financial Inclusion Program on Household’s Payment Choice, Savings, and Credit. Inter-American Development Bank, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004789.
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Uruguay implemented an ambitious financial inclusion program that included a fiscal stimulus through VAT rebates and subsidies for point of sale (POS) adoption. One of its main provisions banned cash payment of wages and social benefits and forced financial institutions to open wage-accounts with extremely beneficial conditions. In the aggregate, the number of debit cards transactions increased sharply. We test the wage-banking channel of the financial program exploiting differences in the treatment intensity between public sector and private sector workers. We find that while the provision of bank accounts increased the number of debit cards, it had modest effects on the probability of payment with cards that are mostly produced by a more intensive use of debit cards by those who already had them before the Financial Inclusion Act went into effect. Thus, the aggregate effects must be produced by the fiscal channel of the financial inclusion program. Finally, we fail to find effects on either access to short-term credit or expenditure or savings.
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Assi, Huthayfa. Social Enterprise, Women's Empowerment and Access to Finance: MedUP! project, Ramallah, West Bank, OPT. Oxfam, März 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.5792.
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Rojas, Eduardo. Sharpening the Bank's Capacity to Support the Housing Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean: Background Paper for the Implementation of the Social Development Strategy. Inter-American Development Bank, Februar 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008516.
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The Bank expanded its housing finance activities in the 1990s, shifting its support toward sector reforms that increase the capacity of housing finance and delivery mechanisms to cater to the needs of low-income households. The present publication examines Bank experience in housing, draws lessons for the design and implementation of new operations and identifies future areas for development. This report is intended to assist government and Bank officials in the identification and design of housing sector operations. The Social Pro-grams Division hopes that this publication will contribute to the improvement of housing conditions in Latin America, especially those of the poor and excluded.
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Martin, Matthew, Jo Walker, Kwesi W. Obeng und Christian Hallum. The West Africa Inequality Crisis: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Development Finance International, Oxfam, Oktober 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8045.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and worsened the depth of inequality in West Africa. It has pushed millions into poverty. There is no end in sight due to the obscene global vaccine inequality, which means that less than 4% of West Africans had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 as at September 2021, compared with 52% in the United States and 57% in the European Union. In 2021, when COVID-19 infections are rising in West Africa, the critical support health and socioeconomic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 are being rolled back and replaced with austerity. Many governments are following advice from the IMF and World Bank, reminiscent of the severe cuts in spending imposed under the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s and 1990s. However, as this paper argues, the pandemic offers West African governments a once-in-a-generation opportunity to invest heavily in inequality-busting policies by boosting public spending (especially on healthcare, education and social protection), making tax systems more progressive, and tackling joblessness and precarious work. This report uses the Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index (CRII) framework devised by Oxfam and Development Finance International to assess the policies of West African governments. Visit the CRI Index website to learn more: www.inequalityindex.org.
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Beuermann, Diether, Nicolas L. Bottan, Bridget Hoffmann, Jeetendra Khadan und Diego A. Vera-Cossio. Suriname COVID-19 Survey. Inter-American Development Bank, Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003266.
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This dataset constitutes a panel follow-up to the 2016/2017 Suriname Survey of Living Conditions. It measures welfare related variables before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic including labor market outcomes, financial literacy, and food security. The survey was executed in August 2020. The Suriname COVID-19 Survey is a project of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). It collected data on critical socioeconomic topics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to support policymaking and help mitigate the crisis impacts on the populations welfare. The survey recontacted households interviewed in 2016/2017 by the Suriname Survey of Living Conditions (SSLC) and was conducted by phone due to the mobility restrictions and social distancing measures in place. It interviewed 1,016 households during August 2020 and gathered information about disease transmission, household finances, labor, income, remittances, spending, and social protection programs. Data and documentation of the 2016/2017 Suriname Survey of Living Conditions can be found at: https://publications.iadb.org/en/suriname-survey-living-conditions-2016-2017 The survey was designed and implemented by Sistemas Integrales. This publication describes the main methodological aspects, such as sample design, estimation procedures, topics covered by the questionnaire, field organization and quality control. It also presents the structure and codebook for the two resulting publicly available datasets.
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Klesta, Matthew. Inflation remains a burden and consumer debt is on the rise. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20230523.
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The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's Community Issues Survey (CIS) collects information semiannually from direct service providers to monitor economic conditions and identify issues impacting low- and moderate-income (LMI) households in the Fourth District—a region that includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia. In March 2023, we surveyed more than 600 service providers who directly serve LMI individuals and communities across our District and received 95 responses (15 percent response rate). The results of this survey, summarized here, provide insights into how organizations and the households they serve are faring as they continue to navigate the impacts of inflation.
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Klesta, Matthew. Community Issues and Insights 2024: A Record-High Share of Respondents Observed a Decline in Affordable Housing. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Mai 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20240510.
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The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's Community Issues Survey (CIS) collects information semiannually from direct service providers to monitor economic conditions and identify issues impacting low- and moderate-income (LMI) households in the Fourth District, a region that includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia. In March 2024, we surveyed nearly 600 organizations that directly serve LMI individuals and communities across our District and received 100 responses (17 percent response rate). The results of this survey are summarized here and provide insights into how organizations and the households they serve are faring as they continue to navigate the impacts of inflation.
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Schluckebier, Kai. Intersections in contemporary traffic planning. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.58866.
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In Germany, traffic planning still follows the tradition of modernist urban planning theory from the beginning of the 1930s and car-oriented city planning during the post-war period in West Germany. From a methodological perspective, the prevailing narrative is that traffic can be abstracted and modelled under laboratory conditions (in vitro) as a spatial movement process of individual neutral particles. The use of these laboratory experiments in traffic planning cannot be understood as a neutral application of experimental results, assumed to be true, in a variety of spatial contexts. Rather, it is an active practice of staging traffic according to a particular social interactionist paradigm. According to this, traffic is staged through interventions in planning authorities as well as the practices of people on the streets. In order to describe these staging conduits, traffic is ontologically thought of as a social order that is continuously reproduced situationally through interactions, following Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel. To investigate the staging conduits empirically, an ethnographic-inspired field study was conducted at Willy-Brandt-Platz in Frankfurt am Main in May and June 2020. Through situational mapping and observation of social interactions (in situ), knowledge about the staging of social orders was generated. These empirical findings are further embedded in debates that discuss traffic not only as a staging but also as an enactment of certain realities. Understanding planning practice as a political enactment, through which realities are not only described but also made, makes it possible for us to think and design alternative realities.
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MacArtney, John I., Joanna Fleming, Abi Eccles, Catherine Grimley, Helen Wesson, Catriona Mayland, Sarah Mitchell et al. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Hospices (ICoH): Patient Cohort Report. University of Warwick Press, Mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-02-0.
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This report describes the diversity of experiences of people with life-limiting illnesses who were supported by hospices in the West Midlands during the pandemic. It is one of four cohort reports – the others focus on carers, frontline hospice staff, and senior managers respectively – that form the evidence base for a Policy Report into the impact of Covid-19 on hospices. In these reports we address the nine key themes that were identified as potentially important in our previous collaborative knowledge synthesis (MacArtney et al., 2021) and seek to address some of the policy gaps we identified in our review of recommendations for hospice practice and policy (Langen-Datta et al., 2022). Together these outputs are the result of an Economic and Social Research Council funded study (grant number: ES/W001837/1) that is one of the first studies to contribute an in-depth exploration of hospice-based experiences of the pandemic to the growing body of knowledge about the effectiveness and effects of changes to hospice services, at regional and national levels in response to Covid-19. The aim of this report is therefore to explore experiences of those with life-limiting conditions the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the care and support to identify recommendations for clinical practice and healthcare policy. Drawing on these findings, this report offers recommendations for hospices and clinicians who continue to provide care and support for people with life limiting conditions during the ongoing pandemic. These recommendations will also be of interest to local commissioners who will need to work with hospices in their region to ensure people with life-limiting conditions receive the support they need, and national policymakers who will need to ensure the necessary resources and guidance are available.
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Alonso, Pablo, Jose Ignacio Sembler, Hector Conroy, Camilo Pecha, Diether Beuermann, Marco Velarde, Oliver Azuara Herrera und Chloe Fevre. Country Program Evaluation: Mexico (2007-2011). Inter-American Development Bank, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010507.
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This country program evaluation (CPE) covers the 2007-2011 period. This evaluation pays particular attention to the relevance of the IDB's program in relation to Mexico's fundamental challenges, as well as to the Bank's strategy developed during the period in an effort to become more relevant in Mexico: work with the private sector, work with subnational governments, and strategic use of technical assistance. The Bank did more business with the country during the period under review than in the previous period, and the downward trend observed at the end of the last period and at the beginning of the present period has reversed. In addition, the Bank has revitalized its role as interlocutor in the social policy dialogue, demonstrating that if the legal hurdles are resolved, it could expand its heretofore limited but important role in strengthening subnational governments. Although the Bank has been losing relevance in relative terms, it continues to provide financial, technical, and operational benefits to Mexico. The country program has been relevant to Mexico's structural challenges and to one of three challenges of the period (the financial crisis), as well as partially relevant to the other two challenges (influenza A H1N1, and rising violence). With regard to the foregoing three areas of the Bank's position, the CPE finds that: (i) although the Bank's volume of business in the private sector has nearly quadrupled compared with the previous period and has had an appreciable countercyclical effect, it has not been possible to clearly identify the criteria used to organize or prioritize work in the sector, or to select the various windows vis-à-vis the Bank's comparative advantage, the country's market conditions, and the applicable strategy documents; (ii) the Bank and the Mexican government, despite major efforts during the period to resolve the legal impediments to working directly with subnational governments, have not yet found an efficient and effective mechanism to support them, as illustrated by the fact that in five years only two operations for US$660 million were approved; and (iii) while the use of technical assistance has been well received and has enabled the Bank to revitalize its role as interlocutor in the social policy dialogue, there is ample room for improving the strategic focus of such assistance. It should be noted that there has been a record high level of approvals and that portfolio efficiency, in terms of preparation and execution times and cost, has improved with respect to the preceding period and to other countries. The program's evaluability has generally improved over the course of the period, but the evaluability of private sector and technical assistance operations is low. The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) recommends that the Bank should consider some specific options for enhancing the program's strategic consistency, improving the Bank's work in the private sector, reducing transaction costs to remain competitive as well as to engage more intensively with subnational governments, and enhancing the strategic focus of technical assistance.