Zeitschriftenartikel: „Weld overaly cladding“

1

Brown, Alan. „Weld overlay cladding – the solution to pump corrosion?“ World Pumps 2005, Nr. 469 (Oktober 2005): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(05)70785-9.

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2

Chan, Lydia, Islam Shyha, Dale Dryer und John Hamilton. „Optimisation of Weld Overlay Cladding Parameters Using Full-Factorial Design of Experiment“. Materials Science Forum 880 (November 2016): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.54.

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Weld Overlay Cladding (WOC) shares the same scientific principals as conventional welding where there are multiple governing factors that control the process and outcome. The present work employs a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to optimising process parameters for cladding a nickel superalloy onto low alloy steel with the aim to improve productivity and quality. The arc current, the clad metal heating current were identified as the key process variables for this stage of experimentation. A full-factorial 4-by-2 test was carried out to identify the optimal levels. Results showed that there is a mild positive trend between the height of individual strings of beads and both variables. However no relationship was established with the depth of penetration, nor with the height of single or double layer stacks. The optimal level of the variables was therefore chosen to be the one that has the highest productivity rate as there were no significant differences. Further experimentation has been planned and described in this paper.

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3

Ahlstrand, R., und P. Rajamäki. „Toughness and fatigue properties of stainless steel submerged arc weld cladding overlay and significance of postulated flaws in the cladding overlay“. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 33, Nr. 2 (Januar 1988): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(88)90066-x.

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4

Wang, Zhi Ling, und Xiao Ding. „Mechanical Property and Corrosion Resistance of the E309L Buffer Layer in Weld Overlay“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (Oktober 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.39.

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The weld overlay technology of high strength low alloy steel (HSLA) and austenitic stainless steel is widely applied in such fields as petroleum, chemical industry and energy, and its service environment is of high temperature and corrosion. As the matching performance is often poor for both austenitic stainless steel and high strength low alloy steel, cavities and crackles occur easily at the joints, which cause brittle fractures with dangerousness to some extent. So in the present study, the metal-inert gas welding (MIG) is used to clad the austenitic stainless steel to HSLA. In the experimental group, 4mm buffer layer (E309L) and 8mm cladding layer (E347L) were successively cladded on the substrate (Q345B), while 12mm cladding layer was directly deposited on the substrate in the control group. The hot corrosion tests were done, and through the scanning electron microscope (SEM), we observed the cross-sectional morphology. By the X-ray diffraction (XRD), we analyzed ingredients of the corrosion products. The corrosion products in the experimental group mainly consist of iron and nickel oxides, while the products are mainly iron complex compound and salt in the control group. The SEM results show the area near the welding seam of the specimens without buffer layer had been corroded severely. However, only a slight corrosion occurs adjacent to the welding seam. This demonstrates that the buffer layer can protect the specimens from being corroded.

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5

Pettersson, R. F. A., J. Storesund und M. Nordling. „Corrosion of overlay weld cladding in waterwalls of waste fired CFB boiler“. Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 44, Nr. 3 (Juni 2009): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174327809x419186.

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6

Yildirim, B., und H. F. Nied. „Residual Stresses and Distortion in Boiler Tube Panels With Welded Overlay Cladding“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, Nr. 4 (01.11.2004): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1804198.

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In this study, finite element models are developed to analyze and predict the transient temperature profiles, residual stresses, and distortion incurred during deposition of protective overlay cladding on boiler tube waterwall panels. Plane strain models are used to simulate the evolution of residual stresses on the cross-section of a typical boiler tube panel during deposition of filler metal in sequential weld passes. The results demonstrate how residual stresses from previous weld passes are affected by an adjacent weld bead during the cladding process. Determination of the increment in panel warpage during each weld pass, for a sufficent number of passes, provides the necessary information to estimate of the total panel warpage after cladding coverage on a very large panel surface. It is noted that the total welding induced distortion can be adequately estimated from a relatively small number of weld passes over the typical waterwall cross-section.

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7

Kottfer, Daniel, Ildikó Maňková, Marek Vrabel', Marta Kianicová, František Rehák und Mária Franková. „Types of Tool Wear of AlTiN Coated Cutting Insert after Machining of Weld Overlay“. Solid State Phenomena 261 (August 2017): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.261.237.

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Authors of the paper present different types of tool wear after machining of weld overlay with AlTiN cutting insert. Welded layer was created on roller made from S355J0 steel by Open Arc (OA) method also referred as Metal One Gas (MOG). Various forms of tool wear were documented by optical microscope. Microchipping of cutting edge, built up edge (BUE) and flank wear were identified on examined round insert in rough turning of hard cladding.

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8

UDAGAWA, Makoto, Jinya KATSUYAMA, Hiroyuki NISHIKAWA und Kunio ONIZAWA. „Evaluation of Residual stress near the Weld Overlay Cladding by Welding and Post-Weld Heat Treatment“. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 28, Nr. 3 (2010): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.28.261.

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9

Makoto, Udagawa, Katsuya Jinya, Nishikawa Hiroyuki und Onizawa Kunio. „Evaluation of residual stress near the weld overlay cladding by welding and post-weld heat treatment“. Welding International 28, Nr. 7 (19.03.2013): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2012.753238.

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10

Cao, X. Y., P. Zhu, T. G. Liu, Y. H. Lu und T. Shoji. „Microstructure and electrochemical behavior of stainless steel weld overlay cladding exposed to post weld heat treatment“. Journal of Materials Research 32, Nr. 4 (30.01.2017): 852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.526.

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11

Chen, Huan, Xiaoming Wang und Ruiqian Zhang. „Application and Development Progress of Cr-Based Surface Coatings in Nuclear Fuel Element: I. Selection, Preparation, and Characteristics of Coating Materials“. Coatings 10, Nr. 9 (21.08.2020): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090808.

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To cope with the shortcomings of nuclear fuel design exposed during the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, researchers around the world have been directing their studies towards accident-tolerant fuel (ATF), which can improve the safety of fuel elements. Among the several ATF cladding concepts, surface coatings comprise the most promising strategy to be specifically applied in engineering applications in a short period. This review presents a comprehensive introduction to the latest progress in the development of Cr-based surface coatings based on zirconium alloys. Part I of the review is a retrospective look at the application status of zirconium alloy cladding, as well as the development of ATF cladding. Following this, the review focuses on the selection process of ATF coating materials, along with the advantages and disadvantages of the current mainstream preparation methods of Cr-based coatings worldwide. Finally, the characteristics of the coatings obtained through each method are summarized according to some conventional performance evaluations or investigations of the claddings. Overall, this review can help assist readers in getting a thorough understanding of the selection principle of ATF coating materials and their preparation processes.

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12

Corwin, W. R., R. G. Berggren, R. K. Nanstad und R. J. Gray. „Fracture behavior of a neutron-irradiated stainless steel submerged arc weld cladding overlay“. Nuclear Engineering and Design 89, Nr. 1 (November 1985): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(85)90155-4.

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13

Haggag, F. M., W. R. Corwin und R. K. Nanstad. „Effects of irradiation on the fracture properties of stainless steel weld overlay cladding“. Nuclear Engineering and Design 124, Nr. 1-2 (November 1990): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(90)90359-6.

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14

Mohammadi Zahrani, E., und A. M. Alfantazi. „Hot Corrosion of Inconel 625 Overlay Weld Cladding in Smelting Off-Gas Environment“. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44, Nr. 10 (29.05.2013): 4671–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1803-y.

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15

Guo, P. L., und L. G. Ling. „Effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the intergranular corrosion of ENiCrFe-7 weld overlay cladding materials“. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, Nr. 4 (Juli 2020): 8636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.05.101.

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16

Guo, P. L., L. G. Ling, Z. R. Chen, L. Xin, Y. H. Lu und T. Shoji. „Effect of aging treatment on mechanical properties in ENiCrFe-7 weld overlay cladding materials“. Materials Science and Engineering: A 779 (März 2020): 139083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139083.

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17

Cao, X. Y., P. Zhu, T. G. Liu, Y. H. Lu und T. Shoji. „Thermal aging effects on mechanical and electrochemical properties of stainless steel weld overlay cladding“. Surface and Coatings Technology 344 (Juni 2018): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.02.046.

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18

Wang, Yiyu, Rangasayee Kannan, Leijun Li, Yasin Suzuk, Darren Ting, Simon Yuen und Maria Garcia. „Jagged cracking in the heat-affected zone of weld overlay on coke drum cladding“. Engineering Failure Analysis 85 (März 2018): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.12.006.

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19

Cao, Xinyuan, Ping Zhu, Wei Wang, Tingguang Liu, Yonghao Lu und Tetsuo Shoji. „Precipitation behavior of stainless steel weld overlay cladding exposed to a long-term thermal aging“. Materials Characterization 137 (März 2018): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.01.018.

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20

Cao, X. Y., P. Zhu, X. F. Ding, Y. H. Lu und T. Shoji. „An investigation on microstructure and mechanical property of thermally aged stainless steel weld overlay cladding“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 486 (April 2017): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.01.019.

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21

Ge, Jiuhao, Fanwei Yu, Takuma Tomizawa, Haicheng Song und Noritaka Yusa. „Inspection of Pitting Corrosions on Weld Overlay Cladding Using Uniform and Rotating Eddy Current Testing“. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3108521.

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22

Madesh, R., M. Makeshkumar, S. R. Surender, K. P. Shankar und M. Sasi Kumar. „Performance characteristics of GMAW process parameters of multi-bead overlap weld claddings“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 988 (16.12.2020): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/988/1/012013.

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23

Venkateswara Rao, N., G. Madhusudhan Reddy und S. Nagarjuna. „Weld overlay cladding of high strength low alloy steel with austenitic stainless steel – Structure and properties“. Materials & Design 32, Nr. 4 (April 2011): 2496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.10.026.

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24

Tobita, Tohru, Makoto Udagawa, Yasuhiro Chimi, Yutaka Nishiyama und Kunio Onizawa. „Effect of neutron irradiation on the mechanical properties of weld overlay cladding for reactor pressure vessel“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 452, Nr. 1-3 (September 2014): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.04.035.

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25

Mohammed, Raffi, E. Nandha Kumar, G. D. Janaki Ram, M. Kamaraj, G. Madhusudhan Reddy und K. Srinivasa Rao. „Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of Weld Overlay Cladding of DMR 249A steel with AISI 308L“. Materials Today: Proceedings 15 (2019): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.017.

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26

NISHIKAWA, Hiroyuki, Jinya KATSUYAMA, Makoto UDAGAWA, Mitsuyuki NAKAMURA und Kunio ONIZAWA. „Weld Residual Stress Evaluation of Reactor Pressure Vessel Considering Material Property Changes of Heat-Affected Zone due to Weld-Overlay Cladding“. TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A 76, Nr. 770 (2010): 1286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.76.1286.

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27

NISHIKAWA, Hiroyuki, Jinya KATSUYAMA und Kunio ONIZAWA. „Effects of Weld-overlay Cladding on the Structural Integrity of Reactor Pressure Vessels during Pressurized Thermal Shock“. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 27, Nr. 2 (2009): 245s—250s. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.27.245s.

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28

NISHIKAWA, Hiroyuki, und Kunio ONIZAWA. „Improvement of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Code PASCAL2 for Reactor Pressure Vessel Focusing on Weld-Overlay Cladding“. Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 10, Nr. 1 (2011): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/taesj.j10.011.

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29

Dutra, Jair Carlos, Nelso Gauze Bonacorso, Regis Henrique Gonçalves e. Silva, Renon Steinbach Carvalho und Fernando Costenaro Silva. „Development of a flexible robotic welding system for weld overlay cladding of thermoelectrical plants’ boiler tube walls“. Mechatronics 24, Nr. 5 (August 2014): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2014.03.002.

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30

NISHIKAWA, Hiroyuki, Mitsuyuki NAKAMURA, Makoto UDAGAWA, Jinya KATSUYAMA und Kunio ONIZAWA. „1322 Weld residual stress evaluation of reactor pressure vessel considering material property changes of heat-affected zone due to weld-overlay cladding“. Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2009.22 (2009): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2009.22.617.

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31

Cao, Xinyuan, Ping Zhu, Wei Wang, Tingguang Liu, Yonghao Lu und Tetsuo Shoji. „Effect of thermal aging on oxide film of stainless steel weld overlay cladding exposed to high temperature water“. Materials Characterization 138 (April 2018): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.02.010.

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32

Guo, P. L., L. G. Ling, Z. R. Chen, Y. H. Lu und T. Shoji. „Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion resistance behavior of ENiCrFe-7 weld overlay cladding material“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 527 (Dezember 2019): 151786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151786.

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33

Takeuchi, T., J. Kameda, Y. Nagai, T. Toyama, Y. Matsukawa, Y. Nishiyama und K. Onizawa. „Microstructural changes of a thermally aged stainless steel submerged arc weld overlay cladding of nuclear reactor pressure vessels“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 425, Nr. 1-3 (Juni 2012): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.12.004.

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34

Tarmizi, Tarmizi, Hafid Abdullah und Herman P. „Pengaruh Desain Sambungan Las Cladding Stainless Steel 316 L pada Baja A516 terhadap Laju Korosi“. Metal Indonesia 27, Nr. 1 (01.02.2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32423/jmi.2005.v27.23-34.

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Masalah terletak pada belum diaplikasikannya proses las cladding untuk penyambungan pipa dilepas pantai. Tujuannya adalah mendapatkan ketahanan korosi yang lebih baik pada pipa dan menghemat biaya material. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan material baja A516 sebagai logam induk dengan cladding baja tahan karat 316L. Metode aplikasi pengelasan girth weld, meliputi: (1) membandingkan rancangan sambungan las bentuk groove V dengan groove Vm (modifikasi) dengan parameter las SMAW yang sama, (2) proses cladding dikerjakan dengan metode overlay SMAW. Berdasarkan hasil uji tarik disimpulkan bahwa kekuatan tarik sambungan girth weld bentuk groove V 3% lebih tinggi dari groove Vm (modifikasi). Hasil pengujian korosi pitting dalam larutan 6% FeCI3 22 ± 2 oC selama 72 jam menunjukkan bahwa laju korosi bentuk groove V lebih tinggi 153,6% daripada bentuk groove Vm (modifikasi). Harga pokok produksi pengelasan diperoleh sebesar Rp.279.996,-.

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35

Takeuchi, T., Y. Kakubo, Y. Matsukawa, Y. Nozawa, T. Toyama, Y. Nagai, Y. Nishiyama, J. Katsuyama, Y. Yamaguchi und K. Onizawa. „Effects of neutron irradiation on microstructures and hardness of stainless steel weld-overlay cladding of nuclear reactor pressure vessels“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 449, Nr. 1-3 (Juni 2014): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.01.004.

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36

Guo, Peiliang, Ping Zhu, Xinyuan Cao, Wei Wang, Ligong Ling, Yonghao Lu und Tetsuo Shoji. „The general corrosion behavior of ENiCrFe-7 weld overlay cladding material in deoxygenated high-temperature and high-pressure water“. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 56, Nr. 4 (26.02.2019): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2019.1571453.

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37

Maziasz, P. J., G. M. Goodwin, C. T. Liu und S. A. David. „Effects of minor alloying elements on the welding behavior of FeAl alloys for structural and weld-overlay cladding applications“. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 27, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1992): 1835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(92)90029-e.

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38

Dobrzański, L. A., E. Jonda, W. Pakieła und M. Dziekońska. „Laser treatment with 625 Inconel powder of hot work tool steel using fibre laser YLS-4000“. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, Nr. 92 (03.12.2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9663.

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Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the changes in the surface layer (Inconel 625), obtained during the laser treatment of tool-steel alloy for hot work by the use high-power fibre laser. Design/methodology/approach: Observations of the layer structure, HAZ, and substrate material were made using light and scanning microscopy. The composition of elements and a detailed analysis of the chemical composition in micro-areas was made using the EDS X-ray detector. The thickness of the resulting welds, heat affected zone (HAZ) and the contribution of the base material in the layers was determined. Findings: As a result of laser cladding, using Inconel 625 powder, in the weld overlay microstructure characteristic zones are formed: at the penetration boundary, in the middle of weld overlay and in its top layer. It was found that the height of weld overlay, depth of penetration, width of weld overlay and depth of the heat affected zone grows together with the increasing laser power. Practical implications: Laser cladding is one of the most modern repair processes for eliminating losses, voids, porosity, and cracks on the surface of various metals, including tool alloys for hot work. Laser techniques allow to make layers of materials on the repaired surface, that can significantly differ in chemical composition from the based material (substrate material) or are the same. Originality/value: A significant, dynamic development in materials engineering as well as welding technologies provides the possibility to reduce the cost of production and operation of machinery and equipment, among others by designing parts from materials with special properties (both mechanical and tribological) and the possibility of regeneration of each consumed element with one of the selected welding technologies.

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39

Bjelajac, Edvard, Tomaž Vuherer und Gorazd Lojen. „Weld Cladding of s355 Steel with Rectangular Electrode Covered Rutile 2000 s Coating“. Advanced Technologies & Materials 43, Nr. 2 (15.12.2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2018-2-005.

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Weld cladding or weld overlay is a frequently used method for repair welding of damaged surfaces and for production of different surface coatings. The conventional coated electrodes have a circular cross-section. In order to increase the productivity and to decrease dilution and the depth of the heat affected zone (HAZ), the geometry of the electrode core was modified. Experimental weld cladding was carried out with rutile coated electrodes of rectangular cross-sections of 12.56×1 mm2, and for reference, also with a conventional φ 4 mm electrode Rutilen 2000 S. The coating of rectangular electrodes was identical and the core material almost identical to the materials of the standard electrode. The base material was the structural steel 355JR. The goal of investigation was to determine the welding parameters for the rectangular electrodes and to compare geometries and mechanical properties of the welds. Hardness and the dimensions of weld metal and HAZ were measured. Results with the 6.28×2 mm 2 and 6.28×2 mm electrode were similar to the results with the standard electrode. However, with the 12.56×1 mm2 rectangular electrode, significantly lower currents were sufficient to obtain a good quality of the deposition layer. Due to possibility to weld with currents as low as 80-100 A, shallower and smaller HAZs and less dilution can be achieved with the rectangular 12.56×1 mm2 electrode than with standard cylindrical φ 4 mm electrode.

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40

Ostetto, Liana, Romain Sousa, Hugo Rodrigues und Paulo Fernandes. „Assessment of the Seismic Behavior of a Precast Reinforced Concrete Industrial Building with the Presence of Horizontal Cladding Panels“. Buildings 11, Nr. 9 (07.09.2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090400.

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The latest earthquakes in Europe exposed some critical problems in the connections of cladding panels in industrial precast reinforced concrete (PRC) structures. These connections did not perform as desired, causing the panels to fall, leading to significant nonstructural damage that resulted in the loss of human life and significant socio-economic impacts due to the interruption of business. Furthermore, in addition to the behavior of the cladding system itself, it is still not clear to what extent it can influence the overall seismic performance of the main structure. Making use of a simplified macroelement, the present study assesses the seismic performance of commonly employed cladding-to-structure connections, as well as the interaction of cladding panels with industrial PRC buildings. The analyses were carried out considering a PRC building representative of a Portuguese industrial park, studied with and without cladding panels. The seismic behavior of the structure was assessed considering both nonlinear static and dynamic procedures.

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41

Murzakov, M., V. Petrovskiy, V. Birukov, P. Dzhumaev, V. Polski, Y. Markushov und D. Bykovskiy. „Structure Formation and Properties of Weld Overlay Produced by Laser Cladding under the Influence of Nanoparticles of High-melting Compounds“. Physics Procedia 71 (2015): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.08.372.

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42

Takeuchi, T., Y. Kakubo, Y. Matsukawa, Y. Nozawa, Y. Nagai, Y. Nishiyama, J. Katsuyama, K. Onizawa und M. Suzuki. „Effect of neutron irradiation on the microstructure of the stainless steel electroslag weld overlay cladding of nuclear reactor pressure vessels“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 443, Nr. 1-3 (November 2013): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.07.035.

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43

NAGAMATSU, Hideaki, und Hiroyuki SASAHARA. „Double-weld-overlay cladding to make an undiluted surface on cylindrical-outer layer using stainless steel and Ni-based wire“. Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2019.13 (2019): C12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2019.13.c12.

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44

Thiagarajan, Thinesh Babu, und Sengottuvel Ponnusamy. „Process Variable Optimization of Cold Metal Transfer Technique in Cladding of Stellite-6 on AISI 316 L Alloy Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)“. Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 45, Nr. 4 (31.08.2021): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.450406.

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In this work, an attempt was made to identify the optimised parameter combination in cold metal transfer (CMT) cladding process of AISI 316 L austenitic stainless steel. cladding process was carried out using stellite 6 filler wire. Experiments were carried out based on L31 central composite design (CCD). Cladding was done with current, Voltage, torch angle and travel speed as input parameters. Quality of the clad was analysed by measuring depth of penetration, weld area, hardness of the clad surface, corrosion rate and clad interface thickness. Grey relation analysis was used to identify the optimised parameter combination. Trial number 18 was identified as the optimised parameter combination. The optimised input parameters are Welding Current 200 Amps, Voltage 19 V, Torch Angle 70⁰ and Welding Speed 150 m/min. ANOVA was used to identify the most influencing parameters on the overall multi-objective function and it was understood that the combined effect of torch angle, travel speed had a significant influence on the clad quality. Further investigation was carried out through an optimised set of parameters. The cladding experiment was conducted and their surface was investigated through clad profile, hardness of the cladded area, interface thickness of cladding region and corrosion rate.

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Takeuchi, T., Y. Kakubo, Y. Matsukawa, Y. Nozawa, T. Toyama, Y. Nagai, Y. Nishiyama et al. „Effects of thermal aging on microstructure and hardness of stainless steel weld-overlay claddings of nuclear reactor pressure vessels“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 452, Nr. 1-3 (September 2014): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.04.003.

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Takeuchi, T., J. Kameda, Y. Nagai, T. Toyama, Y. Nishiyama und K. Onizawa. „Study on microstructural changes in thermally-aged stainless steel weld-overlay cladding of nuclear reactor pressure vessels by atom probe tomography“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 415, Nr. 2 (August 2011): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.004.

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P. D. de Araujo, Fabio, Fernando B. Mainier und Brígida B. de Almeida. „EVALUATION OF Ni-Cr-Mo ALLOY APPLIED BY WELD OVERLAY CLADDING ON CARBON STEEL FOR USE IN NaCl 3.5% MASS SOLUTION“. Proceedings on Engineering Sciences 3, Nr. 3 (17.08.2021): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/pes03.03.011.

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Fujita, Yoshihiro, Kazuyoshi Saida und Kazutoshi Nishimoto. „Laser Epitaxial Cladding of Ni-Base Single Crystal Superalloy“. Materials Science Forum 580-582 (Juni 2008): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.67.

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Microstructure and crystallographic orientation in the overlay weld metal have been investigated using Ni-base single crystal superalloy CMSX-4. Laser power, laser scanning speed and wire feeding speed were varied. The microstructure and crystal orientation were analyzed by microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction pattern. Microstructural observation revealed that the overlay weld metal grew epitaxially on the substrate and stray crystal tended to be formed at the conditions of high power and high Vf/Vw (Vf: Wire feeding speed, Vw: Laser scanning speed). In addition, solidification morphology, dendrite growth direction and single-crystallized condition were evaluated by combining solidification model to heat conduction model. These predicted results agreed qualitatively with the experimental ones. Based on the above results, the singlecrystallized cladding with ten passes could be achieved.

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Cao, X. Y., X. F. Ding, Y. H. Lu, P. Zhu und T. Shoji. „Influences of Cr content and PWHT on microstructure and oxidation behavior of stainless steel weld overlay cladding materials in high temperature water“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 467 (Dezember 2015): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.09.015.

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Qin, Mu, Guangxu Cheng, Qing Li und Jianxiao Zhang. „Evolution of Welding Residual Stresses within Cladding and Substrate during Electroslag Strip Cladding“. Materials 13, Nr. 18 (17.09.2020): 4126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184126.

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Hydrogenation reactors are important oil-refining equipment that operate in high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen environments and are commonly composed of 2.25Cr–1Mo–0.25V steel. For a hydrogenation reactor with a plate-welding structure, the processes and effects of welding residual stress (WRS) are very complicated due to the complexity of the welding structure. These complex welding residual stress distributions affect the service life of the equipment. This study investigates the evolution of welding residual stress during weld-overlay cladding for hydrogenation reactors using the finite element method (FEM). A blind hole method is applied to verify the proposed model. Unlike the classical model, WRS distribution in a cladding/substrate system in this study was found to be divided into three regions: the cladding layer, the stress-affected layer (SAL), and the substrate in this study. The SAL is defined as region coupling affected by the stresses of the cladding layer and substrate at the same time. The evolution of residual stress in these three regions was thoroughly analyzed in three steps with respect to the plastic-strain state of the SAL. Residual stress was rapidly generated in Stage 1, reaching about −440 MPa compression stress in the SAL region at the end of this stage after 2.5 s. After cooling for 154 s, at the end of Stage 2, the WRS distribution was fundamentally shaped except for in the cladding layer. The interface between the cladding layer and substrate is the most heavily damaged region due to the severe stress gradient and drastic change in WRS during the welding process. The effects of substrate thickness and preheat temperature were evaluated. The final WRS in the cladding layer first increased with the increase in substrate thickness, and then started to decline when substrate thickness reached a large-enough value. WRS magnitudes in the substrate and SAL decreased with the increase in preheat temperature and substrate thickness. Compressive WRS in the cladding layer, on the other hand, increased with the increase in preheat temperature.

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