Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Weak sign“

Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an

Wählen Sie eine Art der Quelle aus:

Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Weak sign" bekannt.

Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.

Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Weak sign"

1

Paindaveine, Davy, Julien Remy und Thomas Verdebout. „Sign tests for weak principal directions“. Bernoulli 26, Nr. 4 (November 2020): 2987–3016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/20-bej1213.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
2

Dencker, Tobias, Pablo Klinkisch, Stefan M. Maul und Björn Ommer. „Deep learning of cuneiform sign detection with weak supervision using transliteration alignment“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 12 (16.12.2020): e0243039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243039.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
The cuneiform script provides a glimpse into our ancient history. However, reading age-old clay tablets is time-consuming and requires years of training. To simplify this process, we propose a deep-learning based sign detector that locates and classifies cuneiform signs in images of clay tablets. Deep learning requires large amounts of training data in the form of bounding boxes around cuneiform signs, which are not readily available and costly to obtain in the case of cuneiform script. To tackle this problem, we make use of existing transliterations, a sign-by-sign representation of the tablet content in Latin script. Since these do not provide sign localization, we propose a weakly supervised approach: We align tablet images with their corresponding transliterations to localize the transliterated signs in the tablet image, before using these localized signs in place of annotations to re-train the sign detector. A better sign detector in turn boosts the quality of the alignments. We combine these steps in an iterative process that enables training a cuneiform sign detector from transliterations only. While our method works weakly supervised, a small number of annotations further boost the performance of the cuneiform sign detector which we evaluate on a large collection of clay tablets from the Neo-Assyrian period. To enable experts to directly apply the sign detector in their study of cuneiform texts, we additionally provide a web application for the analysis of clay tablets with a trained cuneiform sign detector.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
3

Li, Qiong, und Hai Ning Zhang. „Protein Adsorption on Surface-Attached Weak Polyelectrolyte Layers“. Advanced Materials Research 621 (Dezember 2012): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.93.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Fibrinogen adsorption onto surface-attached poly(methacrylic acid) monolayers and poly(methacrylic acid)/polyethyleneimine bilayers has been investigated. The adsorbed amount of fibrinogen was found to be dependant on the charge sign of the topmost layer because of electrostatic interactions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
4

Sáfár, Anna, und Vadim Kimmelman. „Weak hand holds in two sign languages and two genres“. Sign Language and Linguistics 18, Nr. 2 (31.12.2015): 205–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.18.2.02saf.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
In this paper, we provide a quantitative analysis of weak hand holds based on corpus data. We include both a cross-linguistic analysis of these holds in narrative data from Russian Sign Language (RSL) and Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT), and a language-internal, cross-genre analysis comparing NGT narrative and conversational data. We classified the functions of all holds found in two corpora of RSL and NGT, and analyzed their formal characteristics. We found that holds in RSL and NGT have similar functions. However, holds are significantly more frequent in RSL than in NGT. In addition, we found that the distribution of holds across different functions varies between different genres in NGT. The similarities between RSL and NGT in the domain of holds may be attributed to modality effects. The differences in frequency of holds ask for a language-specific explanation, and we discuss several possible scenarios.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
5

ARONOV, A. G., und A. B. RAPOROT. „HALL EFFECT IN SUPERCONDUCTORS ABOVE Tc“. Modern Physics Letters B 06, Nr. 16n17 (Juli 1992): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984992001939.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
We consider the Aslamazov-Larkin term in the Hall conductivity near Tc, and find that the sign of this term is determined by ∂Tc/∂μ, where μ is Fermi level. We show that the AL term cannot explain the sign change of the Hall conductivity in high temperature superconductors. We also show that weak damping helicon waves exist in classical weak magnetic field due to the very strong increasing of AL term near Tc.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
6

Zhang, Zhen, und Fang Liu. „Application of Wavelet Analysis Technique in the Life Sign Detection below Solid Material“. Advanced Materials Research 534 (Juni 2012): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.114.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
In life sign detection below solid material, radar echo signal is very weak and hard to extract. For solve this problem, weak life signal de-noising based on wavelet transform is studied. Through the studies of wavelet threshold de-noising method, the use of it in weak life signal de-noising in strong noise background, and the verification of simulation by Matlab, the results shows that wavelet threshold de-noising method can remove the noise signal from weak life signal effectively and be an effective de-noising and extraction method for weak life signal.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
7

Xu, Jiafa, Zhongli Wei und Wei Dong. „Weak solutions for a fractionalp-Laplacian equation with sign-changing potential“. Complex Variables and Elliptic Equations 61, Nr. 2 (28.08.2015): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17476933.2015.1076808.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
8

Dmitrienko, V. E., E. N. Ovchinnikova, J. Kokubun und K. Ishida. „Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction: How to measure its sign in weak ferromagnets?“ JETP Letters 92, Nr. 6 (September 2010): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364010180050.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
9

Guan, Donghai, Tingting Wang, Weiwei Yuan, Lejun Zhang, Yuan Tian, Mohammed Al-Dhelaan und Abdullah Al-Dhelaan. „SWNF: Sign Prediction of Weak Ties Based on the Network Features“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 102054–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928438.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
10

Nikolaichik, V. I., und I. I. Khodos. „Determination of the Sign of a Dissociated Dislocation in Weak Beam“. physica status solidi (a) 98, Nr. 1 (16.11.1986): K19—K21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210980142.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Weak sign"

1

Reunkrilerk, Dorian. „La force du signal faible : rôle des médias pour l’intégration du design au sein des organisations : une contribution sémio-pragmatique de la médiation au design“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT014.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Le développement des organisations se réalise aujourd'hui par un recours intensif au projet innovant et aux méthodes réplicables du design thinking dont une partie de la littérature pointe le caractère non situé. Cette thèse vise à comprendre les conditions favorisant une intégration située du design dans les organisations. A la croisée des sciences du Design et les sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, il apparaît que le concept de médiation permet de considérer les « médias » comme la possibilité matérielle, sensible, et symbolique d'ouvrir à des transformations. Cette recherche a été réalisée au sein d'un centre R&D de l'industrie de la métallurgie. Au terme de cette immersion, nous proposons une approche basée sur la notion de « signe faible », consistant à identifier ce qui, au sein d'une organisation fondée sur la conception réglée, peut donner lieu à des pratiques de design. Il ne s'agit alors pas d'opposer les pratiques mais de comprendre comment elles peuvent se compléter. Afin de détailler cette notion, nous présentons les trois étapes dans le traitement d'un signe faible : l'identification, l'augmentation et l'appropriation. Cette approche de la médiation affirme que le potentiel de transformation d'une organisation réside déjà au sein de son infrastructure et qu'il correspond à des signes faibles d'une pratique de design. Elle enrichit l'approche centrée « média » du design en définissant cette activité à partir des médias et des médiations qui la constituent. Enfin, elle permet d'ouvrir une réflexion sur le rôle de la médiation dans l'acte de design favorisant un rapport inventif au système de classifications d'un praticien
The development of organizations is fulfilled by an intensive use of innovative projects and replicable methods of design thinking, of which part of the literature points out the non-situated approach. This thesis aims at understanding the conditions leading to a situated integration of design in organizations. At the crossroads of Design sciences and Information and Communication sciences, it appears that the concept of mediation can help us to consider "media" as the material, sensitive and symbolic possibility of opening up to transformations. This research was conducted within an R&D center in the metallurgy industry. At the end of this immersion, we are proposing an approach based on the notion of "weak sign", consisting in identifying what, within an organization based on systematic design, can give rise to design practices. Therefore, it is not about opposing these practices but rather to understand how they can complement each other. In order to develop this notion, we will present the three stages to process a weak sign: identifying, enhancing and assimilating. This approach affirms that potential for transformation already resides within an organization's infrastructure and corresponds to weak signs in design practices. It enriches the “media” centered approach to design by helping to define this activity as based on media and mediations. Finally, it makes it possible to initiate a reflection on the role of mediation in the act of design supporting an inventive relation to the system of classifications of a practitioner
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
2

Mirbashiri, Clara, und Linnea Möller. „The Power of Signs : How Recommendation Signs Affect Consumer Behavior at Supermarkets“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172271.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Background/Problematization: Many purchase decisions are made in-store and one wayof influencing the decision making process is through signs. Signs are said to drawattention to the product on which they are placed and result in increased sales. Sale signsare widely used to influence purchase decisions, but are there other types of signs that canimpact the purchase decision? Recommendations have also shown to affect consumer’spurchase decisions. However, most of the research within the subject have been done on thepower of social influences from friends and family, e.g. strong-tie relationships. Howrecommendations from experts (e.g. weak-tie relationships) can influence purchases is lessresearched, especially which type of recommendation sign have the most effect. Purpose: The purpose is to examine and map how different types of signs on shelvesrelated to staff recommendations for specific products affect their sales. Method: The scientific approach of the study is deductive and the corresponding researchmethod is a quantitative study with an experimental design and a descriptive focus. Anexperiment was executed in a supermarket on 28 products to test stimuli with differentlevels of information concerning staff recommendations with the use of signs. Result/Conclusion: The result showed only one stimuli to have significantly increasedsales. The stimuli consisted of adding a name of a specific staff member to therecommendation sign. The increase in sales might however have been caused by otherfactors than the applied sign as the outbreak of Covid-19 resulted in changed consumerbehavior at the time of the experiment. The results showed that no significant differences insales could be seen according to the number of alternatives each product had. This mighthowever be a result of the tampered data caused by the changed consumer behavior.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
3

Pǎnoiu, Andrei [Verfasser]. „Die Kirche der Finsternis : die Erlösbarkeit der Vorchristen und der Sinn der Geschichte im Werk des Hl. Clemens Alexandrinus / Andrei Pănoiu“. Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/102512619X/34.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
4

Marais, Sarel Johannes Lodewikus. „Die koninkryk van God as sistematies-teologiese kategorie in die werk van JA Heyns (Afrikaans)“. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25347.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Johan Adam Heyns is probably the most productive and noteworthy Afrikaans theologian of the twentieth century, born in South Africa. He was a real pioneer in his field. It is a well known fact that the kingdom of God played a vital role in all of his work. In fact, he used it as a systematic-theological category, which flows like a perennial river of opportunity, consistently through all of his writings. It gave him the opportunity to be consistent in both his systematic theology and in his ethics. Heyns used the kingdom of God as a systematic-theological category to show clearly how man and God can be co-workers in this world in a dialogical relationship. This relationship, of which God is the initiator, are characterised by the covenant between God, the Father-King, and man, the obedient child-servant. He also used the opportunity to integrate his love for philosophy with his love for theology. This integration opened up a wide spectrum of thoughts, ideas and meanings which he could scientifically analyze, explore, connect and merge together systematically. His contact with Stoker and their shared Calvinistic worldview as well as their shared Afrikaans culture and Christian religion, together with the influence of amongst others Du Toit and Snyman, Oberholzer, Vollenhoven, Barth, Brunner and Berkouwer, laid the foundation for his frame of reference. Unfortunately there was philosophical flooding from time to time, because it caused him to fill the kingdom of God with philosophical concepts which allowed him to think of the kingdom of God as an ontological cosmic-universal entity. His philosophical background and connection also leads to some inadequate speculations in his theology and especially in his eschatology. Inadmissibly he didn’t always use the Bible appropriately, although his doctrine of Scripture and hermeneutics were satisfactory. Heyns could have explored the important part which prayer must play in theology more thoroughly. But he did pioneer’s work in Dogmatics and Ethics in Afrikaans and as an ecumenist and church leader, which we must really appreciate. Lastly his philosophical modus operandi also had a positive side. It helped him to differentiate between important theological concepts. Heyns distinguished between the rule of God and the kingdom of God, as well as between the realisation of the kingdom of God and the eschatological fulfilment of God’s kingdom. These differentiations were tested on some theological problems, including the question whether the kingdom of God is really an ontological entity, the Theodicy problem and the “Nah-erwartung” problem. It was found that these differentiations, when used consistently, have valuable theological problem solving abilities. Although Heyns perhaps didn’t realise this, and he weren’t consistent in the use of these differentiations, he must be credited for identifying and clarifying them.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Dogmatics and Christian Ethics
unrestricted
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
5

Rigaud, Solange. „" La parure : traceur de la géographie culturelle et des dynamiques de peuplement au passage Mésolithique-Néolithique en Europe "“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668694.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
De nombreux scenarii, incluant une variété de processus culturels et populationnels, ont été proposés pour décrire le phénomène de néolithisation en Europe. Le travail mené consiste à discuter ces processus, à travers une analyse diachronique des objets de parure utilisés par les communautés de chasseurs-cueilleurs et d'agriculteurs européens impliqués dans ces changements. La première partie du travail a consisté en l'analyse de 4 177 objets de parure, combinant des analyses morphométriques, technologiques et tracéologiques. Le matériel provient des séries archéologiques attribuées au Mésolithique final de Braña-Arintero (Espagne), de Hohlenstein-Stadel, Groβe Ofnet (Allemange) et des premières phases du Néolithique ancien de Essenbach-Ammerbreite (Allemagne). Les axes de travail développés à l'échelle régionale au cours de l'analyse du matériel ont ensuite été testés à l'échelle continentale à travers la constitution et l'analyse spatiale et statistique (analyses de voisinage, d'ordination, calculs de densité de Kernel et interpolations Spline) d'une base de données des éléments de parure recensés sur 1 022 unités stratigraphiques appartenant à 408 gisements attribués au Mésolithique et au Néolithique ancien en Europe. Les résultats obtenus ont été croisés et discutés dans une synthèse développée à l'échelle du continent européen. Il apparait que certains types d'ornements ont une fonction forte de marqueur identitaire territorial, alors que d'autres signent des échanges inter-régionaux et une diffusion des pratiques à une large échelle géographique. Il ressort également que les pratiques ornementales néolithiques semblent se construire sur un substrat mésolithique, à l'exclusion du Bassin égéen, où une discontinuité dans les pratiques ornementales mésolithiques et néolithiques semble exister. Cette participation active du substrat mésolithique dans l'évolution des pratiques ornementales a favorisé une régionalisation de celles-ci entre le Mésolithique et le Néolithique ancien. Parallèlement à cette variabilité régionale, un phénomène de " globalisation " des pratiques néolithiques s'observe à travers l'ensemble du territoire européen, par la présence de certains types d'ornements sur l'ensemble du continent, tout le long du Néolithique ancien. Cette globalisation des pratiques ornementales participe à une recomposition partielle de la géographie culturelle proposée pour le Mésolithique dans notre analyse. La variabilité ornementale régionale accrue à la fin du Néolithique ancien témoignerait d'une stabilisation territoriale de groupes, s'affranchissant partiellement des normes stylistiques des premières phases du Néolithique, tout en maintenant une partie de leur identité héritée des chasseurs-cueilleurs, enrichie par l'émergence de nouvelles pratiques. Nos résultats proposent ainsi qu'une mosaïque de processus culturels et populationnels aient été mis en œuvre au cours de la néolithisation européenne.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
6

Ross, Dian Marie. „On designing coarse grain reconfigurable arrays to operate in weak inversion“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4362.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) support the reconfigurable computing paradigm by providing an integrated circuit hardware platform that facilitates software like reconfigurability. The addition of an embedded microprocessor and peripherals to traditional FPGA Combinational Logic Blocks (CLBs) interleaved with interconnections has effectively resulted in a programmable system on-chip. FPGAs are used to support flexible implementations of Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) functions. Because FPGAs are reconfigurable, they often are used in place of ASICs during the cicuit design process. FPGAs are also used when only a small number of ICs are required: ASICs necessitate large manufacturing runs to be economically viable; for smaller runs the use of FPGAs is an economic alternative. Application domains of interest, such as intelligent guidance systems, medical devices, and sensors, often require low power, inexpensive calculation of trance- dental functions. COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) is an iterative algorithm used to emmulate hardware expensive multipliers, such as Multiply/ACculmulate (MAC) units, with only shift and add operations. However, because CORDIC is a sequential algorithm, characterized as having the latency of a serial multiplier, techniques that speed up computational performance have many applications.To this end, three implementations of standard CORDIC, (i) unrolled hardwired, (ii) unrolled programmable, and (iii) rolled programmable, were implemented on four Xilinx FPGA families: Virtex-4, -5, and -6, and Spartan-6. Although hardwired unrolled was found to have the greatest speed at the expense of no runtime flexibility, and rolled programmable was found to have the greatest flexibility and lowest silicon area consumption at the expense of the longest propagation delay, improvements to CORDIC implementations were still sought. Three parallelized CORDIC techniques, P-CORDIC, Flat-CORDIC, and Para-CORDIC, were implemented on the same four FPGA families. P-CORDIC and Flat-CORDIC, were shown to have the lowest latency under various conditions; Para-CORDIC was found to perform well in deeply pipelined, high throughput circuits. Design rules for when to use standard versus precomputation CORDIC techniques are presented. To address the low power requirements of many applications of interest, the Unfolded Multiplexor-LRB (UMUX-LRB), patent held by Sima, et al, was analyzed in weak inversion across four transistor technology nodes (180nm, 130nm, 90nm, and 65nm). Previous was also expanded from strong inversion across 180nm, 130nm, and 90nm technology nodes to also include 65nm. The UMUX-LRB interconnection network is based upon the Xilinx commercial interconnection network. Therefore, this network (MUX-LRB), and another static circuit technique, CMOS-Transmission Gates (CMOS-TG), were profiled across all four technology nodes to provide a baseline of comparision. This analysis found the UMUX-LRB to have the smallest and most balanced rising and falling edge propagation delay, in addition to having the greatest reliability for temperature and process variation.
Graduate
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
7

Wu, Ming-Jhang, und 吳明璋. „The effect of thermal treatment on the nano-wear properties of SiGe epilayers“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34503960566676174524.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
博士
國立交通大學
機械工程學系
100
Silicon germanium (SiGe) has become an attractive semiconductor material in recent years because of its outstanding behaviors. However, due to lattice mismatch between Ge and Si, several phenomena may be occurred in their growth and post-treatment including roughed surface, interdiffusion, and partial strain relaxation of SiGe epilayers. Thus, the relation between strain relaxation and wear behavior on the post-thermal treated SiGe epilayers was investigated through nano-scratch technique. Firstly, ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD) was employed to deposit SiGe epilayers on the Si substrate with different thickness (300, 500nm, and superlattices structure). From X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, a good epitaxial quality of SiGe epilayers were obtained. It is difficult to access both the propagation of the dislocation and thermal reliability of annealed SiGe epilayers. It is suggested that the lager the thickness of the films was, the more unstable the structure exhibited. In addition, the SiGe epilayers with different annealed conditions exhibited the increase in lateral forces, indicating the higher wear resistance in annealed SiGe epilayers. Besides, Si/SiGe superlattice exhibited enhanced elastic modulus compared with single films. Subsequent thermal treatment and nanoindentation, nanoscratch analyses, found that the hardness and elastic modulus were increased with increasing thermal treatment temperature. It was suggested that SiGe superlattice structure could enhance the structure strength and make them more resistant to wear deformation by post annealing heat treatment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Bücher zum Thema "Weak sign"

1

ill, Bauer Stephanie, Hrsg. Wear a silly hat: Sign language for clothing. Edina, Minn: Magic Wagon, 2009.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
2

Die Schulproblematik in Luise Rinsers literarischem Werk. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1991.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
3

Friedrich, Jakob, Hrsg. Die Valeria Orgel: Ein gotisches Werk in der Burgkirche zu Sitten/Sion. Zürich: Verlag der Fachvereine, 1991.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
4

Cieszkowski, Marek. Zeichen und Zeichenrelationen: Beispielhaft dargestellt an Tier-Textemen aus Friedrich Nietzsches Werk "Also sprach Zarathustra" : eine kritische Bewertung semantischer Theorien. Bydgoszcz: Akademia Bydgoska, 2001.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
5

1952-, Sperling Thomas, und Hagn Herbert, Hrsg. Carl Wilhelm von Gümbel (1823-1898): Leben und Werk des bedeutendsten Geologen Bayerns. München: F. Pfeil, 2001.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
6

Nederland, Vereniging Bewegwijzering, Hrsg. Bewegwijzering in Nederland: Een overzicht van leden van de Vereniging Bewegwijzering Nederland VBN en hun werk = Dutch sign design : a survey of members of the Netherlands Sign Design Society VBN and their work. Amsterdam: BIS, 1995.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
7

Warden, Michael. Revelation: Unlocking its secrets : a 4-week adult curriculum course on understanding the signs of the end times. Loveland, Colo: Group, 1993.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
8

O'Neill, Hugh. Daddy cool: How to ride a seesaw with dignity, wear a Donald Duck hat with style, and sing "Bingo was his name-o" with panache. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1988.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
9

stephen, alice. Charlotte Bronte Lined Notebook Journal. Crying Does Not Indicate That You Are Weak . since Birth It Has Been a Sign That You Are Alive: Poetry Notebook Gift. Independently Published, 2020.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
10

Samina, Guest Book. Be Strong When You Are Weak Be Brave When You Are Scared Be Humble When You Are Victorious Be Badass Everyday Guest Book: Military Party Guest Book for Family and Friends to Sign In. Independently Published, 2019.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Buchteile zum Thema "Weak sign"

1

He, Kangya, Donghai Guan und Weiwei Yuan. „Community Preserving Sign Prediction for Weak Ties of Complex Networks“. In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 13–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78078-8_2.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
2

Rodríguez-Moreno, Itsaso, José María Martínez-Otzeta und Basilio Sierra. „A Hierarchical Approach for Spanish Sign Language Recognition: From Weak Classification to Robust Recognition System“. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 37–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16072-1_3.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
3

Fertig, David. „Sound change, analogy, and urban koineization in the regularization of verbs in late fourteenth-century English“. In Investigating West Germanic Languages, 80–106. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sigl.8.06fer.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
This paper presents a detailed comparison of certain verb forms in Sir Firumbras, a text produced in a relatively remote part of southwestern England around 1380, with those found in texts produced in the London area around the same time. The forms in question reflect a collapse in some dialects of earlier present-tense distinctions between strong verbs and the largest class of weak verbs. This collapse is commonly assumed to have affected southern English in general but the evidence presented here suggests that it may initially have been characteristic only of urban regions with an influx of migrants from other parts of the country.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
4

Kittstein, Ulrich. „Poetische Sinn-Bilder: Buckower Elegien“. In Das lyrische Werk Bertolt Brechts, 314–40. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05340-4_15.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
5

Schuurs, Albert. „Tooth wear and Other Signs of Ageing“. In Pathology of the Hard Dental Tissues, 191–209. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118702659.ch8.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
6

Jacobsen, Håkon, Simona Samardjiska und Danilo Gligoroski. „On the Strong and Weak Keys in MQQ-SIG“. In ICT Innovations 2012, 183–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37169-1_18.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
7

Hart, Matthew J., und Daniel J. Hill. „Passages from the New Testament“. In Does God Intend that Sin Occur?, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06570-5_7.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
AbstractThis chapter analyses in depth a number of passages from the New Testament: Acts 2:23 and Acts 4:27–28, Romans 9:21–24, Romans 11:25–32, Galatians 3:19–22, 2 Thessalonians 2:11–12, 2 Peter 2:12, Revelation 17:16–17, and Revelation 22:10–11. For each passage, the chapter considers the amount of evidence (strong, moderate, or weak) that it provides for the book’s thesis, that God intends that sin occur. Also, for each passage the chapter considers alternative interpretations, interpretations on which God does not intend that sin occur. These interpretations are the substratum interpretation, the Kammian interpretation, and the combined substratum–Kammian interpretation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
8

Hart, Matthew J., und Daniel J. Hill. „Passages from the Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures)“. In Does God Intend that Sin Occur?, 57–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06570-5_6.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
AbstractThis chapter analyses in depth a number of passages from the Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures): Genesis 50:20, Exodus 4:21, Deuteronomy 2:26–30, Joshua 11:18–20, Judges 14:3–4, 1 Samuel 2:22–25, 2 Samuel 24:9–14, 1 Kings 22:19–23, Job 1:9–22, Psalm 105:25, Proverbs 16:4, Isaiah 6:9–10, and Ezekiel 20:25–26. For each passage, the chapter considers the amount of evidence (strong, moderate, or weak) that it provides for the book’s thesis, that God intends that sin occur. Also, for each passage the chapter considers alternative interpretations, interpretations on which God does not intend that sin occur. These interpretations are the substratum interpretation, the Kammian interpretation, and the combined substratum–Kammian interpretation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
9

Teruel, Pedro Jesús. „Epistemologischer Sinn, biologische Funktion und naturalistische Deutung des Traums im Werk Kants“. In Natur und Freiheit, herausgegeben von Violetta L. Waibel, Margit Ruffing und David Wagner, 2751–60. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110467888-275.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
10

Zhao, Yu, Yongfa Zhang und Pengfei He. „Formation of Complex Networks“. In Hydraulic Fracturing and Rock Mechanics, 231–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2540-7_9.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
AbstractWhen a hydraulic fracture interacts with multiple natural fractures (such as bedding planes, faults, weak interlayers, and formation interfaces) in the formation, arrests, bifurcations, crossings, and openings may occur, contributing to forming a complex fracture network (referred as CFN). Shale differs from other types of rocks due to its apparent bedding anisotropy, making it easier to form complex fracture networks during hydraulic fracturing. A mass of field hydraulic fracturing data and laboratory studies have confirmed that the hydraulic fractures generated in shale reservoirs are not bi-wing planar fractures in homogeneous media, but multi-dimensional, asymmetric, and non-planar complex hydraulic fractures (as shown in Fig. 9.1) (Liu et al. in Guti Lixue Xuebao/Acta Mech Solida Sin 37:34–49, 2016; Xiao in Research of hydraulic fracturing dynamic propagation in fractured reservoirs, 2014; Guo and Wang in J Eng Geol 26:118–128, 2016).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Weak sign"

1

Kastner, Robert, Thomas Michalke, Thomas Burbach, Jannik Fritsch und Christian Goerick. „Attention-based traffic sign recognition with an array of weak classifiers“. In 2010 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2010.5548143.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
2

Sun, Kewen. „A Differential Strategy for GNSS Weak Signals Acquisition in Presence of Bit Sign Transitions“. In 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2010.5600711.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
3

Deng, Qiwen, Jialiang Le, Saeed Barbat, Renran Tian und Yaobin Chen. „Efficient living subject localization and weak vital-sign signal enhancement using impulse radio based UWB radar“. In 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2019.8814004.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
4

Cairns, Brian, und John T. Foley. „Contribution of the second-order Born approximation to the scattered intensity from random media in various geometries“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuff5.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Weak scattering is usually analyzed by the use of the first-order Born approximation. We show that, when the scattering potential is a zero-mean, real random process, a calculation of the scattered intensity with the first-order Born approximation may give inaccurate results. This is so because, in some instances, the second-order Born approximation makes a contribution which is of the same magnitude, but of opposite sign, that of the first-order Born approximation. We will provide various examples and will discuss the relationship of this result to energy conservation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
5

LV, WEN-TAO, CHENG-HUI ZHU, XIANG-WEN MENG und HUI ZHI. „THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CUPPING THERAPY INTERVENING THE RABBIT MODEL OF COLD STAGNATION LEADING TO BLOOD STASIS SYNDROME BASED ON THE BIOCHEMICAL CRITERION“. In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35719.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Objective: Explore the partial mechanisms of cupping therapy by means of the cellular factors in the peripheral blood cells; methods: Replicate the rabbit model of cold stagnation leading to blood stasis by adopting the cold stimulation and randomly dividing 12 rabbits to three groups based on the weight. Observe the sign of the rabbits before and after cupping test, the content of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF)in the peripheral blood; Results: After replicated the model, the model group and the treatment group gradually appeared the sign of cold stagnation leading to blood stasis. After cupping treatment, the sign of cold stagnation leading to blood stasis of the rabbits gradually disappeared. Compared with the blank controlled group and the model group at the same time, the epidermal growth factor (EGF)in the peripheral blood of the treatment group was much higher after cupping and was statistically difference (p<0.05); Conclusion: The rabbit model of cold stagnation leading to blood stasis could be successfully replicated by the cold irritation; Cupping therapy could produce benign physical stimulation to the local skin through the expression of the cell factors, which might generate continuous weak stimulation, expand and improve the capillaries, thus formed the cascade reaction, and affected the entire microcirculation. Therefore this might be one of the mechanisms of “dredging collaterals”, effect that cupping therapy produced.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
6

Khoo, I. C., und T. H. Liu. „Beam amplification via dynamic wave mixings in liquid crystal film“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fw9.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
We present the first observation of two-wave mixing using the moving grating technique that has recently been studied widely by Huignard et al. in BSO crystals. We have observed a more than 100% gain in a weak probe beam using a pump beam intensity of the order of a few watts/cm2 in a 100-μm thick nematic liquid crystal film. The gain experienced by the probe beam is very sensitive to the frequency shift of the probe beam (created by translating the beam at a rate of ~1 wavelength/s), to the crossing angle of the two beams, to the thickness of the sample and the sign of the frequency shift. We have developed a detailed theory for the dynamics of the grating formation and the magnitude of the probe beam gain vs the physical parameters mentioned above. Experimental results are found to be In good agreement with theory.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
7

Robert, F., P. Besnard, G. M. Stéphan, P. Paddon, A. D. May und D. Vakshoori. „Control of the polarization state of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser using polarized feedback“. In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cthi82.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Switching techniques with coherent optical sources are a challenge for telecommunications. One technique is to control the polarization eigenstate of the laser. We have examined the stability of polarized modes in quasi-isotropic laser, such as He-Ne laser at 3.39 μm1 and have proposed a general anisotropy model with applications.2 To test our calculations we have used He-Ne lasers as they are easy to construct in-house and are systems for which all the important parameters are known. For practical applications, however, it is clear that one must use more compact lasers, such as miniature solidstate lasers or semiconductor lasers. To control the polarization eigenstate of such a laser with Polarized Optical Feedback (POF), we need sources, which can run single mode and have weak anisotropies. Possible candidates that satisfy these criteria are microchip Nd:YAG lasers and Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers.3 However, the orientation of their polarization can vary from laser to laser. That could be a sign of weak anisotropy as the polarization states of quasi-isotropic lasers are highly sensitive to residual cavity anisotropies (most likely strain left during the fabrication process). Previously, we reported on the control of the polarization eigenstates of microchip YAG lasers using POF.4 Here we focus our study on adding POF in order to control the polarization eigenstate of gain-guided VCSELs. A schematic diagram of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
8

Iturbe Castillo, M. D., P. A. Márquez Aguilar, J. J. Sánchez-Mondragón, S. I. Stepanov, M. B. Klein und B. A. Wechsler. „Probe beam wave-guiding induced by spatial dark soliton in photorefractive Bi12TiO20 crystal“. In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cwf66.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Optical waveguides have produced a new wave of interest with realizing the fact that the light can be guided by light. These phenomena occur when an intense (pump) light beam propagates in an optically nonlinear medium, generating stable spatial structures called spatial soliton. Depending on the sign of non-linearity, spatial solitons can be bright or dark. The former one represents an isolate beam profile, and the latter one consists of the absence of radiation immersed in a continuous light background. Generation of dark spatial solitons can be performed by placing an amplitude or phase mask into the incident pump beam in order to produce the adequate initial condition. In particular, a 180° phase jump mask produces an odd number of dark solitons. Joined with the stability of such structures is the fact that the intensity of the beam modifies the medium itself, causing a change in the refractive index according to the intensity profile of the spatial solitons. Then another probe (weak) beam can be sent into the medium and can be guided along the soliton axes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
9

Watt, David W., und Charles M. Vest. „Digital interferometry for flow visualization in the presence of gross periodic noise“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mw8.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Digital interferometry is a hybrid optical-digital two-exposure holographic technique in which the interferogram image intensity is recorded at each of several, known, discrete phase shifts. From these image data the sign and magnitude of the interferogram phase may be evaluated to a high degree of accuracy. This technique is especially useful in flow visualization because it allows visu­alization of very weak flows and aids in understanding very complex ones. In nonreal-time digital interferometry, two references are used. Reconstruction with both references creates a high contrast fringe pattern on the hologram surface. Although this may be minimized by imaging techniques, it severely degrades the interferogram in applications requiring the object to be close to the hologram. This noise causes periodic distortion of the computed phase, in some cases completely washing out the signal. However, applying image filtering algorithms to the image data can remove the noise from heavily degraded images and allow the signal to be faithfully reconstructed. We dis cuss image filtering methods and present several experimental examples including the use of this technique with pulsed laser interferometry.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
10

Ninomiya, Yoshihiko, und Atsushi Sato. „Sintering Behavior of Coal Ash Build Up on Ceramic Filters in a Hot Gas Filtration System“. In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-127.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
To understand agglomeration phenomena of ash particles in a hot gas ceramic filter system, actual tests were carried out on candle filters with a 4MWth pressurized internally circulating fluidized bed boiler (PICFB) pilot plant. Coal ashes build up on the ceramic filters were analyzed by computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). The dust cake taken at 750°C did not show any sign of bridging or cleaning difficulty, while those at 950°C showed some difficulty in cleaning because of ash bridging between the adjacent ceramic filters. The initial deformation temperatures of the non-bridge dust were about 750 to 800°C. The index of R2O/(Al2O3+SiO2) (R2O = Na2O or K2O) for the non-bridge dust cake showed in the range of 1 to 25wt%, and the particle size of the potassium rich particles was in the range of 0.5 to 2.2μm. However, the index for the bridge cake approached to below 5% and the particle size of the potassium rich particles shifted to the larger range of 2.2 to 10μm. It was observed that weak sintering takes place by the reaction of potassium rich particles and the ash particles that adjoins the particles.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Weak sign"

1

Nugent, Stevonne, Sasha Baxter, Karl Alexander Melgarejo, Valerie Mercer-Blackman, Mariana Salazni, Musheer O. Kamau, Juan Pedro Schmid, Dillon Clarke, Chrystol Thomas und Cherran O'Brien. Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 2: Issue 3: August 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008086.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
The Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin provides economic conjunctural and structural information about this particular region. This issue highlights the real growth that remained weak during the first half of 2013 in The Bahamas, Barbados and Jamaica. On the other hand, Guyana and Suriname are expected to outperform the region with an average growth rate of 5% in 2013. There are some signs of recovery in Trinidad and Tobago, however, growth in the energy sector has not taken off yet.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
2

Schijman, Agustina, Yuri Soares, Ronald Myers und Chloe Fevre. IDB-9: Review of the IDB Institutions for Growth and Social Welfare Strategy. Inter-American Development Bank, März 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010527.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
This paper reviews the 2011 Sector Strategy on Institutions for Growth and Social Welfare (SIGS) of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank). The Strategy was produced as a requirement of the IDB-9 agreement. The review finds that the Strategy replicates a number of patterns observed in prior sector strategies. SIGS represents the first time that the Bank uses a modern definition of institutions; however, the concept of institutions is not incorporated as a guiding principle for setting priorities. Like other strategies, SIGS largely reflects the current work of the Bank, and also reflects the most common ideas and thinking of the time. This said, SIGS also emphasizes areas of work that had not been central to the Bank before, such as work with transparency and work in formalizing firms. The Strategy document itself has strengths but also a number of deficiencies. SIGS is more specific than prior strategies, although it still proposes quite a broad spectrum of activities. It contains a good diagnostic of the needs facing small and medium-sized enterprises and of innovation, although diagnostics in most other areas are relatively weak. Although SIGS maintains the IDB-9's focus on the Bank's comparative advantage, it does not analytically assess that comparative advantage, and it presents no evidence that the sectors prioritized reflect any particular operational or structural advantage of the Bank--except that they mostly represent sectors in which the Bank already works. SIGS's results framework is very poor, largely reflecting the inadequacies of the IDB-9 results framework, as applied to institutions. SIGS was not designed as an operational strategy, so it does not assess the Bank's operational capabilities to respond to the Region's needs in priority areas. SIGS has had little impact on the way the Bank works. Bank staff is generally unaware of the Strategy, and those who are aware of it do not report using it as a main input in country dialogue or project preparation. The Institutions for Development Department (IFD) is an exception: its staff do report using SIGS. However, the review of IFD's portfolio does not show clear evidence that project selection has changed in favor of SIGS priorities. IFD has produced a significant body of analytical work, which in some cases addresses institutional issues. Nonetheless, IFD's approach to implementing 'intersector alliances' has not included directly working across Bank departments to strengthen institutions broadly in the Bank's work. However, SIGS has served a useful purpose as a mechanism to reemphasize the importance of the issue of institutions for the IDB, and, to some degree, to consolidate and demarcate the areas of work within IFD.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
3

Li, Howell, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim und Darcy M. Bullock. Using Crowdsourced Vehicle Braking Data to Identify Roadway Hazards. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317272.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
Modern vehicles know more about the road conditions than transportation agencies. Enhanced vehicle data that provides information on “close calls” such as hard braking events or road conditions during winter such as wheel slips and traction control will be critical for improving safety and traffic operations. This research applied conflict analyses techniques to process approximately 1.5 million hard braking events that occurred in the state of Indiana over a period of one week in August 2019. The study looked at work zones, signalized intersections, interchanges and entry/exit ramps. Qualitative spatial frequency analysis of hard-braking events on the interstate demonstrated the ability to quickly identify temporary and long-term construction zones that warrant further investigation to improve geometry and advance warning signs. The study concludes by recommending the frequency of hard-braking events across different interstate routes to identify roadway locations that have abnormally high numbers of “close calls” for further engineering assessment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
4

Autism Resources Update. ACAMH, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.23437.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
Annotation:
This World Autism Acceptance Week (27 March to 2 April 2023), we have collated a number of FREE learning resources from leading academics, clinicians, and researchers to build upon our previous catalogue of resources for World Autism Acceptance Week 2022. We encourage you to explore the learning opportunities available on our website, sign up for our fantastic upcoming events below, and do share with your networks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen
Wir bieten Rabatte auf alle Premium-Pläne für Autoren, deren Werke in thematische Literatursammlungen aufgenommen wurden. Kontaktieren Sie uns, um einen einzigartigen Promo-Code zu erhalten!

Zur Bibliographie