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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „WE 344“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 22. Februar 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "WE 344"

Sørensen, John Dalsgaard. „Framework for risk-based planning of operation and maintenance for offshore wind turbines“. Wind Energy 12, Nr. 5 (Juli 2009): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.344.

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Boldyrev, Vladimir V. „Reactivity of solids. Where are we now?“ Annales de chimie Science des Matériaux 34, Nr. 6 (28.12.2009): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/acsm.34.337-344.

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Jeyaraju, Danny V., Rose Hurren, Xiaoming Wang, Neil MacLean, Marcela Gronda, Craig T. Jordan, Mark D. Minden, Guri Giaever und Aaron D. Schimmer. „A Novel Isoflavone, ME-344, Targets the Cytoskeleton in Acute Myeloid Leukemia“. Blood 126, Nr. 23 (03.12.2015): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3682.3682.

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Abstract The isoflavone ME-344 is a potent anti-cancer agent with preclinical efficacy in solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. In a recently completed phase I clinical trial in patients with refractory solid tumors, ME-344 was well tolerated and clinical responses in refractory patients were observed. ME-344 has been shown to reduce mitochondrial ATP generation in a tumor selective manner, though other potential activities have not been fully defined. In addition, the preclinical efficacy of ME-344 in leukemia has not been established. Therefore, we investigated the anti-leukemic properties and the mechanism of action of ME-344. We treated a panel of 7 leukemia cell lines with increasing concentrations of ME-344, and measured cell growth and viability. ME-344 was cytotoxic to the 7 leukemia cell lines with an IC50 in the range of 70-260 nM. In addition, ME-344 induced preferential death in primary AML patient samples over normal hematopoietic cells. In an OCI-AML2 xenograft model, ME-344 reduced tumor growth by up to 95% of control without evidence of toxicity. Mechanistically, as reported in studies in solid tumors, ME-344 increased mitochondrial ROS generation in leukemic cells. However, antioxidant treatment did not rescue cell death, suggesting that ME-344 has additional targets beyond the mitochondria. To identify additional targets of ME-344, we conducted haplo-insufficiency profiling in S.cerevisiae to identify genes whose heterozygous deletion confers increased sensitivity to ME-344. The top hits from the screen were genes involved in cytoskeletal organization. Therefore, we tested the effects of ME-344 on actin and tubulin polymerization in cell free assays. While ME-344 did not inhibit actin polymerization, it inhibited tubulin polymerization by interacting near the colchicine-binding site and at a site distinct from vinca alkaloids. Furthermore, cells resistant to tubulin inhibitors due to tubulin point mutations were also resistant to ME-344. Finally, we showed that ME-344 synergizes with vinblastine in leukemia cells. Thus, our study demonstrates that ME-344 displays preclinical efficacy in leukemia through a mechanism at least partly related to targeting tubulin polymerization. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Ginzburg, M. „I. The Indigestion of breast Babies II. Artificial feeding of Infants III. How shall we feed the Baby“. Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 11, Nr. 3 (22.12.2020): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd113340-344.

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Hovinga, JK, J. Schaller, H. Stricker, WA Wuillemin, M. Furlan und B. Lammle. „Coagulation factor XII Locarno: the functional defect is caused by the amino acid substitution Arg 353-->Pro leading to loss of a kallikrein cleavage site“. Blood 84, Nr. 4 (15.08.1994): 1173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.4.1173.1173.

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Abstract The dysfunctional coagulation factor XII (FXII) Locarno was purified from 2 L of the proposita's plasma. Studies to identify the molecular defect responsible for the lack of amidolytic and proteolytic activity of this FXII variant were performed. Amino acid sequence analysis of peptides obtained from FXII Locarno on activation with either trypsin or plasma kallikrein and dextran sulfate showed an amino acid substitution of Arg 353 by Pro. Thereby, the kallikrein cleavage site at Arg 353-Val 354 is lost. Although trypsin-activated FXII Locarno was fully cleaved at Arg 334-Asn 335 and at Arg 343-Leu 344, neither amidolytic nor proteolytic activity was generated. We conclude that proteolytic cleavage at Arg 343 in the absence of cleavage at Arg 353 is not sufficient to expose the enzymatic active site in FXII Locarno.

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The dysfunctional coagulation factor XII (FXII) Locarno was purified from 2 L of the proposita's plasma. Studies to identify the molecular defect responsible for the lack of amidolytic and proteolytic activity of this FXII variant were performed. Amino acid sequence analysis of peptides obtained from FXII Locarno on activation with either trypsin or plasma kallikrein and dextran sulfate showed an amino acid substitution of Arg 353 by Pro. Thereby, the kallikrein cleavage site at Arg 353-Val 354 is lost. Although trypsin-activated FXII Locarno was fully cleaved at Arg 334-Asn 335 and at Arg 343-Leu 344, neither amidolytic nor proteolytic activity was generated. We conclude that proteolytic cleavage at Arg 343 in the absence of cleavage at Arg 353 is not sufficient to expose the enzymatic active site in FXII Locarno.

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Han, Nanyu, Justin Tze Yang Ng, Yanpeng Li, Yuguang Mu und Zunxi Huang. „Plasticity of the 340-Loop in Influenza Neuraminidase Offers New Insight for Antiviral Drug Development“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 16 (06.08.2020): 5655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165655.

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The recently discovered 340-cavity in influenza neuraminidase (NA) N6 and N7 subtypes has introduced new possibilities for rational structure-based drug design. However, the plasticity of the 340-loop (residues 342–347) and the role of the 340-loop in NA activity and substrate binding have not been deeply exploited. Here, we investigate the mechanism of 340-cavity formation and demonstrate for the first time that seven of nine NA subtypes are able to adopt an open 340-cavity over 1.8 μs total molecular dynamics simulation time. The finding that the 340-loop plays a role in the sialic acid binding pathway suggests that the 340-cavity can function as a druggable pocket. Comparing the open and closed conformations of the 340-loop, the side chain orientation of residue 344 was found to govern the formation of the 340-cavity. Additionally, the conserved calcium ion was found to substantially influence the stability of the 340-loop. Our study provides dynamical evidence supporting the 340-cavity as a druggable hotspot at the atomic level and offers new structural insight in designing antiviral drugs.

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Alberto, Maria K. „Ready Reader One: The Stories We Tell With, About, and Around Videogames, Megan Amber Condis and Mike Sell (eds) (2024)“. Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 16, Nr. 3 (01.09.2024): 387–90. https://doi.org/10.1386/jgvw_00111_5.

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Review of: Ready Reader One: The Stories We Tell With, About, and Around Videogames, Megan Amber Condis and Mike Sell (eds) (2024) Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 344 pp., ISBN 978-0-80718-230-7, p/bk, USD 35.00

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Aguirre, J. I., N. W. Morrell, L. Long, P. Clift, P. D. Upton, J. M. Polak und M. R. Wilkins. „Vascular remodeling and ET-1 expression in rat strains with different responses to chronic hypoxia“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 278, Nr. 5 (01.05.2000): L981—L987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2000.278.5.l981.

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Chronic hypoxia leads to a greater degree of pulmonary hypertension in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat than in the Fischer 344 (F-344) rat. We questioned whether this difference is associated with baseline differences in pulmonary artery anatomy, a greater degree of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in the WKY rat, and/or differences in expression of endothelin (ET)-1. Male F-344 and WKY rats were maintained in normoxia or normobaric hypoxia for 21 days. Morphometry revealed that baseline pulmonary artery anatomy was similar in the two strains. However, during chronic hypoxia, the WKY rats developed a greater degree of muscularization of small pulmonary arteries. Baseline plasma and lung immunoreactive ET-1 levels were similar in the WKY and F-344 rats and increased significantly during hypoxia in the WKY rats. Northern analysis demonstrated increased lung preproET-1 mRNA during hypoxia in both strains, with a greater increase in WKY rats. Immunostaining demonstrated increased ET-1 in bronchial epithelium and peripheral pulmonary arteries during hypoxia, although to a greater degree in the WKY rats. We conclude that the WKY strain demonstrates increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling compared with the F-344 strain and that increased lung and circulating ET-1 levels during hypoxia may partly explain this difference.

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Yang, X. X., W. S. Powell, L. J. Xu und J. G. Martin. „Strain dependence of the airway response to dry-gas hyperpnea challenge in the rat“. Journal of Applied Physiology 86, Nr. 1 (01.01.1999): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.152.

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The aim of the study was to investigate strain dependence and mechanisms of airway responses to dry-gas hyperpnea challenge in the rat. We studied responses in a strain that is hyperresponsive to methacholine, Fischer 344 (F-344); in two normoresponsive strains, Lewis and ACI; and in an atopic but normoresponsive strain, Brown Norway (BN). We examined the effects of a neurokinin (NK) 1-receptor (CP-99994), an NK2-receptor (SR-48968), and a leukotriene D4(LTD4)-receptor antagonist (pranlukast) on responses to hyperpnea challenge in BN rats. The animals were ventilated with a tidal volume of 8 ml/kg and a frequency of 150 breaths/min with either a dry or humidified mixture of 5% CO2-95% O2 for 5 min for hyperpnea challenge, whereas responses to challenge were measured during spontaneous breathing. Pulmonary resistance increased after dry-gas challenge in BN and ACI but not in F-344 and Lewis rats. CP-99994, SR-48968, and pranlukast significantly attenuated the increase in pulmonary resistance after dry-gas challenge. There were no significant differences in responsiveness to airway challenge with LTD4 among the BN, F-344 and ACI rats. We conclude that responses to dry-gas hyperpnea challenge are strain dependent in rats and are mediated by NKs and LTD4.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "WE 344"

Hecquet, Sophie. „Inflammation et perméabilité intestinales et translocation bactérienne en cas d'arthrite : études précliniques et cliniques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCE024.

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La physiopathologie des spondyloarthrites (SpA) est complexe et implique plusieurs acteurs cellulaires et tissulaires, dont le tissu intestinal. Ce dernier joue un rôle essentiel en permettant le passage de molécules de différents poids moléculaires, tout en limitant la translocation d'agents pathogènes. L’inflammation intestinale et la perte de fonction de la barrière intestinale ont été mises en évidence chez les patients atteints de SpA. Des données suggèrent que cette hyperperméabilité serait liée à l'augmentation de la zonuline sérique observée chez ces patients, une protéine précurseur de l'haptoglobine 2 et modulatrice physiologique des jonctions serrées épithéliales intestinales.Différentes hypothèses tentent d'expliquer l'apparition d'une perméabilité intestinale accrue et l’augmentation de la zonuline circulante chez les patients atteints de SpA, parmi lesquelles l’inflammation et la dysbiose intestinales tiennent une place centrale. La modification du microbiote intestinal a été mise en évidence chez les patients atteints de SpA, bien que son rôle dans la physiopathologie de la maladie reste encore mal compris. Il a été démontré que la présence de bactéries entéro-invasives au niveau de l'iléon chez les patients SpA entraîne une surexpression tissulaire de la zonuline et une sous-expression des protéines de structure des jonctions serrées épithéliales intestinales. La dysbiose, et l’augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale, permettraient ainsi la translocation d'antigènes bactériens de la lumière intestinale vers la muqueuse digestive, provoquant une activation du système immunitaire. Ces données soulignent le rôle physiopathologique clé de la perméabilité digestive et de la translocation bactérienne chez les patients SpA, bien qu'aucune étude ne les ait encore clairement reliées ou précisé leur moment de survenue au cours de la maladie.Les modèles animaux offrent une occasion unique de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques physiopathologiques des rhumatismes inflammatoires. Ils permettent également d'étudier les propriétés physiologiques d'organes profonds, tels que le tube digestif, chez des animaux naïfs de traitement et à différents stades de l'évolution de la maladie, y compris les stades précliniques. Notre équipe a réalisé de nombreuses études sur le modèle d'arthrite induite à l’adjuvant (AIA), un modèle d'arthrite récente. Ce modèle se caractérise par une inflammation aiguë suivie d’une phase de formation osseuse et par la polarisation de la réponse immunitaire vers la voie IL-23/Th17. Ce modèle revêt un intérêt particulier car notre équipe a mis en évidence une dysfonction endothéliale (DE) précoce au niveau mésentérique, au début du développement de l’arthrite, suggérant l’existence d’une atteinte intestinale précoce dans ce modèle.L’objectif général de cette thèse était de caractériser les anomalies digestives observées dans le modèle AIA et d'étudier l’effet de différents traitements pharmacologiques sur la barrière intestinale. La première étude avait pour objectif d’étudier la cinétique comparative des atteintes articulaires et des anomalies digestives. Cette étude s’est concentrée sur quatre aspects principaux : la perméabilité intestinale, l’inflammation intestinale et articulaire, la dysbiose et la translocation bactérienne. Elle a permis de mettre en lumière des liens potentiels entre les perturbations digestives et les symptômes articulaires, ouvrant ainsi la voie à de nouvelles options thérapeutiques. La deuxième étude a évalué l'impact de différents anti-inflammatoires stéroïdiens et non stéroïdiens sur la barrière intestinale dans le modèle d’arthrite induite à l’adjuvant. Cette étude a montré un effet différencié des AINS sur la barrière intestinale en fonction de la sélectivité d’inhibition de la cyclo-oxygénase. Enfin, la troisième étude s’est intéressée à l’effet du tofacitinib sur la barrière intestinale
The pathophysiology of spondyloarthritis (SpA) is complex and involves several cellular and tissue players, including the intestinal tissue. The latter plays an essential role by allowing the passage of molecules of varying molecular weights, while also limiting the translocation of pathogenic agents. Intestinal inflammation and loss of intestinal barrier function have been observed in patients with SpA. Data suggest that this hyperpermeability may be related to the increase in serum zonulin observed in these patients, a precursor protein of haptoglobin 2 and a physiological modulator of intestinal epithelial tight junctions.Various hypotheses attempt to explain the increased intestinal permeability and elevated circulating zonulin in patients with SpA, with intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis being central factors. Changes in the intestinal microbiota have been observed in patients with SpA, although its role in the disease’s pathophysiology is still poorly understood. It has been demonstrated that the presence of enteroinvasive bacteria in the ileum of SpA patients leads to tissue overexpression of zonulin and underexpression of structural proteins in intestinal epithelial tight junctions. Dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability would thus allow the translocation of bacterial antigens from the intestinal lumen to the digestive mucosa, triggering an immune system activation. These data highlight the key pathophysiological role of digestive permeability and bacterial translocation in SpA patients, although no studies have yet clearly linked them or defined the timing of their occurrence during the course of the disease.Animal models offer a unique opportunity to highlight the pathophysiological characteristics of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. They also allow for the study of the physiological properties of deep organs, such as the digestive tract, in treatment-naive animals at different stages of disease progression, including preclinical stages. Our team has conducted numerous studies on the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model, a recent arthritis model. This model is characterized by acute inflammation followed by a phase of bone formation and by the polarization of the immune response towards the IL-23/Th17 pathway. This model is of particular interest because our team has identified early endothelial dysfunction at the mesenteric level at the onset of arthritis development, suggesting early intestinal involvement in this model.The overall objective of this thesis was to characterize the digestive abnormalities observed in the AIA model and to study the effect of different pharmacological treatments on the intestinal barrier. The first study aimed to examine the comparative kinetics of joint involvement and digestive abnormalities. This study focused on four main aspects: intestinal permeability, intestinal and joint inflammation, dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation. It shed light on potential links between digestive disturbances and joint symptoms, thus paving the way for new therapeutic options. The second study evaluated the impact of different steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the intestinal barrier in the adjuvant-induced arthritis model. This study showed a differentiated effect of NSAIDs on the intestinal barrier depending on the selectivity of cyclooxygenase inhibition. Finally, the third study investigated the effect of tofacitinib on the intestinal barrier

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Lennon, Alexander Thomas Jacobson. „Why do we do track two? transnational security policy networks and u.s. nuclear nonproliferation policy /“. College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3442.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Public Affairs. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Barton, Alison L. „How Can We Engage Our Online Students in Deeper Thinking? The Potential of Guided Inquiries“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3424.

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Using guided inquiries in traditional classrooms yields noteworthy learning and engagement results. However, this instructional method is rarely used in non-science fields or in an online setting. Attendees will themselves experience a guided inquiry as they learn about the method’s strengths, broad online and curricular applicability, and underlying theoretical support.

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Oughton, Helen. „"We all play teacher" : a study of student discourse in adult numeracy classrooms“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15114/.

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In this study, the emerging methodology of linguistic ethnography is applied to the under-researched setting of the adult numeracy classroom. Students' naturally-occurring discourse is audio-recorded during mathematical collaborative groupwork, and analysed to provide privileged insights not always apparent through observing teacher-led interaction. In particular, the "funds of knowledge" brought by students to their formal learning is investigated, and findings are related to Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital and habitus, and Bernstein' theories of pedagogic discourse. Participating students were found rarely to draw spontaneously on numeracy funds of knowledge, and tended to ignore the supposedly "reallife" contexts presented by traditional word problems. However, some alternative activities did encourage students to relate classroom learning more to out-of-classroom practices, and the implications of these for pedagogy are discussed. The students were also found to draw on a broad repertoire of linguistic resources to express uncertainty and anxiety; to enhance group cohesion; to elicit contributions from other students; and to ease interactions with humour. However, students additionally brought to the classroom a "schooled habitus" which tended to constrain their discourse and activities to curricular expectations. A categorisation of students' knowledge contributions into "disruptive" and "conformative" is proposed. The study concludes that collaborative groupwork can be highly effective for adult numeracy learners, with participating classrooms demonstrating high rates of retention and achievement, but further research is urgently needed to extend these benefits to students with disabilities, learning difficulties and English as a second language. It further suggests that traditional word problems are not effective in helping learners relate mathematical skills to everyday numeracy practices. However, in introducing innovative and potentially more effective pedagogies, it is recommended that the schooled habitus of adults be taken into account. In particular, pedagogies designed for children and young people may not transfer unproblematically to adult classrooms.

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Hult, Carl. „The way we conform to paid labour : Commitment to employment and organization from a comparative perspective“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Sociologiska institutionen, Umeå universitet, 2004. http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_umu_diva-343-1__fulltext.pdf.

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Suarez, Jorge Ramiro Perez. „We are cyborgs : developing a theoretical model for understanding criminal behaviour on the Internet“. Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/28324/.

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Technology has supposed a profound paradigm shift in human evolution, following Haraway’s cyborg metaphor we have forged a profound psycho-social rapport machines. This connectivity has also brought changes in crime patterns and fostered the development of cybercrime. From a criminological perspective, this work aims to explore the role of Per-Olof Wikströms Situational Action Theory in explaining cybercrime by including Syke and Matza’s neutralisation techniques in its formulation. The SAT-RI (SAT- Revised for the Internet) takes into consideration the interaction between cyber-crime propensity (based essentially in moral perceptions), the internet, neutralisation techniques (cognitive scripts used as protection against blame) and self-control. The theory was tested by using a mixed methods design that includes an online survey (N=709) and case studies (N=20) stemming from interviews with law enforcement agents. Once the data was analysed, it was demonstrated that individuals with low self-control tend to have higher cybercrime propensity and are more prone to justify their acts by using adequate neutralisations. In addition, there are differences in the perceptions of cybercriminals by law enforcement agents depending on whether they are fraudsters, child sex abusers, sex abusers or hackers. The resulting theory can be useful in terms of prevention, as it can help design programmes that focus on the different stages of the cybercrime process (self-control, propensity or neutralisation). Also, the thesis calls for a more anthropological conception of cybercriminology called cyborg criminology.

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Páez, Conesa José Ezequiel. „Abortion: what we ought to believe: an ontological and normative analysis“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129465.

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En esta tesis me pregunto si, moralmente hablando, debemos concebir el aborto como matar a alguien o, más bien, como impedir que alguien exista. En primer lugar, presento algunas distinciones preliminares acerca de valores y de razones prácticas. En segundo lugar, comparo la solidez de diferentes argumentos a favor de la posición de que abortar es como matar a alguien. Propongo seguidamente que el mejor de tales argumentos es aquél que considera que, respecto a la ética de matar, los hechos relevantes que nos dan razones son aquéllos acerca del valor que la vida de la víctima tiene para ésta, así como que la identidad diacrónica es lo que importa en la supervivencia. Finalmente, presento una serie de desafíos a las asunciones ontológicas y normativas de dicho argumento, que al cabo encuentro deficiente. De la consideración de esas objeciones concluyo que es mejor concebir el aborto, desde la razón práctica, como una decisión acerca de cuál de varios seres posibles devendrá actual, y, por ende, como parte de la ética poblacional.
In this dissertation it is asked whether we ought to conceive of abortion, morally speaking, as killing someone or, rather, as preventing someone from existing. First, some preliminary distinctions about values and practical reasons are drawn. Secondly, the merits of different arguments for the position that abortion is like killing someone are compared. It is then proposed that the best such argument must consider that the relevant reason-giving facts pertaining to the morality of killing are those about the value the victim’s life has for her and that diachronic identity is what matters in survival. Finally, a number of challenges to the ontological and normative assumptions of that argument are presented, it being ultimately found lacking. From the consideration of those objections it is concluded that abortion ought to be conceived, from the standpoint of practical reason, as deciding which of several possible beings shall become actual, and thus as a parcel of population ethics.

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Trifan, Isabella Ana-Maria. „What do we owe parents?: distributing the costs of children“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667396.

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The topic of this thesis is the just distribution of the costs of children. In particular, it asks whether an ideal liberal egalitarian society owes it to the parents to ensure that the costs of children are shared between parents and non-parents. This issue has received relatively little attention from political philosophers, yet it seems pertinent to a concern that is central to any distributive justice theory: identifying the agents who are responsible for giving the new members of society what they are owed. The thesis provides a comprehensive investigation into the grounds in virtue of which parents can raise claims to have the costs of children socialized. It argues that the prospects for successfully establishing such claims are very limited. This is either because (i) they would offend against the liberal egalitarian commitment to personal responsibility for procreative choice, or against (ii) the commitment to state neutrality between different conceptions of the good. Finally, I show that a relatively widely endorsed family of arguments that support parents’ claims (iii) rest on specific versions of a controversial normative principle, namely the fairness principle, that upon examination turn out to be implausible. The thesis then develops a new account of fairness, which I call the Shared Preference View. On this account, typical parents do not have claims of fairness to parental subsidies. The account of fairness I develop has important implications beyond the debate regarding the fair distribution of the costs of children, including for environmental justice and for establishing a moral obligation to obey the law.
El tema de esta tesis es la justa distribución de los costes de los niños. En concreto, se plantea la pregunta de si una sociedad liberal igualitaria ideal debe a los padres asegurar que los costes de los niños se comparten entre los padres y los no-padres. Esta cuestión ha recibido relativamente poca atención por parte de los filósofos políticos, pero resulta pertinente a una preocupación fundamental para cualquier teoría distributiva: identificar a los agentes responsables de asegurar a los nuevos miembros de la sociedad lo que se les debe. La tesis proporciona una investigación exhaustiva sobre los motivos en virtud de los cuales los padres pueden pretender que se socialicen los costes de los niños. La tesis alega que las posibilidades de establecer con éxito tales reclamaciones son muy limitadas. Esto se debe a que estas reclamaciones (i) irían en contra del compromiso igualitario liberal con la responsabilidad personal de la elección procreativa, o (ii) en contra del compromiso con la neutralidad del estado entre diferentes concepciones del bien. Finalmente, muestra que una família de argumentos ampliamente respaldados que apoyan las reclamaciones de los padres (iii) están basados en versiones específicas de un controvertido principio normativo, a saber, el principio de equidad, que bajo escrutinio resultan inverosímiles. A continuación, la tesis desarrolla un nuevo significado del concepto de equidad, al que llamo Teoría de las Preferencias Compartidas. Según esta teoría, los padres típicos no pueden extender demandas de equidad con respecto a los subsidios genitoriales. La teoría de la equidad que desarrollo tiene implicaciones importantes más allá del debate sobre la justa distribución de los costes de los niños, incluyendo aspectos de justicia ambiental y el establecimiento de una obligación moral de obedecer la ley.

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Spotorno, Riccardo Maria. „A Defence of parental licensing: how we should do justice to children an adults“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671055.

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This thesis is a comprehensive study and defence of parental licensing, i.e. the proposal of making the right to parent one’s biological conditional to the successful completion of a series of checks and tests that aim to establish whether an adult, or a group of adults, can adequately raise a child. Although this proposal has been object of deep controversy in the public debate and between philosophers working on parent-child relationships, it has not received a careful and detailed philosophical analysis: this thesis aims to fill this gap. More specifically I aim to show that we can build a defence of this rather controversial proposal starting from uncontroversial premises on justice between children and parent, which I spell out in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, I provide an overview of the existing debate on parental licensing and I show that the main argument in its favour is based on symmetry between adoptive parents, who are currently licensed, and biological ones who are not; opponents of parental licensing, in turn, subscribe to what I call the Asymmetry View on parental licensing. Although advocates of parental licensing can convincingly reply to these objections, the existing debate fails to address some important fundamental issues. Chapter 3 argues that parental licensing is one among different possible systems according to which the state decides how to assign a specific child to the parental custody of a specific adult; moreover each child-assigning system determines a different distribution of harms and risks to children and adults. In Chapter 4, I argue that while defenders of the status quo may defend it only by invoking aggregativist views on the justification of harm and risk imposition, which are deeply implausible, a family of more plausible views on social risk supports parental licensing. Chapter 5 considers a series of questions related to the actual implementation of parental licensing and in particular addresses concerns about the presence of mistakes in the screening procedure and the justifiability of the policy under unjust social circumstances; this chapter also concludes my main defence of parental licensing. The last two chapters consider moral requirements that parents have beyond the ones that my licensing scheme aim to implement. Chapter 6 analyses and challenges the so called “Dual Interest View” on justice between parents and children and defends a controversial principle according to which the overall best interest of the child always takes priority over adults’ interest in parenting. Chapter 7 argues that children have a right to be loved unconditionally and that adults who are unable to love their children unconditionally lack a moral right to parent any child.
Esta tesis es un estudio sistemático y una defensa del parental licensing (es decir, la condicionalización del derecho a criar a un hijo biológico a la aprobación de una serie de tests y controles orientados a establecer si un adulto, o un grupo de adultos, es capaz de criar adecuadamente un niño). Pese a que esta propuesta ha sido objeto de una profunda controversia, tanto en el debate público como entre los filósofos que trabajan sobre las relaciones entre padres e hijos, no ha recibido un análisis detallado y meticuloso: esta tesis se propone llenar este vacío. En concreto, mi objetivo es mostrar que podemos defender esta polémica propuesta apelando únicamente a premisas no controvertidas sobre la justicia entre padres e hijos, que detallo en el Capítulo 1. En el Capítulo 2, ofrezco una visión panorámica del debate sobre el parental licensing, mostrando que el principal argumento a favor de la propuesta apela a una simetría entre padres adoptivos, quienes actualmente deben obtener un carné, y padres biológicos, que no lo necesitan; quienes se oponen al parental licensing, por otro lado, subscriben lo que yo denomino la Posición de la Asimetría (Asymmetry View) sobre el parental licensing. Aunque los defensores del parental licensing pueden responder con éxito a estas objeciones, el debate, tal y como se ha desarrollado hasta ahora, ha descuidado cuestiones fundamentales que una defensa robusta del parental licensing – o, igualmente, una crítica a la propuesta – debería tener en cuenta. En el Capítulo 3 argumento que el parental licensing es uno de los diversos sistemas mediante los cuáles el estado decide cómo asignar un hijo específico bajo la custodia de un adulto en particular; además, muestro que cada uno de estos sistemas produce una distribución distinta de los daños y los riesgos, tanto para los adultos como para los niños. En el Capítulo 4, argumento que, mientras que los defensores del statu quo sólo pueden apelar a posiciones agregativistas acerca de la justificación de la imposición de daños y riesgos, que son profundamente implausibles; otras posiciones más plausibles apoyan el parental licensing. El Capítulo 5 considera una serie de cuestiones relacionadas con la implementación de la propuesta; en particular, la posibilidad de que se produzcan errores durante el proceso de cribaje y la justificación de la propuesta en condiciones sociales injustas. Este capítulo concluye también mi defensa del parental licensing. Los dos últimos capítulos discuten los requisitos morales de los padres, más allá de los que mi propuesta particular pretende implementar. El Capítulo 6 analiza y pone en duda la llamada Posición del Interés Dual (Dual Interest View) acerca de la justicia entre padres e hijos, asumida a lo largo de la tesis. Frente a dicha posición, se defiende un principio controvertido según los mejores intereses del niño siempre gozan de prioridad sobre el interés que los adultos puedan tener en la crianza. En el Capítulo 7 se argumenta que los niños tienen un derecho a ser amados incondicionalmente y que los adultos que sean incapaces de amar a sus hijos carecen del derecho moral a criar ningún hijo.

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Müller, Nicole. „Nanoparticles in the environment risk assessment based on exposure-modelling : what concentrations of nano titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes and nano silver are we exposed to? /“. Zürich : ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Sciences, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=347.

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Bücher zum Thema "WE 344"

Evans, Donald, Hrsg. Why Should We Care? London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20888-3.

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Rockwell, David. We Were the Ramchargers - Inside Drag Racing's Legendary Team. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/r-384.

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Murgatroyd, Paul. Conclusion (346–66). Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940698.003.0009.

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This chapter provides the Latin test and a literal translation into English of the conclusion to Juvenal’s tenth satire and a detailed critical appreciation of those lines (346-366), paying particular attention to poetic aspects such as sound, rhythm, style, diction, imagery, vividness and narrative technique, and also assessing humour, wit, irony and the force and validity of the satirical thrusts. This lively conclusion contains a series of surprises and takes the whole issue of prayer a lot further. The poet now progresses to what we CAN pray for (listing various things), but he also undermines prayer by saying that we should leave it to the gods themselves to give us what is best for us, by claiming that we can secure blessings ourselves without recourse to deities, and even calling into question the whole idea of divinity in the final lines.

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Decoded: The Science Behind Why We Buy. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2020.

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Decoded: The Science Behind Why We Buy. Wiley, 2013.

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Getting What We Deserve. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/book.3449.

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Teaching speaking skills in a second language: MD 346. : how we produce it and how we learn to produce it. Manchester: University of Manchester Centre for English Language Studies in Education, 1990.

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Teaching writing skills in a second language: MD 345. : how we produce it and how we learn to produce it. Manchester: University of Manchester Centre for Language Studies in Education, 1989.

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Problems and process: International lawand how we use it. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Why we buy: the science of shopping. Simon & Schuster, 1999.

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Buchteile zum Thema "WE 344"

Greiner-Petter, André. „Mathematical Information Retrieval“. In Making Presentation Math Computable, 17–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40473-4_2.

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AbstractMaking presentational math computable implies a transformation from one mathematical representation to another. In order to frame this task, we need to introduce presentational and computable formats, and analyze available transformation tools between these formats. There is a large variety of different formats available to encode mathematical expressions, from visual formats, such as LATEX [220] or MathML [60], to semantic enhanced encodings, such as content MathML [270], semantic LATEX [260], STEX [200], or OpenMath [19], and entire programming languages, such as CAS syntaxes [36, 128, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 393], theorem provers [37, 266, 287, 340, 354, 384], or mathematical packages in C++ [168], Python [252] or Java [79]. This chapter introduces what we understand as presentational and computable formats, provides an overview of math formats, and discusses existing transformation tools between these formats.

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Trivedi, Premila. „Are we who we say we are — or who you think we are?“ In Mental Health Still Matters, 224–27. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92322-9_34.

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Jones, Linda, Moyra Sidell und Jenny Douglas. „Collaboration: united we stand, divided we fall?“ In The Challenge of Promoting Health, 238–60. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-91399-2_12.

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Jones, Linda, und Moyra Sidell. „Collaboration: United we Stand, Divided we Fall?“ In The Challenge of Promoting Health, 219–35. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25564-1_12.

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Schoerning, Emily. „Where Are We Now? Where Could We Be?“ In Science Culture, Language, and Education in America, 1–12. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95813-9_1.

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Dillon, James J. „Why We Teach“. In Teaching Psychology and the Socratic Method, 1–12. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95050-8_1.

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Moore, Terence, und Chris Carling. „Feeling We Understand“. In The Limitations of Language, 126–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19446-9_18.

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Evans, Donald. „Why Should We Care?“ In Why Should We Care?, 1–9. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20888-3_1.

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Goulden, Paul. „The Development of Drugs“. In Why Should We Care?, 98–106. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20888-3_10.

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Beck, Peter. „Informed Consent“. In Why Should We Care?, 107–15. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20888-3_11.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "WE 344"

Pacheco, Haydee, und Deirdre O’Carroll. „Effects of Doping and Nanoimprinting on the Infrared Response of Conductive Polymer Metasurfaces“. In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference, Tu5B.3. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/laop.2024.tu5b.3.

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We present conductive polymer metasurfaces that exhibit tunable infrared responses using doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). By enhancing film conductivity through dopants, we observe significant changes in photonic properties with prospective applications in nanophotonics and infrared devices.

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Meng, Yun, Kai Zou, Yifan Feng, Zifan Hao, Jing Li, Yuxi Xiao, Thomas Descamps, Adrian Iovan, Val Zwiller und Xiaolong Hu. „Full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR using multi-mode-fiber-coupled fractal SNSPDs“. In CLEO: Science and Innovations, STu4N.2. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.stu4n.2.

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Muraviev, Andrey, Dmitrii Konnov, Vadim Smirnov, Sergey Vasilyev und Konstantin L. Vodopyanov. „Dual-Comb UV Spectroscopy Based on High Harmonic Generation from Cr:ZnS Laser Combs“. In CLEO: Science and Innovations, SF3O.2. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sf3o.2.

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Abdolghader, Pedram, Maksym Ivanov, Étienne Doiron, Marco Scaglia, Young-Gyun Jeong, Alexis Labranche, Gabriel Tempea et al. „50fs, VIS and NIR Tunable Femtosecond Pulses via Hollow Core Fibre spectral broadening of sub-ps Yb lasers“. In CLEO: Science and Innovations, SF2O.7. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sf2o.7.

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Xiong, Daiqi, Yuxi Wang, Ruhai Bai, Zhixun Wang, Alexander Si Kai Yong, Kaicheng Liang und Wonkeun Chang. „Enhanced Ultraviolet Generation in Gas-Filled Antiresonant Hollow-core Fiber via Post-Processing“. In CLEO: Science and Innovations, STh1C.5. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sth1c.5.

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We significantly enhance the dispersive wave generation-driven ultraviolet conversion efficiency from 3.4% to 11% in a post-processed gas-filled antiresonant hollow-core fiber by thinning the cladding-tube wall thickness from 470 nm to 115 nm through wet-etching.

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Chatten, Kelly, Fiona Brennan, Kirsty Donald, Michelle Moran, Emma Ridings, Steven McCann, Gillian Burrows und Wisam Jafar. „PWE-110 unvetted pig versus peg service with nutrition support team. have we improved mortality?“ In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 4–7 June 2018, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-bsgabstracts.344.

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Thomas, A., H. Durrington und LJ Holmes. „P211 Asthma in pregnancy: how are we doing? A service evaluation across general asthma and severe asthma clinics in a tertiary hospital“. In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2022, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 23 to 25 November 2022, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2022-btsabstracts.344.

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Mahmood, Syed Hasan Amin, Zhuoran Lu und Ming Yin. „Designing Behavior-Aware AI to Improve the Human-AI Team Performance in AI-Assisted Decision Making“. In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/344.

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With the rapid development of decision aids that are driven by AI models, the practice of AI-assisted decision making has become increasingly prevalent. To improve the human-AI team performance in decision making, earlier studies mostly focus on enhancing humans' capability in better utilizing a given AI-driven decision aid. In this paper, we tackle this challenge through a complementary approach—we aim to train "behavior-aware AI" by adjusting the AI model underlying the decision aid to account for humans' behavior in adopting AI advice. In particular, as humans are observed to accept AI advice more when their confidence in their own judgement is low, we propose to train AI models with a human-confidence-based instance weighting strategy, instead of solving the standard empirical risk minimization problem. Under an assumed, threshold-based model characterizing when humans will adopt the AI advice, we first derive the optimal instance weighting strategy for training AI models. We then validate the efficacy and robustness of our proposed method in improving the human-AI joint decision making performance through systematic experimentation on synthetic datasets. Finally, via randomized experiments with real human subjects along with their actual behavior in adopting the AI advice, we demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the decision making performance of the human-AI team in practice.

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Han, Peng, Zhongxiao Li, Yong Liu, Peilin Zhao, Jing Li, Hao Wang und Shuo Shang. „Contextualized Point-of-Interest Recommendation“. In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/344.

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Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation has become an increasingly important sub-field of recommendation system research. Previous methods employ various assumptions to exploit the contextual information for improving the recommendation accuracy. The common property among them is that similar users are more likely to visit similar POIs and similar POIs would like to be visited by the same user. However, none of existing methods utilize similarity explicitly to make recommendations. In this paper, we propose a new framework for POI recommendation, which explicitly utilizes similarity with contextual information. Specifically, we categorize the context information into two groups, i.e., global and local context, and develop different regularization terms to incorporate them for recommendation. A graph Laplacian regularization term is utilized to exploit the global context information. Moreover, we cluster users into different groups, and let the objective function constrain the users in the same group to have similar predicted POI ratings. An alternating optimization method is developed to optimize our model and get the final rating matrix. The results in our experiments show that our algorithm outperforms all the state-of-the-art methods.

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Wang, Yuchen, Kexin Shi, Chengzhuo Lu, Yuguo Liu, Malu Zhang und Hong Qu. „Spatial-Temporal Self-Attention for Asynchronous Spiking Neural Networks“. In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/344.

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The brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) are receiving increasing attention due to their asynchronous event-driven characteristics and low power consumption. As attention mechanisms recently become an indispensable part of sequence dependence modeling, the combination of SNNs and attention mechanisms holds great potential for energy-efficient and high-performance computing paradigms. However, the existing works cannot benefit from both temporal-wise attention and the asynchronous characteristic of SNNs. To fully leverage the advantages of both SNNs and attention mechanisms, we propose an SNNs-based spatial-temporal self-attention (STSA) mechanism, which calculates the feature dependence across the time and space domains without destroying the asynchronous transmission properties of SNNs. To further improve the performance, we also propose a spatial-temporal relative position bias (STRPB) for STSA to consider the spatiotemporal position of spikes. Based on the STSA and STRPB, we construct a spatial-temporal spiking Transformer framework, named STS-Transformer, which is powerful and enables SNNs to work in an asynchronous event-driven manner. Extensive experiments are conducted on popular neuromorphic datasets and speech datasets, including DVS128 Gesture, CIFAR10-DVS, and Google Speech Commands, and our experimental results can outperform other state-of-the-art models.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "WE 344"

Wu, Bin, Lixia Guo, Kaikai Zhen und Chao Sun. Diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs in hepatoblastoma: A systematic review with meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0045.

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Review question / Objective: Background and aim: Increasing evidence has revealed the valuable diagnostic and prognostic applications of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common hepatic malignancy during childhood. However, these results are inconsistent and remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to systematically compile up-to-date information regarding the clinical value of miRNAs in HB. Methods: Articles concerning the diagnostic and prognostic value of single miRNAs for HB were searched from databases. The sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), area under the curve (AUC), and hazard ratios (HRs) were separately pooled to explore the diagnostic and prognostic performance of miRNA. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were further carried out only in the event of heterogeneity. Results: In all, 20 studies, involving 264 HB patients and 206 healthy individuals, met the inclusion criteria in the six included literature articles. For the diagnostic analysis of miRNAs in HB, the pooled SEN and SPE were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72–0.80) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.80), respectively. Moreover, the pooled PLR was 2.79 (95% CI: 2.12–3.66), NLR was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.26–0.45), DOR was 10.24 (95% CI: 6.55–16.00), and AUC was 0.83, indicating that miRNAs had moderate diagnostic value in HB. For the prognostic analysis of miRNAs in HB, the abnormal expressions of miR-21, miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-492, miR-193, miR-222, and miR-224 in patients were confirmed to be associated with a worse prognosis. The pooled HR was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.20–2.29) for overall survival (OS) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.31–2.18) for event-free survival (EFS), suggesting its potential as a prognostic indicator for HB. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis that examines the diagnostic and prognostic role of dysregulated miRNAs in HB patients. The combined meta-analysis results supported the previous individual finds that miRNAs might provide a new, noninvasive method for the diagnostic and prognostic analyses ofHB.

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Sathyanadh, Anusha, und Helene Muri. Open access dataset of ESM simulations of combined land- and ocean-based NETs. OceanNets, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d4.7.

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In this deliverable, we perform Earth system model (ESM) simulations to assess the role of land-based and ocean-based negative emission technologies (NETs) for achieving the temperature target set by the 2015 Paris Agreement. The dataset provided from this work package will be used for investigating carbon sequestration potential, side-effects and potential constraints of combining oceanic and terrestrial NETs with the help of an earth system model, NorESM2. Two long NorESM2 coupled simulations with SSP5-3.4-OS scenario are conducted to check the CDR potential of terrestrial CDR, and terrestrial and marine CDR together by combining land-based Bioenergy for Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Ocean Alkalinization Enhancement (OAE) scenarios together. For the terrestrial BECCS simulation, the default land use distribution in the original CMIP6 SSP5-3.4 land use dataset is modified to accommodate more bioenergy crop in the future while keeping the total crop area of 2015 for food throughout the century and combining it with a bio-CCS system. For the second simulation we combined the above terrestrial BECCS simulation with 2030-high OAE scenario from Deliverable 4.6. A higher amount of carbon captured by making use of the carbon sequestration potential of land and ocean together. (OceanNets Deliverable ; D4.7)

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liu, menghui, yanchao zhang und lixin li. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pediatric adenoid hypertrophy: A protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0104.

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Review question / Objective: In order to verify effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. Condition being studied: Pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. A total of 135 potential literatures were selected after extensive browsing and collection. 73 studies remained after duplicates removed. And we excluded 34 literatures that did not meet the research objects by screening the title and abstract of the literature in detail. Immediately after that, we deleted 39 literatures based on the inclusion criteria, and finally, we screened out 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria.

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Busso, Matías, María P. González und Carlos Scartascini. On the Demand for Telemedicine: Evidence from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003225.

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Telemedicine can expand access to health care at relatively low cost. Historically, however, demand for telemedicine has remained low. Using administrative records and a difference-in-differences methodology, we estimate the change in demand for telemedicine experienced after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic and the imposition of mobility restrictions. We find a 233 percent increase in the number of telemedicine calls and a 342 percent increase in calls resulting in a medication being prescribed. The effects were mostly driven by older individuals with pre-existing conditions who used the service for internal medicine consultations. The demand for telemedicine remains high even after mobility restrictions were relaxed, which is consistent with telemedicine being an experience good. These results are a proof of concept for policymakers willing to expand access to healthcare using advances in technology.

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Goyeneche, Laura, und Sebastian Bauhoff. Efficiency of Health Systems in Middle-Income Countries and Determinants of Efficiency in Latin American and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005250.

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We estimate the efficiency of health spending in 145 middle and high-income and the potential gains from improving efficiency for a range of health system outputs using Data Envelopment Analysis for 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 and examine associations with health system characteristics. Focusing on Latin American and Caribbean countries, we find large variability in efficiency and overall substantial potential gains in the later period, despite improvements over time. Our results suggest that, for example, improving spending efficiency could increase life expectancy at birth by 3.5 years (4.6%), or slightly more than the 3.4 year improvement in average life expectancy in the region between 2000 and 2015. Similarly, improved efficiency could reduce neonatal mortality by 6.7 per 1,000 live births (62%), increase service coverage by 6 percentage points (8.7%), and reduce the rich-poor gap in birth attendance by 10 percentage points (12.6%). We find that governance quality is positively associated with efficiency. Overall, the findings indicate an urgent need to improve efficiency in the region and substantial scope for realizing the potential gains of such improvements.

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Katumbi, Lara, Salome Njambi, Anushka Ghosh, Shilvaan Patel und Nicolas Bottan. Estimating the impact of educational television on literacy, gender, and SEL. Busara, November 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62372/gkqn1155.

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This paper presents evidence from a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Kenya, investigating the effects of watching a new children’s educational TV show at home. One novel aspect of the show is that, besides being instructional, it focuses on changing children’s mindsets about reading, gender attitudes, and socioemotional learning. We recruited 4,300 children from 346 public schools. Students in randomly selected treatment schools received encouragement to watch the publicly broadcasted TV show. We sent parents biweekly SMS reminders about the time and channel the TV show aired. Students in control schools did not receive any encouragement or reminders about the show. The TV show is a cartoon program named Nuzo & Namia that targets children aged 6 to 9. It was created in 2023 by Ubongo and its main educational objective is to improve literacy. Additionally, it aims to change gender norms and encourage different forms of socio-emotional learning (i.e., confidence and curiosity). Identifying the causal effect of our encouragement treatment relies on random assignment at the school level. Our primary estimates captured intention-to treat (ITT) effects. We used a household survey to collect data. We collected endline data a year after the baseline and after about 9 months of exposure to the TV show. The endline survey also collected self-reported measures of watching the show to estimate the local average treatment effects (LATE) for treatment compliers.

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Istrefi, Klodiana, Florens Odendahl und Giulia Sestieri. ECB communication and its impact on financial markets. Madrid: Banco de España, Oktober 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/37792.

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This paper presents the Euro Area Communication Event-Study Database (EA-CED), a new dataset that tracks financial market movements around ECB Governing Council meetings (GC) and inter-meeting communication (IMC). Covering the period from 1999 to 2024, the EA-CED contains intraday changes in euro area financial variables around the time of 304 ECB GC policy announcements and 4,400 IMC events, consisting mainly of speeches and interviews. We document several new empirical findings on the impact of IMC on financial markets. First, we show that many IMC events are associated with significant market movements, often of similar or larger magnitude than those associated with ECB policy announcements, particularly for yields at longer maturities. Significant effects are not limited to communication from the ECB’s President but extend to other members of the Governing Council. Second, the importance of IMC varies over time, peaking around tightening cycles, particularly in 2022-2023. Third, like ECB GC announcements, IMC events convey multi-dimensional information and lead to surprises regarding the path of monetary policy and the state of the economy.

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Archer, Diane, und Charrlotte Adelina. Labour, waste and the circular economy in Bangkok. Stockholm Environment Institute, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.018.

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Without the informal economy, there would be no waste recycling in most Asian cities. In many Asian countries, waste management systems are underdeveloped, with the informal economy dominating the processes of waste collection, sorting and recycling. In this short report, we present preliminary findings from our survey of 34 waste pickers in Bangkok. The report sheds light on their working conditions, health risks, gendered dimensions and the challenges they face in waste recycling.

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Chang, Ke-Vin. Shoulder Ultrasound Imaging in the Post-stroke Population: a Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0075.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate sonographic findings in post-stroke hemiplegic shoulders. Rationale: The incidence of post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain was high, ranging from 34% to 84%. Uncertainties remain regarding the prevalence, etiologies, and clinical implication of shoulder pathologies after stroke. Ultrasound has emerged as an accessible tool to diagnose diverse soft tissue problems Therefore, we undertake a meta-analysis to provide more rigorous understanding of the structural changes in post-stroke hemiplegic shoulders on ultrasound examination and hopefully to enhance the treatment strategy of hemiplegic shoulder pain.

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Hoffman, Kathryn, Cayelan Carey, Bridget Deemer, Nicole Gibney, Mary Lofton, Cayelan Carey, Bridget Deemer, Nicole Gibney, Kathryn Hoffman und Mary Lofton. Assessing risk for enhanced cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, and pathogens with changes in water level regime with potential application to Lake Powell and Lake Mead: A mixed methods literature review. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2307521.

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Water levels in freshwater reservoirs worldwide are changing due to altered climate, management practices, and increasing human demand for water. In the desert southwestern USA, managers are considering significant changes to reservoir operation strategies and water management in response to consumptive use and ongoing drought. To inform reservoir management decision-making, we reviewed current peer-reviewed literature to identify the effects of decreasing or increasing water level on phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, Escherichia coli, and Naegleria spp. We identified 34 studies containing 42 individual waterbodies that investigated the effects of water level increases or decreases on phytoplankton or cyanobacteria. We found that water level decreases resulted in a higher likelihood of increased cyanobacteria, and that phytoplankton were more likely to decrease in response to water level increases. Most of the waterbodies included in the literature review were eutrophic or hypereutrophic, underscoring the need to explore the effects of water level fluctuations on oligotrophic systems. We only identified five studies on E. coli through our review, and no studies on Naegleria spp. We supplemented our review with regional white papers and case studies within the Colorado River Basin and the Rio Grande River Basin to highlight relevant research. Prior and ongoing research highlights the need to explore impacts of water level fluctuations on phytoplankton and cyanobacteria to guide future management decision-making.

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