Zeitschriftenartikel: „WBHS“

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Izquierdo-Villalba, David, Silvia Bonoli, Massimo Dotti, Alberto Sesana, Yetli Rosas-Guevara und Daniele Spinoso. „From galactic nuclei to the halo outskirts: tracing supermassive black holes across cosmic history and environments“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, Nr. 4 (21.05.2020): 4681–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1399.

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ABSTRACT We study the mass assembly and spin evolution of supermassive black holes (BHs) across cosmic time as well as the impact of gravitational recoil on the population of nuclear and wandering BHs (wBHs) by using the semi-analytical model L-Galaxies run on top of Millennium merger trees. We track spin changes that BHs experience during both coalescence events and gas accretion phases. For the latter, we assume that spin changes are coupled with the bulge assembly. This assumption leads to predictions for the median spin values of z = 0 BHs that depend on whether they are hosted by pseudo-bulges, classical bulges or ellipticals, being $\overline{a} \sim 0.9$, 0.7 and 0.4, respectively. The outcomes of the model display a good consistency with $z \le 4$ quasar luminosity functions and the $z = 0$ BH mass function, spin values, and BH correlation. Regarding the wBHs, we assume that they can originate from both the disruption of satellite galaxies (orphan wBH) and ejections due to gravitational recoils (ejected wBH). The model points to a number density of wBHs that increases with decreasing redshift, although this population is always $\rm {\sim}2\, dex$ smaller than the one of nuclear BHs. At all redshifts, wBHs are typically hosted in $\rm {\it M}_{halo} \gtrsim 10^{13} \, M_{\odot }$ and $\rm {\it M}_{stellar} \gtrsim 10^{10} \, M_{\odot }$, being orphan wBHs the dominant type. Besides, independently of redshift and halo mass, ejected wBHs inhabit the central regions (${\lesssim}\rm 0.3{\it R}_{200}$) of the host DM halo, while orphan wBH linger at larger scales (${\gtrsim}\rm 0.5{\it R}_{200}$). Finally, we find that gravitational recoils cause a progressive depletion of nuclear BHs with decreasing redshift and stellar mass. Moreover, ejection events lead to changes in the predicted local BH–bulge relation, in particular for BHs in pseudo-bulges, for which the relation is flattened at $\rm {\it M}_{bulge} \gt 10^{10.2}\, M_{\odot }$ and the scatter increase up to ${\sim}\rm 3\, dex$.

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Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia A., Constanza Schapheer, Nicolas J. Vereecken und Cristian Villagra. „Agroecological Strategies to Safeguard Insect Pollinators in Biodiversity Hotspots: Chile as a Case Study“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 12 (14.06.2021): 6728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126728.

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Industrial agriculture (IA) has been recognized among the main drivers of biodiversity loss, climate change, and native pollinator decline. Here we summarize the known negative effects of IA on pollinator biodiversity and illustrate these problems by considering the case of Chile, a “world biodiversity hotspot” (WBH) where food exports account for a considerable share of the economy in this country. Most of Chile’s WBH area is currently being replaced by IA at a fast pace, threatening local biodiversity. We present an agroecological strategy for sustainable food production and pollinator conservation in food-producing WBHs. In this we recognize native pollinators as internal inputs that cannot be replaced by IA technological packages and support the development of agroecological and biodiversity restorative practices to protect biodiversity. We suggest four fundamental pillars for food production change based on: (1) sharing the land, restoring and protecting; (2) ecological intensification; (3) localized knowledge, research, and technological development; and (4) territorial planning and implementation of socio-agroecological policies. This approach does not need modification of native pollination services that sustain the world with food and basic subsistence goods, but a paradigm change where the interdependency of nature and human wellbeing must be recognized for ensuring the world’s food security and sovereignty.

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Cerezo-Narváez, Alberto, Andrés Pastor-Fernández, Manuel Otero-Mateo und Pablo Ballesteros-Pérez. „Integration of Cost and Work Breakdown Structures in the Management of Construction Projects“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 4 (19.02.2020): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041386.

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Scope management allows project managers to react when a project underperforms regarding schedule, budget, and/or quality at the execution stage. Scope management can also minimize project changes and budget omissions, as well as improve the accuracy of project cost estimates and risk responses. For scope management to be effective, though, it needs to rely on a robust work breakdown structure (WBS). A robust WBS hierarchically and faithfully reflects all project tasks and work packages so that projects are easier to manage. If done properly, the WBS also allows meeting the project objectives while delivering the project on time, on budget, and with the required quality. This paper analyzes whether the integration of a cost breakdown structure (CBS) can lead to the generation of more robust WBSs in construction projects. Over the last years, some international organizations have standardized and harmonized different cost classification systems (e.g., ISO 12006-2, ISO 81346-12, OmniClass, CoClass, UniClass). These cost databases have also been introduced into building information modeling (BIM) frameworks. We hypothesize that in BIM environments, if these CBSs are used to generate the project WBS, several advantages are gained such as sharper project definition. This enhanced project definition reduces project contradictions at both planning and execution stages, anticipates potential schedule and budget deviations, improves resource allocation, and overall it allows a better response to potential project risks. The hypothesis that the use of CBSs can generate more robust WBSs is tested by the response analysis of a questionnaire survey distributed among construction practitioners and project managers. By means of structural equation modeling (SEM), the correlation (agreement) and perception differences between two 250-respondent subsamples (technical project staff vs. project management staff) are also discussed. Results of this research support the use of CBSs by construction professionals as a basis to generate WBSs for enhanced project management (PM).

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Odedairo, Babatunde Omoniyi. „Assessing the Influence of Various Work Breakdown Structures on Project Completion Time“. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, Nr. 2 (02.04.2024): 13773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7023.

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In project management, a clear definition of the objective is required for the success of a project. Scope management is a performance indicator used to ascertain compliance with predefined project boundaries. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is an essential part of the scope management process and a tool in project planning. Although there is much research on WBS, there is a lack of information regarding the relationship between the selection of WBS orientation and project completion time. In this paper, the influence of alternative WBS orientations on project completion time is assessed. The Project Life Cycle (PLC) and technology (T) WBS were applied across two projects—the construction of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) facility and the Renovation of an Office Complex (ROC)—using a top-down decomposition methodology. The PLC-WBS and T-WBS were created utilizing Figma software. The project duration was determined using the critical path method, which was implemented in the Python programming language. Based on WBS selection, differences were discovered in the definition of the project deliverables, network construction, and aggregation of work packages. These discrepancies had an impact on the technological relationships between activities by reducing opportunities for parallel processing. The LPG project was completed in 86 days using the PLC-WBS and in 80 days using the T-WBS orientation. For ROC, the project can be accomplished within 128 and 126 days, using the PLC-WBS and T-WBS orientation, respectively. This outcome suggested that there might be an association between the WBS and the project objective. Therefore, an assessment of different WBSs in project scope management demonstrated their potential influence on decision-making in activity planning and scheduling, network construction, and project objectives.

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Gizzi, Martina. „Closed-Loop Systems for Geothermal Energy Exploitation from Hydrocarbon Wells: An Italian Case Study“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 22 (09.11.2021): 10551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210551.

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Geothermal energy resources associated with disused hydrocarbon wells in Italian oilfields represent a considerable source of renewable energy. Using the information available on Italian hydrocarbon wells and on-field temperatures, two simplified closed-loop-type systems models were implemented in the Python environment and applied to a selected hydrocarbon well (Trecate4) located inside the Italian Villafortuna–Trecate field (Northwestern Italy). Considering the maximum extracted working fluid temperatures, Coaxial WBHE turned out to be a better performing technology than the U-tube version. The obtained outflow temperatures of the working fluid at the wellhead for Coaxial and U-tube WBHEs of 98.6 °C and 84 °C, respectively, are both potentially exploitable for ensuring a multi-variant and comprehensive use of the resource through its application in sectors such as the food industry, horticultural and flower fields.

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Herron, Connie. „Know your WBCs“. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 10, Nr. 1 (2012): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000408238.43869.e2.

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Meidiana, Christia, Nguyệt Thi Trần, I. Nyoman Suluh Wijaya und Rizky Amalia. „Measuring Community Acceptance on Waste Separation in Rural Informal Waste Sector“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1310, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1310/1/012003.

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Abstract Indonesia’s waste management target is 100% access to waste service by 2025 comprising 70% waste handling and 30% waste reduction. Target achievement requires support from all stakeholders in waste management including the community as stated in National waste law 18/2008. Community involvement in waste management is accommodated through the informal waste sector, including waste bank national wide. In this study, the community involvement in waste separation and reduction through WB was measured using willingness to accept (WTA). WTA as a tool of contingent valuation method was used using questionnaires containing some dichotomous questions to get the data for the analysis to find out the responses of the community for the responsibility to separate the waste. Questionnaires were distributed among WB’s members as respondents to identify their willingness for waste separation and sale. Previously, WB efficiency was calculated using elasticity index whose variables are income and the active members. The acceptable price for recyclable material sold to WB was assessed afterward. The result shows that out of five WBs, three WBs are efficient, and these three WBs have stable active members generating stable income which is a determinant for WB efficiency. The regression community’s acceptance is 92.5% indicating that most people have a positive response to WB, but they expect a higher selling price for the recyclable waste. Moreover, acceptable prices and sufficient service for WB members are the factors that can stimulate the community to involve in waste separation and sale while supporting the sustainable waste management.

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Shi, Tongyang, J. S. Bolton und Frank Eberhardt. „A hybrid compressive sensing approach to noise source visualization: Application to a diesel engine“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018144.

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To identify sound source locations by using Fourier-based Near-field Acoustical Holography (NAH), a large number of microphone measurements is generally required to span the source region and ensure a sufficiently high spatial sampling rate. As a result, such measurements are costly, a fact which has discouraged the industrial application of NAH to identify sound source locations. However, recently, compressive sensing approaches have made it feasible to identify concentrated sound sources with a limited number of microphone measurements. In the present work, sound radiation from the front face of a diesel engine was measured by using one set of measurements from a 35-channel combo-array. The locations of significant noise sources were then identified by using three compressive sensing algorithms: Wideband Acoustical Holography (WBH), l1-norm minimization, and a hybrid approach which combined WBH and l1-norm minimization. The latter approach takes advantage of the l1’ norm’s ability to locate spatially distinct sources, and WBH’s ability to suppress “ghost” sources. It was found that the hybrid algorithm can localize and visualize the major noise sources over a broad range of frequencies, even though using a relatively small number of microphones. Finally, comments are made regarding sound field reconstruction differences between the algorithms.

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Lazarchick, J. „Fungal Inclusions in WBCs“. ASH Image Bank 2002, Nr. 1015 (15.10.2002): 100502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/ashimagebank-2002-100502.

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Grady, Jeffrey O. „Product-Only WBS“. INCOSE International Symposium 7, Nr. 1 (August 1997): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.1997.tb02216.x.

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Adu-Gyasi, Dennis, Kwaku Poku Asante, Sam Newton, Sabastina Amoako, David Dosoo, Love Ankrah, George Adjei, Seeba Amenga-Etego und Seth Owusu-Agyei. „Malaria Parasite Density Estimated with White Blood Cells Count Reference Value Agrees with Density Estimated with Absolute in Children Less Than 5 Years in Central Ghana“. Malaria Research and Treatment 2015 (07.04.2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/923674.

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Introduction. The estimation of malaria parasite density using a microscope heavily relies on White Blood Cells (WBCs) counts. An assumed WBCs count of 8000/µL has been accepted as reasonably accurate in estimating malaria parasite densities due to the challenge to accurately determine WBCs count. Method. The study used 4944 pieces of laboratory data of consented participants of age group less than 5 years. The study compared parasite densities of absolute WBCs, assumed WBCs, and the WBCs reference values in Central Ghana. Ethical approvals were given by three ethics committees. Results. The mean (±SD) WBCs and geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) were 10500/µL (±4.1) and 10644/µL (95% CI 9986/µL to 11346/µL), respectively. The difference in the GMPD compared using absolute WBCs and densities of assumed WBCs was significantly lower. The difference in GMPD obtained with an assumed WBCs count and that of the WBCs reference values for the study area, 10400/µL and 9200/µL for children in different age groups, were not significant. Discussion. Significant errors could result when assumed WBCs count is used to estimate malaria parasite density in children. GMPD generated with WBCs reference values statistically agreed with density from the absolute WBCs. When obtaining absolute WBC is not possible, the reference value can be used to estimate parasite density.

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Castillo, Alexy Gene, und Josephine Dela Cruz. „Improving Inland Aquaculture: A WBIS Perspective“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 803 (28.05.2020): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/803/1/012011.

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Choi, J. W., J. Y. Choi, K. K. Joo und H. J. Woo. „Development of water-based liquid scintillator based on hydrophilic-lipophilic balance index“. Physica Scripta 97, Nr. 4 (17.03.2022): 045304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5bbd.

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Abstract Liquid scintillator (LS) dissolves a scintillating fluor in an organic base solvent to emit light. LS emits light when it receives energy from external sources. In this study, we developed a water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS), where a surfactant was used to mix water and oil. There are various surfactants in the market, hence, finding a suitable surfactant plays an important role in synthesizing liquid scintillators using water. We performed a feasibility study on synthesizing WbLS based on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) index. As far as we are concerned, no literature report on the investigation of WbLS using HLB index has been found. Long-term stability is very important for the WbLS, and it needs to be observed for at least a year for any changes. Meanwhile, as an application of WbLS, sinogram analysis was performed with Radon transformation. It was possible to reconstruct transverse images with longitudinal photo images of the WbLS sample. Optical tomography was done by combining WbLS and digital camera.

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Brierley, Daniel J., Paula M. Farthing und Sandra Zijlstra-Shaw. „Assessors’ and trainees’ perceptions of workplace-based assessments in histopathology“. Journal of Clinical Pathology 71, Nr. 12 (08.09.2018): 1100–1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205361.

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AimWorkplace-based assessments (WBAs) are an integral part of specialist medical and dental training in the UK. Histopathology represents a very different training environment to the surgical specialities so it is important to know that the current WBAs are fit for purpose. A literature search revealed very little evidence regarding the perception of WBAs in histopathology. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the current perception of WBAs in histopathology by assessors and trainees.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to all histopathology assessors and trainees on the Royal College of Pathologists database. Data were analysed using basic descriptive statistics. Free text comments were analysed by thematic analysis.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 242/2175 assessors (response rate 11.1%) and 91/519 trainees (response rate 17.5%). There was no significantly different perception of WBAs between trainers and trainees (p>0.05). Key findings included respondents stating that they strongly disagreed or disagreed WBAs identify diagnostic competence (68% of trainees; 62% of assessors), identify trainees in difficulty (69% of trainees; 64% of assessors) or accurately reflect trainee progress (62% of trainees; 59% of assessors). Analysis of free text comments identified three main issues related to WBAs: their utilisation, purpose and design.ConclusionThere was an overall negative perception of WBAs, particularly their perceived regulatory nature. It appears that the current WBAs do not always meet the criteria of a useful test in that they are perceived as being applied variably, produce results with questionable validity and have little apparent educational value.

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Auletta, S., D. Riolo, M. Varani, C. Lauri, F. Galli und A. Signore. „Labelling and Clinical Performance of Human Leukocytes Labelled with 99mTc-HMPAO Using Leukokit® with Gelofusine versus Leukokit® with HES as Sedimentation Agent“. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2019 (25.03.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4368342.

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The scintigraphy with radiolabelled autologous leukocytes (WBCs) is considered the gold-standard technique for imaging infections. Leukokit® is a commercially available, disposable, sterile kit for labelling WBCs ex vivo. In this kit, WBCs isolation from red blood cells (RBCs) was performed using poly(O-2-hydroxyethyl)starch (HES) as the RBCs sedimentation agent. Due to its poor availability, HES has been recently replaced by Gelofusine as the RBC sedimentation agent. The aim of this study was to compare the labelling efficiency and the diagnostic accuracy of WBCs labelled with Leukokit® with HES vs Leukokit® with Gelofusine. WBCs were isolated using HES or Gelofusine for 45 minutes and then purified from platelets (PLTs) and labelled with 1.1 ± 0.3 GBq of freshly prepared 99mTc-HMPAO. The following parameters were evaluated: the number and type of recovered WBCs, RBCs contamination, PLTs contamination, vitality of neutrophils, and chemotactic properties of neutrophils. Clinical comparison was performed between 80 patients (33 males; age 67.5 ± 14.2) injected with 99mTc-HMPAO-WBCs, using HES as the sedimentation agent, and 92 patients (38 males; age 68.2 ± 12.8) injected with 99mTc-HMPAO-WBCs using Gelofusine as the sedimentation agent. Patients were affected by prosthetic joint infections, peripheral bone osteomyelitis, or vascular graft infection. We compared radiolabelling efficiency (LE), final recovery yield (RY), and diagnostic outcome based on microbiology or 2-year follow-up. Results showed that HES provides the lowest RBCs and PLTs contamination, but Gelofusine provides the highest WBC recovery. Both agents did not influence the chemotactic properties of WBCs, and no differences were found in terms of LE and RY. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also not significantly different for WBCs labelled with both agents (diagnostic accuracy 90.9%, CI = 74.9–96.1 vs 98.3%, CI = 90.8–100, for HES and Gelofusine, respectively). In conclusion, Gelofusine can be considered a suitable alternative of HES for WBCs separation and labelling.

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Chang, Yawen, und Fujuan Liu. „Review of Waterproof Breathable Membranes: Preparation, Performance and Applications in the Textile Field“. Materials 16, Nr. 15 (29.07.2023): 5339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155339.

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Waterproof breathable membranes (WBMs) characterized by a specific internal structure, allowing air and water vapor to be transferred from one side to the other while preventing liquid water penetration, have attracted much attention from researchers. WBMs combine lamination and other technologies with textile materials to form waterproof breathable fabrics, which play a key role in outdoor sports clothing, medical clothing, military clothing, etc. Herein, a systematic overview of the recent progress of WBMs is provided, including the principles of waterproofness and breathability, common preparation methods and the applications of WBMs. Discussion starts with the waterproof and breathable mechanisms of two different membranes: hydrophilic non-porous membranes and hydrophobic microporous membranes. Then evaluation criteria and common preparation methods for WBMs are presented. In addition, treatment processes that promote water vapor transmission and prominent applications in the textile field are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of WBMs are also explored.

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Ghannadiasl, Fatemeh. „Associations between white blood cells count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults“. Nutrition & Food Science 50, Nr. 6 (04.01.2020): 1013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-08-2019-0270.

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Purpose The elevated white blood cells (WBCs) count has been reported to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to determine the associations between WBCs count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, the authors evaluated the body mass index (BMI) in 392 apparently healthy young adults of both sexes. The WBCs count was measured using standard counter techniques. The inclusion criteria were the agreement to participate in the study, between 18 and 25 years of age, lack of self-reported diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, kidney and infectious diseases. Findings According to the BMI classification, underweight and overweight or obesity were observed in 14.58 and 11.48 per cent of young adults, respectively. The mean WBC was 6.5 ± 1.5 (×10³ cells/µL). Higher values of WBCs were found in women than in men (p = 0.02). The young adults with higher BMI had a higher WBCs count. There was a positive correlation between WBCs count and weight and BMI (r = 0.19 and r = 0.22, p < 0.001, respectively). Research limitations/implications This research was a cross-sectional study. Future studies are suggested using longitudinal studies to examine more relationships between obesity and WBCs count in apparently healthy young adults. Practical implications The results of this study provide evidence for weight management in this age group to reduce diseases associated with increased WBCs count. Originality/value The WBCs count was related to increasing levels of BMI per cent 2 C even in the normal range.

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Hagedorn, W. Bryce, Jack R. Culbreth und Craig S. Cashwell. „Addiction Counseling Accreditation: CACREP’s Role in Solidifying the Counseling Profession“. Professional Counselor 2, Nr. 2 (Mai 2012): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/wbh.2.2.124.

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Hayes, Kevin, und Emily Easter. „Work-place based assessments (WBAs): an update“. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 22, Nr. 7 (Juli 2012): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2012.03.002.

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Shezadi, Anjam, Muhammad Shahbaz, Irfan Baboo, Faiza Shakir und Misbah Shoukat. „Traffic Related Air Pollution Exposure Effect on Circulating White Blood Cell Counts in Healthy Individuals“. Journal of Bioresource Management 8, Nr. 1 (15.03.2021): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.1202.0170.

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During this short term study a total of 110 samples were collected from the selected individuals of study area. This study was aimed to count the White blood cells in the blood samples of individuals, who were mostly exposed to exhaust fumes (air pollution), like traffic constables, cooks and shopkeepers. For this purpose blood samples were taken into an evacuee container having anticoagulant Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) so to prevent coagulation of blood, for the count of WBCs, heamocyto-meter was used. During the study the body mass index and blood pressure was also measured by digital blood pressure measuring apparatus. Samples were observed under the microscope. It was found that 15% (13,133±2544.081) sampled individuals had increased WBCs and 85% (7821±1482.76) normal WBCs. In female samples 50% (11900±2151.27) were observed with above range of WBCs and other 50% (8540±844.39) with normal range of WBCs count, non-had WBCs count lower than the normal WBCs. Mostly had normal and few had above the range. One way ANOVA has been used to analyze connection of exposure to air pollution with counts of circulating white blood cells.

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Pearl, Rebecca L., Thomas A. Wadden, Ariana M. Chao, Olivia Walsh, Naji Alamuddin, Robert I. Berkowitz und Jena Shaw Tronieri. „Weight Bias Internalization and Long-Term Weight Loss in Patients With Obesity“. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 53, Nr. 8 (10.10.2018): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kay084.

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Abstract Background The relationship between weight bias internalization (WBI) and long-term weight loss is largely unknown. Purpose To determine the effects of weight loss on WBI and assess whether WBI impairs long-term weight loss. Methods One hundred thirty-three adults with obesity completed the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS) at baseline, after a 14-week lifestyle intervention in which they lost ≥5 per cent of initial weight, and at weeks 24 and 52 of a subsequent randomized controlled trial (RCT) for weight-loss maintenance (66 weeks total). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of weight loss on WBIS scores and the effects of baseline WBIS scores on weight change over time. Logistic regression was used to determine the effects of baseline WBIS scores on achieving ≥5 and ≥10 per cent weight loss. Results Changes in weight did not predict changes in WBIS scores. Baseline WBIS scores predicted reduced odds of achieving ≥5 and ≥10 per cent weight loss at week 24 of the RCT (p values < .05). At week 52, the interaction between participant race and WBIS scores predicted weight loss (p = .046) such that nonblack (but not black) participants with higher baseline WBIS scores had lower odds of achieving ≥10 per cent weight loss (OR = 0.38, p = .01). Baseline WBIS scores did not significantly predict rate of weight change over time. Conclusions Among participants in a weight loss maintenance trial, WBI did not change in relation to changes in weight. More research is needed to clarify the effects of WBI on long-term weight loss and maintenance across race/ethnicity. Clinical trials registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02388568.

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Mirabel, Thibault. „Survival advantage of worker buyouts over newly created worker-owned firms“. Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership 4, Nr. 3 (29.10.2021): 212–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpeo-08-2021-0006.

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PurposeVarious theories predict that firm buyouts survive longer than newly created firms. The study aims to know whether it is the case for worker-owned firms (WOFs), i.e. firms owned and controlled mostly by their workers.Design/methodology/approachThe author conducted a comparative survival analysis of French WOFs distinguished by their entry mode (i.e. newly created, worker buyouts (WBOs) of sound conventional firms, WBOs of conventional firms in difficulty or WBOs of non-profit organizations).FindingsThe hazard of exit is 32% lower for WBOs of sound conventional firms than newly created WOFs, 18% for WBOs of conventional firms in difficulty and 64% for WBOs of non-profit organizations. The current study confirms that WBOs, even of conventional firms in difficulty, have on average a survival advantage over newly created WOFs. Surprisingly, the author also shows that this survival advantage is similar across sectors with different knowledge intensity but is lower in high capital-intensive sectors than in low capital-intensive ones.Research limitations/implicationsEndogeneity issues limit the scope of the results and should be tackled in future research. Overall, these findings show that WOFs are composed of groups with different survival likelihoods that are obscured if one only looks at the aggregate population.Practical implicationsWith caution, support agencies could foster WBOs of firms in difficulty and of non-profit organizations as viable forms of entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe current study offers the first survival analysis distinguishing four modes of entry among WOFs.

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Luo, Jing, Shiyu Yuan, Jun Zhao und Yuping Sun. „Seismic Behavior of Concrete Columns Reinforced with Weakly Bonded Ultra-High Strength Rebars and Confined by Steel Tubes“. Materials 16, Nr. 21 (26.10.2023): 6868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16216868.

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The usage of weakly bonded ultra-high strength (WBUHS) rebars has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the resilience of concrete components due to their remarkable mechanical properties. To promote the application of WBUHS rebars, this paper presented an investigation on the seismic behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with squarely arranged WBUHS rebars and externally confined by bolted steel tubes. Eight columns, including two reinforced with normal strength (NS) rebars and six reinforced with WBUHS rebars, were fabricated and tested under reversed cyclic lateral loading. Experimental results showed that the columns reinforced with WBUHS rebars exhibited remarkable drift-hardening capacity up to the drift of at least 5% as well as significantly reduced residual deformation even when subjected to relatively high axial compression with an axial load ratio of 0.33 in comparison to the traditional ductile columns reinforced with NS rebars. Notably, the precast columns reinforced with WBUHS rebars, with an embedment length of 20 times their diameter, behaved nearly identically in terms of resilience as cast-in-place columns. Additionally, a numerical analysis was performed to assess the hysteretic performance, and the analytical results, with consideration for the slippage of WBUHS rebars, were capable of capturing the hysteretic performance of test columns.

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Lam, Xin-Hui, Kok-Why Ng, Yih-Jian Yoong und Seng-Beng Ng. „WBC-based segmentation and classification on microscopic images: a minor improvement“. F1000Research 10 (17.11.2021): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73315.1.

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Introduction White blood cells (WBCs) are immunity cells which fight against viruses and bacteria in the human body. Microscope images of captured WBCs for processing and analysis are important to interpret the body condition. At present, there is no robust automated method to segment and classify WBCs images with high accuracy. This paper aims to improve on WBCs image segmentation and classification method. Methods A triple thresholding method was proposed to segment the WBCs; meanwhile, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based binary classification model that adopts transfer learning technique was proposed to detect and classify WBCs as a healthy or a malignant. The input dataset of this research work is the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database (ALL-IDB). The process first converts the captured microscope images into HSV format for obtaining the H component. Otsu thresholding is applied to segment the WBC area. A 13 × 13 kernel with two iterations was used to apply morphological opening on image to ameliorate output results. Collected cell masks were used to detect the contour of each cell on the original image. To classify WBCs into a healthy or a malignant category, characteristics and conditions of WBCs are to be examined. A transfer learning technique and pre-trained InceptionV3 model were employed to extract the features from the images for classification. Results The proposed WBCs segmentation method yields 90.45% accuracy, 83.81% of the structural similarity index, 76.25% of the dice similarity coefficient, and is computationally efficient. The accuracy of fine-tuned classifier model for training, validation and test sets are 93.27%, 92.31% and 96.15% respectively. The obtained results are high in accuracy and precision are over 96% and with lower loss value. Discussion Triple thresholding outperforms K-means clustering in segmenting smaller dataset. Pre-trained InceptionV3 model and transfer learning improve the flexibility and ability of classifier.

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Aldallal, Ramy, Ahmed M. Gemeay, Eslam Hussam und Mutua Kilai. „Statistical modeling for COVID 19 infected patient’s data in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 10 (28.10.2022): e0276688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276688.

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The objective of this study is to construct a new distribution known as the weighted Burr–Hatke distribution (WBHD). The PDF and CDF of the WBHD are derived in a closed form. Moments, incomplete moments, and the quantile function of the proposed distribution are derived mathematically. Eleven estimate techniques for estimating the distribution parameters are discussed, and numerical simulations are utilised to evaluate the various approaches using partial and overall rankings. According to the findings of this study, it is recommended that the maximum product of spacing (MPSE) estimator of the WBHD is the best estimator according to overall rank table. The actuarial measurements were derived to the suggested distribution. By contrasting the WBHD with other competitive distributions using two different actual data sets collected from the COVID-19 mortality rates, we show the importance and flexibility of the WBHD.

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Samanta, Akash, und Sheldon S. Williamson. „A Survey of Wireless Battery Management System: Topology, Emerging Trends, and Challenges“. Electronics 10, Nr. 18 (07.09.2021): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182193.

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An effective battery management system (BMS) is indispensable for any lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered systems such as electric vehicles (EVs) and stationary grid-tied energy storage systems. Massive wire harness, scalability issue, physical failure of wiring, and high implementation cost and weight are some of the major issues in conventional wired-BMS. One of the promising solutions researchers have come up with is the wireless BMS (WBMS) architecture. Despite research and development on WBMS getting momentum more than a decade ago, it is still in a preliminary stage. Significant further upgradation is required towards developing an industry-ready WBMS, especially for high-power LIB packs. Therefore, an in-depth survey exclusively on WBMS architectures is presented in this article. The aim is to provide a summary of the existing developments as well as to present an informative guide to the research community for future developments by highlighting the issues, emerging trends, and challenges. In-depth analysis of the existing WBMS topologies will not only help the researchers to understand the existing challenges and future research scopes clearly but at the same time enthuse them to focus their research inclination in the domain of WBMS.

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Mohd Safuan, Syadia Nabilah, Mohd Razali Md Tomari und Wan Nurshazwani Wan Zakaria. „Cross Validation Analysis of Convolutional Neural Network Variants with Various White Blood Cells Datasets for the Classification Task“. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 18, Nr. 02 (16.02.2022): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i02.27321.

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White Blood Cells (WBCs) analysis is an important procedure to detect diseases is that closely related to human immunity system. Manual WBCs analysis is laborious and hence computer aided system (CAD) is a better option to alleviate the shortcoming. Since conventional segmentation-classification approach is tedious to configure, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) become recent trend for WBCs classification. Previously, there are many works proposed for WBCs identification. However, the models that can be generalised to works well among various datasets is remain vague. In this paper, an analysis of various CNN models which are simple Alexnet, embedded friendly Mobilenet, inception based Googlenet, systematic architecture VGG-16 and skip connection based model (Resnet & Densenet), are tested with three major WBCs datasets (Kaggle, LISC and IDB-2). From the rigorous experiments, it can be concluded that simple CNN model of Alexnet performs well across all three datasets with 98.08% accuracy on Kaggle, 96.34% accuracy on IDB-2 and 84.52% on LISC. This outcome can be utilise as a basis to improve the CNN classification model that can be generalize to works under various WBCs datasets.

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Jabłońska, Ewa, Marta Wiśniewska, Paweł Marcinkowski, Mateusz Grygoruk, Craig R. Walton, Dominik Zak, Carl C. Hoffmann, Søren E. Larsen, Michael Trepel und Wiktor Kotowski. „Catchment-Scale Analysis Reveals High Cost-Effectiveness of Wetland Buffer Zones as a Remedy to Non-Point Nutrient Pollution in North-Eastern Poland“. Water 12, Nr. 3 (26.02.2020): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030629.

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Large-scale re-establishment of wetland buffer zones (WBZ) along rivers is regarded as an effective measure in order to reduce non-point source nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution in agricultural catchments. We estimated efficiency and costs of a hypothetical establishment of WBZs along all watercourses in an agricultural landscape of the lower Narew River catchment (north-eastern Poland, 16,444 km2, amounting to 5% of Poland) by upscaling results obtained in five sub-catchments (1087 km2). Two scenarios were analysed, with either rewetting selected wetland polygons that collect water from larger areas (polygonal WBZs) or reshaping and rewetting banks of rivers (linear WBZs), both considered in all ecologically suitable locations along rivers. Cost calculation included engineering works necessary in order to establish WBZs, costs of land purchase where relevant, and compensation costs of income forgone to farmers (needed only for polygonal WBZs). Polygonal WBZs were estimated in order to remove 11%–30% N and 14%–42% P load from the catchment, whereas linear WBZs were even higher with 33%–82% N and 41%–87% P. Upscaled costs of WBZ establishment for the study area were found to be 8.9 M EUR plus 26.4 M EUR per year (polygonal WBZ scenario) or 170.8 M EUR (linear WBZ scenario). The latter value compares to costs of building about 20 km of an express road. Implementation of buffer zones on a larger scale is thus a question of setting policy priorities rather than financial impossibility.

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Kim, Eun-Mi, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Seok-Tae Lim und Myung-Hee Sohn. „Analysis of Cell Fraction of 99mTc-HMPAO Radiolabeled Leukocytes“. Current Radiopharmaceuticals 13, Nr. 2 (03.08.2020): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471013666200510015742.

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Purpose: 99mTc-HMPAO radiolabeled autologous leukocyte scintigraphy is routinely used clinically for infection imaging. Leukocytes are mostly separated via sedimentation. It is unknown whether leukocytes are clearly separated by sedimentation or selectively labeled. Therefore, in this study, the blood cell numbers were investigated after leukocyte radiolabeling to identify the cells strongly radiolabeled by 99mTc-HMPAO. Methods: This study was performed with leftover blood samples of the patients who underwent 99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy at Chonbuk National University Hospital (2018-2019). The blood of 22 patients was drawn for 99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy. WBCs were separated via conventional sedimentation at our clinic and radiolabeled. The concentration of cell components was determined using an automatic hematology analyzer. The cells in the final sample injectate sample were separated using Histopaque and counted with a dose calibrator. Results: The average numbers of RBCs, WBCs, and PLTs in the final injection sample were 79 ± 33, 23.26 ± 11.95, and 229.5 ± 206.57 x 103/μL, respectively. The PLT number was almost 10-fold the number of WBCs. The number of RBCs was nearly 3-fold higher than WBCs [RBC/WBC ratio = 4.67 ± 3.58, and PLT/WBC ratio = 10.65 ± 12.46]. Following Histopaque separation, the activity of each layer showed 99mTc-HMPAO labeling of WBC > RBC > PLT in order. The total activity/cell numbers of WBCs, RBCs and PLTs were 0.016 ± 0.010, 0.005 ± 0.005 and 0.003 ± 0.002, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although the numbers of RBCs and PLTs were highly increased after sedimentation, their individual cellular activity was lower than that of WBCs. 99mTc-HMPAO was more selective to WBCs than RBCs or PLTs. In conclusion, a higher number of WBCs were radiolabeled compared with RBCs and PLTs.

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Suntara, Chanon, Napudsawun Sombuddee, Saowalak Lukbun, Natdanai Kanakai, Pachara Srichompoo, Sompong Chankaew, Benjamad Khonkhaeng et al. „In Vitro Evaluation of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Tubers as an Alternative Feed for Ruminants“. Animals 13, Nr. 4 (15.02.2023): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040677.

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The purpose of the current study is to determine the effects of the replacement of cassava chips with winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tubers (WBTs) on gas production parameters, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation in ruminant diets. The study was performed using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangements and was designed using a completely random method. Factor A employed three various roughage sources that were frequently used by locals to feed ruminants: Oryza sativa L. (a1), Brachiaria ruziziensis (a2), and Pennisetum purpureum (a3). The levels of WBTs substitutions for cassava chips at 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% in the diet were selected as factor B. The experiment’s findings revealed that replacing the cassava chips in the diet with WBTs at levels of 66 and 100% enhanced the fermentation process by producing a high gas volume at 96 h when Ruzi grass (RZ) was used as the main source of roughage (p < 0.01). The interaction between the roughage source and WBTs showed that organic matter (OM) degradability improved markedly in the case of RZ grass in combination with WBTs at all levels. Both the total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) at 8 h of incubation and the average value decreased when a complete substitution of casava chips with WBT (WBT 100%) was employed or when employing rice straw as the main source of roughage (p < 0.01). There was no interaction between WBTs and roughage source on the ammonia–nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (ml/dL) and rumen microbial count (p > 0.05). In summary, WBTs can be used effectively when combined with grass (Ruzi and Napier). The implementation of WBTs as a novel alternative feed may effectively replace cassava chips without affecting rumen function.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 25, Nr. 04 (Mai 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1491-3999.

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庄納, 崇. „ワイドバンドシステム研究会（WBS）“. IEICE ESS Fundamentals Review 16, Nr. 1 (01.07.2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/essfr.16.1_28.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 05 (Juni 2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1843-5681.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 04 (Mai 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1823-1538.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 06 (Juli 2022): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1873-6877.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 25, Nr. 07 (September 2021): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1584-5961.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 01 (Februar 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1724-2177.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 02 (März 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1765-1814.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 03 (April 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1801-3729.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 25, Nr. 08 (Oktober 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1644-5493.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 24, Nr. 10 (Dezember 2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1302-9823.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 10 (Dezember 2022): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1972-1084.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Nephrologie aktuell 27, Nr. 02 (März 2023): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2019-8603.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Nephrologie aktuell 27, Nr. 01 (Februar 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1995-8091.

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Bundschu, Marion. „Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm“. Dialyse aktuell 26, Nr. 09 (November 2022): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1952-1924.

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荒井, 剛. „ワイドバンドシステム研究会（WBS）“. IEICE ESS Fundamentals Review 17, Nr. 1 (01.07.2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/essfr.17.1_85.

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Choi, Ji-Won, Ji-Young Choi und Kyung-Kwang Joo. „Estimation of Fluor Emission Spectrum through Digital Photo Image Analysis with a Water-Based Liquid Scintillator“. Sensors 21, Nr. 24 (20.12.2021): 8483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248483.

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In this paper, we performed a feasibility study of using a water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) for conducting imaging analysis with a digital camera. The liquid scintillator (LS) dissolves a scintillating fluor in an organic base solvent to emit light. We synthesized a liquid scintillator using water as a solvent. In a WbLS, a suitable surfactant is needed to mix water and oil together. As an application of the WbLS, we introduced a digital photo image analysis in color space. A demosaicing process to reconstruct and decode color is briefly described. We were able to estimate the emission spectrum of the fluor dissolved in the WbLS by analyzing the pixel information stored in the digital image. This technique provides the potential to estimate fluor components in the visible region without using an expensive spectrophotometer. In addition, sinogram analysis was performed with Radon transformation to reconstruct transverse images with longitudinal photo images of the WbLS sample.

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Suomi, Kari. „On Detecting Words and Word Boundaries in Finnish: A Survey of Potential Word Boundary Signals“. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 8, Nr. 2 (Dezember 1985): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001347.

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Two models are presented of how the listener detects words in utterances. The first model assumes that the listener takes advantage of phonetic word boundary signals (WBSs), non-phonetic information not being necessary for word detection. The second model assumes that word detection relies on the use of non-phonetic knowledge of the language, words being detected through the recognition of the preceding word. Thus WBSs may not be necessary for word detection. The WBSs suggested for Finnish are evaluated against this background. The phonotactic WBSs are found unreliable or useless, the others limited in applicability or experimentally unsupported. The models and the results of the survey will direct future investigations of word detection and recognition in Finnish.

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Robertine, Lontuo-Fogang, Vincent Khan Payne, Ntangmo Tsafack Honorine, Souleman Mounchili, Matango Murielle Saturine, Bup Rita Manjuh, Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar und Bamou Roland. „Trends of potential waterborne diseases at different health facilities in Bamboutos Division, West Region, Cameroon: a retrospective appraisal of routine data from 2013 to 2017“. Journal of Water and Health 19, Nr. 4 (15.06.2021): 616–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.027.

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Abstract Many Cameroonian cities lack access to potable drinking water where populations rely on alternative water sources of doubtful quality. This study aimed at describing the trends and patterns of waterborne diseases (WBDs) reported in some health facilities in Bamboutos Division between 2013 and 2017 as baseline data towards understanding the profile of WBDs in this area. A retrospective review of clinical data kept on patients who visited the main health facilities in Bamboutos Division from January 2013 to December 2017 was conducted. Overall, 39.1% (n = 8,124) of total patients were positive for at least one WBD. Categories of WBDs were dysenteries (18.6%), gastroenteritis (4.2%), viral hepatitis (0.2%) and typhoid was the most preponderant (24.4%). The most affected age groups were those above 24 years but significant differences were observed only in 2013 and 2017. Distribution of potential WBDs was locality dependent. The highest prevalence of typhoid fever was recorded in Bameboro (35.4%), dysenteries in Bamedjinda (20.4%) and gastroenteritis (17.3%) in Bamekoumbou. The study shows very high overall prevalence of WBDs in some localities which could be considered as ‘hotspots’ of WBDs in Bamboutos. This suggests the urgent need for setting up measures to tackle the challenges of potable drinking water supply.

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King, William, Krista Toler und Jennifer Woodell-May. „Role of White Blood Cells in Blood- and Bone Marrow-Based Autologous Therapies“. BioMed Research International 2018 (10.07.2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6510842.

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There has been significant debate over the role of white blood cells (WBCs) in autologous therapies, with several groups suggesting that WBCs are purely inflammatory. Misconceptions in the practice of biologic orthopedics result in the simplified principle that platelets deliver growth factors, WBCs cause inflammation, and the singular value of bone marrow is the stem cells. The aim of this review is to address these common misconceptions which will enable better development of future orthopedic medical devices. WBC behavior is adaptive in nature and, depending on their environment, WBCs can hinder or induce healing. Successful tissue repair occurs when platelets arrive at a wound site, degranulate, and release growth factors and cytokines which, in turn, recruit WBCs to the damaged tissue. Therefore, a key role of even pure platelet-rich plasma is to recruit WBCs to a wound. Bone marrow contains a complex mixture of vascular cells, white blood cells present at much greater concentrations than in blood, and a small number of progenitor cells and stem cells. The negative results observed for WBC-containing autologous therapies in vitro have not translated to human clinical studies. With an enhanced understanding of the complex WBC biology, the next generation of biologics will be more specific, likely resulting in improved effectiveness.

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