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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Wavelength dependency":
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Schmeissner, J., und A. N. Tyulyusov. „ROCKING CURVE OF A DOUBLE-CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER IN THE BRAGG-BRAGG GEOMETRY INCLUDING THE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT DEPENDENCY FROM THE NEUTRON WAVELENGTH“. Кристаллография 68, Nr. 4 (01.07.2023): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0023476123600180.
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An analytical expression is obtained for the rocking curve of a double-crystal spectrometer, which does not require restrictions on the absorption cross section dependency on the wavelength. A modeled rocking curve (instrumental line) for the Bragg–Bragg spectrometric scheme is calculated using the example of an InSb crystal in the region of weak dependency between the absorption cross section and the wavelength and in the region of wavelengths close to the absorption resonance.
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Nakamura, S. „Wavelength dependency of diarylethene derivatives“. Journal of Molecular Graphics 8, Nr. 1 (März 1990): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(90)80077-s.
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Schmailzl, Wolfgang, Claudio Piemonte, Stefan Schelhase und Walter Hansch. „Characterization of the photo-detection efficiency temperature dependence of silicon photomultipliers from -30°C to 70°C“. Journal of Instrumentation 17, Nr. 12 (01.12.2022): P12009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/12/p12009.
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Abstract We present photon detection efficiency (PDE) measurements of three different silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) and report the temperature coefficient of this parameter using a direct measurement method. This study provides first results in such a wide temperature and wavelength range, from -30°C to 70°C and from 365 nm to 900 nm respectively. To carry out this study we developed a setup providing stable illumination of the device under test in temperature. The PDE is evaluated using a photon-counting method and the wavelength-dependent PDE temperature coefficients of all devices are determined. The different designs are compared and the individual contributors to the temperature dependence of the PDE are discussed. The PDE is shown to be linearly dependent on temperature for all designs and the temperature coefficient depends on wavelength and bias voltage. At shorter wavelengths, the temperature dependency approaches values close to zero for one design whereas all devices show increasing temperature coefficients for increasing wavelengths. This study shows that despite the more complex designs of SiPMs, compared to silicon photodiodes, similar factors contribute to the temperature dependence of the PDE.
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Welch, John. „Demonstrating Wavelength Dependency on Medium Density“. Physics Teacher 47, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2009): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3225516.
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Zauner, Johannes, Herbert Plischke und Hans Strasburger. „Spectral dependency of the human pupillary light reflex. Influences of pre-adaptation and chronotype“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 1 (12.01.2022): e0253030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253030.
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Non-visual photoreceptors (ipRGCs) and rods both exert a strong influence on the human pupil, yet pupil models regularly use cone-derived sensitivity as their basis. This inconsistency is further exacerbated by the fact that circadian effects can modulate the wavelength sensitivity. We assessed the pupillary reaction to narrowband light stimuli in the mesopic range. Pupil size for eighty-three healthy participants with normal color vision was measured in nine experimental protocols with varying series of continuous or discontinuous light stimuli under Ganzfeld conditions, presented after 90 seconds of dark adaptation. One hundred and fifty series of stimulation were conducted across three experiments, and were analyzed for wavelength-dependency on the normalized pupillary constriction (nPC), conditional on experimental settings and individual traits. Traits were surveyed by questionnaire; color vision was tested by Ishihara plates or the Lanthony D15 test. Data were analyzed with generalized additive mixed models (GAMM). The normalized pupillary constriction response is consistent with L+M-cone derived sensitivity when the series of light stimuli is continuous, i.e., is not interrupted by periods of darkness, but not otherwise. The results also show that a mesopic illuminance weighing led to an overall best prediction of pupillary constriction compared to other types of illuminance measures. IpRGC influence on nPC is not readily apparent from the results. When we explored the interaction of chronotype and time of day on the wavelength dependency, differences consistent with ipRGC influence became apparent. The models indicate that subjects of differing chronotype show a heightened or lowered sensitivity to short wavelengths, depending on their time of preference. IpRGC influence is also seen in the post-illumination pupil reflex if the prior light-stimulus duration is one second. However, shorter wavelengths than expected become more important if the light-stimulus duration is fifteen or thirty seconds. The influence of sex on nPC was present, but showed no interaction with wavelength. Our results help to define the conditions, under which the different wavelength sensitivities in the literature hold up for narrowband light settings. The chronotype effect might signify a mechanism for strengthening the individual´s chronotype. It could also be the result of the participant’s prior exposure to light (light history). Our explorative findings for this effect demand replication in a controlled study.
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Agekyan, V., N. Filosofov, G. Karczewski, A. Serov, I. Shtrom und A. Reznitsky. „Spectroscopic evidence of tunnel coupling between CdTe quantum wells in the CdTe/ZnTe heterostructures“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012102.
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Abstract The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of CdTe/ZnTe double quantum wells (QWs) are studied on a series of samples containing two CdTe layers with nominal thicknesses of 2 and 4 monolayers (ML) in the ZnTe matrix. The QWs were grown in atomic-layer epitaxy and separated by ZnTe spacers with the thicknesses dsp =40−160 ML. The dependences of the relative intensity of shallow QW1 and deep QW2 PL bands (I1 and I2 , respectively) on the pump intensity (J) when excited by the lasers with different radiation wavelengths are investigated. It is found that in the sample with dsp=40 ML, the ratio Y(J)=I1/I2 depends on J and the shape of the Y(J) dependency changes with the excitation wavelength. In the samples with dsp > 70 ML Y(J) also changes with the excitation intensity J, but the shape of this dependence is the same for various excitation wavelengths. It is concluded that the energy relaxation in these samples is influenced not only by the tunneling of charge carriers from QW1 to QW2, but also by carrier relaxation at the nonradiative centers, for which the recombination rate is different for shallow and deep QWs.
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Virkkula, A., X. Chi, A. Ding, Y. Shen, W. Nie, X. Qi, L. Zheng et al. „On the interpretation of the loading correction of the aethalometer“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, Nr. 7 (17.07.2015): 7373–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-7373-2015.
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Abstract. Aerosol optical properties were measured with a 7-wavelength aethalometer and a 3-wavelength nephelometer at the suburban site SORPES in Nanjing, China, in September 2013–January 2015. The aethalometer compensation parameter k, calculated with the Virkkula et al. (2007) method depended on the backscatter fraction, measured with the independent method, the integrating nephelometer. At λ = 660 nm the daily-averaged compensation parameter k ≈ 0.0017 ± 0.0002 and 0.0042 ± 0.0013 when backscatter fraction at λ = 635 nm was in the ranges of 0.100 ± 0.005 and 0.160 ± 0.005, respectively. Also the wavelength dependency of the compensation parameter depended on the backscatter fraction: when b(λ = 525 nm) was less than approximately 0.13 the compensation parameter decreased with wavelength and at larger b it increased with wavelength. This dependency has not been considered in any of the algorithms that are currently used for processing aethalometer data. The compensation parameter also depended on single-scattering albedo ω0 so that k decreased with increasing ω0. For the green light (λ = 520 nm) in the ω0 range 0.870 ± 0.005 the average (± standard deviation) k ≈ 0.0047 ± 0.006 and in the ω0 range 0.960 ± 0.005 k ≈ 0.0028 ± 0.0007. This difference was larger for the near-infrared light (λ = 880 nm): in the ω0 range 0.860 ± 0.005 k ≈ 0.0055 ± 0.0023 and in the ω0 range 0.960 ± 0.005 k ≈ 0.0019 ± 0.0011. The negative dependence of k on ω0 was also shown with a simple theoretical analysis.
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Lang, Philipp, Robin Giereth, Stefanie Tschierlei und Matthias Schwalbe. „Unexpected wavelength dependency of the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of the well-known (bpy)Re(CO)3Cl complex“. Chemical Communications 55, Nr. 5 (2019): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08742c.
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The photocatalytic activity of bpyRe(CO)3Cl is highest when wavelengths larger than 450 nm are used – even if the compound hardly absorbs in this region. Mechanistic investigations suggest the wavelength-dependent involvement of different intermediates and reaction pathways.
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Virkkula, A., X. Chi, A. Ding, Y. Shen, W. Nie, X. Qi, L. Zheng et al. „On the interpretation of the loading correction of the aethalometer“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, Nr. 10 (21.10.2015): 4415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4415-2015.
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Abstract. Aerosol optical properties were measured with a seven-wavelength aethalometer and a three-wavelength nephelometer at the suburban site SORPES in Nanjing, China, in September 2013–January 2015. The aethalometer compensation parameter k, calculated with the Virkkula et al. (2007) method depended on the backscatter fraction, measured with an independent method, the integrating nephelometer. At λ = 660 nm the daily averaged compensation parameter k ≈ 0.0017 ± 0.0002 and 0.0042 ± 0.0013 when backscatter fraction at λ = 635 nm was in the ranges of 0.100 ± 0.005 and 0.160 ± 0.005, respectively. Also, the wavelength dependency of the compensation parameter depended on the backscatter fraction: when b(λ = 525 nm) was less than approximately 0.13 the compensation parameter decreased with wavelength and at larger b it increased with wavelength. This dependency has not been considered in any of the algorithms that are currently used for processing aethalometer data. The compensation parameter also depended on the single-scattering albedo ω0 so that k decreased with increasing ω0. For the green light (λ = 520 nm) in the ω0 range 0.870 ± 0.005, the average (± standard deviation) k ≈ 0.0047 ± 0.006 and in the ω0 range 0.960 ± 0.005, k ≈ 0.0028 ± 0.0007. This difference was larger for the near-infrared light (λ = 880 nm): in the ω0 range 0.860 ± 0.005, k ≈ 0.0055 ± 0.0023 and in the ω0 range 0.960 ± 0.005, k ≈ 0.0019 ± 0.0011. The negative dependence of k on ω0 was also shown with a simple theoretical analysis.
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Sassu, Lorenzo, Laura Perezzani, William A. Ivancic, Russell H. Barnes und Busolo Wa Wabuyele. „Oxygen Quenching Measurements for the S1 and S2 Fluorescence of Gas-Phase Fluoranthene“. Applied Spectroscopy 55, Nr. 3 (März 2001): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011951704.
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The fluorescence emission of the fluoranthene molecule has been investigated at excitation wavelengths varying from 240 to 360 nm, and conducted from near collision-free conditions to atmosphericpressure conditions. The oxygen quenching rate for the fluorescence of the F1 band (S1 → S0 transition) of fluoranthene at 340 nm excitation wavelength was found to be 1 × 109 L mol−1 s−1. The quenching rate for the F2 band (S2 → S0 transition) was found to be 100-fold greater for the wavelength region investigated. The wavelength dependency of the oxygen-quenching constants of the two transitions was also established in the excitation range from 240 to 332 nm. The influence of oxygen and nitrogen pressure on the spectral fluorescence bandwidth of fluoranthene and the oxygen-quenching constants for the S1 and S2 bands are reported. The results shed some light on fluoranthene's unusual inertness to oxygen quenching.
Michel, Rodriguez Mónica. „Wavelength dependency of phytoplankton photosynthesis : photoregulation and photoacclimation processes in coastal seas“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR007.
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La photorégulation et la photoacclimatation du phytoplancton sont contrôlées par les variations du climat lumineux (c'est-à-dire la quantité et la qualité de la lumière) à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales. Dans les zones côtières telles que la Manche, le climat lumineux est affecté par l'hydrodynamisme et les apports fluviaux. D'une part, le fort hydrodynamisme conduit à des processus de resuspension et à un intense mélange vertical, transportant les cellules à travers la couche euphotique et au-delà, dans la couche disphotique. D'autre part, les débits importants des rivières génèrent une augmentation de la turbidité avec les matières en suspension et avec la matière organique dissoute dans le carbone (CDOM). Tous ces processus induisent une diminution de la pénétration de la lumière dans la colonne d'eau et une modification générale du climat lumineux. Par exemple, le CDOM absorbe mieux les longueurs d'onde du bleu.Les processus de dépendance spectrale du phytoplancton tels que la photoregulation et la photoacclimation ont été étudiés pour la première fois sur des communautés naturelles grâce à un fluorimètre multispectral de nouvelle génération appelé MULTI-COLOR-PAM (Walz). Les relations photosynthèses-énergie (PE) ont été mesurées après une longue période d’acclimatation au noir à 5 longueurs d’onde, ainsi que le coefficient d’absorption fonctionnel de la lumière des photosystèmes II (Sigma(II)λ). Le développement d'un protocole original d'analyse de données combinant les techniques de Modèles linéaires à effets mixtes (LME), l'analyse triadique principale (PTA) et les analyses de redondance (RDA) a permis d'analyser un ensemble de données unique et complexe ainsi que de mettre en évidence la dépendance aux longueurs d'onde des processus photosynthétiques à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles Phytoplankton photoregulation and photoacclimation are controlled by variations in the light climate (i.e. quantity and quality of light) at different temporal and spatial scales. In coastal and megatidal seas such as the English Channel, the underwater light climate is also affected by the hydrodynamics and river outputs. In one hand, the strong hydrodynamism leads to resuspension processes and to intense vertical mixing, transporting cells through the euphotic layer and beyond, in the disphotic layer. In another hand, large river outputs generate an increase of turbidity with particulate matter and with carbon dissolved organic matter (CDOM). All these processes induce a decrease of light penetration in the water column and a general modification of the light climate. For instance, the CDOM absorbs better blue wavelengths.The wavelength dependent processes of phytoplankton such as photoregulation and photoacclimation have been studied for the first time on natural communities thanks to a new generation of multi-spectral fluorometer called MULTI-COLOR-PAM PAM (Walz). Photosynthesis light curves (P-E) were measured after long dark acclimation at 5 wavelengths, as well as the functional light absorption coefficient of photosystem II (Sigma(II)λ). Furthermore, the development of an original protocol of data analysis including Linear Mixed Effects Models (LME), Principal Triadic Analyses (PTA) and Redundancy Analyses (RDA) have helped the interpretation of this unique dataset and have highlighted the wavelength dependency of photosynthetic processes at different spatial and temporal scales
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Menzel, Jan Philipp. „Wavelength-dependent photoreactivity for macromolecular material design“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210196/1/Jan%20Philipp_Menzel_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a study of light-induced chemical reactions and the dependence of their reactivity and selectivity on the wavelength of light. Both experimental methods using tunable laser systems and light emitting diodes as well as computational simulation methods are developed that establish an understanding of light-induced bond-forming reactions. Information on wavelength-dependent reactivity is used to predict the rate of LED light induced reactions. The design of systems with chemical reaction pathways that are fully controllable by the wavelength of light paves the way to advanced 3D micro- and nano-printing of macromolecular materials through direct laser writing.
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Szafruga, Urszula Bozena. „Wavelength Dependent Strong Field Interactions with Atoms and Molecules“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430993131.
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Zhu, Yihong. „Wavelength-dependent polarization dependent loss and polarization mode dispersion measurements in fiber-optic devices“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ48192.pdf.
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Dunmeyer, David Richard 1978. „Polarization-dependent wavelength-selective structures for multispectral polarimetric infrared imaging“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38680.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-181). The need for compact, rugged, low-cost multispectral-polarimetric filtering technology exists in both the civilian and defense communities. Such technology can be used for object detection, object recognition, and image contrast enhancement. Mosaicked multispectral-polarimetric filter technology, using CMOS-type metallo-dielectric grating structures, is presented as a potential solution in which the spectral filtering and polarization filtering functions are performed in a single component. In this work, single-layer and double-layer metallic-grating structures, embedded in uniform dielectric are investigated. Spectral tunability using only transverse grating properties in a two-layer metallic-grating structure is demonstrated. Additionally, one-layer and two-layer slotted-grid rectangular-aperture two-dimensional metallic gratings for infrared imaging are also studied. To complement the simulations, thirty-nine separate infrared optical polarization and spectral filters were fabricated in silicon using the AMI 0.5pm / MOSIS foundry service, and they were characterized using polarized FTIR analysis. Polarized transmission spectra from these CMOS-based filters compare favorably with simulation results for four of the most promising filter types. An external-cavity-coupled single-layer metallic-grating structure, compatible with CMOS microbolometer detector technology is also offered as an application example. by David R. Dunmeyer. Ph.D.
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Munir, Riffat. „Effect of Wavelength Dependent Point Spread Function on Shear Measurements“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1462532342.
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Damianou, Damianos. „The wavelength dependence of the photoplethysmogram and its implication to pulse oximetry“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11400/.
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Since the early 1980s the increase in use of pulse oximeters in many clinical situations has been quite remarkable, turning it into one of the most important methods of monitoring in use today. Pulse oximetry essentially uses photoplethysmography to calculate oxygen saturation. Consequently the wavelength dependence of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) is of direct relevance in the performance of pulse oximeters. The experimental results obtained on the wavelength dependence of the AC, DC and AC/DC PPG components for the 450 - 1000nm range are undoubtedly different to the ones predicted by the current simple pulse oximeter model based on the Lambert-Beer law. Moreover, they show unexpected phenomena regarding the magnitude of the above components over the whole range, with distinct differences between the reflection and transmission modes. This is of significance to the technique of pulse oximetry suggesting that perhaps other wavelengths should be considered for use, and that use of both "reflection" and "transmission" probes on the same oximeter may lead to inaccurate readings in one of the modes. A finger model was developed and results from Monte Carlo simulations of photon propagation obtained. The results did not correspond to the experimental results, this is most probably due to either wrong parameters or model. Recent advances in the use of reflection pulse oximeters on fetal monitoring during labour, have raised the question of possible artifacts which may arise due to inadequate probe application in the birth canal. The importance of complete opposition of the reflectance probe was examined on an adult finger. False low oxygen saturation readings were recorded with malpositioned probes. A new probe with modified geometry was designed which offered an improved performance in reducing this artifact and further suggestions were given for its possible elimination. Finally, a proposal for a novel, visible multi-wavelength reflection pulse oximeter is presented with the aim of replacing current pulse oximeters in certain situations where their use is questionable.
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Raoufi, N. „Development of wavelength dependent pH optical sensor using Layer-by-Layer technique“. Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3668/.
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Stable and reliable operation of an optical sensor for pH monitoring is important for many industrial applications. This dissertation reports a series of studies on the development of novel and highly sensitive fibre optic sensors which are based on wavelength, instead of intensity changes and the development of thin film optical fibre working combinations for effectively enhancing the durability and value of the sensor probe. Several novel optical fibre sensors were fabricated and evaluated in this work. In order to measure the pH of a solution using optical methods, the sensor probes were prepared using layer~by-layer deposition techniques, a simple and versatile method to deposit a sensitive thin film i.e. active pH indicators on such optical fibre-based devices. In further work, the selection of a charged and water-soluble. pH indicator which introduces the highest wavelength shift, while varying the pH of the media, was investigated since the wavelength shift was considered as the basis of the sensitivity index. Brilliant yellow (BY) was applied as an indicator because of its greater wavelength shift with pH change compared to the use of other indicators. Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (P AH) was also used as a crosslinker. To this end, the layers of BYIPAH were deposited on the bare silica core optical fibre using the layer-by-Iayer technique. The research was then developed to optimize the design factors that have an important effect on the sensitivity of the device. Utilizing V-shaped fibre with small radius which coated six bilayers of (BY IP AB) prepared from a polyion solution of low concentration was seen to provide a sensor with wider range of sensitivity which presents a highly sensitive device working over a smaller pH range offering higher resolution.
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Clarke, Damien Geoffrey. „Long wavelength spectroscopy of charge dynamics and spin dependent processes in optoelectronic materials“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402899.
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SILVA, DANILO M. da. „Interferometria speckle com lasers de diodo multimodo para análise de materiais e dispositivo“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10004.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Dissertação (Mestrado) IPEN/D Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Craig, Rex M. Measurement assurance program for wavelength dependence of polarization dependent loss of fiber optic devices in the 1535 nm to 1560 nm wavelength range. Boulder, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003.
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G, Long David, und United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Dependence of the normalized radar cross section of water waves on Bragg wavelength-wind speed sensitivity. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.
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G, Long D., und United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Dependence of the normalized radar cross section of water waves on Bragg wavelength-wind speed sensitivity. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.
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Kräbs, Gudrun. Wavelength dependent induction and biosynthesis of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in marine macroalgae =: Wellenlängen-abhängige Induktion und Biosynthese von UV-absorbierenden Mykosporine-ähnlichen Aminosäuren in marinen Makroalgen. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004.
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Optical radiation is ubiquitous, and intense artificial sources find many applications in clinical practice, including zone illumination, diagnosis, and therapy. Its effects on humans are strongly wavelength-dependent, its hazards sometimes overlooked due to familiarity or masking by other wavelengths. This chapter examines non-laser sources of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiations, the risks likely to be encountered in clinical settings, the calculations needed to assess commonly encountered optical radiation sources, and the measures that can be taken to minimize the hazards to workers and patients, in compliance with the requirements of the Artificial Optical Radiation directive.
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Chance, Kelly, und Randall V. Martin. Radiation and Climate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199662104.003.0008.
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Global climate is controlled by an energy balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation. An energy balance is first developed using a simple one-layer model of the atmosphere and then made more realistic by distributing the atmospheric optical depth smoothly in a Gray Atmosphere Model. Wavelength-specific and altitude-dependent absorption and emission for the ultraviolet through long-wave infrared are described. Knowledge is combined into an overall Earth energy budget. The sensitivity of the climate to radiative forcing is examined.
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Chance, Kelly, und Randall V. Martin. Radiative Transfer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199662104.003.0004.
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Radiative transfer is the process of energy transfer during the propagation of electromagnetic radiation through a medium. The processes of extinction, due to absorption and scattering, and thermal emission are described. It is shown how they can be represented by wavelength-dependent optical thickness, due to absorption or emission cross sections and the number of absorbers, emitters, or scatterers. Cloud optical thickness and conservative scattering are described. The scattering phase function is introduced. Next, the general form of radiative transfer is given, and its applicability to the details of planetary atmospheric radiation shown.
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Mason, Peggy. Seeing the World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0015.
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Modern life is highly dependent on high-acuity vision, and this chapter emphasizes the mechanisms and pathways that support high-acuity or form vision. Because the most common visual impairment is refractive error, the refractive power of the cornea and lens is described at some length. The processes of emmetropization, accommodation, and far viewing are considered. The participation of the outer retina in phototransduction and the visual cycle are detailed, and relevant diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, are introduced. The neural processes that transform different wavelengths of light into color perception and common forms of color blindness are explained. Visual processing within cortex, including processing through the dorsal and visual streams, are presented. The process through which babies learn to interpret the firing in their brains as representing visual objects and the importance of the initial years of life to this process are described.
Buchteile zum Thema "Wavelength dependency":
1
Weik, Martin H. „wavelength-dependent attenuation-rate characteristic“. In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1913. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21029.
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Schiffer, R., und K. O. Thielheim. „Wavelength Dependence of the Zodiacal Light“. In Properties and Interactions of Interplanetary Dust, 249–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5464-9_52.
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Stalmashonak, Andrei, Gerhard Seifert und Amin Abdolvand. „“Off-Resonant” Excitation: Irradiation Wavelength Dependence“. In SpringerBriefs in Physics, 45–51. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00437-2_5.
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O’brien, P. T., und M. R. Goad. „Time Dependent BLR Photoionization Models“. In Multi-Wavelength Continuum Emission of AGN, 453. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9537-2_159.
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Underhill, Anne B. „Temperatures of Stars: Wavelength Dependent Interstellar Extinction“. In Exercises in Astronomy, 209–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3769-7_50.
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Koester, D., C. Weidner, J. Ising und R. Kotak. „Wavelength Dependence of Pulsation Amplitudes in DBV White Dwarfs“. In White Dwarfs, 269–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0215-8_82.
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Cavallini, Anna, Primo Gondi und Antonio Castaldini. „Induced Currents in Si: IRBIC Contrast Dependence on Wavelength“. In Dislocations in Solids, 373–76. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070914-88.
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Craciun, D., und V. Craciun. „Wavelength Dependence in Pulsed Laser Deposition of ZnO Thin Films“. In Science and Technology of Electroceramic Thin Films, 67–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2950-5_4.
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Ishikawa, Kenichi L., Klaus Schiessl, Emil Persson und Joachim Burgdörfer. „Interference Patterns in the Wavelength Dependence of High-Harmonic Generation“. In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 30–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95946-5_10.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Wavelength dependency":
1
Inoue, Akiyoshi, und Eiji Muramatsu. „Wavelength Dependency of CD-R“. In Optical Data Storage. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ods.1994.ma3.
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Annotation:
The CD-R System is currently gaining popularity in the Audio and Data field. During the course of development, it is important to comprehend the wavelength dependency of CD-R discs using organic dye material as one of the technological elements.(1)
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Shimamura, Kohei, Keisuke Michigami, Bin Wang, Toshikazu Yamaguchi, Kimiya Komurasaki, Yoshihiro Arakawa, Hans-Albert Eckel und Stefan Scharring. „Laser Wavelength Dependency of Laser Supported Detonation“. In BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION: Seventh International Symposium. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3657038.
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Koo, Ja‐Ho, Jhoon Kim, Jaehwa Lee und Hi Ku Cho. „Wavelength Dependency of Aerosol Optical Properties in Seoul“. In CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3116942.
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Havrilla, David, Stephan Ziermann und Marco Holzer. „Wavelength dependency in high power laser cutting & welding“. In ICALEO® 2011: 30th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5062323.
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Havrilla, David, Stephan Ziermann und Marco Holzer. „Wavelength dependency in high power laser cutting and welding“. In SPIE LASE, herausgegeben von Eckhard Beyer und Timothy Morris. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.906811.
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Fujimura, Shumpei, Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek, Pradipta Mukherjee, Yiheng Lim, Lida Zhu, Rion Morishita, Yuanke Feng und Yoshiaki Yasuno. „Wavelength and resolution dependency of dynamic optical coherence tomography“. In Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2024, herausgegeben von Natan T. Shaked und Oliver Hayden. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3001490.
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Namedanian, Mahziar, Sasan Gooran und Daniel Nyström. „Investigating the wavelength dependency of dot gain in color print“. In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, herausgegeben von Reiner Eschbach, Gabriel G. Marcu und Alessandro Rizzi. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.871869.
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Morana, A., E. Marin, S. Girard, C. Marcandella, J. Périsse, P. Paillet, L. Lablonde et al. „Fiber Bragg grating radiation-response dependency on the Bragg wavelength“. In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.2016.bw5b.4.
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Bohnes, S., V. Scherer, S. Linka, M. Neuroth und H. Bru¨ggemann. „Spectral Emissivity Measurements of Single Mineral Phases and Ash Deposits“. In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72099.
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The spectral and total emissivity of particulate ash deposits of different chemical composition which originate from lignite and hard coal fired boilers from Alstom Power and RWE Power were investigated with a spectral radiometer. Furthermore the emittance of all major single phases present in ashes and slag have been determined. The single phases under consideration were SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, Fe2O3, CaO and MgO. The results on SiO2, Al2O3 and MgO have already been presented by Linka in 2003 [6] and therefore the focus is on FeO, Fe2O3 and CaO in the current paper. A spectral radiometer measures the emittance as a function of temperature and wavelength. The temperature varies from 600 to 1200°C in steps of 50K. The wavelength range from 1 to 15 μm has been examined. The measurements confirm the dependency of the spectral emittance on the chemical composition. Especially the content of either FeO or Fe2O3 or CaO influences the emittance of ashes and slag. The single phase samples of FeO and Fe2O3 show a temperature dependence of the emittance in the wavelength range between 1 and 6 μm. The same character of emittance appears in samples with high fractions of FeO or Fe2O3. CaO shows no temperature dependency in the complete range of wavelengths.
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Chan, Eric K., Behrang Amini, Jennifer K. Barton, Ashley J. Welch, Sharon L. Thomsen, Robert C. Stoneman und Leon Esterowitz. „Wavelength dependency of soft tissue coagulation with a tunable cw laser“. In Photonics West '96, herausgegeben von Steven L. Jacques. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.239561.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Wavelength dependency":
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Lynch, D. K., und S. M. Mazuk. Wavelength Dependence of Cirrus Optical Depth. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399481.
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Glickman, Randolph D. Investigation of Laser-Induced Retinal Damage: Wavelength and Pulsewidth Dependent Mechanisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada286066.
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Cahoon, Erica M., und Jose R. Almirall. Wavelength Dependence on the Forensic Analysis of Glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Oktober 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada520695.
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Searcy, Stephen W., und Kalman Peleg. Adaptive Sorting of Fresh Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568747.bard.
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Annotation:
This project includes two main parts: Development of a “Selective Wavelength Imaging Sensor” and an “Adaptive Classifiery System” for adaptive imaging and sorting of agricultural products respectively. Three different technologies were investigated for building a selectable wavelength imaging sensor: diffraction gratings, tunable filters and linear variable filters. Each technology was analyzed and evaluated as the basis for implementing the adaptive sensor. Acousto optic tunable filters were found to be most suitable for the selective wavelength imaging sensor. Consequently, a selectable wavelength imaging sensor was constructed and tested using the selected technology. The sensor was tested and algorithms for multispectral image acquisition were developed. A high speed inspection system for fresh-market carrots was built and tested. It was shown that a combination of efficient parallel processing of a DSP and a PC based host CPU in conjunction with a hierarchical classification system, yielded an inspection system capable of handling 2 carrots per second with a classification accuracy of more than 90%. The adaptive sorting technique was extensively investigated and conclusively demonstrated to reduce misclassification rates in comparison to conventional non-adaptive sorting. The adaptive classifier algorithm was modeled and reduced to a series of modules that can be added to any existing produce sorting machine. A simulation of the entire process was created in Matlab using a graphical user interface technique to promote the accessibility of the difficult theoretical subjects. Typical Grade classifiers based on k-Nearest Neighbor techniques and linear discriminants were implemented. The sample histogram, estimating the cumulative distribution function (CDF), was chosen as a characterizing feature of prototype populations, whereby the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic was employed as a population classifier. Simulations were run on artificial data with two-dimensions, four populations and three classes. A quantitative analysis of the adaptive classifier's dependence on population separation, training set size, and stack length determined optimal values for the different parameters involved. The technique was also applied to a real produce sorting problem, e.g. an automatic machine for sorting dates by machine vision in an Israeli date packinghouse. Extensive simulations were run on actual sorting data of dates collected over a 4 month period. In all cases, the results showed a clear reduction in classification error by using the adaptive technique versus non-adaptive sorting.
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Ting, A. The influence of wavelength-dependent radiation in simulation of lamp-heated rapid thermal processing systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10169463.
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Letcher, Theodore, Julie Parno, Zoe Courville, Lauren Farnsworth und Jason Olivier. A generalized photon-tracking approach to simulate spectral snow albedo and transmittance using X-ray microtomography and geometric optics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Juni 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47122.
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A majority of snow radiative transfer models (RTMs) treat snow as a collection of idealized grains rather than an organized ice–air matrix. Here we present a generalized multi-layer photon-tracking RTM that simulates light reflectance and transmittance of snow based on X-ray micro- tomography images, treating snow as a coherent 3D structure rather than a collection of grains. The model uses a blended approach to expand ray-tracing techniques applied to sub-1 cm3 snow samples to snowpacks of arbitrary depths. While this framework has many potential applications, this study’s effort is focused on simulating reflectance and transmittance in the visible and near infrared (NIR) through thin snow- packs as this is relevant for surface energy balance and remote sensing applications. We demonstrate that this framework fits well within the context of previous work and capably reproduces many known optical properties of a snow surface, including the dependence of spectral reflectance on the snow specific surface area and incident zenith angle as well as the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To evaluate the model, we compare it against reflectance data collected with a spectroradiometer at a field site in east-central Vermont. In this experiment, painted panels were inserted at various depths beneath the snow to emulate thin snow. The model compares remarkably well against the reflectance measured with a spectroradiometer, with an average RMSE of 0.03 in the 400–1600 nm range. Sensitivity simulations using this model indicate that snow transmittance is greatest in the visible wavelengths, limiting light penetration to the top 6 cm of the snowpack for fine-grain snow but increasing to 12 cm for coarse-grain snow. These results suggest that the 5% transmission depth in snow can vary by over 6 cm according to the snow type.
