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1
Pongrácz, E. (Eva). „Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste management:evolving the Theory of Waste Management“. Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268210.
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Abstract
In an attempt to construct a new agenda for waste management, this
thesis explores the importance of the definition of waste and its impact
on waste management, and the role of ownership in waste management. It is
recognised that present legal waste definitions are ambiguous and do not
really give an insight into the concept of waste. Moreover, despite its
explicit wish of waste prevention, when according to present legislation a
thing is assigned the label of a waste, it is going to be treated like
waste, implicitly legislation thus amasses waste. The philosophical
ramifications inherent in such definitions mean that they are not capable
of constructing a system that, by its very nature, results in a
sustainable waste management system. It is also a fact that, while there
are numerous practices as to how to deal with a particular type of waste,
there is no theory of waste management. In this thesis, waste as a concept
is analysed from the point of view of why and when waste is created. Using
the PSSP language, waste is classified based on the Purpose and
Performance attributes. New, dynamic definitions for waste and waste
management are offered, which explain why waste is created and
intrinsically offer a solution to how the problem could be solved.
Additional waste-related concepts are introduced, which are thought to
have great potential for improvement on waste regulation. The concept of
ownership is explained as rights and responsibilities of waste
creators/owners: it is thus crucial to raising awareness about waste.
Ownership in itself often dictates which waste management options are
preferentially adopted by a given community. The role of legislation in
producing monitoring systems for the transfer of ownership as well as
abandonment of ownership is analysed. To avoid obstacles to resource
conservation due to materials being considered waste, a definition for
non-waste is introduced. The new agenda for waste management thus focuses
upon the development of more appropriate, sustainable definitions so that
what is now commonly perceived as being waste will in fact be increasingly
seen as resource-rich, 'non-waste'. The role of waste management is
explained as control of all waste-related activities, with the aim of
preventing, minimising or utilising waste. The need for a theory of waste
management is explained, and the first building blocks of the theory are
proposed. This thesis is offered as the first step toward scientification
of waste management.
2
FERREIRA, RICARDO BRANDÃO. „SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: VALUATION BY THEORY OF REAL OPTIONS“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17614@1.
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Os serviços inerentes à Limpeza Pública no Brasil são de responsabilidade municipal. Para tanto, as prefeituras podem licitar a operação destes serviços à iniciativa privada. Essa dissertação propõe a utilização da metodologia das opções reais para valorar um projeto de tratamento de resíduos sólidos para o Município de Niterói, considerando que existem diversas flexibilidades gerenciais e significativas incertezas em relação ao volume de resíduos a serem tratados. Dado que pelas regras do edital número 02/2008, o vencedor seria a empresa que apresentasse o menor preço para os serviços, a estratégia adotada foi valorar o projeto considerando o valor presente líquido do projeto base (aterro sanitário) igual a zero com a possibilidade de adicionar a segregação e comercialização de recicláveis e a implantação de uma usina de geração de energia ao longo da vida útil da concessão. Tal estratégia resultou num valor presente líquido de R$1.642.000.Public waste management services in Brazil are the responsibility of city municipalities, which may contract out the operation of these services to private enterprises. Within this work, the economic feasibility of a solid waste treatment project in the municipality of Niterói is analyzed in accordance with the rules established by the bid document n 02/2008. A real options approach was used for the analysis considering that there are many managerial flexibilities and significant uncertainties about the volume of waste to be treated. The bid rules award the contract to the lowest bidder, so the strategy used was to value the project considering the net present value of the base project (landfill) as equal to zero, and to consider the option of adding recycling facilities and the implementation of a power generation plant throughout the period of the concession. The result of this strategy was a net present value of R$1.642.000.
3
Fraser, Keith D. „Towards a theory of detritus : waste and value in consumer society“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594599.
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This thesis focuses on the complex cultural, social and material factors that combine to hasten the decay of value and precipitate disposal in contemporary consumer societies. I argue that the dominance in waste studies of constructivism as a framework for understanding the endowment of objects with value, has lead to an underestimation of the materiality of devalued materials and objects. This overemphasis on abstract value theory in dominant discourses, I suggest, necessitates a return to a more grounded theory of va1ue that can be re-integrated with both the material affordances of objects and political economy. I therefore reconsider and re-theorise Marx's concept of use-value in order to redress these concerns; particularly the tendency to treat waste as an issue autonomous of production in capitalist societies. I argue that use-value can be reinterpreted as encompassing symbolic as well as material aspects of objects and that Marx therefore provides a significant basis for reworking theories of waste and impurity. I also argue for a renewed emphasis on the changing temporal characteristics of objects and their value in order to counter the overly synchronic and spatial basis of classic approaches to dirt, waste and disposal. My argument is brought into critical engagement with the cultura1 theory of Mary Douglas and Michael Thompson's influential Rubbish Theory: The Destruction and Creation of Value (I979), as well as more recent engagements in debates. With reference to the thesis I develop, I ask whether it can be legitimately claimed that capitalist consumer societies are also necessarily 'throwaway societies' and I discuss the possibility that objects devoid of use and exchange values can offer a critique of the capitalist economic system
4
Gustafsson, Sebastian, und Gustav Blysell. „Kommunikationseffektivitet : Waste och kommunikationskanalens påverkan“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53385.
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Rapporten baseras på en fallstudie som gjordes på ett varuproducerande företag under vårterminen 2016. Rapporten är en C-uppsats skriven på informationslogistikprogrammet vid Linnéuniversitetet. Syftet med studien var att studera hur valet av kommunikationskanal och waste påverkar den upplevda kommunikationseffektiviteten bland de anställda på fallföretaget. Bakgrunden till studien grundar sig i att kommunikation är ett brett och viktigt område där det saknas forskning om kommunikationseffektivitetens påverkan av waste och kanalval. Kommunikationskanalerna utvecklas idag snabbare än teorierna som definierar dess användning, vilket gör uppsatsens ämne aktuellt. Teorierna som har använts i denna studie är Media richness theory [MRT] och Lean administration. Dessa har kombinerats och använts för att belysa hur den upplevda kommunikationsineffektiviteten kan ökas genom ett strukturerat kanalval på fallföretaget. Studien har haft en kvalitativ ansats med en abduktiv inriktning där resultatet kommer från individuella intervjuer med anställda på fallföretagets kontorsdel. Undersökningen visade att det finns brister i kommunikationen och att det påverkar kommunikationseffektiviteten på kontoret. Val av kanal görs individuellt utifrån vad personalen anser vara mest lämpligt då de inte ser helheten. Genom analysera och diskutera resultatet utifrån teorier framkom det att kommunikationseffektiviteten hade kunnat bli bättre om kanalvalen standardiserats.The report is based on a case study made at a product producing company in the spring of 2016. The report is a bachelor thesis and is written by students from information logistic programme at Linnaeus University. The purpose of the thesis is to study what the effect of the choice of communication channel and waste could have on the employees at the company. Background to the study is that communication is a broad and important field where there is insufficient research on how waste and choice of communication channels affects communication effectiveness and efficiency. Development of new communication channels is faster than the studies about them and therefore lacks important information how and for what the new channels should be used for. This gap makes this study relevant. The theories that have been used in this study are Media richness theory [MRT] and Lean administration. These have been combined and used to show how the communication effectiveness and efficiency could improve if the company uses structured choice of channels for communication. The approach of the study has been qualitative with an abductive emphasis where the result comes from interviews with the employees at the company. The study is only carried out in the office at the company and will not include any other areas. The case study shows that there are deficits in the communication and that it affects communication effectiveness and efficiency at the office. The choice of channels to communicate through is done individually today. This because the employees are missing the big picture. The study has identified that a standardization of the communication would improve the communication effectiveness and efficiency. The result has been identified by using theories while analysing and discussing the result of the interviews.
5
Smit, Kyara. „Food waste reduction interventions - Behavior or Practice?“ Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392542.
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The enormous amount of household food waste in developed countries is a global environmental and climate threat. To reduce household food waste, various behavior change campaigns and interventions are conducted. Most conventional behavior change interventions designed to reduce household food waste are based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and are information heavy. These have shown, however, to not be effective enough to result in a fast and sizable enough decrease of household food waste in developed countries, thus reducing climate and environmental impact in a timely and sizeable enough way. The more systemic, holistic and practically oriented Social Practice Theory (SPT) theoretical framework is proposed by different authors as an alternative to the conventionally used TPB theoretical framework to design (behavior) change interventions. SPT is thought to lead to greater and faster reduction of food waste at the household level and to a general change in the food supply system. Nevertheless, interventions are oftennot created according to their proposed theoretical framework and no “direct” comparison between both theoreticalframeworks at the intervention level has been conducted. This thesis compares two case studies describing food waste reduction interventions, one with a TPB theoretical framework and the other with a SPT theoretical framework. The results show that when considering food waste reduction interventions at the household levels in developed countries the SPT might be a more effective theoretical framework for an intervention design compared to a TPB theoretical framework. Specifically, the SPT theoretical framework includes more relevant system stakeholders in the intervention creation leading to a more context specific design. Additionally, the emphasis of actual “doing” in an intervention based on an SPT theoretical framework createsa potential for more long-term change, compared to a TPB theoretical framework. However, this thesis also suggests that merging of the two theories should be further research and discussed, because of the potential greater effectiveness in actual food waste reduction.
6
Papp, Carolle. „Controlling food waste – Home composting or biofuel production?“ Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22698.
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Ettsyfte med denna uppsats är jämförelsen mellan två behandlingsalternativ för matavfall, hemkompostering eller biogasproducering sett från klimatperspektivet. Koldioxidekvivalenter har beräknats för de två alternativen. Ett annat syfte har varit att studera den politiska processen för att förstå varför det först under 90-talet uppmuntras till att hushållen ska hemkompostera för att sen under början av 2000-talet förespråka rötning av matavfallet. Mina uträkningar och jämförelser visar att det är mer fördelaktigt för klimatet att röta matavfallet, koldioxidutsläppet blir mindre än vid hemkompostering. Mitt andra syfte visar att det kan finnas en klimatvinst genom att låta politiken fatta besluten men det kan även finnas en risk att det egentliga syftet med hemkompostering glöms bort och att hushållen måste betala för något som de egentligen inte behöver (matkärl) eller som inte kanske finns (tillsynen).One purpose of this study is to compare two treatment options for food waste. Home composting or biofuel production, seen from the climate perspective. The carbon dioxide equivalent has been calculated for the two options. The second purpose was to study the political process with regard to food waste to understand why Swedish households were encouraged to home compost food waste during the nineties only to early twenties advocate biofuel production. My calculations and comparisons shows that it is more beneficial for the climate to digest the food waste then composting since the carbon dioxide emissions is less. My second analysis indicates that while the political reorientation has led to environmental improvements, the effect has also been that to gain control of the food waste stream, waste management organisations effectively provide customers with no choice and economically punish households that have no food waste to collect since they have effective home composting.
7
Speranza, Monica. „Information Overload: Reading Information-as-Waste in Contemporary Canadian Literature“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42341.
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This thesis investigates three contemporary Canadian texts— Ruth Ozeki’s A Tale for the Time Being, Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake, and Rita Wong’s forage—that treat information as an object that can be wasted and recuperated. Using information theory and a new sub-field of critical waste theory called “Discard Studies,” I explore how the authors studied in this thesis place these two lines of thought alongside one another to examine how the concept of recycling information challenges the material, cultural, and ideological structures that distance humans from their waste. Specifically, I read the event of recycling as an interruptive act that triggers a reassessment of the (im)material connections that tether humans to their waste, vast (inter)national networks of exchange, and environmental crises related to our garbage.
8
Kazi-tani, Zakaria, und Alvarez André Ramirez. „Optimizing the Nuclear Waste Fund's Profit“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-163865.
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The Nuclear Waste Fund constitutes a financial system that finances future costs of the management of spent nuclear fuel as well as decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The fund invests its capital under strict rules which are stipulated in the investment policy established by the board. The policy stipulates that the fund can only invest according to certain allocation limits, and restricts it to invest solely in nominal and inflation-linked bonds issued by the Swedish state as well as treasury securities. A norm portfolio is built to compare the performance of the NWF’s investments. On average, the NWF has outperformed the norm portfolio on recent years, but it may not always have been optimal. Recent studies suggest that allocation limits should be revised over time as the return and risk parameters may change over time. This study focused on simulating three different portfolios where the allocation limits and investment options were extended to see if these extensions would outperform the norm portfolio while maintaining a set risk limit. Portfolio A consisted of OMRX REAL and OMRX TBOND indexes, Portfolio B consisted of OMRX REAL, OMRX TBOND and S&P Sweden 1+ Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond Indexes, and Portfolio C consisted of OMXR REAL, OMRX TBOND and OMXSPI indexes. The return of each portfolio for different weight distributions of the assets were simulated in MATLAB, and polynomial regression models were built in order to optimize the return as a function of the assets’ weights using a Lagrange Multiplier approach for each portfolio. The results depicted that the maximal returns of Portfolios A, B and C were 4.00%, 4.13% and 7.93% respectively, outperforming the norm portfolio’s average return of 3.69% over the time period 2009-2016.
9
Cabaniss, Amy Dyer. „Message Matters: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Increase Household Hazardous Waste Program Participation“. Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1414697787.
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10
Yang, Ting. „Maturation of Clay Seals in Deep Bore Holes for Disposal of Radioactive waste : Theory and Experiments“. Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65794.
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KBS-3 and very deep borehole (VDH) concepts are two major types of long-term geologicaldisposal methods for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) isolating from the biosphere. TheKBS-3V concept for isolating the HLW at the depth of 400-500 m, is the officially proposedoption in Sweden and has been the subject of considerable research in the past few decades,while the VDH concept was considered as an option in the 1950s but later became discouragedbecause of insufficient experience in drilling technology. The greatest merit of the VDHconcept is that the almost stagnant groundwater in the deep boreholes prevents the transport ofthe possible release of radionuclides into the rock or up to the ground level. Since variousdisadvantages of the KBS-3V concept were found in previous research, the superiority of VDHconcept attracted the researchers to continue studying it into the late 1980s.The geological repositories of both of KBS-3V and VDH types primarily consist of a naturalbarrier (host rock) and of an engineering barrier (also known as a buffer/backfill barrier).According to the principle of IAEA and national relative research organizations, thebuffer/backfill material should have low permeability and good expandability, as well assuitable physical and sealing properties.The thesis concerns the VDH concept and is focused on the construction and performance ofthose parts of the sealed repository that are not affected by high temperature or gamma radiation.In the lower part of a VDH repository, the clay packages containing HLW will be exposed tohigh temperature (100-150 ) in the borehole and to highly saline groundwater. In theinstallation phase of HLW, the groundwater will be pumped out and replaced by medium-softsmectite clay mud in which the HLW packages are installed vertically. During the hydrationand maturation of the clay components, the microstructural reorganization, water transport,migration of clay particles and redistribution of the density of the components take place. Thematuration determines the transient evolution of the clay seals and influences the rheologicaland soil mechanical behavior in the installation phase. The maturation of clay system alsodetermines their ultimate sealing potential of VDH repositories.This study presents the work carried out for investigating the maturation of the buffer-backfillclay in the HLW deep borehole. Initially in the study three types of clays, the Namontmorillonite,magnesium-rich and illite-smectite mixed layer clays, were examined for estimating their performance as the barrier candidate material. This is mainly presented in theliterature review. The experimental study was conducted on montmorillonite GMZ clays andI/S mixed-layer Holmehus clay. The expandability and permeability tests were carried out forinterpretation of the recorded swelling development and assessment of the effect of the salineconditions, with the goal of deriving a relationship between swelling pressure and hydraulicconductivity for different dry densities. The maturation tests of initially fully-saturatedHolmehus clay and partly saturated GMZ clay were performed. During the tests, the shearstrength mobilised by the relative movement of densified mud and migrated dense clay -contained in a perforated central tube - were determined. According to the results of shearstrength tests, the maximum operation time or the number of clay packages to be placed in asingle operation was evaluated, whilst the suitable saturation degree of the dense clay wasdiscussed as well.A model of the maturation of initially water-saturated clay seals based on Darcy’s law wasworked out and the evolution of the clay components in a lab-scale borehole using Holmehusclay were performed and compared with the experimental recordings. Good agreementsbetween the physical behaviors of the theoretical simulations and the measurements wasachieved by which the validity of the model was verified. Using the results, the hydration andsoil migration in the entire maturation process were presented in diagram. The model was alsoused for preliminary evaluation of the maturation products in real boreholes by assuming thesame Holmehus clay as used in the tests. Two constellation of borehole and dense clay withdifferent diameters, 80 cm borehole /60 cm clay and 80cm/50cm, were assumed. The resultsrespecting dry density and hydraulic conductivity of the ultimate maturation products, and thedegree of homogeneous of the buffer and backfill clay system in the assumed boreholes, arepresented and discussed. The options of different mineral types and initial physical propertiesof the candidate buffer clays provide a reference for engineering barrier design of HLW disposalin VDH.
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Weiss, Katherine. „Water, Waste, and Words in Beckett’s Plays“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2251.
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Bresdin, Cylphine. „Theory and Design Considerations of a Saline Ecological Landscape: A constructive method to reduce brine waste volume“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/294839.
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Pertinent abiotic and biotic factors and their interdependencies necessary to comprehend the ecology of saline systems are investigated and evaluated. A designed saline ecosystem is proposed as a constructive method to reduce waste volume. Landscape pattern is investigated as the vehicle for an evapotranspiration induced directional saline gradient. A demonstration site is used to explore conceptual design application of the idea of ecosystem pattern consisting of a linear sequence of ecotopes, each displaying its own ecological community in relation to salinity range and site context. Biota is relinquished to self-organization. Potential for research use of the ecosystem is illustrated.
13
Bhayankaram, Anand Prathivadi. „Consumer preferences and public policy : a case study of water supply and waste management in Madras (Chennai), India“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21408.
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This thesis examines provision of water supply and waste management in the Indian city of Madras (Chennai). It is concerned with identifying the central features of these two services in Madras, and understanding public attitudes towards their provision. It is based on the micro-economic model of consumer behaviour and the random utility maximisation approach. The empirical work is based on a survey of 148 households drawn by cluster sampling method. Using focus groups, a small number of options, representing various combinations of attributes of interest, have been developed. In the survey, each respondent was presented with some of these options and the price (a monthly charge) at which each option is available. They were requested to choose the most preferred option. The analysis indicated that decisions were made by consumers mainly based on the attributes of the options. Respondent characteristics seem to have a fairly limited impact. In the case of water supply, whether an option provides a yard tap connection or not was a significant attribute. A negative preference for an option requiring the consumers to engage in rain water harvesting and recycling was also seen. In the case of waste management, primary collection was a significant attribute. In both cases, there was no clear evidence that respondents consider attributes in a hierarchical manner. Other issues explored in the thesis are: developing a water balance sheet, extending Sen's entitlements approach to water supply, and an exploration of co-operation (from a survey of 16 neighbourhood associations in Madras, called Civic Exnoras). It appears that co-operation has a weak (negative) relationship with group size; an ambivalent relationship with the number of services. Where committee members work collectively, co-operation from households is likely to be high. Limitations of the micro-economic framework are noted and some issues for further research have been identified.
14
Zhou, Ying. „Determining sustainable waste management practices in college and university dining services using the theory of planned behavior“. Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4153.
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Löfquist, Lars. „Ethics Beyond Finitude : Responsibility towards Future Generations and Nuclear Waste Management“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Etik och Religionsfilosofi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8632.
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This dissertation has three aims: 1. To evaluate several ethical theories about responsibility towards future generations. 2. To construct a theory about responsibility towards future generations. 3. To carry out an ethical evaluation of different nuclear waste management methods. Five theories are evaluated with the help of evaluative criteria, primarily: A theory must provide future generations with some independent moral status. A theory should acknowledge moral pluralism. A theory should provide some normative claims about real-world problems. Derek Parfit’s theory provides future generations with full moral status. But it is incompatible with moral pluralism, and does not provide reasonable normative claims about real-world problems. Brian Barry’s theory provides such claims and a useful idea about risk management, but it does not provide an argument why future generations ought to exist. Avner de-Shalit’s theory explains why they ought to exist; however, his theory can not easily explain why we ought to care for other people than those in our own community. Emmanuel Agius’ theory gives an ontological explanation for mankind’s unity, but reduces conflicts of interests to a common good. Finally, Hans Jonas’ theory shifts the focus from the situation of future generations to the preconditions of human life generally. However, his theory presupposes a specific ontology, which might be unable to motivate people to act. The concluding chapters describe a narrative theory of responsibility. It claims that we should comprehend ourselves as parts of the common story of mankind and that we ought to provide future generations with equal opportunities. This implies that we should avoid transferring risks and focus on reducing the long-term risks associated with the nuclear waste.
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Bessonova, Ekaterina. „Design of Public-Private Partnership for Waste Management in Port-Au-Prince, Haiti“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194639.
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Waste management is a growing concern in rapidly urbanizing developing countries and Haiti is noexception. Excessive amounts of improperly discharged waste endangers unique tropical environment, appears to bea reason of fast spread of epidemic diseases, increases risk of floods during the hurricane season and contributes toclimate change. Due to various historical, economic, natural and socio-political reasons, public sector of Haitianstate is not able to provide decent waste management service. Public-private partnerships are a highly-advocateddevelopmental tool for involvement of private sector in delivery of public service, relocation of stress fromgovernment budgets, privatization and decentralization. The study was conducted in order to suggest an option ofPublic-Private Partnership project that would suit the context of Haiti. In compliance with the principles ofsustainable development and in order to increase energy self-sufficiency, waste-to-energy approach is considered asa suitable option for waste management delivery. Public-Private Partnership is understood as a social system,models of partnership are created with the use of system theory approach. Theoretical base is complemented withthe concept of PPP and Waste Management Theory. This descriptive single case-study is a examining the choice oftechnology for energy recovery from waste, degree of privatization and general problematic issues that might occurduring the implementation of the project in the context of Haiti. Small-scale anaerobic digestion through concessioncontracting with service providers was picked up as the most favorable option after the analysis of surveys amongqualified experts, local citizens and literature review on the matter. It was also concluded that lack of publicmanagement capacity is a major obstacle for implementation of public-private partnership for waste management inthe context of Haiti.
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Wajon, Eline, und Johanna Richter. „Students’ Intention to Reduce Food Waste : An approach with an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388830.
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The aim of this research is to develop the understanding of food waste behavior by analyzing student’s intention to reduce household food waste. The determinants Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioral Control (scope of Theory of Planned Behavior), as well as the Anticipated Emotions were therefore investigated. Data from a sample of 209 students at Uppsala University, Campus Gotland (Sweden) were collected with a web-based survey and used to identify the relevant factors. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that Attitude and Perceived Behavioral Control has a significant positive relation to the students’ Intention to reduce food waste. Subjective Norm and Anticipated Emotions did not reach statistical significance and could therefore not be used to draw conclusions. As a limitation, it must be considered that the focus is purely on the intention and the actual behavior was not part of the research. In addition, a missing universal definition of food waste leaves space for interpretation. What food (parts) is seen as edible depends on individual perception. People have different perceptions of what is edible. The findings of the research are helpful to recommend strategies on how to increase the intention to waste less food. Therefore it contributes to address the global issue of food waste. It outlines the factors that appear to drive the largest change in altering the intention to reduce food wastage.
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Jiang, Xianwu. „Hydrocarbon molecules databases for waste treatment applications“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST039.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la (dé)excitation vibronique et la recombinaison dissociative du CH+ par impact d'électrons de faible énergie. Nous développons d'abord une approche théorique de l'excitation (dé)vibronique de CH+ par impact d'électrons. Dans cette approche, la méthode de la matrice R à noyaux fixes est utilisée pour calculer les matrices de diffusion des électrons et des ions dans l'approximation de Born-Oppenheimer. Une transformation vibronique du cadre et la procédure d'élimination à canal fermé dans l'esprit de la théorie des défauts quantiques moléculaires sont utilisées pour construire une matrice de diffusion dépendant de l'énergie décrivant les interactions entre les canaux vibroniques de l'ion cible induits par l'électron incident. La matrice de diffusion obtenue tient compte de la série de résonances vibroniques de Rydberg dans le spectre de collision. Les sections transversales de l'excitation vibronique pour différentes combinaisons d'états vibroniques initiaux et finaux sont calculées. Un bon accord entre les sections transversales d'excitation électronique, obtenu en utilisant la théorie des défauts quantiques et dans un calcul direct de matrice R, démontre que l'approche actuelle fournit un outil fiable pour la détermination des sections transversales d'excitation (dé)vibronique pour des cibles avec des résonances électroniques de faible énergie. De telles cibles étaient difficiles à traiter théoriquement avec les méthodes précédentes. Dans le même cadre que celui appliqué aux excitations (dé)vibroniques, nous calculons en outre la section transversale pour la recombinaison dissociative à basse énergie de CH+ couplant la fonction de base de l'onde sortante définie par le potentiel d'absorption complexe. La contribution des trois états ioniques X 1Σ +, a 3Π et A 1Π les plus bas et la série de Rydberg convergeant vers ces états sont pris en compte. Les sections transversales DR obtenues sont quantitativement en bon accord avec les mesures expérimentales et présentent une caractéristique de résonance analogue à la courbe de la section transversale expérimentale. L'origine des résonances proéminentes dans les résultats calculés est analysée par le calcul des probabilités de DR pour les ondes partielles de l'électron incident. On constate que les ondes partielles de type d, notamment dσ, dπ et dδ, contribuent considérablement à la DR du état de terrain CH+. Cela peut expliquer les écarts observés entre la théorie et l'expérience dans les études précédentesIn this thesis, we investigate the vibronic (de-) excitation and dissociative recombination of CH+ by low-energy electron impact. We first develop a theoretical approach for the electron-impact vibronic (de-) excitation of CH+. In this approach, the fixed-nuclear R-matrix method is employed to compute electron-ion scattering matrices in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. A vibronic frame transformation and the closedchannel elimination procedure in a spirit of molecular quantum defect theory are employed to construct an energy-dependent scattering matrix describing interactions between vibronic channels of the target ion induced by the incident electron. The obtained scattering matrix accounts for Rydberg series of vibronic resonances in the collisional spectrum. Cross sections for vibronic excitation for different combinations of initial and final vibronic states are computed. A good agreement between electronic-excitation cross sections, obtained using the quantum defect theory and in a direct R-matrix calculation, demonstrates that the present approach provides a reliable tool for determination of vibronic (de-) excitation cross sections for targets with low-energy electronic resonances. Such targets were difficult to treat theoretically using earlier methods. Within the same framework applied for the vibronic (de-) excitations, we further compute the cross section for low-energy dissociative recombination of CH+ coupling the outgoing-wave basis function defined by complex absorbing potential. The contribution of the three lowest X 1Σ +, a 3Π and A 1Π ionic states and the Rydberg series converging to those states are taken into account. The obtained DR cross sections are quantitatively in good agreement with the experimental measurements and exhibit a resonanc feature analogous to the experimental cross-section curve. The origination of the prominant resonances in the computed results are analyzed through computing the DR probabilities for the partial waves of the incident electron. The d-type partial waves including dσ, dπ and dδ are found considerably contributing to the DR of the ground-state CH+. This may explain the discrepancies observed between thoery and experiment in the preceeding studies
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NIMNUAL, SOMKID. „APPLICATION OF MULTI-GROUP DIFFUSION THEORY TO MECHANISTIC MODELLING OF LEACHING BEHAVIOR OF SOLIDIFIED LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE FORMS“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184088.
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The application of multi-concentration group mathematical modelling to the leaching of radionuclide waste-forms which have continuous porous matrix such as cemented waste form is described. The modelling is illustrated analysing a hypothetical of some transport mechanisms such as molecular diffusion, ionic migration and convective flow for release of interest radionuclide from a solidified waste form which contains discrete particles of radioactive Sr-85 nuclides into the aqueous environment. The group parameters are derived from the classical electrochemistry concept of ion transport in dilute electrolytic solution. The numerical analysis is based on the Crank-Nicolson Implicit Methods which assures the stability of the solution at a practical time step. The results show that, for a short-time period of leaching in demineralized water the leaching behavior follows the predominating diffusion mechanism. After this point, the role of other processes apparent and continue until all radionuclides in the cement waste are leached out when compared to the Semi-Infinite Diffusion model which is based on pure diffusion mechanism. The multi-concentration group model can also be applied to long-term prediction of complicated release mechanisms of the radionuclides in the waste form of a particular disposal environment, unless the variables of interest such as the corrosion rate, the chemical reaction, erosion rate and etc. are determined by experiment or theoretical hypothesis. The appropriate differential equation then can be solved by the same general numerical approach. Also, the results of the modelling indicate which parameters should be measured experimentally in order to provide a quantitative test of the hypothetical release mechanism.
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Tamura, Kosuke. „The Demand for Solid Waste Collection in Accra (Ghana): A Willingness-to-pay Study“. Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1129154655.
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Song, MeiCheng. „The contribution of circular economy and the green supply chain management theory to mobile phone waste recycling and reusing system“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1271.
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S’adressant au difficile problème de l’élimination des déchets de téléphonie mobile, basée sur le concept de création de valeur partagée, de l’économie circulaire et de la chaîne d’approvisionnement verte, cette thèse a d’abord été démontrée dans des cadres théoriques et par la revue théorique de la littérature, puis a mis en avant l’idée et la méthode pour construire un système de recyclage de déchets de téléphone mobile basé sur ces théories. Pour faciliter le recyclage des déchets de téléphonie mobile au niveau pratique en Chine et dans d’autres pays, les problèmes existants et le mode de fonctionnement sont résumés, et l’espace d’utilisation des déchets de téléphonie mobile est élargi. Une analyse quantitative est appliquée pour examiner les indicateurs d’évaluation pertinents et les modèles mathématiques au niveau analytique. Cette thèse a principalement utilisé les quatre types de méthodes de recherche suivants: processus de hiérarchie analytique, analyse empirique, analyse quantitative et qualitative, ainsi qu’une intégration de l’analyse au niveau macro et micro. Grâce à ces méthodes de recherche, cette thèse a fait une analyse détaillée et une discussion sur le statut de recyclage, les facteurs influençants, l’effet d’utilisation, le système d’index d’évaluation complet, ainsi que les lois et réglementations pertinentes de gestion des déchets de téléphonie mobile. Après une analyse détaillée, la thèse a conclu que même si les preuves ont montré que les déchets de téléphones mobiles causent une pollution grave à l’environnement, une énorme quantité de valeurs économiques subsistaient pourtant dans les déchets des téléphones mobiles. Les faibles taux de recyclage et de réutilisation des systèmes pourraient être renforcés premièrement en améliorant le mécanisme économique basé sur les théories de l’économie circulaire, de création de valeur partagée et des chaînes d’approvisionnement vertes. Deuxièmement en améliorant l’innovation technologique. Troisièmement, en construisant un système pertinent de lois et de réglementations sur la gestion des déchets de téléphonie mobile. Quatrièmement, en établissant un système d’indicateurs d’évaluation raisonnable et efficace grâce à l’utilisation de modèles mathématiques. Et enfin, en subventionnant des activités éducatives pour promouvoir la protection de l’environnement et mettre en place un ensemble de systèmes de gestion qui impliquent le public, les gouvernements et les entreprises manufacturièresAddressing the difficult problem of eliminating mobile phone waste, based on the concept of creating shared value, circular economy and green supply chain, this thesis was first demonstrated in theoretical frameworks and by the theoretical review of the literature, then put forward the idea and method to build a mobile phone waste recycling system based on these theories. To facilitate the recycling of mobile phone waste at the practical level in China and other countries, the existing problems and the way of operation are summarized, and the utilization space of mobile phone waste is expanded. Quantitative analysis is applied to examine the relevant evaluation indicators and mathematical models at the analytical level. This thesis mainly used the following four types of research methods: analytic hierarchy process,empirical analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as an integration of the macro level and micro level analysis. Through these research methods, this thesis made a detailed analysis and discussion on the recycling status, influencing factors, the effects of use, comprehensive evaluation index system and relevant laws and regulations of mobile phone waste. After a detailed analysis, the thesis concluded that even though the evidences have showed that mobile phones waste cause serious pollution to the environment, an enormous amount of economic values still existed in the mobile phones waste. The low rates of recycling and reusing of systems could be strengthened first by improving the economic mechanism based on improving the economic mechanism based on the theories of the circular economy, creating shared value and green supply chains. Second, by improving the technological innovation. Third, by building a relevant system of laws and regulations on mobile phone waste management. Fourth, by establishing a system of reasonable and effective evaluation indicators through the use of mathematical models. And finally, by subsidizing educational activities to promote the protection of the environment and put in place a set of management systems that involve the public, governments and manufacturing companies
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Bolehovský, Petr. „Vliv umístění zařízení na nakládání s odpady na regionální rozvoj a síla vlivu NIMBY efektu ("not in my backyard")“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72752.
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NIMBY is widely used acronym for people's unwilingness to house noxious facilities in their immediate neighborhood. People feel that they are somewhat and they expect to be compensated for this. Goal of this thesis is to evaluate influence of monetary compensations on people's willingness to accept these facilities. Evaluates effects of Crowding Theory, extristic and intristic motivations on willingness to accept these facilities. Used method was qualitative analysis in form of controlled interviews with key stakeholders (mayor and town citizens). Author tries to evaluate if the NIMBY effect is the main reason for generally bad acceptance of this facilities. This thesis explores the NIMBY effect on construction of one of these facilities in town Chotíkov with a view on the gradual development of view throughout the population of this town.
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Johnson, Theresa Ann. „Hazardous Waste Site Proximity and Type 2 Diabetes: From Youths to Adults“. ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6224.
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Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in adults and youths. Persistent organic pollutants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as pesticides, dioxins, and organochlorines, are omnipresent and persist in the environment with potential for human exposure via contaminated air, waterways, soil, and human food supply. EDCs have been correlated with diabetes incidence and risks. Residential proximity to hazardous waste sites (HWS) has been correlated with increased hospital admission rates for diabetes. The study used a sample population (N = 1,724), ages ≥ 12 years from the 2005-2012 Continuous NHANES and HWS data from the National Priorities List of Superfund Sites. The ecosocial theory of disease distribution, and geocoordinates provided theoretical support. Mann-Whitney U test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between residence ≤ 1 mile compared with residence >1 mile from a HWS in NHANES surveyed counties of NJ, PA, NY, and CA on the outcome abnormal A1c ≥ 5.7% while controlling the effect of the moderators: abnormal body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and race/ethnicity on the relationship. Participants with a BMI ≥ 28.95 kg/m2 were 1.8 times and persons ≥ 58 years of age were 2.1 times more likely to have an A1c ≥ 5.7%. Also, non-Hispanic Whites residing >1 mile of a HWS had 82.1 % reduced risk of abnormal A1c compared with the same group residing ≤ 1 mile of a HWS. The results forge opportunities for future studies to consider border distance between residence and HWS. In addition, the results may promote positive social change through diabetes risks education, environmental health education, and practices and raise dialogue about social justice and the geographic distribution of hazardous waste sites.
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Cseh, Amanda. „Mapeamento do campo da gestão de resíduos orgânicos na cidade de São Paulo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100136/tde-03032019-111755/.
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A fração orgânica representa uma parte significativa da problemática dos resíduos sólidos dispostos em aterros sanitários. Esses resíduos, quando recebem tratamento apropriado, podem ser assimilados pela natureza, gerando benefícios socioambientais para a produção de alimentos, mitigação de mudanças climáticas e recuperação de solos degradados. O objetivo desta dissertação foi entender o estágio da gestão de resíduos orgânicos na cidade de São Paulo. Elementos da teoria de campos de ação estratégica foram aplicados ao estudo de caso exploratório e qualitativo. Foram realizadas 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes de organizações da sociedade civil, funcionários de empresas de limpeza pública, gestores públicos para levantamento de dados primários e a análise documental para os dados secundários. A análise sociológica do discurso foi utilizada para a discussão dos resultados. A gestão de resíduos orgânicos está emergindo como campo. Neste caso, os atores estão delineando coletivamente suas ações estratégicas e organizando-se em dois possíveis quadros: o quadro interpretativo dominante modelo de aterros sanitários e dois quadros alternativos: um voltado para a gestão centralizada e o outro que se caracteriza pela visão de uma gestão descentralizada. Por fim, identificou-se uma tendência de tênue mudança na trajetória no campo de gestão dos resíduos orgânicosThe organic waste is a significant problem in landfills disposal of solid waste. When managed appropriately, this fraction can be assimilated by nature, generating socioenvironmental benefits for food production, mitigation of climate change and recovery of degraded soils. This study sought to understand the organic waste management stage in the city of São Paulo. Elements of the theory of strategic fields of action were applied to the exploratory and qualitative case study. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of civil society organizations, public cleaning company employees, public managers for primary data collection, and documentary analysis for secondary data. The sociological discourse analysis was used to discuss the results. Organic waste management is emerging as a field. In this case, the actors are collectively delineating their strategic actions and organizing themselves into two possible frameworks: the dominant interpretive framework - landfill model and two alternative frameworks: one focused on centralized management and the other characterized by a management vision decentralized. Finally, a trend of a slight change in the trajectory in the field of organic waste management was identified
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Svensson, Krister, und Joel Jern. „Business Models within the Waste-To-Energy Industry : An investigation of the methods used to create, capture, and deliver value; and the influence that stakeholders have upon a firm’s business model“. Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16227.
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Waste-to-energy is currently at the forefront of clean technologies. It consists of the burning of different types of wastes (solid, liquid, gaseous) that provide heat and electricity. With high efficiency levels in energy production (80-90%) and low flue gas emissions, this type of energy production has quickly spread throughout Europe. In addition, laws created by both the EU and national governments have created new agendas regarding landfill and waste disposal. Problem: We have identified three different problems that currently exist: (1) the lack of academic literature which explores specifically business models within the renewable energy industry and the potential that business models possess in exploiting the opportunity within the market place; (2) which methods are effective within a business model in achieving the value that a firm wishes to create, capture, and deliver; (3) current academic literature does not provide enough understanding of the influences and pressures that stakeholders place upon shaping a firm’s current/potential business model. Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to examine the business models used by three different waste-to-energy firms in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden and to identify the methods used to create, capture and deliver value. Moreover, we aim to identify and investigate the stakeholders within the waste-to-energy industry of these three companies with the goal of explaining the influence and pressures they place upon the firm’s business model through the use of institutional theory.
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Pietikäinen, Vivi. „Look beyond the bin! : Solid Waste Management and recycling at the Asian Institute of Tecnology“. Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1972.
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The generation of domestic waste is at present less than 1 kg/day per person in Thailand, but generated amounts keeps steadily growing. This trend is closely connected to an increasing population and economic growth, something that is creating waste management issues. The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) outside Bangkok has the potential of being a leader in sustainable development in the Southeast Asian region, however a substantial opportunity is being missed – best environmental practices are currently not prioritized. Only 4 % of the total waste generated on campus is recycled at AIT, 3 % is composted and 93 % is taken to the municipal waste disposal site. Fluorescent light bulbs and other hazardous household waste are disposed on the campus dumpsite. Some measures have been undertaken in order to improve the solid waste management (SWM) at AIT, e.g. a new waste collection facility has been built in the outskirts of campus, where more space is provided in order to facilitate waste separation.
The field research for this study was carried out at AIT and the goal was to examine the SWM network, the problems and to analyse the recycling habits on campus. To investigate and visualize the actors involved in the SWM at AIT, the Actor-Network theory (ANT) was applied as an analytical framework. The generation of waste is the macro actor i.e. the reason for the existence of SWM. Other actors are the AIT students and staff (produce waste), the new Campus Environment and Development Committee – CEDC (the controlling part), environmental awareness (attitude towards recycling), and waste collectors.
The results from the survey witness of that people have a positive but somewhat cautious attitude towards the sustainability of source separation. Separating waste at source is a key mechanism for solving the SWM problem but people are uncertain of how to separate each waste fraction. There is a strong need to designate a coordinator of the SWM at AIT and as long as there is a lack of leadership, a goal of environmentally sustainable practices cannot be reached. The new CEDC is currently not performing any actions towards an integrated SWM.
Idag produceras mindre än ett kilo hushållsavfall per dag och person i Thailand men mängden växer stadigt med ökad befolkning och bättre ekonomiska förutsättningar vilket leder till sophanteringsproblem. Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) i Thailand har potential att vara en ledstjärna inom hållbar utveckling i Sydostasien men en stor möjlighet går om intet – den bästa miljömässiga tillämpningen i sophanteringsfrågan prioriteras inte. Endast 4 % av soporna återvinns på AIT, 3 % komposteras och 93 % hamnar på den kommunala soptippen. Lysrör och annat farligt hushållsavfall dumpas på universitetets soptipp. Vissa åtgärder har vidtagits för att förbättra sophanteringen på AIT, t.ex. har en ny sopanläggning byggts i utkanten av campus med ökad kapacitet för sopsortering.
Fältarbetet för uppsatsen genomfördes på AIT och målet var att kartlägga sophanteringen, nätverket kring den, problemen runtom, samt att analysera återvinningsbeteendet på detta universitetscampus. För att gestalta och utreda aktörerna som är involverade i sophanteringen på AIT, använde jag Actor-Network theory som ett analytiskt verktyg. Själva produceringen av hushållssopor är makroaktören, dvs. skälet till sophanteringens existens. Andra aktörer är studenterna och de anställda på universitetet (skapar sopor), den nya kommittén för Miljö och Utveckling på campus (den kontrollerande delen), miljömedvetenhe (inställningen till återvinning) och sophämtarna.
Resultaten från enkätunderökningen vittnar om att människorna har en positiv men försiktig inställning gentemot hållbarheten i källsortering. Källsortering är grunden för att lösa sophanteringsproblematiken men folk är osäkra på hur de ska sortera avfallet. Det finns ett stort behov av en avfallshandläggare för sophanteringen på AIT och så länge bristen på ledarskap kvarstår, kan inte målet om miljömässig hållbarhet nås. Den nya kommittén för Miljö och Utveckling på campus genomför för tillfället inga handlingar i riktning mot en integrerad sophantering.
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Ligon, Victoria K. „Shop More, Buy Less: A Qualitative Investigation Into Consumer Decisions That Lead To Food Waste In U.S. Households“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332880.
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Estimates suggest that 40% of the food grown in the United States ends up in landfills. Household losses are the highest contributor to volume of waste overall, and individual households are estimated to discard around 15% of their total acquired food inventory. Consumers are generally waste averse and a vast majority have been shown to object to wasting food in particular, yet almost all consumers discard a substantial volume of potentially edible food each year. This exploratory qualitative study sought to uncover underlying psychological mechanisms behind this discrepancy between attitude and behavior by exploring the decision-making processes that consumers engage in as they acquire, prepare, consume and discard food. By exploring the patterns of thinking that shape household provisioning practices through an initial in-depth interview, a two-week long household food diary and a follow-up interview with 17 diverse consumers, a grounded theory emerged to explain this counter-intuitive behavior pattern. Extending research from behavioral economics and decision making literature, data from this study suggests the following: 1) people evaluate cost of goods based on incomplete value estimations that fail to account for the costs associated with discarding potentially edible foods; 2) costs associated with the act of shopping are salient and encourage less frequent provisioning trips; 3) people do not adequately account for costs associated with overbuying and storing food; and 4) consumer strategies aimed at maximize efficiency in food acquisition through less frequent shopping trips may actually result in increased inefficiency in the form of greater waste and higher overall cost of goods. Based on emergent findings, a strategy for waste avoidance is presented along with managerial implications.
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Tricomi, Leonardo. „Development of CFD models applied to fluidized beds for waste gasification“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11333.
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Abstract: The thesis work is part of a project that aims to develop a reliable CFD model to investigate the fluid-dynamics of a fluidized bubbling bed during gasification of refuse derived fuel (RDF) from sorted municipal solid waste (MSW). Gasification is a thermochemical process that converts carbon-containing materials into syngas. In this specific context scaling up is challenging because it implies dealing with a complex chemistry combined to heat and mass transfer phenomena in a multi-phase fluid environment. CFD modeling could represent a potential tool to predict the impact of the reactor configuration and operating conditions on gas yield, composition and potential contaminants. Validation of CFD simulations for such systems has been so far possible using different sophisticated experimental tools, allowing to link the model with experimental data. However, such high tech equipment may not always be available, especially at industrial scale. Hence, this work focuses on investigating the accuracy and numerical sensitivity of two different CFD models employed in the characterization of dense solid-particle flows in bubbling fluidized beds. The key parameter adopted to describe and quantify the dynamic behavior of this multiphase system is the power spectral density (PSD) distribution of pressure fluctuations. This PSD function was used to assess the accuracy of CFD models using one set of operating condition. The same type of analysis, extended to a wider range of operating conditions, may lead to a robust validation of the numerical models presented in this work. In spite of his measurement simplicity, pressure drop data present a strong connection with the bed fluid-dynamics and its interpretation could help to improve the fluidized bed technologies very fast, pushing CFD models closer to applications.Résumé : Le but de ce projet est de développer un modèle CFD fiable pour étudier la dynamique des fluides d'un lit fluidisé en régime bullant pendant la gazéification de combustibles solides de récupération (CSR) triés à partir de déchets solides municipaux (DSM). La gazéification est un processus thermochimique qui convertit les matériaux contenant du carbone en gaz de synthèse. La mise à l'échelle est difficile dans ce cas car elle implique une chimie complexe combinée aux phénomènes de transfert de chaleur et de masse dans un environnement fluide multiphasique. La modélisation CFD représente un outil potentiel pour prédire l'impact de la configuration du réacteur et des conditions de fonctionnement sur le rendement, la composition et les contaminants potentiels du gaz. La validation des simulations CFD pour de tels systèmes a été jusqu'à présent possible grâce à l’utilisation de différents outils expérimentaux sophistiqués, permettant de lier le modèle aux données expérimentales. Toutefois, un tel équipement de pointe n’est pas toujours disponible, en particulier à l'échelle industrielle. Par conséquent, ce travail se concentre sur l'étude de la précision et de la sensibilité numérique de deux modèles CFD différents, utilisés dans la caractérisation des flux de particules solides denses dans les lits fluidisés bouillonnants. Le paramètre clé adopté pour décrire et quantifier le comportement dynamique de ce système multiphase est la distribution de la densité spectrale de puissance (DSP) des fluctuations de pression. La fonction DSP a été utilisée pour évaluer la précision des modèles CFD en utilisant un ensemble de conditions de fonctionnement. Le même type d'analyse, étendu à une plus large gamme de conditions de fonctionnement, peut conduire à une validation robuste des modèles numériques présentés dans ce travail. En dépit de sa simplicité de mesure, les données de chute de pression présentent une importante corrélation avec les lits fluidisés, de plus, leur interprétation pourrait aider à améliorer ces technologies très rapidement, poussant les modèles CFD plus près des applications.
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Kowey, Bernadette Nola. „An example of planning for sustainable production : the dry-cell battery problem“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29975.
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Growing awareness of world-wide environmental degradation has prompted the global community to explore alternatives to present human activities, and present economic development models. One concept which has emerged within this exploration is that of Sustainable Development. This thesis specifically uses the concept of Sustainable Development as Rees (1988, 1988a, 1989) and Gardner (1989) define it. Sustainable development will require substantial changes in the productive sphere. An 'energy spiral' is used to depict each stage necessary in the creation, use and disposal of a good. The social and environmental costs of each of these stages of production are explored. The positive impact of integrating re-use, recycling, recovery and replacement strategies into the consumption, production and disposal cycle for goods is described.
In this thesis dry-cell batteries are used as an example of products which create problems in their disposal: heavy metals contained in these batteries exist in concentrations which require these spent batteries to be considered hazardous waste. Responses to this problem in other countries are described and critiqued. Present methods and planned strategies for hazardous waste disposal within the GVRD and the city of Vancouver are noted, and analyzed as to the sustainability of these methods and strategies. Specific plans for the disposal of dry-cell batteries are described and critiqued.
Using the principles for sustainable development from Gardner (1989) and the 'energy spiral' together provides a synthesis of these two concepts. This framework provides planners and analysts a base from which strategies for sustainable production can be determined. The possibilities for use of this framework are explored, with a specific focus on dry-cell batteries. In considering
the whole life-cycle of such a product, and not just focussing on the disposal stage of that cycle, responses that are more useful and pro-active can be devised.
Some of the organizations and structures which presently exist and will be useful in establishing a base for the kinds of change that sustainable development will require are mentioned.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Selin, Janina. „Towards reducing food waste in a hotel breakfast buffet : A case study of Profil Hotels Calmar Stadshotell“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76322.
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Food waste is a major environmental issue. It takes electricity, water, and energy to produce food, to store it, to refrigerate it, to transport it and to prepare it. If for some reason the food is then not consumed, it goes to landfill, where it produces greenhouse gases. The fact that food waste is a significant contributor to the tourism industry’s negative impact on the environment has not received as much attention from tourism academics as one could expect, given the magnitude of the problem in tourism, neither has it been given much attention on how to handle it. This study therefore looks into ways to alter consumer food waste as well as identifying the opportunities of food service strategies that allow reducing food waste, while at the same time maintaining the quality of the service at a hotel in Kalmar. The research used social practice theory (SPT) and the concept of service quality as a theoretical framework to guide the collection as well as the analysis. The empirical work of this study consists of two phases, where firstly an exploratory phase was conducted to measure food waste from the breakfast buffet and to conduct a customer survey to point out possible initiatives to reduce food waste. The responses and results were then further analyzed to find patterns and themes which formed the explanatory phase, focusing on assessing the interest of hotel management to adopt solutions reducing food wasted from the breakfast service. The results and analysis proved that most participants, whether consumers or providers, already have a general idea of what sustainable food consumption means as well as engaging in sustainable practices and behaviors. The analysis of the results through the framework of SPT revealed that the factors that motivate participants to engage in sustainable behaviors resonate more to sustainable consumption rather than reducing the consumption, which can be a reason for the vast amount of food waste. However, the results revealed that though there is a growing movement towards reducing food waste as well as straightforward strategies that can be implemented to reduce food waste, there is still a need to try and change the fundamental behaviors to become more sustainable in that matter.
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Eik, Arne. „Eco-efficiency of waste management : A case study of the Norwegian deposit and recycling system for PET bottles“. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-674.
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The Norwegian system for depositing and recycling of PET bottles (Resirk/PET system)started in May 2000, and is based on Norsk Resirk's mission of improving cost- and environmental efficiency of this system. Has this been achieved? What can explain the changes that occurred in the system during recent years? I have found that the eco-efficiency of the Resirk/PET system increased considerably every year between 2000 and 2003. The net greenhouse gas (GHG emission was improved from -562 kg CO2e (562 kg CO2 equivalents avoided generated) for waste management of one tonne consumed bottles in 2000 to -1442 kg CO2e per tonne in 2003, while the net cost was reduced from 4062 €/tonne in 2000 to 2683 €/tonne in 2003. This eco-efficiency improvement was very much driven by the increased volume and return rate of PET bottles during this period. The environmental performance of the Resirk/PET system was high compared to other waste management systems for PET bottles, while the economical performance was considerably lower. The interactive development of the bottled non-carbonated mineral water Imsdal contributed significantly to the increase of the Resirk/PET system’s volume and return rate and hence the system’s improved eco-efficiency. A white spirit sabotage on Imsdal in August 2002 contributed to the development of Imsdal as well as the Resirk/PET system’s change of the design and material specification for participating PET bottles. By combining the quantitative eco efficiency framework with the qualitative framework of interactive resourced development, information about how much eco-efficiency of a defined system has changed, as well as an understanding of reasons for changes within the system, has been acquired. Such a combination should be possible to apply for analysis of other systems as well, and may be a valuable contribution to the field of industrial ecology since the methods complement each other in a fruitful way. The eco-efficiency of the Resirk/PET system can be improved further by:
- Regarding used PET bottles as a resource to be applied for production
- Reducing packaging tax for PET bottles
- Increasing the bottle deposit
- Keeping the PET specification updated
- Improving collection efficiency
- Improving cost efficiency of marketing and information
- Increasing compaction and filling degree of reverse vending machines
- Considering automatic sorting
- Keeping focus on producing high quality PET flakes.
In addition to having showed that the approaches of eco-efficiency and interactive resource development can be combined, this thesis may have implications on how ecoefficiency can be quantified in waste management systems, and how the concepts of adaptation and friction in resource structures are dealt with.
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Leonte, Daniela School of Mathematics UNSW. „Flexible Bayesian modelling of gamma ray count data“. Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mathematics, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19147.
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Bayesian approaches to prediction and the assessment of predictive uncertainty in generalized linear models are often based on averaging predictions over different models, and this requires methods for accounting for model uncertainty. In this thesis we describe computational methods for Bayesian inference and model selection for generalized linear models, which improve on existing techniques. These methods are applied to the building of flexible models for gamma ray count data (data measuring the natural radioactivity of rocks) at the Castlereagh Waste Management Centre, which served as a hazardous waste disposal facility for the Sydney region between March 1978 and August 1998. Bayesian model selection methods for generalized linear models enable us to approach problems of smoothing, change point detection and spatial prediction for these data within a common methodological and computational framework, by considering appropriate basis expansions of a mean function. The data at Castlereagh were collected in the following way. A number of boreholes were drilled at the site, and for each borehole a gamma ray detector recorded gamma ray emissions at different depths as the detector was raised gradually from the bottom of the borehole to ground level. The profile of intensity of gamma counts can be informative about the geology at each location, and estimation of intensity profiles raises problems of smoothing and change point detection for count data. The gamma count profiles can also be modelled spatially, to inform the geological profile across the site. Understanding the geological structure of the site is important for modelling the transport of chemical contaminants beneath the waste disposal area. The structure of the thesis is as follows. Chapter 1 describes the Castlereagh hazardous waste site and the geophysical data, which motivated the methodology developed in this research. We summarise the principles of Gamma Ray (GR) logging, a method routinely employed by geophysicists and environmental engineers in the detailed evaluation of hazardous site geology, and detail the use of the Castlereagh data in this research. In Chapter 2 we review some fundamental ideas of Bayesian inference and computation and discuss them in the context of generalised linear models. Chapter 3 details the theoretical basis of our work. Here we give a new Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme for Bayesian variable selection in generalized linear models, which is analogous to the well-known Swendsen-Wang algorithm for the Ising model. Special cases of this sampling scheme are used throughout the rest of the thesis. In Chapter 4 we discuss the use of methods for Bayesian model selection in generalized linear models in two specific applications, which we implement on the Castlereagh data. First, we consider smoothing problems where we flexibly estimate the dependence of a response variable on one or more predictors, and we apply these ideas to locally adaptive smoothing of gamma ray count data. Second, we discuss how the problem of multiple change point detection can be cast as one of model selection in a generalized linear model, and consider application to change point detection for gamma ray count data. In Chapter 5 we consider spatial models based on partitioning a spatial region of interest into cells via a Voronoi tessellation, where the number of cells and the positions of their centres is unknown, and show how these models can be formulated in the framework of established methods for Bayesian model selection in generalized linear models. We implement the spatial partition modelling approach to the spatial analysis of gamma ray data, showing how the posterior distribution of the number of cells, cell centres and cell means provides us with an estimate of the mean response function describing spatial variability across the site. Chapter 6 presents some conclusions and suggests directions for future research. A paper based on the work of Chapter 3 has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, and a paper based on the work in Chapter 4 has been accepted for publication in Mathematical Geology. A paper based on the spatial modelling of Chapter 5 is in preparation and will be submitted for publication shortly. The work in this thesis was collaborative, to a smaller or larger extent in its various components. I authored Chapters 1 and 2 entirely, including definition of the problem in the context of the CWMC site, data gathering and preparation for analysis, review of the literature on computational methods for Bayesian inference and model selection for generalized linear models. I also authored Chapters 4 and 5 and benefited from some of Dr Nott's assistance in developing the algorithms. In Chapter 3, Dr Nott led the development of sampling scheme B (corresponding to having non-zero interaction parameters in our Swendsen-Wang type algorithm). I developed the algorithm for sampling scheme A (corresponding to setting all algorithm interaction parameters to zero in our Swendsen-Wang type algorithm), and performed the comparison of the performance of the two sampling schemes. The final discussion in Chapter 6 and the direction for further research in the case study context is also my work.
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Reich, Alexandra E. „Balancing Tensions in Sustainability: Theory and Practices of Narrative-Driven Small Business“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1617813299771502.
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Hallgren, Sanderson Julia. „"Such a thing to waste words on" : Genus, sexualitet och Beloved i Robin Hobbs The Realm of the Elderlings“. Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Litteraturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35340.
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In fantasy literature, representations of gender and sexuality outside of the heteronormative binary have historically been limited. Although queer fantasy is on the rise, depictions of non-conformational identities are still rare and far in-between. This thesis seeks to examine one of the earlier fantasy representations of a queer character, the non-binary Beloved in Robin Hobbs fantasy series The Realm of the Elderlings in terms of gender and sexuality. Throughout the series, Beloved assumes different identities of various genders and sexual orientations, and continuously claims that these are all equally true and valid representations of themselves, although these are distinctly separated by ways of, often gendered, physical attributes. Therefore, a central part of this thesis will be to examine how these shifts between genders and sexual identities are established performatively, something I will do with the support of Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity as it is presented in Gender Trouble. While the text ultimately lends itself to a reading in Beloved’s favour, they are often othered and met with scorn from other characters of the series, something that is quite central to their characterization. Consequently, this thesis will also investigate these reactions and the often heteronormative and conservative stances they demonstrate, and, most notably, how these reactions mirror exterior societal attitudes and change in accordance with these.
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Valerius, Julian, und Niklas Wolf. „Motivators and barriers of bulkfood store customers : An examination through the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157630.
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The pollution of the oceans through plastics has received global wide media coverageover the last years. Also, micro-plastics in ground water and even in fish had beendetected, which leads to increased awareness of waste-reduction. Since the beginning ofthis decade, more bulk food stores open in Germany’s cities and provide an alternative toconventional, packaged products.Plastics and so-called micro-plastics have been found in the bodies of seabirds and in fish.There is an imminent danger of plastics ending up in the human bodies while it travels upthe food chain.In order to reduce their impact on the environment, an increasing number of customersengages in the zero-waste movement. To reduce single-use plastics, customers can shoptheir groceries in bulk-food stores, which allow shopping loose goods from largecontainers in contrast to individually packed items in regular supermarkets. Customerscan bring their own reusable packaging to buy mostly dry foods such as vegetables, pasta,nuts, grains but also some liquids such as oil, honey etc. The stores often also include anon-food section where additional consumable products can be bought.The paper identified a research gap in regards the store concept of bulk-stores which isan emerging trend in Germany since 2014.This thesis analyzes the motivators of bulk-food store shoppers in Germany based on anadapted version of the Theory of Planned Behavior by Izek Ajzen. The frameworkthereby builds upon research conducted by Maloney et al. (2014) who tested motivatorsof organic clothing customers.The research identified a significant positive influence of the Personal Norm and asignificant negative correlation between Perceived Expensiveness on the PurchaseIntention of the customers.The main barriers for bulk food shoppers were identified as the distance to the next store,the product portfolio and perceived high prices. Other issues have been discovered butwere – in comparison –only of secondary relevance.The paper contributes to closing the gap in literature between bulk foods and othersustainability-related topics, such as organic products and their production. Furthermore,it provides a foundation for future research on the topic.
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Conrad, Sarah M. „A Restorative Environmental Justice for the Prison Industrial Complex: a Transformative Feminist Theory of Justice“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801925/.
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This dissertation provides a feminist restorative model of environmental justice that addresses the injustices found within UNICOR’s e-waste recycling operations. A feminist restorative environmental justice challenges the presupposition that grassroots efforts, law and policy, medical and scientific research, and theoretical pursuits (alone or in conjunction) are sufficient to address the emotional and relational harm of environmental injustices. To eliminate environmental harms, this model uses collaborative dialogue for interested parties to prevent environmental harm. To encourage participation, a feminist restorative model accepts many forms of knowledge and truth as ‘legitimate’ and offers an opportunity for women to share how their personal experiences of love, violence, and caring differ from men and other women and connect to larger social practices. This method of environmental justice offers opportunities for repair, reparation and reintegration that can transform perspectives on criminality, dangerous practices and structures in the PIC, and all persons who share in a restorative encounter.
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Tůmová, Romana. „Implementace technik lean managementu na základě analýzy úzkých míst ve vybrané společnosti“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206274.
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The aim of thesis is implemention the chosen techniques of lean management in the company named European Trailer Systems Ltd. based on the identification of bottlenecks. The theoretical part provides basic definitions of bottleneck, Theory of Constraints, Lean management and selected methods of lean management. The practical part begins with the company's European Trailer Systems s.r.o characteristic while describe the current situation. Furthermore, the practical part will focus on the identification of bottlenecks that occur in company European Trailer Systems Ltd. in the production process of sliding roofs, will be followed by a proposal to eliminate found bottlenecks with using methods of lean management and possibly their implementation.
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Ek, Andreas, und Ingelsson Erik Engström. „Out of sight – out of mind The shipbreaking industry in Chittagong, Bangladesh“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22961.
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Shipbreaking industrin i Chittagong, Bangladesh är i huvudsak en fråga om miljöorättvisa på grund av exporten av miljöproblem och risk. Föreliggande examensuppsats syftar till att fylla bristen på kvalitativ forskning kring ämnet. För närvarande har en av de viktigaste rösterna inte varit en del av den akademiska diskursen – rösten från individer som bor i områdena kring industrin. Det empiriska materialet samlades in med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer under en två månader mindre fältstudie i samhällena som ligger kring industrin. Resultatet synliggör respondenternas syn på industrin och visar hur de är påverkade av den. Ett tydligt mönster framträder ur materialet och förkroppsligar teorierna som visar hur risk och miljöproblem exporteras från center, dessa absorberas sen av individerna i periferin. Export av miljöproblem, fattigdom och ökade risker utgör en kausalitet och skapar miljöorättvisa.The shipbreaking industry in Chittagong, Bangladesh is a matter of environmental injustice due to the export of environmental problems and risks. This thesis fills the current gap in research regarding qualitative material concerning the shipbreaking industry. Currently, one of the most important voice has not entered the academic discourse – the voice of the individuals living in the communities surrounding the industry. The empirical material was gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews during a two months field study in smaller communities around the shipbreaking yards. The result displays the respondent’s views on the industry, and show how they are affected by it. A clear pattern emerges and embodies the theories showing how risk and environmental problems are exported, these are then absorbed by individuals in the periphery. Export of environmental problems, poverty and increasing risks constitutes a causality and creates environmental injustice.
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Osička, Ondřej. „Využití teorie her v odpadovém hospodářství“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254425.
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V této práci je vytvořen model rozhodovací situace v odpadovém hospodářství využívající metody teorie her. Model tvoří nekooperativní hra pro reprezentaci konfliktu zpracovatelů odpadu a kooperativní hra pro reprezentaci konfliktu producentů odpadu. Pro konflikt zpracovatelů odpadu je k nalezení strategií při volbě cen na bráně využit koncept Nashovy rovnováhy, takto nalezené stabilní strategie mohou sloužit jako předpověď budoucí situace. Pro zpřesnění množin strategií jsou určeny dolní a horní meze. Pro konflikt producentů odpadu se uvažuje spolupráce všech producentů a určuje se pro ni přerozdělení nákladů pomocí Shapleyho hodnoty a nucleolu. Pro konflikt více producentů jsou vyvinuty aproximační algoritmy pro Shapleyho hodnotu i nucleolus. Tyto algoritmy jsou založeny na předpokladu, že se vzdálení hráči vzájemně neovlivňují. Model je aplikován na situaci v České republice. Pro konflikt zpracovatelů odpadu je nalezen jeden bod Nashovy rovnováhy. Pro konflikt producentů odpadu jsou určeni někteří producenti s vysokým kooperativním potenciálem.
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Plummer, Paul. „Urban Sustainability Transitions as Educative Practices: A Case Study of the Solidarity Fridge in Gothenburg, Sweden“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387633.
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Urban areas will play a decisive role in the sustainability of future societies. As such, there is a need to understand the processes through which cities can become more sustainable. Based on a qualitative case study of a community food waste initiative in Gothenburg, Sweden, this thesis explores the phenomenon of urban sustainability transitions in relation to learning. The thesis attempts to explain how learning at the level of socio-technical niches could be instrumental to broader systemic changes at the regime level. The theoretical framework for the thesis draws on the transactional perspective on learning developed from pragmatist educational philosophy, as well as practice theoretical approaches to studying sustainability transitions which have emerged in recent years. The empirical results gathered from the case are analysed using dramaturgical analysis and practical epistemology analysis. Based on these analyses, the thesis argues that the role and significance of learning in urban sustainability transitions can be understood in terms of educative practices, a concept which is elaborated in the discussion chapter. Thus, it is argued that learning through educative practices can contribute to urban sustainability transitions by challenging prevailing institutional norms and structures, and by establishing pathways through which unsustainable elements within the socio-technical regime can be reconfigured.Wicked Problems and Urban Sustainability Transition
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Kolaja, Lukáš. „Simulační model svozu odpadu pro Network Simulator 3“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220394.
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The goal of this diploma thesis is create an application for route optimalization for waste collection which is one of the technologies of smart cities. At first was described issue of smart cities focused to waste collection. The thesis describes the real deployment of smart waste collection using sensor network and was also designed its own model of smart waste collection. It is also described graph theory and related genetic algorithms which is suitable for waste collection optimalization. On that basics an application was made in C/C++ language which using a genetic algorithm to compute best possible path in graph which represents a map where waste is collected. By input data to application is vector image of evaluated graph in SVG data format.
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Rösing, Tim, und Fatlum Sadrijaj. „The Intention of Consumers to Engage in Digital Food Sharing Platforms : An Analysis and Investigation of the Behavioural Intention from a Consumer Perspective by Extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour“. Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52508.
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The sharing economy, which has been receiving significant attention from research due to its unprecedented growth in the recent past, is being seen as a potential driving force to transform and rethink society’s unsustainable approach to consumption. Especially, the concept of food sharing as part of the sharing economy is being considered as essential for a more sustainable world and thus aims at counteracting the unsustainable consumption behaviour of individuals. Even though the importance of food sharing concepts for society is undisputed, academia lags extensive research of this domain from a consumer perspective. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavioural intention of consumers to engage and use digital, for profit food sharing platforms in a business to consumer setting to obtain an in-depth understanding of the key determinants by extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Additionally, a cross-cultural comparison has been undertaken to acknowledge the international importance of this field. For the purpose of data collection, an online survey has been conducted. This yielded 4353 responses of which 2995 have been taken into account for the data analysis procedures in SPSS and SmartPLS. The software SmartPLS has been utilized to perform a partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) assessing the measurement as well as structural model including the testing of the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, a multigroup analysis has been performed to investigate behavioural differences between cultures. The empirical findings show that perceived usefulness and attitude are the strongest predictors of the behavioural intention followed by perceived behavioural control, economic benefit as well as subjective norm. Moreover, the attitude of consumers is strongly driven by sustainable considerations and the perceived trust of consumers towards digital food sharing platforms. Lastly, no statistically significant moderating effect could be identified with regards to culture.
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Ferreira, Vívian Fernandes Marinho. „Resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos: um estudo do campo de ação estratégica no contexto brasileiro“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-13112018-093618/.
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O crescimento econômico e o avanço da tecnologia tem gerado maior produção de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, cuja vida útil está cada vez menor. A troca constante de equipamentos tem levado a um aumento no descarte dos mesmos. Além da maior produção de resíduos, um agravante é o potencial poluidor deste tipo de resíduo devido aos metais pesados contidos neles, como o chumbo, mercúrio e cádmio. Contudo, apesar disso, há também metais nobres como ouro e prata, o que tem se tornado uma grande oportunidade de negócio para a indústria de reciclagem e os interessados nesta cadeia de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (REEE). Entretanto, apesar do mercado bilionário que gira em torno da produção e troca destes equipamentos, o descarte incorreto dos REEE tem consequências socioambientais muito sérias, como a poluição do solo e da água, o que causa implicações à saúde como doenças neurológicas, câncer e até a morte. Neste contexto, foi estabelecida a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) (Lei 12.305/2010), cujo objetivo é dar a destinação ambientalmente adequada para os resíduos. Com novas obrigatoriedades legais, os envolvidos na cadeia de produção, consumo e descarte dos eletroeletrônicos estão tendo que se reorganizar para manter-se neste mercado. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi entender e mapear o campo no qual os REEE estão inseridos. Ou seja, conhecer quais atores fazem parte deste campo; como se relacionam; quais são os interesses e disputas; como tudo isso está relacionado; como se organiza e quais os campos próximos que interferem nele. A pesquisa se baseou na teoria de campos de Fligstein e McAdam (2012) para entender a existência do campo de ação estratégica estudado, seu estado e características. Foi feito o levantamento de dados através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Utilizou-se da observação participante e a entrevista semiestruturada com os principais atores do campo de ação estratégico dos REEE identificados, com apoio de um roteiro. Pôde-se perceber a existência do campo de REEE, como se estabeleceu a crise no mesmo e como isso tem transformado o campo. Foram identificados uma série de atores que participam do fenômeno de transformação do campo de ação estratégica dos REEE: Universidade, empresas, sociedade civil e governo, além de dois campos próximos que exercem influência no campo estudado, o Mercado de EEE e a Indústria internacional de reciclagem de REEE. O Estado se mostrou muito influente no campo de REEE. Os atores e campos envolvidos desejam, portanto, a recuperação destes REEE para a reciclagem, devido, principalmente, às vantagens econômicas que a reciclagem proporciona a eles. A forma de fazer a recuperação dos REEE é o que tem sido discutido e está em disputa no campo. Diversos entraves foram observados para a gestão dos REEE no contexto brasileiro, mas a principal questão foi a necessidade de investimentos, incentivos e ações conjuntas, colaborativas e concomitantes para possibilitar a gestão efetiva dos REEE. Assim, a forma como a responsabilidade compartilhada, em especial o acordo setorial, vem sendo empregados não se mostram suficiente para a gestão dos REEE. Observou-se a necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma no que tange as questões de produção, consumo, troca e descarte dos REEE no contexto brasileiro.Economic growth and the advancement of technology have generated greater production of electrical and electronic equipment, with a shorter service life. The constant exchange of equipment has led to an increase in their disposal. In addition to increased waste production, an aggravating factor is the potential for this type of waste to be polluted due to the heavy metals contained in them, such as lead, mercury and cadmium. However, despite this, there are also noble metals such as gold and silver, which has become a great business opportunity for the recycling industry and those interested in this waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) chain. However, in spite of the billion dollar market that revolves around the production and exchange of these equipments, the incorrect disposal of WEEE has very serious socio-environmental consequences, such as soil and water pollution, which causes health implications such as neurological diseases, cancer and even the death. In this context, the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) (Law 12.305/2010) was established, whose objective is to provide the environmentally appropriate destination for the waste. With new legal mandates, those involved in the chain of production, consumption and disposal of consumer electronics are having to reorganize to stay in this market. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand and map the field in which WEEE are inserted. That is, to know which actors are part of this field; how they relate; what are the interests and disputes; how all this is related; how it is organized, and what nearby fields interfere with it. The research was based on the field theory of Fligstein and McAdam (2012) to understand the existence of the field of strategic action studied, its state and characteristics. Data collection was done through bibliographical and documentary research. Participant observation and the semi-structured interview with the main actors of the strategic action area of the WEEE identified were used, with the support of a script. It was possible to perceive the existence of the field of WEEE, as it was established the crisis in the same one and how this has transformed the field. A number of actors have been identified in the phenomenon of transformation of WEEE\'s strategic field of action: University, companies, civil society and government, as well as two close fields that influence the field studied, the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Market and the International Industry of recycling of WEEE. The state proved to be very influential in the field of WEEE. The actors and fields involved therefore want the recovery of these WEEE for recycling, mainly due to the economic benefits that recycling provides them. The way to do WEEE recovery is what has been discussed and is in dispute in the field. Several barriers were observed for the management of WEEE in the Brazilian context, but the main issue was the need for investments, incentives and joint, collaborative and concomitant actions to enable the effective management of WEEE. Thus, the way shared responsibility has been used does not prove to be sufficient for the management of WEEE. It was observed the need for a paradigm shift in the issues of consumption, exchange and disposal of WEEE in the Brazilian context.
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Senger, Pia, und Esra Özülkü. „German Generation Y’s PurchaseIntention towards Packaging-Free Products: A TPB Approach“. Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39559.
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Background: The problem of increasing amounts of food packaging waste especially in Germany leads to the challenge of how to minor waste by using no packaging in order to listen to environmental-conscious generation y consumers. This is why retailers need to understand the factors impacting the purchase intention and thus, need to act in higher extend in terms of a preventive sustainable approach. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the purchase intention of German generation y consumers towards packaging-free products. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior forms the theoretical foundation to investigate which factors are influencing the purchase intention the most. In addition to the original TPB factors attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, the research model was extended by two new factors, namely environmental concern and barriers. Method: Through an explanatory research method, the data was collected in a quantitative online survey based on a sample of 422 respondents. In order to investigate the relationships among the factors and to further support or reject the study’s hypothesis, the data was analyzedby using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and simple and multiple regression. Finally, to determine differences among groups additional tests have been conducted. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed new insights about predictors of the purchaseintention: German consumers’ intention is mainly impacted by their attitude, followed by thefactor barriers, and perceived behavioral control, whereas subjective norms do not. Further, the other newly added factor environmental concern indirectly impacts the purchase intention through attitude. Moreover, the importance of including new added factors to the original TPB model is shown as the extended TPB model has improved its power in explaining German generation y’s purchase intention towards packaging free. By that, the respondents of this studyare highly environmental concerned and overall intent to purchase packaging-free products in mainstream grocery stores, oats and milk respectively. This study’s results provide valuable insights for marketers of German mainstream grocery stores who are interested in selectively integrating packaging-free shopping to their stores.
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CONICELLI, BIANCA P. „Biossorção de chumbo e mercúrio pelas linhagens selvagem e recombinante de C. metallidurans em meio aquoso“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27961.
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Nas ultimas décadas o processo de biossorção tem alcançado grande relevância no tratamento de efluentes contendo metais potencialmente tóxicos. O uso de bactérias nesse processo tem obtido destaque, uma vez que possuem inúmeras vantagens. O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar o mecanismo envolvido no processo de biossorção dos íons Pb(II) e Hg(II) por meio das linhagens Cupriavidus metallidurans (CH34) e Cupriavidus metallidurans (CH34/pCM3). Dentre os modelos estudados a isoterma de Langmuir foi a que melhor se ajusta ao processo de adsorção, apresentando uma capacidade máxima de adsorção (qmax) de 0,98 mg.g-1 para o Hg(II) e 86,2 mg.g-1 para o Pb(II), para a linhagem selvagem. Já para a linhagem recombinante o qmax obtido foi 3,4 mg.g-1 para o mercúrio e 172,4mg g-1 para o chumbo. Baseado nos valores referentes à energia livre de Gibbs (ΔG) o processo de retenção ocorreu de forma química e espontânea. A influencia do pH foi avaliada por meio de estudo competitivo entre os íons metálicos, em níveis equimolares. O valor que melhor contemplou a adsorção para ambos os íons foi o pH 7,0, tendo o Pb(II) demonstrado maior capacidade de retenção. Em pH 2,0 houve maior retenção do Hg (II), já em pH 10,0 o Pb(II) obteve maior retenção. Indicando que o meio influencia diretamente na competição dos íons metálicos pelos sítios ativos. Constatou-se que a retenção do metal é robusta e estável ao longo de 6 meses. Os resultados indicam que a Cupriavidus metallidurans (CH34/pCM3) pode ser uma boa opção para biossorção de íons metálicos por meio de biorreator.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Fejzo, Orsola. „Proactive Adaptation of Behavior for Smart Connected Objects“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76041.
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The great amount of generated data from IoT infrastructures in Smart Cities, if properly leveraged, presents the opportunity to shift towards more sustainable practices in rapidly increasing urban areas. Reasoning upon this data in a proactive way, by avoiding unwanted future events before they occur, leads to more efficient services. For a system to do so, a robust reasoning model, able to anticipate upcoming events and pick the most suitable adaptation option is needed. Recently deployed smart waste management systems for monitoring and planning purposes report substantial cost-savings and carbon footprint reductions, however, such systems can be further enhanced by integrating proactive capabilities. This work proposes a novel reasoning model and system architecture called ProAdaWM for more effective and efficient waste operations when faced with severe weather events. A Bayesian Network and Utility Theory, as the basis of Decision Theory, are utilized to model the uncertainties and handle how the system adapts; the proposed model utilizes weather information and data from bin level sensor for reasoning. The approach is validated through the implementation of a prototype and the conduction of a case study; the results demonstrate the expected behavior.
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Touchie, Rachel. „Sustainable Food Consumption Practices : Case Studies and Contexts from Edmonton, Canada“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324247.
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The globalized food system poses many systemic challenges that have significant impacts on the environment and human health. In order to tackle these challenges, especially those relating to climate change, it is assumed that consumers need to be accountable for the role they play in these issues, requiring them to alter their harmful consumption habits. In terms of the food system, this means that people need to evolve into ethical consumers and become more invested in what and how much they eat, where it comes from, etc . However, throughout the literature and in policies, there remains a focus on altering what people buy, rather than reducing waste from their overconsumption. Reducing waste and consumption would have a more beneficial impact for the environment, human health, and urban sustainability, yet it remains secondary to the narrative of buying sustainable alternatives. A waste reduction narrative would encourage sustainable behaviours that would also be more accessible to households of various socioeconomic backgrounds, and would provide more tangible results in terms of money saved, reduced greenhouse gases and waste output, and increased sustainability. However, food consumption is the result of many ingrained daily food practices influenced by a multitude of factors that prevent people from consciously considering the consequences of their actions. Food consumption and waste management as a phenomenon can therefore be interpreted using Social Practice Theory (SPT), which states that all humans act autonomously and according to social norms. This means that practices are recursive and routinized, subject to change, yet somewhat unconscious. All practices lead to consumption in some way, and changing such deeply embedded routines to become more sustainable requires a full understanding of these deeply entrenched practices. Practices can be broken down into three main components that drive how practices are formed and maintained:materials, competences, and meanings. This project uses mini-ethnographic studies to highlight SPT in order to understand the factors (contextual, materials, competences, and meanings) influencing households in Edmonton, Canada as they navigate the current sustainability narrative, and how they approach sustainable food consumption and food waste management. The results from this study lend some insight into what materials, competences, meanings, and other factors drive people already somewhat aware of sustainable food consumption issues to practice such types of behaviour. These influential elements have been found in many other recently published works, and give further insight into how broad external factors and specific internal factors can drive consumption practices. Prevention and reduction behaviours were already somewhat prevalent in this group. It is important that education programs targeting sustainable food consumption behaviours understand what drives certain food related practices, and how they can target the barriers that prevent certain groups of people from adopting more sustainable habits.
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Pas, Joshua W. „Contract and strategic network design for reverse production systems“. Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22577.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Co-Chair: Ammons, Jane C.; Committee Co-Chair: Realff, Matthew J.; Committee Member: Griffin, Paul M.; Committee Member: Peoples, Robert; Committee Member: Thomas, Valerie.
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Lachaize, Marie. „Fusion de données : approche evidentielle pour le tri des déchets“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS113.
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Le tri automatique des déchets est un sujetcomplexe en raison de la diversité des objets et desmatériaux présents. Il nécessite un apport de donnéesvariées et hétérogènes. Cette thèse traite du problème defusion de données découlant d’un dispositif de troiscapteurs dont une caméra hyperspectrale dans ledomaine NIR. Nous avons étudié l’avantage d’utiliser lecadre des fonctions de croyance (BFT) tout au long de ladémarche de fusion en utilisant notamment la mesure deconflit comme un critère clé de notre approche. Dans unepremière partie, nous avons étudié l'intérêt de la BFTpour la classification multiclasse des donnéeshyperspectrales à partir d’Error Correcting OutputCodes (ECOC) qui consistent à séparer le problèmemulticlasse en un ensemble de sous-problèmes binairesplus simples à résoudre. Les questions de commentidéalement séparer le problème multiclasse (codage)ainsi que celle de la combinaison des réponses de cesproblèmes binaires (décodage) sont encore aujourd’huides questions ouvertes. Le cadre des fonctions decroyance permet de proposer une étape de décodage quimodélise chaque classifieur binaire comme une sourceindividuelle d'information grâce notamment à lamanipulation des hypothèses composées. Par ailleurs laBFT fournit des indices pour détecter les décisions peufiables ce qui permet une auto-évaluation de la méthoderéalisée sans vérité terrain. Dans une deuxième partietraitant de la fusion de données, nous proposons unedémarche ‘orientée-objet’ composée d’un module desegmentation et d’un module de classification afin defaire face aux problèmes d’échelle, de différences derésolutions et de recalage des capteurs. L’objectif estalors d’estimer une segmentation où les segmentscoïncident avec les objets individuels et sont labellisés entermes de matériau. Nous proposons une interactionentre les modules à base de validation mutuelle. Ainsi,d’une part la fiabilité de la labellisation est évaluée auniveau des segments, d’autre part l’information declassification interagit sur les segments initiaux pour serapprocher d’une segmentation au niveau « objet » : leconsensus (ou l’absence de consensus) parmi lesinformations de classification au sein d’un segment ouentre segments connexes permet de faire évoluer lesupport spatial vers le niveau objetAutomatic waste sorting is a complex matterbecause of the diversity of the objects and of the presentmaterials. It requires input from various andheterogeneous data. This PhD work deals with the datafusion problem derived from an acquisition devicecomposed of three sensors, including an hyperspectralsensor in the NIR field. We first studied the benefit ofusing the belief function theory framework (BFT)throughout the fusion approach, using in particularconflict measures to drive the process. We first studiedthe BFT in the multiclass classification problem createdby hyperspectral data. We used the Error CorrectingOutput Codes (ECOC) framework which consists inseparating the multiclass problem into several binaryones, simpler to solve. The questions of the idealdecomposition of the multiclass problem (coding) and ofthe answer combination coming from the binaryclassifiers (decoding) are still open-ended questions. Thebelief function framework allows us to propose adecoding step modelling each binary classifier as anindividual source of information, thanks to the possibilityof handling compound hypotheses. Besides, the BFTprovides indices to detect non reliable decisions whichallow for an auto-evaluation of the method performedwithout using any ground truth. In a second part dealingwith the data fusion,we propose an evidential version ofan object-based approach composed with a segmentationmodule and a classification module in order to tackle theproblems of the differences in scale, resolutions orregistrations of the sensors. The objective is then toestimate a relevant spatial support corresponding to theobjects while labelling them in terms of material. Weproposed an interactive approach with cooperationbetween the two modules in a cross-validation kind ofway. This way, the reliability of the labelling isevaluated at the segment level, while the classificationinformation acts on the initial segments in order toevolve towards an object level segmentation: consensusamong the classification information within a segment orbetween adjacent regions allow the spatial support toprogressively reach object level
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Girotti, Andrea. „Packaging strategies for the Circular Economy“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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As volumes of packaging waste are increasing worldwide, the urge to reduce environmental and health impacts caused by this waste stream is leading to rising concern over how it is managed and disposed of. At the same time, resource scarcity and linear consumption patterns have regained attention among business leaders, policy makers and people who have become increasingly aware of the importance of reversing this trend using a sustainable model of growth, also known as ‘sustainable development’.
The circular economy is a new paradigm within sustainability that focusses on resource efficiency, waste minimisation and low-carbon economy supporting the shift towards sustainable growth and enabling new business opportunities.
Using a set of complementary analytical methods, this research evaluates the performance of the Italian system, making use of intervention theory combined with an analysis of the barriers to the circular economy within three areas: regulatory framework, recycling awareness, eco-innovation and prevention. It also describes the functions of CONAI and the results achieved with respect to national and European objectives.
In addition, this paper approaches some of the barriers to the circular economy in Italian packaging and packaging waste systems through a case study on a fictitious company selling aluminium coffee capsules whose features are in the context of real world companies dealing with packaging.
The findings of this thesis highlight the areas in which Italian packaging and packaging waste management is facing barriers to the circular economy. The findings also highlight how circular economy in Italy is either failing or succeeding, and the potential initiatives and strategies which could overcome barriers to its successful implementation.
Moreover, the findings of the case study reveal ways in which to implement circular economy strategies on a specific packaging value chain in Italy while complying with national regulations.