Zeitschriftenartikel: „Waste gas condensator“

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Bentham, Richard, Nick McClure und David Catcheside. „Biotreatment of an industrial waste oil condensate“. Water Science and Technology 36, Nr. 10 (01.11.1997): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0374.

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The biotreatment of an industrial waste oil condensate has been investigated. The waste is an oily emulsion resulting from chemical processing and condensation of grease trap wastes and industrial waste oils. The oil consists of a complex mix of hydrocarbons with significant fuel oil and lube oil fractions. Currently this waste is disposed of by incineration. The feasibility of using a biological pretreatment process to remove a significant proportion of the hydrocarbons has been investigated. Enrichment cultures produced a stable bacterial consortium. Flask cultures of this enrichment culture were capable of rapid emulsification of the oil. Within 10 days, 40–50% of the oil waste was degraded. Degradation was monitored using gas chromatographic analysis with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and by assessment of microbial dehydrogenase activity using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) dye reduction. The enrichment culture consisted of 9 component organisms, 7 Gram negative and one Gram positive organisms. Their degradative abilities in monoculture have been investigated. Degradation of the waste using monocultures was monitored using GC-FID analysis of the Pristane:C17 ratio in the waste. The degradation capability of each of the component organisms in pure culture was similar to that of the consortium.

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Suyitno, Budhi M., Erlanda Augupta Pane, Wina Libyawati, Chatrine Jelita, Hendri Sukma und Ismail Ismail. „An effect analysis of cooling water direction towards condensate oil from scrap tires“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, Nr. 6 (110) (12.04.2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.209900.

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The application of pyrolysis for the thermal decomposition of tire waste can be taken as the ideal concept to reduce and recycle tire waste. The product of the process can produce condensate oil, a typical oil that is close to crude oil properties. The critical aspect of the pyrolysis process is the design of the reactor, particularly for the condenser where the rate of heat transfer contributes to the overall quality and quantity of the produced condensate oil. This study focused on the effect of water flow direction on the condensation process of pyrolysis gas. The quantity and quality of the produced oil are examined to observe the effect of the condensation process. Two different water flow directions are tested in the process, namely, counter flow and parallel flow direction. The effect of water flow direction in the condenser clearly affects the pyrolysis process to produce the condensate oil. Based on the production quantity, the counter flow condenser is able to produce 355 ml of condensate oil while the parallel flow one merely 290 ml. Based on the quality of the produced condensate oil, the counter flow condenser is generally better than the parallel flow one where the density, flash point and viscosity are close to crude oil properties. The rate of heat transfer from the condenser to the pyrolysis gas is the main factor that contributes to the quality and quantity of the condensate oil. The average heat transfer for the counter and parallel flow is 2,728 W and 1,865 W, respectively. It can be said that using the counter flow condenser for the pyrolysis reactor can improve the quality and quantity of the condensate oil

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Sulardi, Sulardi. „MEMANFAATKAN CONDENSATE HYDROCARBON NATURAL GAS SEBAGAI FUEL GAS DENGAN PENGATURAN KONDISI OPERASI ALAT HEAT EXCHANGER“. INFO-TEKNIK 20, Nr. 2 (13.01.2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/infotek.v20i2.7722.

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One of the problems faced in operating the fuel gas system is the loss due to wasting condensate hydrocarbons from the fuel gas system surge drum. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that cause natural gas condensation problems in the fuel drum supply surge gas and provide an overview of how to overcome the problem with the heat exchanger tool operation method. The method used in the research is the research method used with a case study approach to handling wasted condensate hydrocarbon problems and how to overcome them by maximizing the operation of heat exchanger devices. The expected results from this study are that the removal of hydrocarbon condensate can be prevented and utilized as fuel gas. With the results of this study, it is expected to be an innovation in order to adding value to value creation for the company.

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Bortnikova, Svetlana, Nataliya Yurkevich, Anna Devyatova, Natalya Abrosimova, Olga Saeva, Nikolay Cherny, Nadezhda Palchik, Irina Danilenko, Olga Shuvaeva und Dmitry Troitskii. „Transfer of chemical elements in vapor-gas streams at the dehydration of secondary sulfates“. E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199805004.

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The elemental composition of vapor-gas streams obtained during heating of secondary hydrous sulfates are presented. Samples of abundant sulfate intergrowth were collected at the Belovo waste heaps and heated at 60ºC in experiments to collect condensates of the releasing vapor-gas streams. A wide spectrum of major and trace elements was determined in the condensate. Chemical elements can be absorbed by the water vapor and migrate with this phase during the dehydration of hydrous sulfates. To determine the mechanisms of migration and the sources of elements in vapor-gas streams, a study of the features of certain hydrous sulphates (antlerite, goslarite, starkeyite, gunningite, siderotile, sideronatrite) by stepwise heating up to 60ºC was conducted. Alteration in the phase composition is controlled by powder X-ray diffractometry. It was determined, that antlerite and starkeite remain stable throughout the temperature range. The beginning of the separation of structural water in goslarite and siderotile occurs at 40°C. Goslarite and sideronatrite at 40°C lost water molecules and transformed to gunningite and Na-jarosite, correspondingly. Structure of siderotile was loosened. The modes of occurrence of the chemical elements in sulfates and pore solution determine the concentrations of elements in the condensates.

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Dzyublo, A. D., S. О. Borozdin und E. E. Altukhov. „Technologies for Safe Handling of Drilling Waste during Well Construction in the Ob Bay“. Occupational Safety in Industry, Nr. 6 (Juni 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-6-52-60.

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Development of the Russian oil and gas fields in the Arctic requires ensuring industrial and environmental safety of conduct of the operations. Large and unique oil and gas condensate fields are discovered in the southern part of the Kara Sea. The Kamennomysskoye-Sea, Severo-Kamennomysskoye, Semakovskoye, Parusovoye, etc. gas condensate fields are located in the Ob Bay of the Kara Sea. The raw material base of the Severo-Obskoye gas condensate field, unique in terms of the reserves, will become the basis for future Arctic LNG projects. Based on the published data, the initial recoverable total hydrocarbon resources in the Ob and Taz bays are about seven billion tons. Active exploration and commissioning of the already discovered fields require the large volumes of well drilling in a freezing sea, the presence of permafrost, and gas hydrates. During construction of the wells and operation of the offshore ice-resistant oil and gas production platforms, it is required to ensure the disposal of drilling waste (cuttings) and domestic water. There are two technologies for waste disposal — injection into the reservoir or into the clay formations. The first one is used in onshore fields, the second one — on the shelf. Injection into a clay reservoir is successfully used in the Lunskoye gas field on the shelf of the Sakhalin island, and on the Prirazlomnoye oil field in the Pechora Sea. The possibility of using the method and the selection of a reservoir for injecting waste into it requires a geological justification, and the reservoir should ensure a stable injectivity of the required volume. The article presents the results of modeling the injection into the formation of drilling waste, and the waste of the household activities for the Kamennomysskoe-Sea gas condensate field. Calculation was made concerning the zone of absorption of the technological waste into the designed well of the offshore ice-resistant stationary platform. Formation allocation for waste injection was made according to the data of a complex of offshore wells geophysical studies. Three packs of sandy-argillaceous rocks with high reservoir properties were selected as the object of industrial waste disposal. Сalculation was carried out related to the radius of the spread of waste (effluent) in the target reservoir considering drilling and operation of twenty five wells, the construction of which is planned for five years. The results of modeling the process of pumping industrial waste of various types into an absorption well showed that the planned volumes can be successfully disposed of in the selected objects. This will allow to ensure functioning of the marine industry and its environmental safety.

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Grycová, Barbora, Ivan Koutník, Adrian Pryszcz und Miroslav Kaloč. „Application of pyrolysis process in processing of mixed food wastes“. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 18, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2016-0004.

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Abstract The food industry produces large amounts of solid and also liquid wastes. Different waste materials and their mixtures were pyrolysed in the laboratory pyrolysis unit to a final temperature of 800°C with a 10 minute delay at the final temperature. After the pyrolysis process of the selected wastes a mass balance of the resulting products, off-line analysis of the pyrolysis gas and evaluation of solid and liquid products were carried out. The highest concentration of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide were analyzed during the 4th gas sampling at a temperature of approx. 720–780°C. The concentration of hydrogen was measured in the range from 22 to 40 vol.%. The resulting iodine numbers of samples CHFO, DS, DSFW reach values that indicate the possibility of using them to produce the so-called “disposable sorbents” in wastewater treatment. The WC condensate can be directed to further processing and upgrading for energy use.

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Bortnikova, Svetlana, Natalya Abrosimova, Nataliya Yurkevich, Valentina Zvereva, Anna Devyatova, Olga Gaskova, Olga Saeva et al. „Gas Transfer of Metals during the Destruction of Efflorescent Sulfates from the Belovo Plant Sulfide Slag, Russia“. Minerals 9, Nr. 6 (05.06.2019): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060344.

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This paper demonstrates the results of experiments for the determination of the composition of gases during the dehydration of sulfates (Na-jarosite, melanterite, and chalcanthite) collected at the surface of pyrometallurgical waste heaps. The volatilization of various elements, and vapor–gas phase transport from three sulfate groups were investigated by stepwise laboratory heating at 45, 55, and 65 °C. The sample of yellow efflorescence mainly consisted of Na-jarosite, the white efflorescence contained melanterite as the major mineral, and the blue efflorescence sample consisted of chalcanthite. These all contained a few impurities up to 5 %. The highest total dissolved solids (TDS) was found in the gas condensates from melanterite (59 mg/L), followed by chalcanthite (29 mg/L) and Na-jarosite (17 mg/L). It was determined that major and trace elements in the condensate can be trapped by water vapor and can migrate with the vapor phase during the desorption and dehydration of hydrous sulfates. X-ray diffractograms showed that Na-jarosite remained stable throughout the temperature range, whilst the separation of melanterite’s structural water occurred at 40 °C, and chalcanthite completely lost two water molecules at 50 °C. The gas condensates contained acetates and formates, which could be the fermentation products of bacterial communities. Some of the strains—Micrococcaceae sp., Bacillus sp., and Microbacteriaceae sp.—were cultivated.

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Rinner, M., M. Kind und E. U. Schlünder. „Separated solvent recovery from waste gas with cryo-condensation“. Separation and Purification Technology 29, Nr. 2 (November 2002): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(02)00065-5.

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Sarwono, R., A. S. Putra und Y. Sudiyani. „PENGARUH KONDISI OPERASI TERHADAP KONVERSI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) PADA PROSES HIDROTERMAL“. Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 16, Nr. 2 (29.07.2016): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v16i2.15.

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Selulosa merupakan polimer yang dihasilkan oleh makhluk hidup terutama tumbuh-tumbuhan dengan jumlah yang sangat besar, dan sebagian besar menjadi limbah, seperti limbah pertanian, kehutanan dan sampah kota.Limbah tersebut selama ini belum termanfaatkan dengan baik. Biasanya dipakai sebagai bahan bakar dengan nilai kalor yang rendah. Penguraian limbah TKKS akan didapatkan bermacam-macam zat kimia yang mempunyai nilai lebih seperti glukosa, asam levulinat, erithosa dan bahan bakar cair dan gas. Proses hidrotermal mampu menguraikan limbah TKKSmenjadi molekul kecil sebagai bahan bakar cair dan gas. Hidrotermal menggunakan media air yang berfungsi sebagaipelarut dan reaktan. Peruraian limbah TKKS dipengaruhi oleh kondisi operasi (tekanan, temperatur), jenis katalis, waktu reaksi, pengadukan dan rasio air dan padatan.Reaksi yang terjadi pada proses hidrotermal meliputi reaksi liquefaction, hydrolisis, dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation, aromatization dan polimerization. Hasil peruraian TKKS berupa padatanbiochar, zat terlarut dalam air, dan gas. Umpan TKKS 1,8% memberi konversi sekitar 63%, sedangkan pada konsentrasi katalis Na2CO3 0,5% memberi konversi yang cukup tinggi sekitar 75%, pada temperatur operasi 400 oC memberi konversi sekitar 73%, pada waktu reaksi 3 jam memberi konversi sekitar 70%, sedangkan tekanan awal gas N2 tidak banyak berpengaruh terhadap konversi TKKS.Kata kunci: TKKS, peruraian, konversi, hidrotermal, bahan terlarut air, gas.Cellulose is a polimer that produced in the living thing mainly from plantation with huge in amount, and also the majority from which is left as waste such as agricultural, forestry, food industries and municipal solid waste. Those wastes were not utilized properly yet, commonly used as a fuel with lower calorific value. Degradation of empty fruit bunches (EFB) of palm oil yielded many kind of valuable chemicals such as glucose, levulinic acid,erythrose, and liquid fuel and gas. EFB is lignocellulosic waste that can be degraded into smaller molecule that can be used as liquid and gas fuel fraction. Hidrothermal used water as a medium that used as solvent and reactant. EFB degradation is influenced by operation condition such as temperature, pressure, catalyst, reaction time, stirring, and ratio of liquid and solid. The hydrothermal process reaction involved such as liquefaction, hydrolysis, dehydration,decarboxylation, condensation, aromatization, and polymerization. EFB degradation resulted solid as biochar, organic water soluble and gas. EFB concentration of 1.8% resulted 63% conversion, catalyst Na2CO3 0.5% resulted 75%, temperature operation of 400 oC gave 73% conversion, reaction time 3 hours gave 70% conversion, initial pressure of N2 gas was not significantly influence to the EFB conversion.Key word: EFB, degradation, conversion, hydrothermal, water soluble, gas

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Poškas, Robertas, Arūnas Sirvydas, Vladislavas Kulkovas und Povilas Poškas. „An Experimental Investigation of Water Vapor Condensation from Biofuel Flue Gas in a Model of Condenser, (1) Base Case: Local Heat Transfer without Water Injection“. Processes 9, Nr. 5 (12.05.2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050844.

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Waste heat recovery from flue gas based on water vapor condensation is an important issue as the waste heat recovery significantly increases the efficiency of the thermal power units. General principles for designing of this type of heat exchangers are known rather well; however, investigations of the local characteristics necessary for the optimization of those heat exchangers are very limited. Investigations of water vapor condensation from biofuel flue gas in the model of a vertical condensing heat exchanger were performed without and with water injection into a calorimetric tube. During the base-case investigations, no water was injected into the calorimetric tube. The results showed that the humidity and the temperature of inlet flue gas have a significant effect on the local and average heat transfer. For some regimes, the initial part of the condensing heat exchanger was not effective in terms of heat transfer because there the flue gas was cooled by convection until its temperature reached the dew point temperature. The results also showed that, at higher Reynolds numbers, there was an increase in the length of the convection prevailing region. After that region, a sudden increase was observed in heat transfer due to water vapor condensation.

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Bachev, Nikolay, Nadezhda Bacheva, Aleksandra Kovyrzina und Galina Arzamasova. „EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF BURNING PROPERTIES OF GAS CONDENSATE WASTE“. Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, Nr. 46 (2016): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2016.46.11.

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Gadalla, Mamdouh A., Alaa Elmasry, Ibrahim Alhajri, Fatma H. Ashour und Hany A. Elazab. „Better Heat and Power Integration of an Existing Gas-Oil Plant in Egypt Through Revamping the Design and Organic Rankine Cycle“. Open Chemical Engineering Journal 15, Nr. 1 (22.06.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123102115010001.

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Objective: The current study aims mainly to Maximize Condensate Recovery (NGLs), focusing on a gas processing train of Gas-Oil Separation Plant (GOSP) located in Egypt with a capacity of 4,230 kmole/h. Methods: The research study accounts for the constraint of Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) specification, which makes the storage in floating roof tanks is of a great risk. The study proposes the installation of the cryogenic train that recovers condensates (C4+). This train comprises of compression unit, expansion unit, three-phase separators and a re-boiled absorber. The problem of RVP will no longer exist because of the re-boiled absorber achieving RVP according to export specifications (RVP below 82.74 kPa). Heat integration is applied over the whole process to minimize the reliability of the external utilities. Further, an Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is introduced to the existing unit for more heat integration to develop useful work from process waste heat. Furthermore, both environmental emissions of CO2 and economic implications are investigated. Results: Energy integration played a vital role in decreasing the compressing power by about 31%, the cooling load by about 81%, and eliminating the heating load leading to zero CO2 emissions. Conclusion: The new energy-integrated retrofit scenarios exceed the recommended revamping schemes by previous works and base case in all aspects of condensate recovery, energy-saving, environmental concerning and economics.

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Szczepaniak, Włodzimierz, Monika Zabłocka-Malicka, Rafał Wysokiński und Piotr Rutkowski. „Intensity of the Process Gas Emission from the Thermal Treatment of the 60–340 mm MSW Fraction under Steam“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 19 (26.09.2020): 7980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197980.

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Gasification under steam excess of the residual from mechanical treatment of municipal solid waste (RMT-MSW, refuse derived fuel (RDF)-type) was investigated in a laboratory batch reactor, equipped with a section for high-temperature gas equilibration. Experiments were performed with recirculation of the condensate and residual tars/oils, for closing of the process loop. Gas emissions were registered at 300–500 °C (pyrolysis; maximum at 390 °C) and 650–800 °C (gasification; maximum at 740 °C). Peak areas, equivalent to the gas volume, were in a general proportion of 55:45. Mass of tars and oils collected together with condensing steam was only equal to 0.15% of the average weight loss of the RMT-MSW. Ninety-seven percent of organic compounds, mainly naphthalene, phenanthrene and derivatives, was separable by a simple filtration. Concentration of metals in aqueous condensate was equal to 135 mg/dm3, 98.5% by mass was potassium and sodium ions. Concentration of NH4+ was equal to 2.49 g/dm3 (mostly carbonate). According to the thermodynamic evaluation, volume of the process gas was equal to 2.11 m3 (dry, 25 °C, 1 bar) per 1 kg of the dry waste. Standard enthalpy of the gas combustion was 24.6 MJ/kg of the dry waste; approximately 16% of this energy was due to endothermicity of the process.

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Voevodin, Roman, Nikolay Bachev und Galina Arzamasova. „The concentration limits of the combustion of gas condensate waste“. Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, Nr. 42 (2015): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2015.42.08.

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Rączka, Paweł, und Kazimierz Wójs. „Methods of Thermal Calculations for a Condensing Waste-Heat Exchanger“. Chemical and Process Engineering 35, Nr. 4 (01.12.2014): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2014-0034.

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Abstract The paper presents the algorithms for a flue gas/water waste-heat exchanger with and without condensation of water vapour contained in flue gas with experimental validation of theoretical results. The algorithms were used for calculations of the area of a heat exchanger using waste heat from a pulverised brown coal fired steam boiler operating in a power unit with a capacity of 900 MWe. In calculation of the condensing part, the calculation results obtained with two algorithms were compared (Colburn-Hobler and VDI algorithms). The VDI algorithm allowed to take into account the condensation of water vapour for flue gas temperatures above the temperature of the water dew point. Thanks to this, it was possible to calculate more accurately the required heat transfer area, which resulted in its reduction by 19 %. In addition, the influence of the mass transfer on the heat transfer area was taken into account, which contributed to a further reduction in the calculated size of the heat exchanger - in total by 28% as compared with the Colburn-Hobler algorithm. The presented VDI algorithm was used to design a 312 kW pilot-scale condensing heat exchanger installed in PGE Belchatow power plant. Obtained experimental results are in a good agreement with calculated values.

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Jeхenov M.K.,, Ismagilov F.R.,, Akhmetov S.M.,, Diarov M., und Bektay Y.K.,. „UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE-CONTAINING REFINERY FLARE GASЕS“. SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 5, Nr. 443 (15.10.2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.81.

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Modern oil refinery flare does not provide the beneficial use of discharged hydrocarbon gases and vapors, which does not allow to reduce the volume of hydrocarbon gas burned in flare candles and reduce atmospheric pollution. To ensure a stable and trouble-free operation of the flare plant and to increase the efficiency of waste gas utilization, their preliminary compression using mechanical or jet compressors and the construction of gas treatment plants are required. A low-cost method of utilizing hydrogen sulfide-containing refinery gas is proposed, including two-stage gas compression by a liquid-ring compressor using an alkanolamine aqueous solution as a working fluid in the first stage of compression, separation of the compressor of first stage compression to produce desulfurized gas, hydrocarbon condensate and an alkanolamine saturated hydrogen sulfide. In the second stage, the compression of the desulfurized gas is carried out by a liquid-ring compressor using a hydrocarbon absorbent as the working fluid, cooling and separation of the compress of the second stage of compression produce lean gas, water condensate and absorbate. The aqueous condensate is mixed with saturated hydrogen sulfide alkanolamine absorbent and taken out for regeneration, the hydrocarbon condensate is mixed with the absorbate to produce BFLH, and the lean gas is subjected to membrane separation to produce hydrogen and fuel gas. Application of the method can partially cover the needs of refineries in hydrogen by reducing its losses, as well as return gas and hydrocarbon fractions for processing or to the fuel network of the plant.

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Zhao, Xi Ling, Zhong Hai Zheng, Lin Fu und Yan Li. „Application Analysis of the BCHP System with the Soil Source Absorption Heat Pump Driven by the Flue Gas“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (Mai 2012): 2747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2747.

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How to use the waste heat deeply are a critical issue for BCHP (Building combined cooling heating and power) system. A BCHP system with a soil source absorption heat pump driven by the waste heat is proposed. The system is composed of an internal combustion engine, a soil source absorption heat pump driven by the flue gas, and other assistant facilities, such as pumps, fans, and end user devices. In the winter, the flue gas is used to drive absorption heat pump to recover the waste heat of the soil source and the condensation heat of the flue gas simultaneously, and in the summer, the waste heat of the flue gas is used to drive absorption heat pump to cooling, and the heat sink is the soil. In the paper, the configuration of this kind of system is designed, and the energy analysis of the system is done all the year. Compared with the conventional BCHP system, the operation cost is lowered greatly and the increased investment could be returned within one year. It is show that the system is the efficient integration of cleaning energy, renewable energy, the discharge of the flue gas could be reduced to below 30°C, and the water steam could be catch to avoid the white smoke of the stack. The energy saving in space heating could be 66% compared with the conventional BCHP systems.

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Xu, Changchun, Min Xu, Ming Zhao, Junyu Liang, Juncong Sai, Yalin Qiu und Wenguo Xiang. „Performance improvement of a 330MWe power plant by flue gas heat recovery system“. Thermal Science 20, Nr. 1 (2016): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140104099x.

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In a utility boiler, the most heat loss is from the exhaust flue gas. In order to reduce the exhaust flue gas temperature and further boost the plant efficiency, an improved indirect flue gas heat recovery system and an additional economizer system are proposed. The waste heat of flue gas is used for high-pressure condensate regeneration heating. This reduces high pressure steam extraction from steam turbine and more power is generated. The waste heat recovery of flue gas decreases coal consumption. Other approaches for heat recovery of flue gas, direct utilization of flue gas energy and indirect flue gas heat recovery system, are also considered in this work. The proposed systems coupled with a reference 330MWe power plant are simulated using equivalent enthalpy drop method. The results show that the additional economizer scheme has the best performance. When the exhaust flue gas temperature decreases from 153? to 123?, power output increases by 6.37MWe and increment in plant efficiency is about 1.89%. For the improved indirect flue gas heat recovery system, power output increases by 5.68MWe and the increment in plant efficiency is 1.69%.

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Рыщенко, Татьяна Дмитриевна, und Константин Игоревич Вяткин. „Development of technology of portland cement using gas condensate sludge recycling waste“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, Nr. 6(78) (22.12.2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2015.55118.

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Koniuszy, Adam, Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Cezary Podsiadło, Paweł Sędłak und Ewa Możdżer. „Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts“. Energies 13, Nr. 18 (22.09.2020): 4960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184960.

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Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.

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Glazev, M., und V. Bazhin. „On the recycling and use of microsilica in the oil industry“. E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126602010.

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Cementing of casing strings is one of the most important processes of well construction for the exploration and exploitation of oil, gas and gas condensate fields. Despite more than half a century of research and development of grouting mortars, they are not able to provide high strength and good adhesion to the casing string. The article considers the possibility of using microsilica (waste of silicon production) in the oil industry, as an additive of a plugging solution to increase the strength, expansion valve, and reduce the permeability of the plugging stone.

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Song, Jing Hui, Yan Lin, Yan Fen Liao, Xiao Qian Ma und Shu Mei Wu. „Economic Analysis of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System with the Application of Low Pressure Economizer for Waste Heat Recovery“. Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (März 2015): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.491.

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The data of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) power and water consumption, from two different coal-fired power plants (100 MW and 1000 MW) under full load operation, are studied for the WFGD economic analysis of waste-heat-recovery transformation with the installation of low pressure economizer (LPE). The results of 100MW unit show that, WFGD inlet flue gas temperature drops from 155°C to 110°C, the benefits generated include power consumption of fans declines by 23.85% and water consumption of the smoke desulfurization absorption tower declines by 34.88%. In another case, the temperature of inlet flue gas from WFGD of 1000 MW unit drops from 130°C to 84°C, power consumption of fans increases by 15.04% while water consumption of the smoke desulfurization absorption tower declines by 73.1%. Besides, the flow resistance is increased in LPE water side due to the installation of LPE. This makes power consumption of condensate pump enhanced, which slightly decreases the benefits from waste heat recovery.

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Nami, Hossein, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, Ahmad Arabkoohsar und Amir Reza Razmi. „4E Analyses of a Hybrid Waste-Driven CHP–ORC Plant with Flue Gas Condensation“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 22 (13.11.2020): 9449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229449.

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The combination of a waste-driven hybrid heat and power plant with a small organic Rankine cycle unit was recently proposed and investigated from a thermodynamic perspective. The present study provides a more comprehensive assessment from system operation through considering the energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental (4E) aspects in a revised design of this concept to obtain a bigger picture of the system’s technical, economic, and environmental effects on existing and future energy systems. The revised design includes a flue gas condensation unit and alternative friendly organic working fluids. For this, the hybrid plant is modeled for its thermal, economic, and environmental performances. Then, the exergy losses and environmental effects of the system are scrutinized, the cost of losses and pollutions are predicted, and lastly, sorts of solutions are introduced to improve the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental performances of the system. The results indicate that the highest share of exergy destruction relates to the incineration (equipped with a steam generator) with a levelized cost of approximately USD 71/h for a power plant with almost 3.3 megawatt electricity output capacity. The hybridization proposal with the flue gas condensation unit increases the sustainability index of the system from 1.264 to 1.28.

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Beshentsev, Vladimir A., Tatyana V. Semenova, Yulia I. Salnikova und Seema V. Vorobjeva. „Hydrogeological condition of wastewater disposal in the territory of the Novoportovsky oil and gas condensate field“. Oil and Gas Studies, Nr. 2 (27.05.2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2019-2-17-27.

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Significant amounts of liquid industrial and domestic waste are generated at oil fields in the north territory of Western Siberia. There are currently no reliable methods of purification and utilization for many of them. It is very difficult to ensure long-term isolation of the waste from the hydrosphere and biosphere on the Earth. Underground disposal of wastewater in deep horizons (depths of the Earth) is one way to prevent from their negative impact on the environment and public health.

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Ozkan, Onur, Enakshi D. Wikramanayake und Vaibhav Bahadur. „Modeling humid air condensation in waste natural gas-powered atmospheric water harvesting systems“. Applied Thermal Engineering 118 (Mai 2017): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.02.096.

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Ge, Zhong, Jian Li, Yuanyuan Duan, Zhen Yang und Zhiyong Xie. „Thermodynamic Performance Analyses and Optimization of Dual-Loop Organic Rankine Cycles for Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 4 (16.02.2019): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040680.

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Waste heats of an internal combustion engine (ICE) are recovered by a dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (DORC). Thermodynamic performance analyses and optimizations are conducted with 523.15–623.15 K exhaust gas temperature (Tg1). Cyclopentane, cyclohexane, benzene, and toluene are selected as working fluids for high-temperature loop (HTL), whereas R1234ze(E), R600a, R245fa, and R601a are selected as working fluids for low-temperature loop (LTL). The HTL evaporation temperature, condensation temperature, and superheat degree are optimized through a genetic algorithm, and net power output is selected as the objective function. Influences of Tg1 on system net power output, thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, HTL evaporation temperature, HTL condensation temperature, HTL superheat degree, exhaust gas temperature at the exit of the HTL evaporator, heat utilization ratio, and exergy destruction rate of the components are analyzed. Results are presented as follows: the net power output is mainly influenced by HTL working fluid. The optimal LTL working fluid is R1234ze(E). The optimal HTL evaporator temperature increases with Tg1 until it reaches the upper limit. The optimal HTL condensation temperature increases initially and later remains unchanged for a cyclopentane system, thus keeping constant for other systems. Saturated cycle is suitable for cyclohexane, benzene, and toluene systems. Superheat cycle improves the net power output for a cyclopentane system when Tg1 is 568.15–623.15 K.

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Gadhi, Tanveer Ahmed, Imran Ali, Rasool Bux Mahar, Hubdar Ali Maitlo und Najeebullah Channa. „Waste Heat and Wastewater Recovery in Textile Processing Industry: A Case Study of Adopted Practices“. July 2021 40, Nr. 3 (01.07.2021): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2103.14.

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Textile wet processes dispose of huge amounts of water and energy in the form of hot wastewater and exhaust gas emissions. A significant amount of water and energy can be conserved by adopting various waste heat and water recovery methods, such as the use of heat exchanger, recycling hot wastewater, steam condensate, and cooling water recovery and reuse. In this study, various waste energy and water conservation methods are summarized to highlight their importance for water and energy conservation. For practical consideration, a detailed assessment of such practiced methods was done in one textile processing industry. The obtained results revealed that a high amount of energy and water could be conserved by adopting various waste heat and water recovery methods, with the advantage of reducing environmental pollution while minimizing the consumption of energy and water.

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Onuorah, A. C., und C. C. Osuji. „Financing Prospects in the Gas Industry: A Nigerian Perspective“. International Journal of Business Administration 9, Nr. 6 (21.08.2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n6p46.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the financing prospects in gas industry. This paper classified gas financing into four (4) areas such as (a) associated gas (b) dry gas (c) condensated gas and (d) natural liquid gas. There are fourteen (14) job classifications in the gas industry which corporate bodies or individuals can be engaged. Variables are classified as y = gas production, x/ = gas utilization and xj = gas flared. The values of these variables were obtained from the 2004 statistical bulletin of central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) from 1983-2017. The SPSS/PC was used to subject these variables by the step wise regressional analysis. The result shows that 29.10% of gas produced was utilized while 70.90% were flared as financial waste. We tested hypotheses / by the use of coefficient of variation, we concluded that gas utilization has the highest risk investment potential. Hypothesis 2 accepted Ha2 that means v > Mean x/. While HA was accepted because skewness of x; > .v/. u e recommended a comprehensive investment policy in the gas industry.

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Liu, Yan Feng, Shi Ping Li und Xiang Hong Li. „Energy-Saving Analysis of 215MW Cogeneration Boiler Adding Low Temperature Economizer“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (Oktober 2013): 2777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2777.

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A 215MW cogeneration B&W670/13.7-M type high-pressure natural circulation boilers, the exhaust gas temperature is set as 143 °C, while in the actual operation, the average exhaust gas temperature is 155 °C, and when the unit is running at full capacity in summer the highest exhaust gas temperature is 169.6 °C. In order to satisfy the normal operating temperature of bag filter in summer peak load, and recover low temperature waste heat of fule gas, low temperature economizer is added to the thermal system. Therefore, low-temperature economizers are respectively added in four flues which are between the outlet of the air preheater and the entrance of the bag filter, this will achieve the purpose of reducing flue gas temperature by transferring heat between condensate and flue gas, ensuring the units safe operating and improving the overall operating performance of the boiler.

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Afanasyev, S. V., Yu N. Shevchenko, D. A. Volkov und D. A. Mel’nikova. „Innovative Developments for the Disposal of Spent Ethanolamines from a Carbon Dioxide Purification Unit on Ammonia Aggregates“. Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, Nr. 5 (10.05.2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-5-28-33.

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Various options are considered for the processing of large-capacity waste of ethanolamines generated during long-term operation as absorbents in technological processes of carbon dioxide extraction from converted gas (from a mixture of CO2 and hydrogen) in the production of ammonia type AM-76 and accumulation flue gas. Various innovative methods have been proposed for the disposal of spent mono- and methyldiethanolamines, which are in demand in various industries: in the process of urea condensation with a formaldehyde-containing product in the synthesis of adhesive and impregnating resins for woodworking, in the production of high-quality synthetic drying oils and substitutes for titanium white, in the manufacture of flame retardants and molding mixtures for metal structures and foundry molds in the metallurgical industry, when refining oil from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. This allowed us to solve the important environmental problem of the disposal of toxic waste, optimize the operation of a number of industries and reduce their environmental impact.

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Zhang, Xinxin, Min Cao, Xiaoyu Yang, Hang Guo und Jingfu Wang. „Economic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Using R123 and R245fa as Working Fluids and a Demonstration Project Report“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 2 (15.01.2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020288.

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The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a popular technology used in waste heat recovery and low-grade heat utilization, which are two important measures to solve the problems brought by the energy crisis. The economic performance of ORC system is an important factor affecting its application and development. Therefore, the economic analysis of ORC is of great significance. In this study, R123 and R245fa, two frequently-used working fluids during the transition period, were selected for calculating and analyzing the economic performance of an ORC used for recovery of waste heat with a low flow rate and medium-low temperature. Five traditional economic indicators, namely total cost, net earnings, payback period, return on investment, levelized energy cost, and present value of total profit in system service life, which is a relatively new indicator, were used to establish the economic analysis model of ORC. The variation effects of evaporation temperature, condensation temperature of working fluid, flue gas inlet temperature, and mass flow rate of flue gas on the above six economic indicators were analyzed. The results show that the optimal evaporation temperature of R123 is 125 °C, the optimal condensation temperature is 33 °C, and the optimal heat source temperature is 217 °C. For R245fa, the optimal evaporation temperature is 122 °C, the optimal condensation temperature is 27 °C, and the optimal heat source temperature is 177 °C. The economic performance of an ORC demonstration project was reported and used for comparison with the estimation and analysis. It was found that the single screw expander has an excellent economy performance, which greatly reduces the proportion of expander cost in the ORC system.

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Mücke, Wolfgang, Helmut Greim, Ingrid Neumann, Carsten J. Roller, Siegfried F. Rösch und Walter Huber. „Toxicological investigation on stack‐gas condensates of municipal waste incineration facilities within vitro‐assays“. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 45, Nr. 3-4 (September 1994): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249409358090.

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Ksandrov, Nikolai V., und Olga R. Ozhogina. „ADSORPTION OF AMMONIA WITH ACTIVATED COAL AG-3“. IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, Nr. 8 (21.08.2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt201861008.5726.

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The problem of NH3 extraction from wet gases and returning it to the process may take place in the technologies which use aqueous ammonia solutions. The extraction of non-ferrous metal oxides forming soluble ammoniates from industrial wastes with the solution of ammonium chloride and ammonia in water is an example of such technologies. The oxides of non-ferrous metals are then precipitated, driving the mixture of water vapor and ammonia off the solution. Waste purification reduces the pollution of natural water resources and expands the raw material base of metallurgy of copper and zinc. To return NH3 to the waste treatment it is efficient to use adsorption of ammonia from the gas-vapor mixture. The silica gel used in ammonia plants is not applicable to absorption NH3 from wet gases. The data on the adsorption NH3 from the gas-vapor mixture with hydrophobic activated coals are not sufficient for practical purposе. The dependence of the equilibrium adsorption capacity of activated coal AG-3 on ammonia wapors on their partial pressure at 0.1−15 kPa and a tempеrature of 288−323 K in the sorption of ammonia from wet gases is studied with a dynamic method. The micropore volume of the coal samples is equal to 0.31±0.02 cm3/g. The presented equation provides the calculation of the sorption capacity of coal in the studied range of adsorption parameter change with an average error less than 5% for each isotherme. The heat of adsorption is equal to 37 -39 kJ/mol which is larger than the heat of condensation of ammonia vapors by about 20 kJ/mol, which is typical for physical adsorption. During the regeneration of the coal which absorbed the ammonia the adsorption capacity was stable.

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Радченко, Роман Николаевич. „ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОНДЕНСАТА КАК СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕГО ПРОДУКТА ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА НА ВХОДЕ ГАЗОТУРБИННОЙ УСТАНОВКИ“. Aerospace technic and technology, Nr. 1 (25.02.2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.1.06.

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The processes of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling with generation of condensate as a subproduct were investigated. The heat-humidity processes in the two-stage air cooler of combined type with the first low temperature cooling stage were water with temperature of about 7 °C as a coolant for precooling air from the changeable ambient temperature to the temperature not lower than 15 °C is used and low temperature cooling stage with a refrigerant boiling at the temperature of 2-4 °C as a coolant for further deep cooling air to the temperature of about 10 °C by utilizing the exhaust gas waste heat in the absorption lithium-bromide chiller as the high temperature cooling stage and refrigerant ejector chiller as the low temperature cooling stage of the combined thermotransformer has been analyzed for daily changing ambient air temperatures and heat loads on the stages as consequence. The processes of generating the condensate as a subproduct of gas turbine unit intake air two-stage cooling were simulated by using the computer simulation programs of the firms-producers of heat equipment for more than twice decreased heat load upon the high temperature cooling stage as compared with a heat load upon the low temperature cooling stage. The data about amount of condensate extracted in each air cooler stage was summed up over a day, three days and July and its temperature was calculated. The results of calculation have shown that the temperature of condensate received in the refrigerant low temperature cooling stage are lower by about 4 °C as compared with its value for high temperature cooling stage with a chilled water temperature of 7 °C from absorption lithium-bromide chiller. It was also shown that inspite of intensive changeable current temperatures of condensate from each and both stages mean weighted values of temperature of condensate from both stages of a combined two-stage air cooler remained nearly unchangeable during days. A conclusion about using the condensate from low temperature cooling stage as a coolant has been made

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Kai, Wang, Lu Kun und Wang Shuai. „Economic Analysis of Waste Heat Utilization for Coal-fired Power Units“. E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185702004.

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Strict energy conservation policies require power plants to minimize energy consumption as much as possible. Low pressure economizer is an effective method to recycle waste heat from boiler exhaust gas. In this paper, the economic analysis model of coal-fired power plant is established by means of equivalent enthalpy drop method, and the waste heat utilization effect on thermal systems is investigated, including boiler efficiency, steam turbine power output, condensate pump, induced draft fan, electro static precipitator and desulfurization system. Then the economic effect on a 1000 MW ultra super critical unit in Shandong Province is calculated. The results show that waste heat utilization could comprehensively reduce standard coal consumption rate by 1.89 g/(kW·h), and the unit could save about 10.8 thousand tons standard coal and 1.29 billion dollars every year. Besides, the energy saving effect is more significant for lower load condition.

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Xiong, Lian You, Wen Hai Lu, Zhi Yong Huo und Nan Peng. „Development of a Condensation Refueling Gas Recovery System Based on Turbo Brayton Refrigeration Technique“. Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (Juni 2014): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.595.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from the refueling of gasoline vehicles and trucks. Controlling these emissions has been an important issue since the late 2000s in China. We have recently developed a condensation refueling gas recovery system to recover the VOCs from gaseous wastes at a bulk gasoline terminal. In this system VOC vapor is condensed by a reversed turbo-Brayton cycle refrigerator. The recovery system has a capacity of 100 Nm3/hr at the lowest condensation temperature of 190K. It has been put into use since 2008. The achieved recovery efficiency is 96% and the emission of VOCs is less than 8 g/m3 at the exit of the recovery system.

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Ifa, La. „TECHNO ECONOMIC STUDY OF LIQUID SMOKE FROM CASHEW NUT SHELL WASTE“. Journal of Industrial Engineering Management 6, Nr. 1 (18.05.2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jiem.v6i1.879.

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Liquid smoke has a very large use, it is a result of condensation or condensation of pyrolysis vapor, directly or indirectly from wood materials such as cashew nut shells. Cashew nut shell is an abundant biomass of cashew nut processing industry but its utilization is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to make liquid smoke from cashew nut shell waste (technological aspect) and conduct economic analysis (economic aspect) to determine economic feasibility. Liquid smoke is made by pyrolysis at a temperature of 150-450oC in a simple batch type reactor. The results obtained were analyzed for its chemical components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MC) spectrophotometer analysis. The largest liquid smoke production was obtained at a temperature of 450oC and a time of 2.5 hours with a yield of 19.46%. The main chemical components contained in liquid smoke are phenol (36.310%), acid (12.947%) and carbonyl (16.715%) respectively. With a liquid smoke production capacity of 200 tons per year, liquid smoke products can be sold at a price of IDR 3,620,137,785/years. Total Production cost 2,572,976,800/years. Annual net profit 733,012,689. Investigation of the economic feasibility of liquid smoke production, seen from the Rate of Rate on Investment, is 15.65%, Pay Out Time is 2.99 years and Break Event Point is 49.05%

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Chouhan, Dr Hanumant Singh. „Analysis of Gas Condensates-waste from the Gas Industry with Plasmochemical and Manufacture of Hydrogen by Electrolysis of Water“. International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, Nr. 2 (30.03.2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.6.2.4.

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Zhang, Ji Meng, Hang Ning Zhou und Yi Fan Zhang. „Fuzzy Control Application in Condensation Water Recovery Equipment“. Advanced Materials Research 487 (März 2012): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.487.134.

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Abstract: With economic development rapid, energy demand is also growing.How to save energy in the energy exploitation process is a problems of the world attention. At present, condensation water of heating system in the steam heating system and thermal power enterprises is Is recovered and re-used by the various types of condensation water recovery equipment.The closed condensation water recovery equipment is an energy conservation device which energy saving effect is very good .It is used at the gas pipe and network equipment to reclaim condensation water so that the will be wasted natural resources are fully utilized. This article discussions one kind of internal pressure fuzzy control of collecting water unit(CWU) from electric intelligent control .This electric intelligent pressure fuzzy control system can let the water recovery equipment device operation in multiple public network, constant pressure and level, high temperatures, the fully automatic, safe and reliable status.

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Dolotovskij, Igor, Nadezhda Dolotovskaya, Evgeniy Larin und Boris Semenov. „Utilization plants in energy and water supply systems of oil and gas enterprises“. E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914010002.

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Within the context of energy efficiency and environmental safety, the creation of energy and water supply systems integrated with the units for utilization of combustible waste, low-pressure gases and industrial wastewater are of high priority for oil and gas enterprises. A method for the synthesis of these rational systems and a two-dimensional model for evaluating performance indicators are proposed. We have developed alternative structures based on the block-modular principle of equipment composition formation, which allows structurally parametric integration of energy and utilization modules with technological productions; performed pre-project evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative options for the energy and water supply system with the utilization of low-pressure gases, thermal neutralization of industrial wastewater for methanol recovery plants and designed a multipurpose oil and gas condensate processing enterprise. Integration of utilization, energy and technological installations in energyand water supply systems allows reducing the consumption of heat and electric energy from external sources by 56–100%, and water consumption by 40–50%. Accordingly, the cost of wastewater reducing by an average of 76–93% for oil and gas condensate processing facilities. Almost complete utilization of low-pressure hydrocarbon gases is achieved (the volume of flared emissions is reduced by 90–98%).

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Katz, A., A. R. Brough, R. J. Kirkpatrick, L. J. Struble, G. K. Sun und J. F. Young. „Cement solidification of simulated off-gas condensates from vitrification of low-level nuclear waste solutions“. Waste Management 21, Nr. 6 (Januar 2001): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(00)00105-7.

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Katz, A. „Cement solidification of simulated off-gas condensates from vitrification of low-level nuclear waste solutions“. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, Nr. 4 (Juli 2002): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)86499-2.

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Elsner, Dorothea, und Anette Fomin. „A new approach for biological online testing of stack gas condensate from municipal waste incinerators“. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 9, Nr. 4 (Juli 2002): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987501.

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Spazzafumo, G. „STORING RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN A SUBSTITUTE OF NATURAL GAS“. Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), Nr. 01-03 (25.02.2019): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.01-03.067-075.

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This paper proposes a way to obtain valuable electric power and valuable fuel starting from renewable variable electric power plus biomass and/or waste products. Biomass/biofuel can be oxyburned using electrolytic oxygen to generate electric power. Gas turbines or internal combustion engines are suitable to such a task, but there is the problem of very high temperatures connected to oxy combustion. In the case of gas turbine the inlet temperature could be controlled by adding steam and/or carbon dioxide, while in the case of internal combustion engines only carbon dioxide could be used. In such a way the exhaust gas continues to be formed by carbon dioxide and steam which can be easily separated by condensation. Carbon dioxide is fed to a Sabatier process together with electrolytic hydrogen to generate a gas with characteristics similar to natural gas. Although electrolytic hydrogen could be used directly both in internal combustion engines and fuel cells, significant problems to hydrogen distribution and on-board storing still exists. Therefore the substitute of natural gas could be a real bridge solution for the short/medium term. A simulation has been carried out and the resulting efficiencies range from 0.52 to 0.58.

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Bodachivska, L. Yu. „Side streams from the vegetable oil production as feedstock for surfactants and treir derivative technical systems“. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Nr. 31 (2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2021.31.055.

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This work conducts a technical analysis of the current production and consumption of vegetable oils and some of the oily byproducts to determine the potential feedstock for the synthesis of non-food-competitive surfactants and surfactant-based systems. It defines the concentrated phosphatides (phosphatidic sludge) as no-/low- value streams, appropriately suited for chemical valorisation. The study further creates biobased surfactants by amidation of phosphatidic sludge derived from refinery of sunflower and rapeseed oils with monoethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, or N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, under the action of calcium hydroxide as catalyst in excellent yields (95–98 %). Besides waste remediation, the use of phosphatides enabled to create the mixed surfactant compositions, comprising fatty acid alkanolamides and calcium glycerolphosphatides with improved solubility in organic non-polar solvents. With new surfactants, there have been created reversed emulsion systems, which can be potentially applied to the development and exploitation of gas and oil deposits are recommended for drilling wells, the disclosure of productive strata; perforation of wells and development of productive layers; blockage of gas, gas condensate and oil wells; elimination of manifestations and flow of gas in wells; limitation and elimination of waterways; cleaning of the hollow zone of wells and intensification of the inflow of hydrocarbon raw materials, which have been tested in laboratory and experimental industrial conditions, and a significant part of them have been introduced or tested on gas condensate fields. Creation of coordinated, effective and economical actions that should be formed in the state energy policy of Ukraine would facilitate the development of oil and gas companies, namely: increase of own oil and gas production; maximizing the potential of energy saving; diversification of external sources of supply; approximation of the parameters of the oil and gas industry to the norms and standards of the European Union.

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Iliev, Iliya, Angel Terziev, Hristo Beloev und Christiyan Iliev. „Specifics in the operating modes of thermosyphon air heater of steam generators №1 and №2 in TPP "Republika" at fuel switch from coal to natural gas“. E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198501003.

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A fuel switch is motivated both by the necessity of increasing energy efficiency and the compliance with the ever-stricter regulations regarding the release of harmful emissions in the environment. In this paper a thorough financial and energy analysis on the fuel switch from coal to natural gas is carried out, in particular with respect to waste heat recovery systems (two phase thermosyphons). As a result of the calculation of the heat transfer coefficients for both fuels, it is established that the system running on natural gas has a lower value, due to the lower air velocity, caused in turn by the lower requirement for excess air. The heat transfer coefficients of the evaporation and condensation zones respectively are established hfgas=104.9 И hair=84.9 (W/m2.K) for coal and hfgas И hair =84.7 (W/m2.K) respectively for gas. A numerical study is also carried out and a methodology for the analysis of the efficiency of two phase thermosyphons with complex geometry is presented.

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Park, Soon Dal, Jong Gu Kim, Won Ho Kim und Hag Seong Kim. „DISTRIBUTION OF TRITIUM IN THE LEACHATES AND METHANE GAS CONDENSATES FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE LANDFILLS IN KOREA“. Water and Environment Journal 19, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00556.x.

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Maalouf, Samer, Elias Boulawz Ksayer und Denis Clodic. „Investigation of direct contact condensation for wet flue-gas waste heat recovery using Organic Rankine Cycle“. Energy Conversion and Management 107 (Januar 2016): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.09.047.

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Wang, Shuai. „Experimental investigation of condensation heat transfer characteristics and corrosion resistance on coated tube surfaces“. Thermal Science, Nr. 00 (2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200525255w.

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The condensation heat transfer characteristics and corrosion resistance of copper, Ni-P-Cu, polytetrafluoroethylene, Ni-P and Ni coated tube surfaces were investigated. The results indicate that condensation heat transfer coefficient of Ni-P-Cu, PTFE, Ni-P and Ni coated tubes grows by 36.8%?29.3%, 19.6% and 7.5% than that of copper tubes, respectively. The phase structure of Ni, Ni-P, Ni-P-Cu and PTFE coated tube surfaces is mixed crystal structure(nanocrystals-based), mixed crystal structure (amorphous-based), amorphous structure and crystal structure, respectively. Compared with Ni coating and Ni-P coated tube surfaces, the condensation droplets outside Ni-P-Cu and PTFE coated tubes are smaller in size, more densely distributed, and fall off more quickly, which can significantly promote dropwise condensation. Ni-P-Cu coated tube surfaces achieve optimal condensation heat transfer. The corrosion speed of copper, Ni, Ni-P, Ni-P-Cu and PTFE coated tubes are 86.5, 42.6, 18.2, 10.7 and 6.1 mg?dm-2?d-1, respectively. PTFE coating tubes have the optimal corrosion resistance. Ni-P-Cu and PTFE coated tube surfaces have the best condensation heat transfer characteristics and corrosion resistance, and can be well used in the recovery of waste heat from low-temperature flue gas. The multiple linear regression of the experimental data was carried out to obtain the experimental correlation formula for Nusselt number of convective condensation composite heat transfer for different coated tubes. The relative error between the predicted value and the experimental value is within ?15%.

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Девисилов, Vladimir Devisilov, Жидков und Dmitriy Zhidkov. „Application of Vortex Technology for Purification of Vinyl Chloride Production Waste“. Safety in Technosphere 2, Nr. 6 (25.12.2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2162.

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The settlement assessment of Ranque—Hilsch vortex pipes application for low-temperature purification of vinyl chloride production waste gases has been presented. It is shown that implementation of the recuperative scheme with vortex pipes will allow to improve ecological and economic indicators of the main chemical technology. Bench tests of vortex generators of cold as a part of the industrial unit gave the chance to receive their thermodynamic characteristics on real waste gas and technical nitrogen. It is established that in lack of the recuperative heat exchanger a condensation of vinyl chloride vapors proceeds in vortex pipe itself. Application of a three-line vortex pipe is recommended in case of need. At research of not adiabatic vortex pipe cooled by a coolant, it has been established an experiment divergence with the theory of micro refrigerating cycles. It is offered to explain the arisen contradiction from a position of shock and wave mechanism of Ranque—Hilsch effect developed by authors.

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