Dissertationen zum Thema „Warehouse logistics“

At the turn of the years 2009 and 2010 the structure of supply chain of the company operating in the Czech and Slovak republic has changed through Warehouse Change Project. The goal of this diploma thesis is to evaluate changes caused by this project in term of mathematical modeling and multi-criterial decision making; eventually, propose appropriate changes in the logistic system.

Introduction: Improving efficiency through the supply chain has long been strived for by management. Traditional approaches focus on improving efficiency in the supply chain through optimization of a company’s internal activities, where warehouses play an important role. Companies are therefore dealing with the dilemma of how to increase efficiency in their warehouse, yet at the same time reduce operational costs. Current research focuses on strategies to increase efficiency in conventional warehouses by studying design, operations, and planning. Digitalization and lean warehousing are also emerging as important tools for warehouse efficiency. However, alternative warehouse types exist that are less researched. The research aimed therefore to investigate the challenges warehouses with stock point design face.   Methods: A qualitative and deductive case study approach was chosen. A literature review was first conducted to find the variables defining warehouse efficiency. Interviews and observations were then performed at the case company to investigate how the variables affect efficiency at the case company. Lastly, the theoretical framework was compared to the findings to find strategies to overcome the challenges.  Findings: Efficiency problems can be found in many aspects of the case company´s warehouse. Over time the warehouse has lost its structure, where a lot of reliability for warehouse procedures are placed on the employees and their knowledge about the company and all parts. Because of missing routines for reviewing parts data, changes in generations and parts being revised, are hard to keep track of which causes an effect on efficiency. It also increases the risk of deadstock.  Conclusions: In previous research, few studies could be found where researchers tackle the problems that multiple storage building causes on efficiency. By concluding that seven key variables define warehouse efficiency from previous research and applying them to a warehouse with stock point design, the challenges that an alternative warehouse face through the important variables in warehouse efficiency research could be explained.  All the variables affect efficiency, yet warehouse design has the biggest impact. Because of limited abilities with hand scanners and missing routines for reviewing parts data, operations, movement, and planning can also be concluded to have a high influence on efficiency.  To overcome the challenges, strategies for class-based storage assignment should be applied from the perspective of the storage building limitations. Right conditions for batching and good routines for warehouse procedures and reviewing parts data are also suggested as strategies.

“Property owners who start to understand the new demands from the e--‐commerce companies and start handling the risks it implies can probably have a lot to win.” Johan Franzén, Catena The e--‐commerce sector is growing rapidly as a result of the current digitalization,changing the society's day--‐to--‐day consuming patterns. E--‐commerce companies have a unique set of  characteristics, creating new demands within the warehouse and logistics segment in the leasing market. Leases with durations between 10--‐15 years have traditionally been  common for warehouse and logistics properties. However the current trend is towards lease agreements with shorter lease duration. This report intends to analyze how the e--‐ commerce expansion affects the warehouse and logistics market, and to  determine if the statement regarding if there is a gap between different players in the market holds. The selection of participants in the study consists of e--‐ commerce companies, property owners and third--‐party logistics companies. In addition to this, interviews have been held with a variety of property consultants as well as with a professor in retail and logistics. Using a Qualitative method, the aim to examine the different market participants’ views and perceptions on the subject. The result of the study clearly shows there is an asymmetry between the different participants active within the segment.  The e--‐commerce companies demand lease agreements with shorter lease duration, whilst the property owners prefer longer lease durations in order to decrease the risk. Furthermore, shorter lease duration affects the transaction market and property value considerably. The demand for city logistics is increasing and the demand for central warehousing will remain. Finally,  it becomes more common with automation in the warehouse and logistics  space.

This report is a part of a larger project with the aim of developing a proof-of-concept prototype. The project was started on the initiative of Company X and is a collaboration between them and the University of Borås. Company X are a logistics consultant firm specialized in warehousing operations. Through this project Company X hope to strengthen their standing on the market and offer their customers new and innovative solutions. The purpose of this project is to, with the assistance of AI, calculate in what cluster within a warehouse a product should be placed in order to create more efficient picking routes and to research the market in order to evaluate the business potential for this kind of service. This specific report aims to conduct a market analysis for the potential service. It will do so by conducting interviews and creating a theoretical framework consisting of relevant literature. When performing the market research and analysis of the potential IT-service there are a few limitations caused by a number of factors that could potentially affect the significance of the end result. The service is not yet developed and cannot be described in detail but only as an idea, which could make it difficult for the interview respondents to fully understand the service. The report will also be limited for certain practical reasons such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Because of this, the report has not had the opportunity to conduct the interviews with potential customers on site but have been conducted online, via link. The theoretical framework has two different main focus areas. The first area addresses basic warehouse logistics and difficulties in selling high technology products, while the second area includes marketing strategies and strategic marketing planning. The market analysis will consist of a SWOT-analysis and an STP-analysis. The report has concluded that the service has potential and suggests that company type B is the best suited potential customer. Personal and demand driven sales are also considered helpful factors when selling high-tech products and solutions.
Detta arbete är en del av ett större projekt med syftet att utveckla en proof-of-concept prototyp. Projektet, som är ett samarbete mellan ”Företag X” och Högskolan i Borås, startades på initiativ av Företag X. Företaget är specialiserat på logistiklösningar och lagerverksamhet. Förhoppningen med projektet från Företag X perspektiv är att stärka sin marknadsposition och kunna erbjuda sina kunder nya och innovativa lösningar. Projektets syfte är med hjälp av AI beräkna i vilket kluster inom ett lager en produkt ska placeras för att skapa effektivare plockrundor samt att undersöka marknaden för att kunna utvärdera affärspotentialen för denna typ av tjänst. Detta arbete syftar till att genomföra en marknadsanalys för den potentiella tjänsten som underlag för forskningsprojektet. Marknadsanalysen baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med personer utvalda genom ett experturval samt ett teoretiskt ramverk. Marknadsanalysen har vissa begränsningar som potentiellt kan påverka resultatet. Bland annat det faktum att tjänsten inte är utvecklad än och därför bara kan beskrivas som idé vilket kan bidra till svårigheter för intervjurespondenterna att förstå tjänsten fullt ut. Även Covid-19 pandemin anses vara en begränsning rent praktiskt då intervjuerna inte har kunnat ske på plats utan har fått ske digitalt istället. Det teoretiska ramverket har två huvudfokus, det ena berör lagerlogistik och svårigheter med att sälja högteknologiska produkter medan det andra behandlar marknadsföringsstrategier och strategisk marknadsplanering. Marknadsanalysen består av en SWOT-analys och en STP-analys. Arbetet har kommit fram till att tjänsten har potential och föreslår företagstyp B som den mest optimala kunden att rikta försäljning av denna typ av tjänster mot. Personlig och efterfrågestyrd försäljning anses vara viktiga aspekter av försäljning av högteknologiska produkter och tjänster.

Logistics makes extensive use of human and material resources to achieve a target level of customer service at the lowest possible cost. It has been recognized as a major key to success in commerce and industry, and continues to evolve radically and grow in importance in recent years. Warehousing, as one of the most costly elements of logistics, is often the central operation in most logistics networks. Its successful management is critical in terms of both cost and service. In this thesis, two problem areas in warehouse logistics are studied: stock loading and order picking. Stock loading is an essential operation in modern logistics. Improvement on container capacity utilization and loading efficiency significantly reduces costs. For a given set of boxes in different sizes and an unlimited number of identical containers, the basic cargo loading problem is to determine the minimum number of containers required. The problem is proven NP-hard. To tackle this problem, a Tabu search optimization with a tree-based cargo loading algorithm as its inner heuristic is proposed. This approach has flexibility in taking different box conditions into consideration, and can find better solutions on average than other recent meta- or heuristic algorithms. Decreasing order sizes and increasing fuel costs provide a strong incentive for the inner-city truck loading operation to utilize container space more efficiently in transporting goods to multiple clients during one trip. This considers not only traditional loading constraints, but also multi-drop requirements. A wallbuilding heuristics based on a binary tree data structure is proposed to handle these side constraints. A dynamic space decomposition approach, together with a repacking and space amalgamation strategy, permits an efficient and effective loading plan. Order picking, one of the most critical warehousing operations, is the second problem studied in this thesis. An analytical approximation model is proposed based on probability modeling and queueing network theory applied to a synchronized zone picker-to-part order picking system with different routing and ABC-class inventory storage policies. The numerical results are compared and validated via simulation. The resulting model can therefore be usefully applied in the design and selection process of order picking systems. The routing versus storage issues are further investigated with a simulation model. This extends the existing research by evaluating multiple routing and storage policies under varying operating conditions. Results show that the midpoint, return and traversal routing policies generally perform best when paired with perimeter, across-aisle and within-aisle storage strategies, respectively. Yet performance is indeed dependent on demand patterns, zone sizes, batch sizes and order sizes. At first glance, order picking and stock loading operation seem to pursue different objectives. However, they are two related operations conducted sequentially from internal to the outbound side of warehousing. An efficient order picking system is a precondition for an effective loading operation at the shipping dock, especially when multiple orders need to be selected for consolidation in shipment. The proposed loading algorithms and the order picking system performance evaluation models can be used to further study the effective integration of these two functions.
published_or_final_version
Mathematics
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

Stadium driver i dagsläget en centrallagerlösning i Norrköping sedan år 2006. Det har skett en stabil ökning av både butiker samt omsättning sedan bolaget startades. Stadium har ett avtal med PostNord angående driften av lagerverksamheten på centrallagret samt Pema angående bemanningen. Bolagets ökning av butiker har lett till att de nått en väldigt hög nivå i beläggning i centrallagret och därför behövdes en genomlysning av centrallagrets plockprocesser ske. Ett beslutsunderlag har tagits fram för att hjälpa Stadiumlagret med sin frekvensläggning av orderplocket. Två olika plockprocesser har jämförts med varandra, Banan och ett plocktorg. Banan är en automatiserad bana där plocklådor med ordrar transporteras längs Banans olika plockzoner, medan plocktorget är en tom yta där pallar med artiklar placeras och sedan plockas. Tidsstudier och observationer genomfördes på både Banan och plocktorget och dess olika steg i processerna, för att se vilken som var mest tidseffektiv. Kriterier och variabler togs fram för att kunna avgöra vad det är som påverkar respektive plockprocess. Beräkningar utformades för att göra Banans och plocktorgets tider jämförbara. Den plockprocess som sedan tog minst tid totalt skulle vara den bästa plockprocessen att plocka i. För att utforma ett beslutsunderlag som enkelt skulle illustrera ifall skor skulle plockas på plocktorget eller Banan, gjorde valet att utforma beslutsunderlaget i en matris. I matrisen illustreras vid vilket antal artiklar en brytpunkt finns där det skulle vara bättre att plocka på plocktorg. För att undersöka ifall centrallagret någon gång kom upp i de kvantiteter som krävdes för att nå brytpunkten användes verkliga exempel. En känslighetsanalys genomfördes där data från verkliga exempel användes och sorterades på olika sätt, för att undersöka om stora skillnader i resultatet i matrisen skulle uppenbaras. Det resulterade i sex olika matriser, tre olika sorteringar för två separata dagar av orderplock. Beslutsunderlagets matris visade att Banan var den mest effektiva plockprocessen att använda i den dagliga verksamheten för orderplocket. Anledningen till det var att Stadiumlagret inte plockade skor i de kvantiteter som brytpunkterna efterfrågade. Oavsett hur datan sorteras så övergick aldrig den totala kvantiteten av orderplock de brytpunkterna som hade beräknats. Det var en av sorteringarna som kom närmre brytpunkten än de andra två, men inte tillräckligt nära för att frekvenslägga orderplocket på plocktroget istället för Banan. Rekommendationen till PostNord blev därför att de inte skulle använda plocktorget till det ordinarie orderplocket i den dagliga verksamheten, på grund av att det är mindre effektivt att plocka på plocktorget. Plocktorget kan dock användas som ett komplement till Banan precis som den används i dagsläget. Tillfällen då plocktorget kan användas är när det exempelvis inte finns tillräckligt antal lediga plockplatser på Banan, om artiklarna är för otympliga för att plocka på Banan eller om antalet pieces av en artikel skulle medföra orimligt många påfyllningar av Banans plockplatser.

Cytiva is a global provider of technologies to global pharmaceutical companies and it is critical to ensure that Cytiva’s customers receive deliveries of products on-time. Cytiva’s products are shipped via road transportation within most parts of Europe and for the rest in the world air freight is used. The company is challenged to deliver products on time between regional distribution points and from manufacturing sites to its regional distribution centers. The time performance for the delivery of goods is today 79% compared to the company’s goal 95%. The goal of this work is to find the root causes and recommend improvement opportunities for the logistics organizations inbound in-transit time performance towards their target of 95% success rate of shipping in-transit times. Data for this work was collected from the company’s system to create visibility for the logistics specialists and to create a prediction that can be used for the warehouse in Rosersberg. Visibility was created by implementing various dashboards in the QlikSense program that can be used by the logistics group. The prediction models were built on Holt-Winters forecasting technique to be able to predict quantity, weight and volume of products, which arrive daily within five days and are enough to be implemented in the daily work. With the forecasting technique high accurate models were found for both the quantity and weight with accuracies of 96.02% and 92.23%, respectively. For the volume, however, too many outliers were replaced by the mean values and the accuracy of the model was 75.82%. However, large amounts of discrepancies have been found in the data which today has led to a large ongoing project to solve. This means that the models shown in this thesis cannot be completely reliable for the company to use when a lot of errors in their data have been found. The models may need to be adjusted when the quality of the data has increased. As of today the models can be used by having a glance upon.

During the last decades, it has been brought to light that well organized logistics processes have contributed to competitive advantages for companies. Mio AB, a chain store warehouse and the second largest furniture company in Sweden, is operating in the middle of an expansion phase with growing revenue. As a consequence, larger volumes of goods are handled, space utilization become more scarce and the everyday operations within the internal logistics are affected. Therefore, the processes within the warehouse department were measured by performing a frequency study, registering how time was distributed between the different work tasks. In order to fully understand the processes, interviews were held with management and personnel. After analyzing previous research that could help guide to ease the impositions and analyzing the result of the frequency study, wastes were identified and new ways of working were suggested. The result firstly presents how to organize internal logistics operations in chain store warehouses to gain competitive advantage. Secondly, keeping in mind that firefighting stressed situations usually is not sustainable and only eases loads temporarily, long-term sustainability and ethics were addressed. Concluding that in order to optimize internal logistics operations in chain store warehouses and gain a long-term competitive advantage in a sustainable way, are achieved through standardizing work tasks, ensuring commitment of management and personnel and applying systems to serve the people and processes. Lastly it is advised to keep in mind the impact a company have on its surroundings and the importance of engaging in sustainable and ethically friendly operations, in order to achieve long-term competitive logistics.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse actual processes in the warehouse of Electrolux and to recommend changes which should contribute to increase in efficiency of these warehouse processes. The concept of logistics and integrated supply chains is defined in the theoretical part. Moreover, this part outlines the task of logistics in the company and the role of warehousing. The analytical part focuses on warehouse area and on warehouse processes in the warehouse of Electrolux. The crucial topic of this part is the evaluation of possible alternatives of warehouse processes rationalisation.

PostNord TPL manages the warehouse for BAUHAUS WEB, which has expanded since the start in 2011. PostNord TPL face the challenge of handling articles with different characteristics from BAUHAUS WEB's wide product range. In consultation with BAUHAUS WEB, PostNord TPL believes that the number of customer orders will continue to increase. PostNord TPL now wants to prepare for the spring of 2021 by identifying process improvements and efficiency proposals for inventory management.  To understand the processes and identify the challenges within, a process mapping was done for the departments Delivery and Dispatch. Based on a workshop held during the thesis work, a need to relocate the items in the warehouse based on picking frequency was identified for Dispatch and a need for a correction for division of labor within Delivery. Division of labor concerns the activity logging of deliveries performed by a group leader.  The items picked at the warehouse are picked according to different picking lists based on customer orders that vary from day to day. By examining the design of a picking list, it was possible to investigate if an ABC-classification would make the picking process more efficient. For storage areas with one customer order per picking list, the analysis showed that an ABC-classification favored the inventory management.  The number of warehouse employees required to handle the increase in customer order during spring of 2021 was calculated with resource plans for Delivery and Dispatch. For the departments Delivery and Dispatch two resource plans each were made. The resource plan for Delivery considering logging of deliveries showed a marginal difference in number of employees. For Dispatch the resource plan considering the picking time reduction from the ABC-classification gave the least number of employees. PostNord TPL should carry out an ABC-classification to make the inventory management more efficient which contributes to fewer employees and affects the storage and refill of goods. A future study that this work can be followed up with, is to investigate whether and how the ABC-classification changes during the entire low season and the transition between high and low season.

Thesis consist of two parts. The first part investigates theoretical aspects of logistics focused mainly on logistic chains in the automotive industry. The second, practical part, analysis Pre-series Logistics at Skoda Auto a.s., especially its specific warehouse number 29. Based on the method of "snapshot" process analysis, a new concept leading to an optimization of processes in the warehouse, was proposed. In addition, an implemantation of a new information "paper-free system" of the warehouse was suggested.

This study examines how and on what basis logistics centres are located in Greater Stockholm. Its purpose is to formulate a possible future scenario regarding localisations of logistics centres in Greater Stockholm in 10-15 years. Goods transports, distribution, property characteristics, market trends, investment decisions, localisation factors, potential challenges, public plans, transport infrastructure and logistics locations have been investigated in order to form a conclusion. There is a wide range of previous research on most fields mentioned above. Yet there is a gap regarding a picture of them from a market perspective applied to Stockholm’s future. The research method is qualitative, involving 31 interviews (34 respondents) representing logistics companies, goods holders, property developers, investors, consultants and municipalities; as they are making the decisions of tomorrow, i.e. "choose" the locations. The qualitative approach has been complemented with descriptions of infrastructure, regional plans and reports in order to consolidate and complement facts and opinions from the interviews. Together they provide the basis for a final analysis and discussion followed by a possible future scenario of Greater Stockholm’s major logistics locations. Stockholm’s population and purchase power is increasing; there is a housing shortage which is forecasted to worsen, environmental regulations get stricter, financing for logistics developments is getting harder, competition increases among logistics companies and the transport infrastructure in Stockholm is facing major changes. The strongest effects these parameters have had on logistics property market is that space consuming businesses move to the outskirts as they cannot find economy in being centrally located. The trend of space consuming activities leaving the city centres in favour of e.g. residential, office and retail use seem to continue. There is an increased interest from investors and operators for logistics in Greater Stockholm. Many central locations are left in order to find modern (more efficient) outskirt located (cheaper) premises. The major logistics centres in 10-15 years seem to be "Stockholm Nord" (Rosersberg/Arlanda) in the north "Stockholm Syd" (Södertälje/Nykvarn) in the south. Upplands-Bro and Jordbro will be important. Lunda/Järfälla, Västberga/Årsta together with minor areas in Botkyrka and Huddinge will mainly be options for smaller terminals or cross-docking units, as the land will be too expensive for businesses requiring large spaces.

Lager- och logistik har på senare tid blivit ett högaktuellt område i fastighetsbranschen i samband med den expansiva e-handeln. En byggherre som vill driva projektera och utforma för att sedan hyra ut en logistikanläggning, kan välja att antingen specialanpassa bebyggelsen för en specifik hyresgäst eller bygga rent spekulativt med förtroende i marknaden. Val avutvecklingsform kan beroende på marknadsförutsättningar vara avgörande för att på ett lönsamt sätt kunna utforma en logistikanläggning. Det finns ett stort behov av olika typer av forskning inom det logistiska segmentet, bland annat för hur aktörer på ett strategiskt sätt ska gå tillväga för att vid investering i lager- och logistikanläggningar kunna nå högsta möjliga vinst. Resultatet av den kvalitativa undersökningen i studien visar fördelar- och nackdelar med de två utvecklingsformer, samt för vilken av dessa aktörer av två olika segment kan komma att föredra i deras verksamheter. Olika strategier för maximering av intäkter vid uthyrning samt minimering av kostnader vid framställning och projektering framgår därefter. I den kvantitativa undersökningen har en framställning av historiska data skett för olika kommuner i norra Stockholm, med geografiska förutsättningar för lager- och logistik. Build-to-suit har visat sig vara den mest optimal ur ett lönsamhetsperspektiv tillsammans med dess låga risk i förhållande till spekulativt byggande. Spekulativt byggande har visat sig vara effektivt att genomföra under goda marknadsförutsättningar. Strategier för lönsamhet har påvisats, och är tillämpbara i samtliga utvecklingsformer.
Warehouse- and Logistics have recently become a hot topic within the real estate industry, inconnection with the expanding e-commerce. A real estate developer who wants to run a project, design a warehouse and eventually move onto renting it out, can choose to either customise the warehouse to a specific tenant, or build purely speculative with confidence in the market. Depending on market conditions, the choice of development form can be decisive to be able to design a logistic property in a profitable way. There is great need for different types of research within the logistic segment, including how certain real estate developers should proceed strategically to achieve the highest possible profit when investing in warehouse and logistic facilities. The results from a qualitative approach within the study, shows both advantages and disadvantages of the two development forms, Build-to-suit and Speculative development.Different strategies for maximizing rental income and minimizing costs of production are also being present within the research. In a quantitative approach, historical data has been gathered from different municipalities in northern Stockholm with exceptional geographical conditionsfor warehouse and logistics. Build-to-suit has proven to be the most optimal choice of development from a profitabilityperspective, along with its low risk in comparison to Speculative development. Building speculatively has proven to be effective only in certain market conditions. Strategies for profitability have been presented, and have proven to be applicable in both of the forms of development.

Mobile computing and wireless systems are becoming more common as wireless technology evolves. Many authors argue that wireless systems can provide advantages and value to organisations, such as increased efficiency and effectiveness. Literature also shows that wireless systems especially suits companies within the logistics industry. However, some authors also highlight disadvantages regarding these solutions, for example insufficient security.

The purpose of this thesis is to present advantages and disadvantages for organisations regarding usage of wireless systems in a warehouse setting, and the factors that have an influence over these advantages and disadvantages.

This purpose is fulfilled with the aid of a qualitative study at Maersk Logistics in Torsvik, Jönköping where a number of respondents were interviewed. The study began with a literature study covering different aspects of wireless systems. The literature study was used to construct an interview guide, and also as a foundation for the analysis.

The empirical study shows that the wireless system at Maersk Logistics provides value to the organisation at both the operational and management level. The effectiveness and efficiency in the daily work increases and the system generates accurate information that forms a good foundation for the decision-making process. The study also shows that precautions need to be taken when using a wireless system, since the organisation becomes very dependent on the system.

Mobil datoranvändning och trådlösa system blir mer och mer vanliga i och med utvecklingen av trådlös teknik. Många författare hävdar att trådlösa system bidrar med fördelar och tillför värde till en organisation, exempelvis högre effek-tivitet. Litteraturen visar även att trådlösa system är speciellt lämpade inom logistikindustrin. Vissa författare belyser dock nackdelar relaterade till de här lösningarna, exempelvis bristande säkerhet.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att presentera fördelar och nackdelar för organisa-tioner rörande användande av trådlösa system i lagermiljö, och de faktorer som påverkar dessa fördelar och nackdelar.

Syftet uppfylls med hjälp av en kvalitativ studie på Maersk Logistics i Torsvik, Jönköping där ett antal respondenter har intervjuats. Studien inleddes med en litteraturstudie som omfattade olika aspekter av trådlösa system. Litteraturstudien låg sedan till grund för konstruktion av intervjuguide och genomförande av intervjuerna, och även som underlag för analysen.

Den empiriska studien visar att det trådlösa systemet på Maersk Logistics tillför värde i en organisation både på driftsnivå och på managementnivå. Effektiviteten i det dagliga arbetet blir högre och systemet bidrar med korrekt information som bildar ett bättre underlag för beslutsprocessen. Studien visar också att försiktighetsåtgärder måste vidtas vid användandet av ett trådlöst system eftersom organisationen blir väldigt beroende av systemet.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.

Warehouse automation is a measure E-commerce companies can take to get a more streamlined flow through their warehouse. Order picking is the most labor intensive task in a warehouse. By automating the order picking process companies can lower their costs and improve their response times. This thesis studies the A-frame, an automated order picking system, at a large online pharmacy, Apotea AB. An A-frame has dispensing channels on its side and a conveyor belt that runs through the entire machine. Products for an order are ejected from the channels onto the conveyor belt and at the end of the machine they are dropped into a box. The box is then sealed, labeled and sent to the customer. For the automatic flow to function correctly, all orders picked by the A-frame need to be complete orders. Complete orders are orders where there are no products missing. To maximize the throughput of the A-frame, an appropriate product allocation will be required. Due to the vast number of combinations, it is extremely difficult to identify an optimal product allocation. This study has examined three different approaches to the product allocation problem for an A-frame. The first two methods are based on ranking the products depending on their quantities sold. The last method uses association rule learning, which is a machine learning technique for finding interesting patterns in a data set. Association rule learning was used to find which products were associated to each other. These associations were then placed in a graph structure and solved using a heuristic. To evaluate the different allocation methods, a simulation model was created. The A-frame was simulated using a discrete event simulation, which meant all methods could be tested on the same data to correctly compare the performance of each allocation. The study showed that the heuristic using association rules gave the highest number of picks for the tested period. However, it was only marginally better than the method that first removed orders that could not be picked from the A-frame and then ranked all products by their quantities sold. The study's conclusion is that while association rule learning resulted in the highest number of picked orders, the gain of using it does not motivate its complexity. Instead a more simple approach by ranking products by their quantities sold should be used. Warehousing in the era of E-commerce has to be fast, correct and cheap.

Diploma thesis named „The Study of Warehousing Processes in a Manufacturing Company“is aimed on the mapping of the warehousing processes and the current method of the storage in the manufacturing company. Goal of this thesis is identifying the potential, which should be the result of the realization of the created suggestions, based on the mapping and analyzing current situation of the warehousing processes and warehouse area.

Background: Retailing industry has been growing all around the world tremendously. We will see a remarkable change and improvement in clothing and baby products retailing industries in Sweden. Previously, companies either try to sell through traditional brick and mortar physical stores or online. But since the last decade, to become successful company in new global world, companies realize the fact that they need to combine the strategy of selling through different channels. In plain words the integration of these channels is referred as an omni-channel. Combining the different selling strategies and offering through different mode of channels raises the need for enhanced performance management throughout the supply chain. Within supply chain, warehouse is a crucial element and due to shift in strategies it is the most affected section. An efficient warehouse design is become essential in order to get performance and cost-effective benefits. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of having omni channel strategy on warehouse management. How it affects the overall working of warehousing, and influence their planning, need for improvement, integration and optimization. Further, challenges that a central warehouse faces in accordance to meet new demands and needs, raised due to omni channel strategy e.g. buy anything from anywhere at any time, could be explored along with their possible solutions. Method: An exploratory study is conducted, with qualitative case study methodology. Primary data with semi-structured interviews were considered to be main data collection method. Conclusion: The author has founded challenges that central warehouse faces during its operational activities. Challenges that are identified in central warehouse operational activities with reference to omni channel logistics strategy are human errors, additional work, large and mix pallets, barcoding, ERP and WMS low level integrated systems, unsuitable warehouse design, incompatible picking gears, ineffective automated packing machine and shipping. But these problems can be solved by having optimal integrated ERP system, RFID technology, new improved information technology, improved warehouse layout design and using advanced picking gears.

This diploma thesis deals with register programs that help small and medium-sized enterprises with their warehouse management. In thesis are analyzed programs that are available on the internet for free downloading as demo version. The main part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of available register programs for warehouse management from several aspects. One of the aspect is user's. This aspect is about user interface and therefor if it is the controllability simple or not. The second aspect is about information technology and deals with installation, the availability of updates, databases in which are data saved, etc. The third aspect is financial affordability. During testing was used real data from small business. The final part describes rating of programs that have been analyzed and their verbal evaluation. The benefit of this thesis is to provide a view of available register programs for warehouse management, which are available for small and medium-sized businesses in the Czech Republic.

Максимкова, Ю. Д. Удосконалення логістичної системи як складова підвищення ефективності функціонування підприємcтва (на прикладі ТОВ "Чернігівторг) : магістерська робота: 073 Менеджмент / Ю. Д. Максимкова; керівник роботи Шевченко О. М. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра менеджменту та державної служби – Чернігів, 2020. – 92 с.
Мета дослідження – визначення особливостей сучасної структури логістики на підприємстві та розробка шляхів удосконалення логістичної діяльності досліджуваного підприємства. Предметом дослідження виступають теоретико-методологічні і практичні аспекти побудови сучасної структури логістики на підприємстві. Об’єктом дослідження є процес удосконалення логістичної системи як складова підвищення ефективності функціонування підприємcтва ТОВ "Чернігівторг". Методи дослідження – сукупність загальнонаукових (діалектичний, історичний, логічний, системний аналіз) та спеціальних (документальний аналіз, порівняльно-правовий тощо) методів і прийомів наукового пізнання.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A competitividade econômica tem levado as empresas a buscarem novas soluções através do uso de Tecnologia de Informação (TI) para alcançar vantagens competitivas frente a seus concorrentes. O uso da TI permite às empresas terem maior controle na gestão de seus processos e, com isso, obter ganhos de produtividade, redução de custos operacionais e satisfação dos clientes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar o processo de implementação de um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Armazéns – WMS em atividades logísticas em um centro de distribuição (CD). Será feito um estudo de caso, que consiste em uma avaliação pós-implementação do sistema em um centro de distribuição de medicamentos através de aplicação de um Sistema de Medição de Desempenho Logístico, a fim de identificar as melhorias e ganhos nas atividades de um armazém. Dentro desse contexto, são identificados também os riscos e as resistências na aplicação do WMS. A metodologia utilizada para esta dissertação é de natureza qualitativa, que consiste em revisão bibliográfica, e de caráter exploratório, mediante pesquisas de campo, visitas na empresa do estudo e entrevistas. O resultado deste estudo é uma análise da melhoria de desempenho após a aplicação do WMS, que constata vantagens da TI para a logística de distribuição como maior nível de acuracidade e redução de tempo.
The economic competitiveness has led companies to seek new solutions through the use of Information Technology (IT) to achieve competitive advantages over their competitors. The use of IT enables companies to have greater control in managing their processes and thereby achieve productivity gains, reduce operating costs and improve customer satisfaction. The present study aims to present and analyze the process of implementing a Warehouse Management System - WMS on logistics activities in a distribution center (DC). There will be a case study, consisting of a post-implementation review of the system in a distribution center for drugs through implementation of a Performance Measurement System Logistics in order to identify improvements and gains in the activities of a warehouse. Within this context, are also identified risks and resistance in the implementation of WMS. The methodology used for this thesis is qualitative in nature, consisting of a literature review, and exploratory character, through field research, visits to the company in the are study and interview. The result of this study is an analysis of performance improvement after applying WMS, noting advantages of IT for logistics distribution such as a higher level of accuracy and time reduction.

Färggrossen is a warehousing company that was established in 1976. The company has over 400 customers ranging across mid and south Sweden; it stores 5,000 different types of products such as paints, wallpapers, chemicals and tools which are used for painting.

Since its establishment, the company has not changed how it manages its warehouse. Decisions are based on the warehouse manager’s personal memory and decisions, and this method worked sufficiently well until the company was bought by Mikael Lindgren in September 2008. Lindgren, the CEO, believed that the company had more potential, which is why the company has eagerly started to make changes in order to improve the warehouse operations as well as to reach its full potential. This thesis is to guide the company to reach this goal.

At our first meeting with Färggrossen, improvements regarding different processes as well as the warehouse layout were identified. As a first step, a literature study was conducted in order to gain deeper insight and understanding about warehouse layouts; also we benefited from studying literature regarding different warehouse aspects from a system perspective: inputs, processes and outputs.

Subsequent to the literature study, we identified those thesis research questions which needed to be answered in order to improve the warehouse management at Färggrossen. The next step was to decide which methods should be used in order to answer these questions. After researching different methodology options, a meeting with Färggrossen and our supervisor Bengt Ekdahl took place where we, together, decided to use the multiple case study method.

Färggrossen suggested that we study two other companies, BSAB and ECO; according to them, these companies had similar warehouses. To be able to benchmark three companies, we needed to understand the warehousing management systems of all three companies, which is why we conducted our interviews.

Once we finished gathering the required data, we defined the three companies’ activities in a manner to correspond with the terminology which is used in the literature.  In the analysis chapter we compared the three companies, and also used the information from the literature in order to provide Färggrossen with recommendations on how to improve the warehouse processes and layout. These are categorised as main, secondary and future recommendations; the main recommendations are the most important and inexpensive to implement, which is why we strongly suggest that they are prioritized.

The two most important recommendations to improve the outputs of the warehouse system are implementing a serialized locater addressing system and defining a bulk area to support the replenishment process. These particular modifications will improve the overall efficiency of the warehouse system as well as the product availability and the customer satisfaction.

The overall efficiency of the warehouse system will be further improved by eliminating manual labour as much as possible and combining the inspections whih are done in the receiving process with the putaway process.

The product condition will be improved if the following recommendations are implemented; a small shelf solution which is used in ECO, a fixed slot system in the wallpaper area and the implementation of safety precautions in the company.

The purpose of this thesis was to map and analyze Färggrossen in order to improve the inventory, warehouse layout and the methods being used in the warehouse management. With our recommendations, the company will have an improved and new warehouse layout, the processes will be improved and the efficiency will be increased.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
The storage and distribution of goods in warehouses have been around for centuries. Information systems and technology have enabled business to run various different functions, like accounting, successfully. Companies soon realised the additional benefits technology can bring to their operations. Increase in product throughput and increase in product range are some of the examples that add additional complexity to the warehousing and distribution functions. In order to cater for the additional complexity, to gain improved customer service levels and gain a strategic advantage in delivering the right product, in the right place at the right time, companies are implementing warehouse management systems (WMS). However, the WMS implementations are complex and involve various different stakeholders. Failed WMS implementations can negatively affect the operations. There are many risks associated with the WMS implementations and many companies have had to issue profit warnings in the past due to failed implementations. Various viewpoints on project success exist but this research report has aimed to provide a framework of key success criteria which organisations can use to evaluate the success of their implementation. Since WMS are generally rolled-out across various sites within a specific supply chain, measuring and evaluating the success of the first project can guide the project team to achieve more project success in the future, eliminating the risks associated with failed implementations. This study clearly defines the difference between project success, project management success, critical success factors and key success criteria. Literature on the topic is limited and therefore this study looked at various sources like peer-reviewed literature, popular literature and case studies. The findings of the report indicate that there is a list of ten different key success criteria which organisations can focus on in order to measure and improve their project success. Taking ownership, change management, managing stakeholder expectations, communication, training and testing are some of the key success criteria that were identified. This study concludes by presenting a framework which organisations can use to measure the success of their WMS implementation.

O presente trabalho trata da determinação de um roteiro ótimo de separação manual de peças em armazéns, buscando a minimização da distância total percorrida. São considerados armazéns com dois corredores transversais localizados em suas extremidades, os quais conectam todos os corredores de separação, perpendiculares aos corredores transversais e paralelos entre si. O problema abordado é prático e comum a várias empresas, com impacto nos custos operacionais e relevância para a assertividade em relação aos itens coletados. Ainda assim, o tema é pouco explorado nos estudos de roteirização disponíveis em língua portuguesa e muitas empresas optam por confiar a criação das rotas aos próprios separadores. O método escolhido é baseado em programação dinâmica e foi aplicado na roteirização de listas de separação relacionadas a subconjuntos do produto final, na roteirização de grupos aleatórios de peças, e no estudo do impacto do número de corredores de separação no comprimento das rotas, totalizando 184 experimentos. A forma de avaliação do algoritmo foi comparar as rotas por ele criadas com aquelas criadas pelos separadores. Conclui-se que quanto mais complexa for a rota, maiores serão os ganhos da seqüência de coletas proposta pelo sistema em comparação com aquelas criadas por processos subjetivos. Concluiu-se também que o número de corredores a ser visitado é o fator que mais influencia no comprimento da rota a ser percorrida. Ainda, o algoritmo é flexível e genérico para ser utilizado em qualquer armazém com dois corredores transversais, independente da política de localização ou separação adotada e, por sua facilidade de implementação e utilização, representa uma alternativa de roteirização eficiente e de baixo custo para pequenas e médias empresas. Finalmente, tem-se um algoritmo que pode ser utilizado também como ferramenta gerencial e de simulação visto que pode ser configurado para diferentes leiautes e diferentes tamanhos listas de separação.
The present work deals with the shortest route creation for a low-level pickers-to-part warehouse, intending to minimize the total traveled distance. The considered warehouse has two traversing aisles, located in its extremities, connecting all of the picking aisles and perpendicularly set in relation to them. The proposed problem is practical and common to several companies, impacting their operational costs and important for mis picking reduction. Nevertheless, that theme is little explored among routing studies in Portuguese language and several companies still opt to trust the routes to be subjectively prepared by their own pickers. The proposed solution method is based on dynamic programming and it was applied in the routing of picking lists related to subsets of final products, random groups of items, and in the study of the impact that picking aisle quantity has on the total length of the routes, totaling 184 experiments. The proposed algorithm was evaluated comparing the routes prepared by it with those created by the pickers. Results show that the more complex the route is, the higher the earnings of the algorithm utilization in relation to the subjective processes will be. Besides it shows that the number of corridors to be visited is the main influence to the length of the route. Still, the algorithm is flexible and generic to be used at any warehouse with two traverse corridors, independent of the locating police or separation strategy adopted. Furthermore the algorithm implementation easiness and use support it to be an efficient low cost routing alternative for small and average size companies.

Mestrado em Decisão Económica e Empresarial
O desafio proposto pela empresa Matutano foi o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta que permitisse uma análise mais cuidada e constante da execução das atividades no departamento de Expedições. O projeto desenvolveu-se em estágio pois necessitava para a sua execução, uma compreensão e observação aprofundada de toda a logística existente no departamento de expedições e no armazém e terá como ferramentas principais de utilização: o Excel e o software Warehouse Management System. Este último programa está incorporado em toda a logística do departamento de expedições. O início do projeto coincidiu com o início do estágio nas instalações da fábrica no Carregado.
The challenge proposed by Matutano was to develop a tool that would allow a more careful and constant analysis of all the activities in the department of Expeditions. This project was developed in an internship as it was needed a thorough understanding and observation of all the processes in the warehouse. It had the duration of 3 months and used the following tools: Excel and Warehouse Management System software. The latter program is embedded in the logistics department of expeditions. The project started simultaneously with the beginning of the internship.

Background Warehouse efficiency has gained a lot of attention in the recent years where racking layout and slotting of the SKUs are essential. The efficiency can be measured in the total traveling distance that occur in the warehouse. Two of the most central racking layout and slotting policies are the fishbone layout and ABC class-based slotting. These policies offer many new advantages for the traveling distance compared to others.   Objectives The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a combination of a fishbone layout and ABC class-based slotting affects the total traveling distance relative to a traditional layout with random slotting. This will then be analyzed in order to investigate to what degree it can be implemented depending on the situation a company has.   Methods The study was carried out as a simulation study, simulating the forklift traveling distance between four different warehouse layout and slotting configurations. This simulation was done by gathering of information in the form of observations, interviews, measuring and data from the EDI system of the company. The simulation was made in excel and featured eight possible scenarios depending on different events which could occur in the warehouse. The data in the study were then analyzed through a one-way ANOVA test, Scheffe’s post hoc test and t-Tests.   Results The result of the study shows that the different events which can occur in the warehouse is affected by a change in layout and slotting configurations. With the implementation of new layout and slotting configurations it is also shown that the forklift traveling distance in the warehouse can be reduced. The result also shows that the isolation of the effects that the respective layout or slotting policies provides reduces the forklift traveling distance individually as well as a combination would do.   Conclusions The conclusion is that the Fishbone layout with ABC class-based slotting is the optimal solution considering the reduction in traveling distance in a warehouse. When considering the implementation process and the potential benefits with the configurations, a general company is recommended to consider what amount of resources they are willing to invest before they carry out the implementation.   Delimitations This paper is delimited to the total travelling distance that occur in a warehouse because of the time restriction. The study will not examine the intangible part of a warehouse which means that the WMS- system will not be addressed. The paper will not create an investment calculus for the proposed solution.
Bakgrund Lagereffektivitet är ett område som dem senaste år fått mycket uppmärksamhet där layout av ställage och sortering av inventarier är väsentliga begrepp. Ett lagers effektivitet kan mätas i den totala transportsträckan som förekommer i ett lager. Två av de mest centrala principer för layout av ställage och sortering av inventarier är fiskbens-layouten och ABC klassbaserad sortering. Dessa principer erbjuder nya fördelar för den totala transportsträckan jämfört med de gamla.   Syfte. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur en kombination av fiskben-layout och en ABC-klassbaserad sortering kan påverka den totala körsträckan för truckar gentemot en traditionell layout med slumpmässig lagersortering. Resultatet kommer därefter analyseras och undersökas hur det kan implementeras för andra organisationer med olika förutsättningar   Metod Tillvägagången för denna studie var att göra en simuleringsstudie som skall simulera den totala transportsträcka som sker i ett lager. Fyra olika konfigurationer av ställage-layout och sorterings-policys simulerades. Denna simulering skapades genom införskaffandet av information i form utav observationer, intervjuer, mätningar av lager och data från företagets EDI-system. Simuleringen gjordes i Excel med innehåll av åtta olika scenarion beroende på olika händelser som kan uppstå i ett lager. Resultaten i studien blir därefter analyserad genom de olika dataanalyseringstesterna, ANOVA: en faktor, Scheffes post hoc test och därefter genom t-Tester.   Resultat Resultatet av studien visar hur de olika händelser som kan uppstå i ett lager förändras beroende på konfiguration av ställage-layout och sortering-policy. Vid implementering av ny ställage-layout och sorteringskonfiguration framstår det att transportsträckan kan reduceras. Resultatet visar också att en isolering av effekterna de olika konfigurationerna ger bidrar precis som en kombination, till reducerad transportsträcka.   Slutsatser Slutsatsen av denna studie är att fiskbens-layout i kombination med ABC klassbaserad sortering är den optimala lösningen med avseende på att minska den totala transportsträckan i ett lager. När implementeringsprocessen and de potentiella fördelarna med konfigurationerna övervägs rekommenderas ett generellt företag att överväga vilke resurer de är villiga att spendera innan de implementerar en ny lösning.   Avgränsningar Denna studie är avgränsat till den totala transportsträcka som sker inom ett lager. Detta på grund av den tidsgräns som existerar. Studien kommer inte undersöka den immateriella delen av ett lager. Detta betyder att lagerhantering systemet inte kommer undersökas. Investeringskalkyler kommer inte att göras för den lösning som föreslås.

MBA Professional Report
The purpose of this MBA project is to evaluate and assess the inventory management database at the Commander, Naval Surface Forces (CNSF) Real-time Reutilization Asset Management (R-RAM) San Diego warehouse. CNSF spends approximately $4 million annually for contractor support to operate the R-RAM warehouses for the Atlantic and Pacific Surface Fleets, and in return receives cost-avoidance for spares issued from the warehouses. The warehouses contain A-condition spare parts that were offloaded from decommissioned ships, as well as excess inventory from afloat units. Spare parts in the R-RAM warehouses were procured either by using initial outfitting allowance or by Operations and Maintenance (O and M) funds. The spare part is issued free to the requesting ship. The R-RAM inventory is visible to customers through the Global Distance Support Center and various databases. The goals of this study of the R-RAM inventory management database are to determine ways to increase throughput while simultaneously reducing inventory and operating expense, reduce inventory footprint by identifying "dead" stock and obsolete spares, recommend a stocking policy, and develop recommendations for current and future operations.

"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008."
Advisor(s): Apte, Uday ; Nalwasky, Richard. "December 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-43). Also available in print.

This paper is an exploratory case study of a logistics cost problem at Dep. X, and the normative purpose is to develop a model for Dep. X to aid in solving the problem of large damage costs.

Dep. X is the logistic department of a warehouse located in a midsized Swedish city. The warehouse is part of an international furniture chain that operates in more than 40 countries worldwide and has an annual turnover of 211 billion Swedish SEK. This company has a clear cost focus and therefore, it is very important for the different departments to keep costs at a minimum.

The problem that Dep. X is facing is related to damaged products, which can be further divided into Delivery Damages [DDs] (damages that are inflicted on products before the freight reaches the department) and Warehouse Damages [WDs] (damages that occur at the department). The warehouse has tried to solve the problem by forming a unit called ‘Cost hunters’. This group has some suspicions but has not yet found out the underlying reasons for the damaged goods. The thing that they know is that this is an unproportionally large cost for the warehouse, compared to other warehouses. In order for the researchers to investigate the cost issue, an abductive research strategy was used. The authors found out in an early stage of the research process that the problem was related to WDs and after a pre-study hypothesized four different problem areas to investigate:

• Flaws in Communicating Knowledge
• Flaws in Working Environment
• Flaws in Motivation
• Flaws Concerning Customers

In order to establish whether or not these hypotheses were correct, a benchmarking study was conducted with a department under the same company, which was of basically the same size. Apart from the pre-study, a total of nine interviews were conducted; five at Dep. X and four at Dep. Y. The researchers also sent out surveys to both departments, conducted a damage levels study and had a meeting with a group manager at the distribution central in order to collect the needed information.

After data collection, the data were processed and analyzed, and the researchers came to the conclusion that the problem with high WDs at Dep. X was related to, firstly, flaws in communicating knowledge and flaws in the working environment. The two other problem areas, flaws in motivation and flaws concerning customers, were also to some extent related to WDs, but this impact was not considered enough to be a major cause. The authors finish the thesis by illustrating with a model how the problems seem to have arisen and by suggesting improvement areas to deal with in order to eliminate the cost issue.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate how ABC-classified article placement can reduce transport distances within warehouse operations, which do not use volume-based article placement. Based on the purpose, two research questions have been formulated: [1]   How can an ABC-classified article placement be established in order to minimize transport distances within warehouses? [2]   How much can transport distances be reduced by using an ABC-classified article placement instead of a non-volume based storage? Method – The methods that have been used to collect data have been a case study and a literature review. The case study has been performed on Sherwin-Williams’ distribution centre in Nässjö and has mainly been based on two months of picking data. Interviews and observations have supplemented the document study. The literature review has resulted in a theoretical framework in which the relevant theories of the study have been presented. The collected data was analysed by comparing the different results against each other. Further comparisons analysed the empirical data against the theoretical framework. Findings – The study has resulted in a model of how ABC-classified article placement with the purpose to reduce transport distances can be designed. The model is based on a few steps that are: pilot study, performance of an ABC-analysis based on the articles picking rate, and zone division. According to the case study ABC-classified article placement can reduce up to 35 % of internal transportation distances and according to the theoretical framework of up to 55 %. Implications – Warehouses that want to use the study can proceed from the steps presented in the analysis section. Furthermore, the practical implications of the study results in a system configuration and the movement of goods to the introduction of the ABC-classified article placement. The study implies theoretically that the volume-based article placement minimizes transport distances. The existing theories stating this is evidenced in this study which also shows that warehouses with less skewed ABC-curves can benefit from placing high frequency goods near the loading area. The study contributes with a new model that has been developed by compiling theories in the studied area. Limitations – The study has been limited to a single case study. The calculations made in the study have excluded items that require special storage, small package picking and distance between the pallets that are retrieved together. Transport distances have been calculated from the loading area and has excluded the distance between the racks and unload area.

This diploma thesis deals with inventory management during company transition Sanmina-SCI Česká republika s. r. o. to new information systems. First are explained the basic and specialized concepts of logistics, information systems and introduces related issues to the reader. Other parts of the thesis deal with analysis and suggestions for possible solutions to streamline planning of the purchase of material elements.

The aim of the Diploma work is to design the storage system inside the logistics system of the company Foxconn CZ. To achieve this goal it is necessary to theoretically define the main terms concerning integrated logistics chain, describe the function and localization of warehouses, describe the most often used warehouse equipment, handling equipment and logistics technologies. Closer acquaintance with company Foxconn CZ allowed us to understand its strategy. Based on collected and analyzed inputs concerning production and warehouses in newly built building the appropriate ways of storing reflecting the specific requirements of individual storage locations was designed. Based on evaluation of aspects of the proposed options the most appropriate way of storing was recommended.

This thesis is focused on the design of Business Intelligence solution to the logistics sector. Its main goal is to enable the unnamed central-bohemian company, which deals with truck road transportation, to follow up and evaluate its data better. The theoretical part is focused on the basic principles of Business Intelligence and on the analysis of current market situation. The next section is dedicated to the specifics of this problematic in the logistics field. The practical part deals with the design of Business Intelligence solution to the concrete company. The analysis of company preparedness for Business Intelligence and the specification of requirements on its solution precede the resultant reporting tool. There is the unification of company's data in the form of data warehouse and the design of individual indexes and dimensions, from whose point of view data will be monitored. The main benefit of this thesis is resultant solution in the form of reporting tool, which can company, that is not familiar with the problematic of Business Intelligence, use as its future advantage.

Södra Interiör har en anläggning i Kallinge där man tillverkar golv och paneler av furu. I takt med att produktionen har ökat har även lagernivåerna ökat vilket har ökat risken för att fel råvara används till fel produkt. Syftet med examensarbetet är att ta fram ett arbetssätt som minskar risken för att fel råvara används. Studien visar att något måste göras för att säkerställa att rätt råvara används till rätt produkt. Lagernivån och informationskvaliteten är andra problem som identifierats. Nyckelbegreppen för att lösa problemen är ordning och reda, information, framförhållning och utrymme. Förbättringsförslagen har olika karaktär, där vissa förbättringar kan göras omgående med små resurser medan andra tar längre tid och kräver större resurser. De viktigaste förbättringsförslagen handlar om att skapa mer utrymme i lagret, tydligare uppmärkning av virkespaketens innehåll och bättre informationskvalitet.
Södra Interiör has a plant in Kallinge which manufactures flooring and panels of pine. As production has increased, inventory levels has increased. This has increased the risk that wrong raw material is used for the wrong product. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach that reduces the risk that wrong materials are used. The study shows that something must be done that ensure that correct materials are used for the right product. Stock level and information quality are other concerns identified. Key concepts to solve problems are: well organized, information, advanced planning and space. Improvement proposals are different in nature, where some improvements could be made immediately with few resources, while others take more time and require more resources. The main suggestions for improvement is about creating more space in the warehouse, clearly mark up of the timber package contents and better information quality.

Sandvik Rock Tools is operating in a highly competitive market. This requires them to constantly improve the efficiency of their organization, in order for them to maintain their position as market leaders, both in a short-term and a long-term perspective. Sandvik Rock Tools is currently working on developing and further improving their supply chain. The supply chain is a key organizational function and improvements of the supply chain aim to yield benefits like lowered total costs and better utilized inventory levels. The purpose of our work has been to develop the supply chain between Sandvik’s in-market warehouse and their customer site at Dannemora. The main focus of this thesis has been to enable automatic data collection and to lower the stock levels at the customer site in Dannemora. This would be accomplished by improving the information flow between the two entities in the observed supply chain and by enabling real-time inventory information, easily accessible to the warehouse manager. A barcode system was implemented in the warehouse at the Dannemora customer site and was integrated with warehouse management software that was developed by the authors. The implemented barcode system and the warehouse management software were used at the Dannemora customer site for a period of two months. The effects of the implemented barcode system working in combination with the warehouse management software were observed in several operational areas after implementation, and the results were positive and beneficial. Firstly, the barcode system and warehouse management software simplified the warehouse manager’s decision process, by providing easy access to necessary warehouse management information, like realtime inventory information. Secondly, it made the day-to-day work routine of the warehouse manager easier, this being the case because the barcode system that had been implemented had digitalized and automated many tasks that had previously been performed manually by warehouse manager. An excellent example would be the simplified process for order placement and stocktaking. Thirdly, it improved the information flow between the Dannemora customer site and Sandvik’s in-market warehouse in Sandviken, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of the entire supply chain, through shared information. The barcode implementation successfully lowered inventory levels by six percent on average.

This master thesis deals with improving of the storing in the Delta Electronics (Slovakia). Initially, an analysis of effectiveness of the current system was prepared. The main goal of this paper is to recognize the major drawback of the current system and propose a way to remove them and improve the overall storing system and goods expedition.

Diploma thesis aims at description and critical evaluation of current logistics processes in the wholesale warehouse to propose to their rationalization. Furthermore, the thesis is to evaluate whether it is favorable for the wholesale warehouse to transport through insourcing or outsourcig. In the theoretical part is defined as logistics, its objectives, subjects and selected methods. It is described logistics chain and distribution structure of the logistics chain. In conclusion, as compared to the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing.

Motivation • Warum sollten wir Daten analysieren? Beyond Excel • Wie können wir Daten analysieren? Fallbeispiele • Welche Erkenntnisse haben wir gewonnen? • Flächenbedarf der Montage • Arbeitskräftebedarf in der Logistik • (Auto-) Korrelation

Syftet med studien var att utreda hur den temporära lagringen av gods i en crossdockingterminal kan förbättras med hjälp av optimerad slotting. Den tillämpade metoden var av abduktiv natur med kvalitativ och kvantitativ empiri, samt en optimeringsbaserad analysmetod med hjälp av programvara. Det erhållna resultatet bestod av tre olika varianter på optimeringsmodellen, där varje variant löstes med fem olika viktningar på internt avstånd mellan baklagringsytorna. Varje lösning resulterade i den mest optimala placeringen av gods som modellen tog fram efter två timmars körning. Resultatet gav främst insikter kring vikten av informationssystem och informationsflöden, jämförelser av praktiskt tillämpade lagringsstrategier gentemot teorietiskt optimerade strategier gällande effektivitet, genomförbarhet och lämplighet. Slutsatserna av studien är bland annat att ju färre restriktioner och ju lägre krav på placeringen av gods desto färre slöserier skapade modellen. Det talar dessutom för värdet av lättillgänglig information för att kunna hantera en blandad baklagring. Utöver det framkom även att en låsning av vissa parametrar kan resultera i ett bättre resultat då problemet är för komplicerat för att köras till optimum. De kortsiktiga rekommendationerna bestod i en föreslagen layout som är realiserbar i dagsläget, vilken kommer frigöra 27,2 m2 i baklagringsyta. De långsiktiga rekommendationerna behandlade behovet av ett förbättrat informationssystem för att möjliggöra bättre framtida layouts genom nuvarande klassindelade lagring, samt även möjligheter till klassindelning baserad på lastbärare. Vidare föreslogs även förändringar för den övergripande terminallayouten för att ge bättre förutsättningar för tillämpning av redan existerande optimeringsmodeller.
The purpose with this thesis was to explore how temporary storage within a cross docking terminal can be improved by optimized slotting. An abductive method was used and the empirical data collected was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The analysis consisted mainly of the development of an optimization model. The obtained result consisted of three different variants of the optimization model, where each one was solved with five different weights for the internal distance of storage slots. Each run resulted in the most optimal placement of goods that the model could produce in twohours. The results mainly provided insights of the importance of information systems and information flows, comparisons of practical applied storage strategies against theoretically optimized strategies regarding efficiency, feasibility and suitability. The conclusions of the study are, among other things, that fewer restrictions and lower requirements for the placement of goods, the less waste remained. It also emphasise the value of easily accessible information in order to handle a mixed storage. In addition, it was also found that locking certain parameters can result in a better result as the problem is too complicated to be executed to optimum. Long-term recommendations addressed the need for an improved information system to enable better future layouts through current class-based storage, as well as opportunities for class-based load carriers. Furthermore, changes were also proposed for the overall terminal layout to provide better conditions for the application of pre-existing optimization models.

Titel: Brister och åtgärder i produktionsprocessen i en distributionscentral - En fallstudie på Staples AB i Växjö Författare: Melita Gredelj & Emine Sadikaj Handledare: Hana Hulthén Examinator: Peter Berling Bakgrund: Den mest tids- och arbetskraftintensiva processen i lagret är plockprocessen, vilket omfattar hämtning av objekt från lagerplatser för att uppfylla kundorder. Plockprocessen står även för en stor del av lagrets kostnader och det är därför viktig att undersöka den för att öka effektiviteten i organisationen. En stor del av den kostnaden går till arbetskraften som arbetar med detta manuellt. Det finns idag idag stor potential för att göra denna process mer automatiserad.   Syfte: Studiens syfte är att visa vilka åtgärder det finns till brister inom manuella samt automatiserade plockprocesser inom företag som levererar kontorsmaterial.   Genomförande: Den genomförande studien är en fallstudie på Staples. Data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på Staples men även genom enkäter som besvarats av Atea och Office Depot. Målet med studien har varit att ta reda på vilka brister som finns i en plockprocess och hur dessa kan åtgärdas.   Slutsats: Ett företag som levererar kontorsmaterial kan effektivisera sin plockprocess och åtgärda sina felplock genom att använda sig av automatiserade lösningar, så som WMS. Detta hjälper dessa företag att integrera sina system vilket kommer att stödja det dagliga lagerarbetet genom att exempelvis visa information i realtid av vad som finns i lagret och vart det är placerat. Genom att ha detta system behöver inte lagerarbetare plocka efter minne eller erfarenheter utan de kan hela tiden förlita sig till systemet. Genom att implementera detta kan kostnaderna minska kraftigt.   Nyckelord: Logistik, Lager, Automatiserat lager, Manuellt lager, Plockprocessen, Plockning, WMS, Manuella brister, Automatiserade brister
Title: Shortcomings and measures in the production process in a distribution center - A case study at Staples AB in Växjö Authors: Melita Gredelj & Emine Sadikaj Tutor: Hana Hulthén Examiner: Peter Berling   Background: The most time- and labor-intensive process in the warehouse is the picking process, which includes retrieving objects from storage locations to fulfill customer orders. The picking process also accounts for a large part of the warehouse's costs and it is therefore important to examine it to increase the efficiency of the organization. Much of that cost goes to the workforce who works with this manually. Today, there is great potential for making this process more automated.   Purpose: The aim of the study is to show what measures are available for deficiencies in manual and automated picking processes within companies that supply office supplies.   Method: The implemented study is a case study at Staples. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews at Staples but also through questionnaires that were answered by Atea and Office Depot. The aim of the study has been to find out which shortcomings exist in a picking process and how these can be fixed.   Conclusions: A company that supplies office supplies can streamline its picking process and fix its picking error by using automated solutions, such as WMS. This helps these companies integrate their systems, which will support the daily inventory work by, for example, displaying real-time information of what is in the warehouse and where it is located. By having this system, warehouse workers do not need to pick by memory or experience, and they can always rely on the system. By implementing it, costs can decrease sharply.   Keywords: Logistics, Warehouse, Automated Warehouse, Manual Warehouse, Picking Process, Picking, WMS, Manual Shortcomings, Automated Shortcomings

La mutualisation des entrepôts est l’une des approches de la logistique collaborative récemment initiée par différents acteurs afin d’améliorer la performance des chaînes logistiques. Les exigences de la grande distribution et l’augmentation des coûts logistiques relatifs aux activités d’entreposage et de transport obligent les entreprises à revoir leurs stratégies de distribution. S’inscrivant dans un paradigme post-positiviste, cette thèse permet de répondre à deux principales questions de recherche issues d’une revue de littérature sur la logistique collaborative : quelles sont les caractéristiques des entrepôts mutualisés ? Quel est l’impact de la présence de l’entrepôt mutualisé dans la chaîne logistique ? Nous avons développé une approche mixant une méthode qualitative de type exploratoire sur sept cas situés en France, complétée par une méthode quantitative de type simulation des flux. L’étude qualitative a permis d’identifier les principales spécificités des entrepôts mutualisés et de proposer une typologie d’entrepôts mutualisés basée sur deux dimensions : le degré de collaboration et le degré de dynamique. Elle a permis également d’identifier les nouveaux indicateurs de performance, les facteurs clés de succès, les principales sources d’incertitude et les risques associés à la mise en place d’entrepôts mutualisés. L’impact de l’entrepôt mutualisé sur la performance de la chaîne logistique a été étudié plus précisément sur un des sept cas précédents, en comparant quatre configurations de flux avec deux politiques de réapprovisionnement, pour lesquelles nous avons proposé une hybridation, et deux profils de demande. Les résultats des simulations montrent que la mutualisation des entrepôts prend tout son intérêt si elle est associée à la mutualisation du transport. Il apparaît également que la politique d’approvisionnement hybride est plus avantageuse que les politiques classiques de point de commande et de recomplètement calendaire. Finalement, cette thèse montre que le contexte de l’entrepôt mutualisé offre d’intéressantes perspectives de recherche autour du lien entre pratique et recherche, de la création de connaissance en gestion des opérations, et de l’impact de la mutualisation sur la performance des chaînes logistiques
The warehouse pooling is one of the collaborative logistics’ research field, recently introduced by various actors to improve the performance of supply chains. The mass-market retailing requirements as well as the increase logistic costs, relative to the activities of storing and transport, oblige companies to review more in detail their distribution strategies. Consisting of a post-positivist paradigm, this thesis answers two main research questions: What are the characteristics of pooled warehouses? What is the impact of the presence of a pooled warehouse in the supply chain? We have developed an approach combining a qualitative exploratory method on seven cases located in France, supplemented by a quantitative method based on flow simulation. The qualitative study allowed to identify the main specificities of pooled warehouses and proposed a typology of pooled warehouses based on two dimensions: collaboration degree and dynamics degree. Our study also allowed identifying new performance indicators, the key success factors, the main sources of uncertainty and the risks related to pooled warehouse implementation. The impact of a pooled warehouse on the supply chain performance was analyzed more specifically in one of the seven previous cases, comparing four flow configurations with two replenishment policies, for which we proposed hybridization, and two demand profiles. The simulation results show that the pooled warehouse takes all its interest if it is associated with transport pooling. Furthermore, the hybrid procurement policy seems to be more advantageous than the classical policies of traditional reorder point and calendar replenishment. Finally, this thesis shows that the context of the shared warehouse offers interesting research perspectives on the link between practice and research, the creation of knowledge in operations management, and the impact of pooling on the performance of logistics chains

Examensarbetet är utfört på Lifco Dental, som är ett distributionsföretag i Enköping undervårterminen 2013 och omfattar 30 högskolepoäng. Lifco Dentals huvudsakliga verksamhet ärlagerhantering av tandläkarartiklar och det rör sig om cirka 40 000 artiklar i varierandestorlek.Examensarbetet avser i första hand styrning av lagerhållning och artikelplacering. Andraområden som har bearbetas är ergonomi och personalfrågor. Arbetet kretsar kring följandeforskningsfrågor;1. Enligt vilka principer kan man placera artiklar?2. Hur kan man utforma arbetssättet på lager både kostnadseffektivt och ergonomiskt?3. Hur kan materialflödet effektiviseras?från källor som artiklar, litteratur, internet och direktkontakt med personal har samlats in.Behandling av information har baserats på författarnas tidigare kunskaper och vägledning avhögskolans handledare.Valda vertyg och metod är; Read a Plant, värdeflödeskartläggning, spagettidiagram,Paretodiagram, 5-Varför, benchmarking och intervjuer av personal, säljbolag och tandläkare.Dessa verktyg har hjälpt att analysera nuläget i verksamheten och identifiera slöserier samtförbättringsområden. En del verktyg har varit mer relevant för att kunna besvaraforskningsfrågorna.Bäst artikelplacering torde uppnås med ABC-principen. Undersökning av tre identifieradeergonomiska riskmoment gjordes enligt arbetsmiljöverkets bedömningsmall, vilket påvisadeatt man genom att ha rätt resurser, hjälpmedel och klara direktiv kan undvika skador. Dettakan man åstadkomma bland annat genom visuellt ledningssystem och investering i nyaergonomiska verktyg. Resultatet från värdeflödeskartläggning och paretodiagram tyder påbristande fördelning av resurser och identifierar flaskhalsar i flödet. En kontrolleradfördelning av anpassade resurser reducerar ojämnheter och underlättar styrningen.Författarna har baserad på analysen rekommenderat principer för artikelplacering ochlagerflöde samt rekommendationer kring personalmotivering, engagemang och ergonomi.
This Master of Science thesis has been conducted at Lifco Dental, a logistics company inEnköping, Sweden, during the spring term of 2013, encompassing 30 credits. Lifco Dental’score operation is logistics and inventory management of dental products, a sum total ofapproximately 40,000 articles in various sizes.The thesis is primarily concerned with inventory management and article placement. Otherareas of interest have been ergonomics and human resource management. The main researchareas have been;1. According to which principles can articles be placed?2. How can the inventory be managed to be cost efficient and have good ergonomics?3. How can material flows be streamlined?Information from sources such as articles, literature, the internet and direct interaction withemployees has been gathered. This information has been processed based on the authors’prior experience as well as extensive guidance from the MDH supervisor.The authors´ chosen tools and methods have been Read a Plant; Value Stream Mapping;Spaghetti diagram; Pareto diagram; 5Why; benchmarking and interviews with employees,sales staff and dentists. These tools and methods have aided us in analyzing the current stateof operations and in identifying waste as well as areas of opportunity. Some tools have provenmore relevant than others in producing relevant research answers.Optimal article placement can be achieved with the ABC principle. Studies of threeergonomically problematic operations, utilizing templates provided by Arbetsmiljöverket,showed that correct resources and aids as well as clear directives reduces the risks of injuries.This can be achieved by deploying a visual management system and more ergonomical toolsand aids. Results from the Value Stream Mapping and Pareto diagram suggest deficiencies inthe allocation of resources and identifies bottlenecks in the material flow. Controlledallocation of resources reduces inbalances and enhances control.Based on the analysis the authors have recommended principles for article placement andinventory flow as well as recommendations regarding staff motivation, commitment andergonomics.

Master’s thesis in International Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Title:  Logistics Management in Retail Industry: a case study 7-Eleven in Thailand

Author:  Latika Supasansanee and Patthaveekarn Kasiphongphaisan

Tutor:     Susanne Hertz and Benedikte Borgström

Date:      June 1, 2009

Keywords: 7-Eleven Thailand, Logistics, Retail     Convenience, Distribution Center and Warehouse, IT-Apply in retail store, and Competitive advantage

Introduction: In today’s challenging competition in the consumer goods, the manufacturers strive for their products to reach final customers before they turn their heads to the rival’s ones. This research attempts to understand and investigate how 7-Eleven company manages its logistics activities, distribution and applying information technology to achieve competitive advantages.

Purpose: The purpose of thesis is, in retailing industry and retailing convenience store’s perspective, to identify and describe the way 7-Eleven manages and operates its retail convenience business focusing on several aspects; strategic fits, distribution and IT, which support 7-Eleven’s activities and how they contribute to competitive advantages for the firm.

Frame of reference: Based on various sources of literature concerning competitive advantage and strategic fits, distribution related to marketing and retail, distribution centers and warehousing, and information system apply in retail store.

 

Method: The study is considered as qualitative single-case study. Data is collected from the interviews with several parties involve with retail convenience industry in Thailand. Secondary data is retrieved from the information system, research and reports, publication sources as well as internet sources.  Lastly, data analysis is followed by the literature chapter.

 

Conclusion: By applying the synchronized strategies between supply chain members to adjust and modify the capabilities of firms, leads to supply chain benefits and competitive advantage for retail firm. The applications of IT and Distribution Centers enhance supply chain capabilities, reliability, and dependability which result in better service and market performance. They are also the keys that facilitate the operations of supply chain and retail store.

 

 

 

La complexité croissante des opérations dans les entrepôts a conduit les entreprises à adopter un grand nombre d'indicateurs de performances, ce qui rend leur gestion de plus en plus difficile. De plus, comme ces nombreux indicateurs sont souvent interdépendants, avec des objectifs différents, parfois contraires (par exemple, le résultat d'un indicateur de coût doit diminuer, tandis qu'un indicateur de qualité doit être maximisé), il est souvent très difficile pour un manager d'évaluer la performance globale des systèmes logistiques, comprenant l'entrepôt. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse développe une méthodologie pour atteindre une mesure agrégée de la performance de l'entrepôt. Elle comprend quatre étapes principales: (i) le développement d'un modèle analytique d'indicateurs de performance habituellement utilisés pour la gestion de l'entrepôt; (ii) la définition de relations entre les indicateurs, de façon analytique et statistique ; (iii) l'agrégation de ces indicateurs dans un modèle intégré; (iv) la proposition d'une échelle pour suivre l'évolution de la performance de l'entrepôt au fil du temps, selon les résultats du modèle agrégé.La méthodologie est illustrée sur un entrepôt théorique pour démontrer son applicabilité. Les indicateurs utilisés pour évaluer la performance de l'entrepôt proviennent de la littérature, et une base de données est générée pour permettre l'utilisation des outils mathématiques. La matrice jacobienne est utilisée pour définir de façon analytique les relations entre les indicateurs, et une analyse en composantes principales est faite pour agréger les indicateurs de façon statistique. Le modèle agrégé final comprend 33 indicateurs, répartis en six composants différents, et l'équation de l'indicateur de performance globale est obtenue à partir de la moyenne pondérée de ces six composants. Une échelle est développée pour l'indicateur de performance globale en utilisant une approche d'optimisation pour obtenir ses limites supérieure et inférieure. L'utilisation du modèle intégré est testée sur deux situations différentes de performance de l'entrepôt, et des résultats intéressants sur la performance finale de l'entrepôt sont discutés. Par conséquent, nous concluons que la méthodologie proposée atteint son objectif en fournissant un outil d'aide à la décision pour les managers afin qu'ils puissent être plus efficaces dans la gestion globale de la performance de l'entrepôt, sans négliger des informations importantes fournis par les indicateurs
The growing warehouse operation complexity has led companies to adopt a large number of indicators, making its management increasingly difficult. It may be hard for managers to evaluate the overall performance of the logistic systems, including the warehouse, because the assessment of the interdependence of indicators with distinct objectives is rather complex (e.g. the level of a cost indicator shall decrease, whereas a quality indicator level shall be maximized). This fact could lead to biases in the analysis executed by the manager in the evaluation of the global warehouse performance.In this context, this thesis develops a methodology to achieve an integrated warehouse performance measurement. It encompasses four main steps: (i) the development of an analytical model of performance indicators usually used for warehouse management; (ii) the definition of indicator relationships analytically and statistically; (iii) the aggregation of these indicators in an integrated model; (iv) the proposition of a scale to assess the evolution of the warehouse performance over time according to the integrated model results.The methodology is applied to a theoretical warehouse to demonstrate its application. The indicators used to evaluate the warehouse come from the literature and the database is generated to perform the mathematical tools. The Jacobian matrix is used to define indicator relationships analytically, and the principal component analysis to achieve indicator's aggregation statistically. The final aggregated model comprehends 33 indicators assigned in six different components, which compose the global performance indicator equation by means of component's weighted average. A scale is developed for the global performance indicator using an optimization approach to obtain its upper and lower boundaries.The usability of the integrated model is tested for two different warehouse performance situations and interesting insights about the final warehouse performance are discussed. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed methodology reaches its objective providing a decision support tool for managers so that they can be more efficient in the global warehouse performance management without neglecting important information from indicators
A crescente complexidade das operações em armazéns tem levado as empresasa adotarem um grande número de indicadores de desempenho, o que tem dificultadocada vez mais o seu gerenciamento. Além do volume de informações, os indicadores normalmentepossuem interdependências e objetivos distintos, as vezes até opostos (por exemplo,o indicador de custo deve ser reduzido enquanto o indicador de qualidade deve sempre seraumentado), tornando complexo para o gestor avaliar o desempenho logístico global dosistema, incluindo o armazém.Dentro deste contexto, esta tese desenvolve uma metodologia para obter uma medidaagregada do desempenho global do armazém. A metodologia é composta de quatro etapasprincipais: (i) o desenvolvimento de um modelo analítico dos indicadores de desempenhojá utilizados para o gerenciamento do armazém; (ii) a definição das relações entre os indicadoresde forma analítica e estatística; (iii) a agregação destes indicadores em um modelointegrado; (iv) a proposição de uma escala para avaliar a evolução do desempenho globaldo armazém ao longo do tempo, de acordo com o resultado do modelo integrado.A metodologia é aplicada em um armazém teórico para demonstrar sua aplicabilidade.Os indicadores utilizados para avaliar o desempenho do armazém são provenientesda literatura, e uma base de dados é gerada para permitir a utilização de ferramentasmatemáticas. A matriz jacobiana é utilizada para definir de forma analítica as relaçõesentre os indicadores, e uma análise de componentes principais é realizada para agregaros indicadores de forma estatística. O modelo agregado final compreende 33 indicadores,divididos em seis componentes diferentes, e a equação do indicador de desempenho globalé obtido a partir da média ponderada dos seis componentes. Uma escala é desenvolvidapara o indicador de desempenho global utilizando um modelo de otimização para obter oslimites superior e inferior da escala.Depois de testes com o modelo integrado, pôde-se concluir que a metodologia propostaatingiu seu objetivo ao fornecer uma ferramenta de ajuda à decisão para os gestores, permitindoque eles sejam mais eficazes no gerenciamento global do armazém sem negligenciarinformações importantes que são fornecidas pelos indicadores

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Esta dissertação teve por objetivo analisar os gargalos identificáveis no processo de armazenagem de um 3PL (third-party logistics), um operador logístico multinacional, para uma indústria química de grande porte. A pesquisa teve uma natureza qualitativa utilizando um estudo de caso único na Kuehne + Nagel. As fontes de evidência utilizadas foram entrevistas com membros da Kuehne + Nagel e da indústria química, análise documental e observação direta no armazém. De acordo com a análise, foi constatado que há oportunidades de melhoria tanto para a Kuehne + Nagel quanto para a indústria química. Os resultados apurados através da análise da operação de armazenagem da Kuehne + Nagel, identificaram problemas relacionados à alocação de materiais nas prateleiras (quanto às dimensões, pesos e movimentações dos itens), endereçamento de materiais não automatizados, área de separação (picking) não identificada, velocidade na remessa dos pedidos para separação e posterior embarque, equipamentos industriais de movimentação em quantidades insuficientes, acessibilidade interna aos procedimentos operacionais e automatização das operações internas de armazenagem. Essas divergências de processo serviram para orientar ações operacionais imediatas e futuras na organização, objetivando a melhoria no nível de serviço prestado. Ao final do estudo é proposto, com base nas oportunidades de melhorias e gargalos identificados, um 5W2H elencando as ações à serem tomadas. Após, estas ações são priorizadas através de uma Matriz GUT (Gravidade, Urgência e Tendência).
This work aimed to analyze the bottlenecks identified in the storage process of a 3PL (third-party logistics), a logistics multinational operator, for a large chemical industry. The research was a qualitative using a single case study at Kuehne + Nagel. The evidence sources used were interviews with Kuehne + Nagel members and the chemical industry, document analysis and direct observation in the warehouse. According to the analysis, it was found that there are opportunities for improvement both sides. The results obtained by analyzing the operation storage at Kuehne + Nagel identified problems related to the allocation of materials at bins (as the dimensions, weights and movement of the items), address no automated, material separation area (picking) unidentified , speed in the delivery of applications for separation and subsequent shipment, industrial handling equipment in insufficient quantities, internal accessibility to operations procedures and automation of internal storage operations. These process differences served to guide immediate and future operational activities in the organization, aiming to improve the level of service. At the end of the study is proposed, based on the opportunities identified improvements and bottlenecks, the 5W2H listing the actions to be taken. After these actions are prioritized through a GUT Matrix (Gravity, Urgency and Trend).

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An order picking operation in a distribution centre (DC) owned by Pep Stores Ltd, located in Durban, South Africa was considered. The order picking operation utilises picking lines and the concept of wave picking. A picking line is a central area with storage locations for pallet loads of stock keeping units (SKUs) around a conveyor belt. The system shows many similarities to unidirectional carousel systems found in literature, however, the unidirectional carousel system is not common. Sets of SKUs must be assigned to pick waves. The SKUs associated with a single wave are then arranged on a picking line after which pickers move in a clockwise direction around the conveyor belt to pick the orders. The entire order picking operation was broken into three tiers of decision making and three corresponding subproblems were identi ed. The rst two subproblems were investigated which focused on a single picking line. The rst subproblem called the order sequencing problem (OSP) considered the sequencing of orders for pickers and the second called the SKU location problem (SLP) the assignment of SKUs to locations in the picking line for a given wave. A tight lower bound was established for the OSP using the concept of a maximal cut. This lower bound was transformed into a feasible solution within 1 pick cycle of the lower bound. The solution was also shown to be robust and dynamic for use in practice. Faster solution times, however, were required for use in solution techniques for the SLP. Four variations of a greedy heuristic as well as two metaheuristic methods were therefore developed to solve the problem in shorter times. An ant colony approach was developed to solve the SLP. Furthermore, four variations of a hierarchical clustering algorithm were developed to cluster SKUs together on a picking line and three metaheuristic methods were developed to sequence these clusters. All the proposed approaches outperformed known methods for assigning locations to SKUs on a carousel. To test the validity of assumptions and assess the practicality of the proposed solutions an agent based simulation model was built. All proposed solutions were shown to be applicable in practice and the proposed solutions to both subporblems outperformed the current approaches by Pep. Furthermore, it was established that the OSP is a more important problem, in comparison to the SLP, for Pep to solve as limited savings can be achieved when solving the SLP.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Stelsel vir die opmaak van bestellings in 'n distribusiesentrum van Pep Stores Bpk. in Durban, Suid-Afrika word beskou. Hierdie stelsel gebruik uitsoeklyne waarop bestellings in golwe opgemaak word. 'n Uitsoeklyn is 'n area met vakkies waarop pallette met voorraadeenhede gestoor kan word. Hierdie vakkies is rondom 'n voerband gerangskik. Die stelsel het ooreenkomste met die eenrigting carrousselstelsels wat in die literatuur voorkom, maar hierdie eenrigtingstelsels is nie algemeen nie. Voorraadeenhede moet aan 'n golf toegewys word wat in 'n uitsoeklyn gerangskik word, waarna werkers dan die bestellings in die betrokke golf opmaak. Die hele operasie van bestellings opmaak kan opgebreek word in drie vlakke van besluite met gepaardgaande subprobleme. Die eerste twee subprobleme wat 'n enkele uitsoeklyn beskou, word aangespreek. Die eerste subprobleem, naamlik die volgorde-van-bestellings-probleem (VBP) beskou die volgorde waarin bestellings opgemaak word. Die tweede probeem is die voorraadeenheidaan- vakkie-toewysingsprobleem (VVTP) en beskou die toewysings van voorraadeenhede aan vakkies in 'n uitsoeklyn vir 'n gegewe golf. 'n Sterk ondergrens vir die VBP is bepaal met behulp van die konsep van 'n maksimum snit. Hierdie ondergrens kan gebruik word om 'n toelaatbare oplossing te bepaal wat hoogstens 1 carrousselsiklus meer as die ondergrens het. Hierdie oplossings kan dinamies gebruik word en kan dus net so in die praktyk aangewend word. Vinniger oplossingstegnieke is egter nodig indien die VVTP opgelos moet word. Twee metaheuristiese metodes word dus voorgestel waarmee oplossings vir die VBP vinniger bepaal kan word. 'n Mierkolonie benadering is ontwikkel om die VVTP op te los. Verder is vier variasies van 'n hi erargiese groeperingsalgoritme ontwikkel om voorraadeenhede saam te groepeer op 'n uitsoeklyn. Drie metaheuristieke is aangewend om hierdie groepe in volgorde te rangskik. Al hierdie benaderings vaar beter as bekende metodes om voorraadeenhede op 'n carroussel te rankskik. Om die geldigheid van die aannames en die praktiese uitvoerbaarheid van die oplossings te toets, is 'n agent gebaseerde simulasie model gebou. Daar is bevind dat al die voorgestelde oplossings prakties implementeerbaar is en dat al die metodes verbeter op die huidige werkswyse in Pep. Verder kon vasgestel word die VBP belangriker as die VVTP vir Pep is omdat veel kleiner potensiele besparings met die VVTP moontlik is as met die VBP.