Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „War – Influence“
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1
Bozzoli, Carlos, Tilman Brück und Tony Muhumuza. „Does war influence individual expectations?“ Economics Letters 113, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2011): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.08.011.
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Eichenberg, Richard C., und Richard J. Stoll. „The Acceptability of War and Support for Defense Spending“. Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, Nr. 4 (10.07.2016): 788–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715600760.
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We study the factors that influence citizen support for defense spending in fourteen democracies over the period 2004–2013. We pose two research questions. First, what factors influence citizen support for war and military force? We refer to this as the acceptability of war. Second, in addition to the acceptability of war, what other factors affect support for defense spending? Our principal finding is that citizen acceptance of war and support for defense spending are most influenced by basic beliefs and values. Gender also has a strong negative influence on attitudes toward war and thus indirectly lowers support for defense spending among women. Attitudes toward war and defense spending are also sometimes influenced by short-term threats and by alliance considerations, but the effects are not as substantively meaningful. We conclude with a summary of the results and a discussion of the implications for theory and policy.
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Wu, Jinfeng. „The Influence of Sino-US Trade War on China-ROK Relations“. Asia Social Science Academy 10, Nr. 1 (28.02.2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51600/jass.2023.10.1.149.
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For China and the United States, South Korea is an important trading partner, and it is also highly concerned about the Sino-US trade war. Because South Korea's economy relies heavily on the external environment, it has also been impacted to a certain extent by the Sino-US trade war. Although some studies believe that the Sino-US trade war has brought new development opportunities to South Korea, from a practical perspective, South Korea's gross domestic product, export trade, and stock market have been greatly impacted, especially by the intensified competition among big countries and the reshaping of global value chains brought about by the Sino-US trade war. With the intensification of the Sino-US trade war, both China and South Korea should think about how to reduce the influence of Sino-US relations and maintain the stability of Sino-Korean relations. Therefore, South Korea needs to actively adjust its economic policies, speed up the upgrading of its economic cooperation with China, take the initiative to seize the American market, and play a certain role in promoting regional multilateral economic cooperation and economic and trade diversification, especially avoiding taking sides between China and the United States. China, on the other hand, should strengthen its economic and political cooperation with South Korea so as to alleviate other countries' worries about Sino-US competition and the rise of China and thus realise the stable, healthy, and sustainable development of China-South Korea relations.
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Altman, Meryl. „Beauvoir, Hegel, War“. Hypatia 22, Nr. 3 (2007): 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2007.tb01091.x.
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The importance of Hegel to the philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir, both to her early philosophical texts and to The Second Sex, is usually discussed in terms of the master-slave dialectic and a Kojève-influenced reading, which some see her as sharing with Sartre, others persuasively describe as divergent from and corrective to Sartre's. Altman shows that Hegel's influence on Beauvoir's work is also wider, both in terms of what she takes on board and what she works through and rejects, and that her reading of Hegel is crucially inflected by two additional circumstances that Sartre did not entirely share: the experience of her first serious study of Hegel as a noncombatant in Paris during the German occupation and her earlier direct exposure to an eccentric, idealist reading of Hegel as developed by the group Philosophies in connection with surrealism and the artistic avant-garde. Altman also explores the afterlife of Hegel's influence on Beauvoir on second-wave feminism in the United States and Europe, and suggests continuing relevance to feminist theory today.
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Luo, Shan. „The Influence of American Slavery on American Economy“. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 8, Nr. 1 (14.09.2023): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230095.
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The only time in American history that the United States has ever fought against each other was the Civil War. How did the Civil War start? Why did the North abolish slavery? What impact did the Civil War have on the American economy? This paper analyzes the background of the American Civil War and the measures taken by the North and South during the war, and puts forward some opinions about the influence of the Civil War on the American economy. The Civil War was a watershed or a turning point in the development of American capitalist economy. However, the success of American economy in the 19th century was not decided by the sudden change brought by a "war" or a "revolution". It was actually the result of the long-term development of a variety of factors that could not be covered by the civil War, this study offers some references for the research of American economy.
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Manolea, Aliodor. „The Transpersonal War – Constituent of the Hybrid War“. Land Forces Academy Review 26, Nr. 4 (01.12.2021): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2021-0048.
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Abstract The study highlights aspects of the hybrid war waged by the Russian Federation in order to maintain, strengthen its areas of influence, penetrating areas inaccessible by classical means. The paper brings to the fore the nationalist interests, characteristics, objectives, tools and means used by the Russians in the current hybrid war. Using a reflective logic regarding the fact that there is a current of opinion in the US Armed Forces that argues that the real challenge for the United States is not the asymmetric war but the Transcendent War, I express the opinion that the Russian Federation also considers this issue. In this context, I draw attention to the research conducted in Romania on Distal Psychoinformational Influence as an offensive-defensive weapon that manifests itself without material support and acts subliminally, transcendently, in operations of knowledge, influence, domination and control of the opponent, both psychoemotional as well as somatic.
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Lenihan, David A. „The Influence of Augustine’s Just War“. Augustinian Studies 27, Nr. 1 (1996): 55–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies19962713.
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Albornoz, Facundo, und Esther Hauk. „Civil war and U.S. foreign influence“. Journal of Development Economics 110 (September 2014): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.05.002.
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Zhang, He. „Research on the Influence of Russia-Ukraine War on American Inflation and Strategy Optimization“. BCP Business & Management 32 (22.11.2022): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v32i.2950.
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The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine War must be the most astonishing and significant event in 2022. It is a war caused by geopolitics but damages the global economy drastically. The necessity of studies on the specific influences of the Russia-Ukraine War on certain countries raises, and how to mitigate these influences becomes imperative. The research design is descriptive with secondary data like CPI and PPI. This paper will also complete the case study of how the Russia-Ukraine War led to U.S. inflation with economic models including an open economy market and demand and supply. The result reveals the influence of the war on the rise of prices of U.S. energy, food, and other products. The suggestions are to cease the war, imply contractionary monetary policy, cancel tariffs, increase energy supply, and seek alternatives to fossil fuels. This paper helps explain the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on American inflation and the strategies that are implicated carefully to improve citizens’ lives.
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Milićević, Aleksandra Sasha. „Joining the War: Masculinity, Nationalism and War Participation in the Balkans War of Secession, 1991–1995*“. Nationalities Papers 34, Nr. 3 (Juli 2006): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990600766487.
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Why do people go to war? My own interest in this question emerged from the context of my dissolving country and Serbia's increased engagement in a very strident form of ethnonationalism. Although social scientists have sought to understand the roles of ethnonationalism in fostering state-organized violence, few scholars have sought to understand the gendered nature of men's motivations for participating in war. The case of the inter-ethnic wars in Croatia and Bosnia, following the break-up of Yugoslavia, presents an unparalleled opportunity to understand more about how the processes of ethnonationalization and masculinization operate in everyday life, and about how men from Serbia made sense of their decisions about participation in the wars. In the present paper I explore the ways nationalism and masculinity intersect and overlap, influence and are influenced by war participation, by looking closer into the war volunteers from Serbia who joined the Yugoslav wars of secession, 1991–1995.
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Kim, Woosang, und Bruce Bueno de Mesquita. „How Perceptions Influence the Risk of War“. International Studies Quarterly 39, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600723.
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Pintescu, Florin. „The Influence of War upon International Relations“. Codrul Cosminului 25, Nr. 2 (2019): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/cc.2019.02.010.
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Lester, David, und Bijou Yang. „The Influence of War on Suicide Rates“. Journal of Social Psychology 132, Nr. 1 (Februar 1992): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1992.9924698.
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Haldi, Stacy Bergstrom. „The Influence of Logistics on War Widening“. Defense & Security Analysis 18, Nr. 1 (März 2002): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07430170120113703.
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Li, Yixuan. „The impact of American Philippine economic policy on Philippine modern economy during the Cold War“. SHS Web of Conferences 180 (2023): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202318001016.
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As an important country in Southeast Asia, the Philippines has repeatedly occupied an important geographical position and had an important geographical and political position during the Cold War. Since the Cold War, the relationship between the United States and the Philippines has been very close, and the influence of the United States on the Philippines is self-evident. Therefore, studying the political influence of the United States on Philippine economic policy during the Cold War has important theoretical and practical significance. Starting from the economic policy adopted by the United States in the Philippines, this paper analyzes the economic assistance methods of the United States to the Philippines and its political influence on the Philippines and explains why the United States exercises neocolonial control over the Philippines from two aspects. This article argues that the United States has influenced the Philippine economy in a neocolonial way in an attempt to expand the political influence and sphere of influence of the United States itself.
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Cortez, Jonathan. „1898 and Its Aftermath: America’s Imperial Influence“. Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 20, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2021): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781421000438.
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Throughout the late nineteenth century, Cubans and Filipinos led calls for independence against Spanish colonial rule. In 1898 the United States entered the conflict under the guise of supporting liberty and democracy abroad, declaring war on Spain. The Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the war as well as Spanish colonial rule, resulted in the U.S. acquisition of territories off its coasts. This microsyllabus, 1898 and Its Aftermath: America’s Imperial Influence, collects articles that use the 1898 Spanish-Cuban-American War as a jumping-off point to understand how issues such as labor, citizenship, weather, and sports were impacted by America’s racism and white supremacy across the globe.
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Pickett, Bryan, und Mike Lingenfelter. „Influence Strategy“. International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 1, Nr. 3 (Juli 2011): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2011070102.
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The U.S. strategy in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as with al-Qaeda has focused predominantly on heavy U.S. military involvement (with a high proportion of kinetic operations), while using influence components (media, public diplomacy, Civil Affairs (CA), Military Information Support Operations (MISO), and Public Affairs (PA)), for the most part, in a reactive manner. This paper explores influence strategy and theory to identify what the key components of an effective influence strategy are, and how to modify these components to increase strategic effectiveness. First examined is the relationship of influence strategy with grand strategy, then progressed to examining several key influence theories as proposed by Cialdini, Ellul, Pratkanis, and Aronson, Tugwell, McLuhan, and Reilly. From the review, it appears that there are multiple descriptive formulations of the components of influence, but no specific formulations on how to develop an effective influence strategy using these principles. The principles of influence were compared and several hypotheses regarding an effective influence strategy proposed to help achieve the desired political end-state. The authors plan to test these hypotheses in future research using case studies of the Boer War, WWI, WWII, the Cold War, and the current conflict of U.S. versus trans-national Jihadi terrorists.
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POLІAKOVA, SVITLANA, und YURII KOHATKO. „Poverty of the Ukrainian Pensioners: Pre-War Situation and Influence of the War“. Demography and social economy 2 (30.06.2023): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2023.02.092.
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The purpose of the article is to determine the level of poverty among Ukrainian pensioners, assess deprivations, including those in different types of settlements, and forecast the impact of full-scale military actions on the increase in monetary poverty. Studying poverty among pensioners during wartime is very important, as retirement age is a time in life when a person can no longer ensure a stable income, except for their pension, and requires access to healthcare and various social services. Military actions in some parts of Ukraine make normal existence impossible and critically exacerbate the problem of poverty, while in other areas, they significantly increase the poverty level due to a general decline in the standard of living. Various methods are used to study poverty among pensioners in Ukraine, both specialized and general scientific methods. The monographic method, bibliometrics, and content analysis are used for preliminary study of the problem. The computational method, forecasting, and modeling are used to forecast the impact of full-scale military actions on the growth of monetary poverty. The scale of pre-war poverty levels among Ukrainian pensioners, including self-assessment, has been assessed. In 2021, 26.3 % of urban and 29.2 % of rural pensioner households were classified as poor according to the relative criterion. On average, 23.4 % of households across the country were classified as poor. The level of poverty has been determined based on deprivations. The poverty level based on deprivation indicators in different types of settlements (share of households experiencing 4 or more deprivations) in 2020 was 2.6 times higher in rural areas compared to the corresponding indicator in cities. Deprivations among Ukrainian pensioners have been assessed in terms of types of settlements. Forecasts for poverty among Ukrainian pensioners have been provided based on the absolute criterion of expenses below the actual subsistence minimum. According to the forecasts of experts from the Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in 2023, the share of the population living on less than the actual subsistence minimum will increase by 1.7 times throughout the country, compared to 2021, and reach 67.8 %. Taking into account the fact that the poverty level among pensioners, especially older people, significantly exceeds the average indicators for the country from year to year, the majority of elderly people — 76.4 % in cities and 83 % in rural areas — will fall into the category of poor.
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Іvanova, Natalia, Julia Andrusyshyn und Olga Palyvoda. „Protection Against Negative Information-Psychological Influences in Conditions of Hybrid War“. Information Security of the Person, Society and State, Nr. 28-30 (15.12.2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2020-(1-3)-9.
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The publication is dedicated to questions of individual protection from negative information-psychological influences, considering the phenomenon of «hybrid war». The essence of the concepts «hybrid war» and «negative information-psychological (manipulative) influences are revealed». It is substantiated that the concept of hybrid war has been for a long time used in the West military discourse and is not something new but widely known as «unconventional» war. It is said that there are a lot of different ways of message dissemination in modern oversaturated society that influence personality’s consciousness. At the same time mass media are the most efficient instrument of information and psychological influence and that is why they are considered to be a part of strategic forces of informational confrontation. It is determined that the ability of the individual to counteract manipulative influences is understood as the implementation of anti-manipulative mechanisms (methods, technologies and techniques of psychological protection) on the basis of developed emotional-volitional stability, aimed at ensuring constructive personality’s behavior. The necessity of organizing protection against negative information-psychological influences at the social, group and personal levels is substantiated. It is noted that the media is the most effective tool for the implementation of information-psychological influence on large groups of people and therefore they can be considered part of the strategic forces of information confrontation. It is determined the main measures to protect the population from such hidden influences, which should be implemented in the general system of information and propaganda support in order to form a stable and controlled moral and psychological state of the population and troops. It is substantiated that given these levels, measures and other psychological prerequisites for combating manipulative influences, the individuals will be able to optimize their own anti-manipulative behavior and successfully organize the work on the psychological protection implementation under any conditions of influence.
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Nieusma, Dean, und Ethan Blue. „Engineering and War“. International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace 1, Nr. 1 (24.05.2012): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v1i1.3519.
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This paper shows how the connections between engineering and warfare/militarism are closer than is usually recognized. It investigates the nature of that relationship using theoretical perspectives from critical theory and social constructionism. We draw on historical research into the influence of military institutions and interests on the field of engineering, but also look broadly at cultures of warfare that extend beyond formalized military institutions. Focusing on engineering labor and engineering epistemologies, we suggest that engineering today can be understood as a “war-built” discipline—even when practiced apart from military institutions and projects. We put forward “social justice” as an idealized alternative foundation for engineering. In addition to serving as a corrective to the inordinate influence of militarism on engineering, a social-justice-based approach could also sensitize engineers and others to the pervasive role of social context in shaping both what engineers do and how that is understood to serve broad public interests.
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Stukalo, Nataliia, und Anastasiia Simakhova. „Social and economic effects of the war conflict in Ukraine for Europe“. Geopolitics under Globalization 2, Nr. 1 (19.06.2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/gg.02(1).2018.02.
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The war conflict in the East Ukraine impacts the geopolitical security and stability of Europe and other countries of the world. So, there are the global effects of the war conflict in Ukraine. And the instability in Ukraine has its social consequences that influences the European development. The aim of the article is to identify and elaborate social effects of the war conflict in Ukraine and to get understanding of its influence on European stability, on position of Ukraine on European arena. The article has been prepared by using such methods as: analysis of Ukrainian and European research papers, comparison and generalization of the facts about war conflict in Ukraine. In the article social consequences of the war conflict in Ukraine, such as migration, unemployment, crime growth, decreasing of population and others have been studied. It has been described that social dimension of the war conflict in Ukraine has its influence on European stability and geopolitical situation, especially Ukrainian migration. At the end of the article the authors present the conclusions and the mechanism for solving the war conflict situation in Ukraine. Also, Ukraine needs an integrated approach in order to solve all economic and social problems in the country. Only integrated approach will allow to use available Ukrainian resources and advanced European experience to provide economic and social stability of the country.
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Plante, Thomas G., und Gerdenio M. Manuel. „The Persian Gulf War: Civilian war–related stress and the influence of age, religious faith, and war attitudes“. Journal of Clinical Psychology 48, Nr. 2 (März 1992): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199203)48:2<178::aid-jclp2270480205>3.0.co;2-c.
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Wang, Suyan. „Analysis of the influence of Christianity on Current American Culture Wars“. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, Nr. 1 (17.05.2023): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/2022109.
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Although many who live in the United States may conclude the overturn of progressive policies as a representation of the cultural war, few can really specify the origin of the conflict. This paper focuses on the historical and sociological reasons behind the current American culture war. It can be concluded that the origin of the current culture war is heavily attributed to the influence of Christian, or specifically, Protestant ideology on the construction of American collective consciousness. Through analysis of research databases from the past, this research proposes that (a) the American state has never been separated from its church and (b) Protestantism is a result of old collective consciousness and a root for democracy, the new collective consciousness. Thus, (c) the cultural war in current American society is between two sets of collective consciousnessbetween Protestantism and universal democracy. In addition to research on the origin of the cultural war, this research also seeks to suggest the importance of understanding the context of a situation.
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Panzeri, Francesca, Simona Di Paola und Filippo Domaneschi. „Does the COVID-19 war metaphor influence reasoning?“ PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 4 (28.04.2021): e0250651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250651.
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In recent times, many alarm bells have begun to sound: the metaphorical presentation of the COVID-19 emergency as a war might be dangerous, because it could affect the way people conceptualize the pandemic and react to it, leading citizens to endorse authoritarianism and limitations to civil liberties. The idea that conceptual metaphors actually influence reasoning has been corroborated by Thibodeau and Boroditsky, who showed that, when crime is metaphorically presented as a beast, readers become more enforcement-oriented than when crime is metaphorically framed as a virus. Recently, Steen, Reijnierse and Burgers replied that this metaphorical framing effect does not seem to occur and suggested that the question should be rephrased about the conditions under which metaphors do or do not influence reasoning. In this paper, we investigate whether presenting the COVID-19 pandemic as a war affects people’s reasoning about the pandemic. Data collected suggest that the metaphorical framing effect does not occur by default. Rather, socio-political individual variables such as speakers’ political orientation and source of information favor the acceptance of metaphor congruent entailments: right-wing participants and participants relying on independent sources of information are those more conditioned by the COVID-19 war metaphor, thus more inclined to prefer bellicose options.
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Husejnović, Safet. „The influence of qira’at on war law regulations“. Zbornik radova 19, Nr. 19 (15.12.2021): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2021.19.323.
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Islam is primarily the religion of peace, it promotes love and obedience to the Supreme Lord, and then love and respect towards His creatures, and particularly humans as the most eminent creatures. Allah, the Exalted, vehemently condemns unlawful taking of other being’s life. Moreover, the Qur’an rejects the excessive use of force in retaliating against violence: If you want to retaliate against injustice, then let it be equivalent to what you have suffered. But if you patiently endure, it is certainly better for you (An Nahl, 26). The Qur’anic principle of reciprocal force and defense will be applied in international humanitarian and war law as the principle of the proportionate use of force in defense. The defense of the attacked can be only proportional to the attack, but never such that it presents a new attack. Fighting and hostility towards non-believers at the Ka’ba are strictly forbidden except in the case of necessary defense. This paper deals with well-known Islamic scholars’ legal comments on war law regulations, but only from the Qira’at perspective, how and to what extent Islamic scholars relied on Qira’at while establishing, performing and presenting Shariah norms, starting from the fact that legal discrepancies partly arise from different Qira’at as well as from various morphological, grammatical and stylistic analyses. The paper comprises the following subchapters: Introduction, Islam is the religion of peace, Permission to fight in Islam, Prohibition of fighting at the Masjid’l-Haram, and the Prohibition of access to the Masjid’l-Haram. Keywords: the Qur’an, hadith, Islam, Qira’at, regulation, war, attack, law, religion, peace, fighting, Masjid’l-Haram.
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Hertzler, Ann A. „Florence Nightingale???s Influence on Civil War Nutrition“. Nutrition Today 39, Nr. 4 (Juli 2004): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-200407000-00004.
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Becker, David. „Tolstoy and Schopenhauer and War and Peace: Influence and Ambivalence“. Canadian-American Slavic Studies 48, Nr. 4 (2014): 418–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04804002.
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This essay is an analysis of the influence that Schopenhauer’s philosophy had upon Tolstoy during his writing of the novel War and Peace. It is generally conceded that Schopenhauer’s ideas had a deep impact upon Tolstoy during the writing of Anna Karenina, however, the case of War and Peace is more complex and contested. Some have maintained that War and Peace possesses an essentially “optimistic” perspective on life, and that Tolstoy shifted his ground dramatically when he embarked upon the latter novel. Others have seen a greater degree of continuity between the two works. This essay makes the case that War and Peace is in fact a work that is deeply influenced by Tolstoy’s affinity for Schopenhauer’s view of the world. However, at the same time, it argues that Tolstoy was ambivalent about Schopenhauer’s deep pessimism, and that this ambivalence is manifested throughout the novel. Nevertheless, the essay proposes that War and Peace is a far darker and more “pessimistic” work than is often understood, and that this element of the novel is an indication of the author’s sympathy with the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer.
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Anderson, Julian. „MESSIAEN AND THE NOTION OF INFLUENCE“. Tempo 63, Nr. 247 (Januar 2009): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298209000011.
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In 1989, I bought a CD in Paris of the early piano music of André Jolivet. Like many non-French musicians, I had read the name of Jolivet but heard little of his music. Jolivet's reputation as Varèse's leading pupil and the extreme avant-gardist of the pre-World War II group La Jeune France seemed completely at odds with his conventional post-War music occasionally broadcast on Radio 3, such as the Concertos for Trumpet, Piano or Ondes Martenot–music which suggested not fully assimilated influences of Honegger or Hindemith, with little obviously adventurous about it in its rhythmically conservative phrasing and standard formal shapes.
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Dowdy, Justin, und T. Glenn Pait. „The influence of war on the development of neurosurgery“. Journal of Neurosurgery 120, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.8.jns122369.
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The treatment of craniospinal war wounds proved to be a significant driving force in the early growth of neurosurgery as a specialty. This publication explores the historical relationship between the evolution of combat methodology from antiquity through modern conflicts as it dovetails with and drives corresponding advancements in the field of neurosurgery. Whether it's the basic management principles for intracranial projectile wounds derived from World War I experiences, the drastic improvement in the outcomes and management of spinal cord injuries observed in World War II, or the fact that both of these wars played a crucial role in the development of a training system that is the origin of modern residency programs, the influence of wartime experiences is pervasive.
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Szostek, Joanna. „Russian influence on news media in Belarus“. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 2015): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.06.007.
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This article investigates Russian media influence in Belarus during the second half of 2010, when an “information war” broke out between Moscow and Minsk. Samples of news content are analysed to reveal the varying portrayals of Russia generated by leading broadcasters and publishers; interviews with media professionals shed light on the forces which shaped the news. The article considers the outcomes of the information war and argues that the impact of Russian news exports lay more in their capacity to provoke than their capacity to “elicit attraction” as envisaged by the literature on soft power.
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Overlack, Peter, und Hermann Joseph Hiery. „The Neglected War: The German South Pacific and the Influence of World War I.“ Journal of Military History 61, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2953941.
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Yefremova, Kateryna. „Determinants of the Influence on Economic Sovereignty in the War and Post-War Period“. Law and innovations, Nr. 4 (40) (19.12.2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2022-4(40)-1.
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Problem setting. The Russian invasion of Ukraine caused heavy casualties, significant displacement of the population, and extensive damage to infrastructure. The impact on economic activity is enormous: real GDP has fallen sharply, inflation has risen, trade has been significantly disrupted, and the budget deficit has risen to unprecedented levels. All this directly affected the realization of the economic sovereignty of Ukraine. Analysis of recent researches and publications. During the last decade, domestic authors devoted a lot of attention to the study of the legal nature of economic sovereignty and the factors influencing it. However, the works of E. M. Bilousov, I. V. Yakovyuk, O. B. Vasylchyshyn, A. Yu. Tkrenko, M. M. Khapatniukovskii, B. V. Derevyanka, and V. M. Kostyuchenko deserve special attention. At the same time, the problem of ensuring economic sovereignty in the conditions of martial law and in the post-war period is only raised in scientific research, which determines its relevance. The target of the research is to find out the significance of external determinants of influence on the processes of ensuring the economic sovereignty of Ukraine in a special period, as well as to substantiate the priority directions of the state’s economic policy to reduce the negative factors of influence on economic sovereignty in order to realize the national interests of post-war economic recovery. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the issues of determining exogenous determinants of influence on economic sovereignty in a special period. The author proposes to consider the system of determinants of influence on economic sovereignty not only at the national level, but first of all, taking into account the imbalances that threaten the stability of the world level due to the regional and sectoral economic interdependence of states. The author offers a classification of such factors based on the constituent parts of economic sovereignty. In the study, special attention was paid to some determinants, in particular, the cooperation of the state with international financial institutions, the migration processes of the working population and the relocation of business outside the country. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The author draws attention to the fact that international measures for financial support of Ukraine (financing of the collective West) on the terms of long-term crediting contribute to the achievement of macroeconomic stability, timely and immediate restoration of infrastructure and support of the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy, but do not solve all the deep problems and do not reduce the total amount of public debt , which in the future will be a lever of influence on the economic sovereignty of the country. It is concluded that, in Ukraine during the war period and for some time after, there will be a temporary limitation of the realization of economic sovereignty, which requires the country’s authorities to take decisive actions to develop a balanced economic strategy for the recovery of Ukraine in order to minimize the impact of exogenous determinants of influence.
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Mitchell, Peter J., Andrey A. Andrakhanov und Egor V. Trusov. „British Air Force slang. Influence of the First World War“. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, Nr. 192 (2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-192-16-23.
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World War One had an impact not only the development of international relations throughout the 20th century, but also led to the creation of air forces of different countries. More than 30 countries participated in the First World War. The British Empire, which fought on the side of the Entente, was one of them. During the First World War, the importance of the Air Force increased. It played a decisive role in gaining dominance amidst the aerospace. Aviation, which tasks included aerial reconnaissance and bomb attacks, evolved significantly. A huge number of new experimental military equipment have appeared. All of this produced a huge number of military slang terms. In this study, we will examine the slang terms that appeared in the slang of the British Air Force during the First World War, classify them and make a conclusion about the influence of the First World War on the development of military slang terms. During the training of specialists in the linguistic support of military activity, the topic of military slang remains understudied, which is why interpreters have difficulties in translating slang units. Therefore, the studying of this phenomenon can improve the skills of military interpreters and allow them to avoid major mistakes in their professional activity.
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Wysocka, Aneta. „The autobiographical “self” in Ryszard Kapuściński´s empathetic journalism“. Human Affairs 31, Nr. 3 (01.07.2021): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2021-0028.
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Abstract The article investigates the autobiographical aspects of Ryszard Kapuściński’s reportage pieces. The journalist’s complete works provide the material for this study. Autobiographism is understood here broadly, not only as the presence of a selfnarrative in the documentary accounts, but also as the implicit influence of the foreign correspondent’s life experiences on his interpretation of the events he reports. Kapuściński’s work early was primarily influenced by the experiences of poverty during the Second World War and the post-war period, the post-war loss of his little homeland as Poland entered the orbit of the Soviet Union’s influence, as well as his involvement in a socialist youth organization. These personal experiences constitute an important context for the interpretation of his works, which is shown using examples from his reports.
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Zhang, Xiaoyue. „Review of Literature and Study on Origins of "Cold War"“. BCP Education & Psychology 4 (31.05.2022): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v4i.777.
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The study of the origins of the Cold War has often been heavily influenced by ideology and one's own standpoint at the outset, and the "absence" of the U.S.S.R (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) in Western studies of Cold War history and its dominant position in the socialist’s side have made the issue seriously polarized. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, both Western and Chinese academics have tried to break away from the ideological influence in the academy and attempt to make a comprehensive assessment of the Cold War with a global perspective and a relatively objective view.
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Kriner, Douglas, Breanna Lechase und Rosella Cappella Zielinski. „Self-interest, partisanship, and the conditional influence of taxation on support for war in the USA“. Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, Nr. 1 (24.11.2015): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215611133.
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Does the imposition of taxation inevitably erode public support for war? Through a pair of survey experiments we show that whether a war tax decreases public support for military action critically depends on the design of the taxation instrument itself. Broad-based, regressive taxes decrease support for war; progressive taxes targeted on the wealthy do not. We also uncover the mechanisms through which Americans incorporate information about war taxation into their wartime policy preferences. Economic self-interest, alone, cannot explain the individual-level variation in reactions to war taxation. Rather, Americans assess war taxation both through the lens of economic self-interest and by using partisan heuristics. The negative effect of taxation on war support is both conditional on the design of the taxation instrument and variable across segments of the public.
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Bickell, Craig. „Operation FORTITUDE SOUTH: An Analysis of its Influence upon German Dispositions and Conduct of Operations in 1944“. War & Society 18, Nr. 1 (Mai 2000): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/war.2000.18.1.91.
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Maspul, Kurniawan Arif, Yona Melinda, Valerie Indiana Chemistry, Karila Wisudayanti, Fedora Fedora und Dwi Febriana Rochmah. „Decoding "University War (대학전쟁)": STEM Education and Cultural Influence“. Jurnal Psikologi 1, Nr. 3 (15.03.2024): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/pjp.v1i3.2317.
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University War (대학전쟁)" presents a captivating intersection of psychological, educational, and cultural dimensions within the context of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. The Korean television show phenomenon engages viewers worldwide, transcending cultural boundaries with its gripping narrative of intellectual competition among South Korea's elite universities. Through psychological theories such as Bandura's social learning theory and Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory, the show underscores the significance of academic excellence and the intrinsic motivation driving contestants. Moreover, "University War" promotes critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for STEM fields, reflecting broader societal attitudes toward education and career aspirations. As educators explore ways to sustain interest in STEM among K-Pop wave culture enthusiasts through initiatives inspired by the series, University War stands as a compelling case study highlighting the transformative potential of popular media in shaping educational outcomes and societal perceptions in the digital age.
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Buranok, Sergey Olegovich, und Dmitry Viktorovich Surzhik. „World War II in John Ford’s films“. Samara Journal of Science 12, Nr. 1 (29.06.2023): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121210.
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John Fords films show how the cultural context of the Pacific War and the image of the war in combat films of 19411945 change. By the time the USA entered the World War II, Hollywood and Washington had a long if not estranged relationship. They were both well versed in the use of propaganda and had readily employed it on the citizens of the United States. J. Fords films are a good example of this cooperation. This paper is about a reflection of the image of the Pacific war, and about the key moments of glorification of the World War II history in the USA cinema and media. The paper analyzes the connection between the images of the war in the film December 7 with the images of the war in newspapers, cartoons, politicians speeches this will help to study the problem of visualizing the war in a wide socio-cultural context rather than in isolation. The nature and mechanisms of mutual influence of these images of the war have been determined: for example, how the materials of periodicals influenced the film; how the speeches of American politicians were refracted and reflected in Fords film; how the visual images of cartoons influenced the directors work.
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Vogelová, Pavlína. „Fotografický Beroun Jiřího Jeníčka z roku 1943. Paradox daru fotografického alba Berouna Jiřího Jeníčka Klementu Gottwaldovi v roce 1945“. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 77, Nr. 3-4 (2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnph.2023.011.
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The photo album of the region surrounding the town of Beroun featuring images by Jiří Jeníček, dating back to 1973, reflects the atmosphere and circumstances of the Czech photography scene under the influence of World War II. During the interwar and post-war period, the amateur photographer, filmmaker and theoretician Jiří Jeníček was one of the key personalities of Czech photography and film. His influence extended to both amateur clubs and the modernist avant-garde tendencies in interwar photography, which fundamentally influenced Czech photography. Jeníček’s photo album with motifs of the town of Beroun and the surrounding landscape emphasises strong emotional content through neutral themes. The paper examines the role of Czech photography during the Second World War within the socio-cultural context in response to the challenging circumstances and how it was interpreted after 1945.
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Pukelytė, Ina. „Political Influence on Theatre Historiography“. Nordic Theatre Studies 31, Nr. 2 (18.05.2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v31i2.120119.
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The article discusses the question of the memory of Jewish history and culture in Lithuania in regard to the cultural and political debates that are actually taking place in Lithuanian society. Historical facts, concerning Jewish cultural life in Lithuania before the Second World War, were eliminated from the research field conducted by historiographers during the Soviet and the early post Soviet times. The article argues that this was due to political aspirations of the country; they play the crucial role in defining what type of memories the society would carry on and defend. In regard to the research done by sociologists Maurice Halbwachs, Jan and Aleida Assmanns notions of collective memory, functional and stored memory are discussed. Examples of the recent media persecutions of cultural personas such as Rūta Vanagaitė and Marius Ivaškevičius are discussed in order to illustrate the memory war that is still taking place in the actual Lithuanian society.
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MORLEY, JOEL. „THE MEMORY OF THE GREAT WAR AND MORALE DURING BRITAIN'S PHONEY WAR“. Historical Journal 63, Nr. 2 (27.03.2019): 437–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000062.
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AbstractThis article examines the memory of the Great War and the underexplored topic of morale during the Phoney War, and contributes to, and connects, their historiographies. Analysis of previously unexamined Mass Observation (MO) material confirms and qualifies some of the concerns about morale that MO expressed at the time. It also reveals that many Britons looked backwards to the Great War during the Phoney War, whether they had lived through the Great War or not, and their memories and understandings of the Great War informed their attitudes to the Second World War. Memories of wartime trauma were just one facet of the varied legacy of the Great War that Britons drew upon. Importantly, Britons of different ages drew upon post-war representations and personal and vicarious experiences to different extents, but those who were able to typically ascribed influence to personal rather than cultural memories of the Great War. This complicates the assumption that the latter determined Britons’ responses to the outbreak of the Second World War and contributes to understandings of both the reception and influence of cultural representations of the Great War, and the place of the Great War in the subjective worlds of Britons during the Second World War.
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NIKOLIC-RISTANOVIC, VESNA. „Living Without Democracy and Peace“. Violence Against Women 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 1999): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778019922181158.
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In this article, violence against women in the former Yugoslavia is analyzed, with special emphasis on the influence of war, nationalism, and militarism on its occurrence. Violence against women in both war and areas that were not directly influenced by conflict are examined. Its main aim is to illustrate how militarism and nationalism—as contradictions to democracy—decrease the safety of women and shape their vulnerability in more variant ways, and with more traumatic consequences, than occur in societies with long traditions of democracy and during so called peacetimes. Special attention is drawn to the sexual, physical, and psychological violence against women in war and refuge, as well as to domestic and other forms of violence in areas not directly affected by war. Criminalization of society and inappropriate formal social control, consequences of both the war and a lack of democracy, are seen as generators of insecurity and victimization of women in the areas that are not directly influenced by conflict.
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Meng, Weizhan, und Xinkai Zeng. „How Should China Respond to Trump’s New Round of Trade War? An Unprecedented Debate Among Chinese IR Scholars“. Journal of World Trade 54, Issue 6 (01.12.2020): 983–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2020042.
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The US-China trade war finally broke out in 2018 after more than a decade of gradual decline in bilateral relations. This article reviews the fierce debates among China’s most prominent international relations (IR) scholars and, respectively, some economists and business elites on various topics related to US-China relations, in particular, the trade war, from 2017 to 2020. Specifically, it addresses four topics: the causes for the decline in US-China relations, Beijing’s policy and strategy for dealing with Trump’s trade war, the impact of the ‘decoupling’ on China and the prospects for future bilateral relations. Intellectual elites try to influence government policies by participating in debates while the government also applies various means to influence scholars’ views and shape public opinion on the Internet. The article finds that Chinese scholars’ discussions on the trade war and Beijing’s policies were actually influenced by factors other than trade. If Washington adopts appropriate policies in the future, Beijing may still make concessions in the interests of the United States on trade and security issues.
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Stiperski, Zoran, und Zdenko Braičić. „The Influence of War on the Dynamics of Unemployment in Banovina (Croatia)“. Journal for Geography 4, Nr. 2 (31.12.2009): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.4.2.3193.
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This paper deals with the effects of economic transition and the Croatian war for independence (the Homeland War) on the stagnation and decline of economic activities, which resulted in mass unemployment. This problem is analysed in the case of Banovina, a traditionally underdeveloped region that was occupied during the war by Serb aggressor forces. A comparison of the dynamics of unemployment in Banovina, and its structural characteristics, with average trends and traits in Croatia provides insight into some of the developmental problems that burden this region.
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Yin, Han. „The Formation and Influence of American Hegemony in Cold War“. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 21, Nr. 1 (20.11.2023): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/21/20230200.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world has developed into a world situation in which the United States is the only super-Power and there are many powerful States. The United States had begun to successfully develop its hegemony in various areas of the world. However, the hegemony of the United States began to be challenged along with the re-emergence of forces in Asia and Europe. The opportunity of the Cold War was an important point in the formation of American hegemony. Because of this, the study of how American hegemony was formed during the Cold War and its impact on the world situation is crucial to how the United States faces the challenges that are now before it as well as the further development of the world situation. The main objective of this paper is to analyse how American hegemony was formed during the Cold War in terms of politics, economy, science and technology, and the impact of American hegemony on the world. The formation of American hegemony had a great impact on the US-Soviet relations, European integration and the development of the third world countries during the Cold War.
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Saud, Adam, und Anjum Gul. „Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan Border Skirmishes (2022) and Waning Russian Influence in Central Asia“. Central Asia 92, Summer (02.02.2024): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-92.198.
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Since their independence, Central Asian republics witnessed most serious interstate military escalation between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in 2022 which left several dead and hundreds injured. There is around 600 KMs of disputed border between the two states which is the major bone of contention. This war also led to a substantial damage to civilian properties. This study analyses the reasons, intensity and outcomes of the war. It particularly evaluates the Russian role in conflict resolution and impacts of this war on the regional security. Findings show that Russian involvement in Ukraine war has negatively impacted its ability to keep influence in the Central Asian region. Russian led CSTO also offered diplomatic solution by connecting both parties through telephonic conversation. Research recommends a regional mechanism to resolve the border conflicts not only between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan but in the whole region.
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Girotto, Chiara G. M., und Tina Jakob. „The influence of war on population-based fracture distribution patterns: An example from medieval England“. Anthropologischer Anzeiger 76, Nr. 3 (01.09.2019): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0875.
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Czornik, Katarzyna. „Determinants of U.S. Foreign Policy foreign policy during the Cold War The Intra-American Perspective“. Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis 31 (29.12.2020): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/spus.11383.
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The U.S. accession to the Second World War and indisputable victory initiated a new stage in the history of the United States. The country took a superpower position next to the USSR. The USA became the leading force of the democratic and capitalist world. During the Cold War, competing with the Soviet Union for influence in the global scale, the United States effectively spread its ideology, political system model, and value system. A number of determinants of an internal nature, both objective and subjective, influenced the shape of the foreign policy of the USA during the Cold War.
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Ian Stapleton, Bradford. „The Korea Syndrome: An Examination of War-Weariness Theory“. Journal of Cold War Studies 17, Nr. 3 (Juli 2015): 36–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00561.
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In recent years, numerous commentators have maintained that an Iraq syndrome (or Afghanistan syndrome, or both) will inhibit U.S. foreign policy and reduce the leeway U.S. presidents have to use force overseas. To assess the plausibility of those predictions—and the validity and scope of war-weariness theory—this article provides a thorough examination of how the Korean War influenced subsequent U.S. decisions regarding the use of military force during the Dien Bien Phu crisis in 1954 and the first offshore islands confrontation with the People's Republic of China in 1955. The analysis suggests that military quagmires (such as Korea) are likely to exert only minor influence on great powers’ subsequent decisions on whether to use military force but are much more likely to influence how great powers do so.