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Teparić, Renata, Mateja Lozančić und Vladimir Mrša. „Evolutionary Overview of Molecular Interactions and Enzymatic Activities in the Yeast Cell Walls“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 23 (26.11.2020): 8996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238996.
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Fungal cell walls are composed of a polysaccharide network that serves as a scaffold in which different glycoproteins are embedded. Investigation of fungal cell walls, besides simple identification and characterization of the main cell wall building blocks, covers the pathways and regulations of synthesis of each individual component of the wall and biochemical reactions by which they are cross-linked and remodeled in response to different growth phase and environmental signals. In this review, a survey of composition and organization of so far identified and characterized cell wall components of different yeast genera including Saccharomyces, Candida, Kluyveromyces, Yarrowia, and Schizosaccharomyces are presented with the focus on their cell wall proteomes.
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Singh, Adya P., Shruti Singh und Ehsan Bari. „Bacterial Degradation of Wood by Tunnel Formation: Role of TEM in Understanding the Intricate Architecture of Tunnels and the Cell Wall Degradation Process“. Microscopy Today 30, Nr. 5 (September 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929522001080.
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Abstract:Certain bacteria degrade wood by creating tunnels in cell walls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has played a key role in understanding the intricate architecture of the tunnels produced within the cell wall and the process of cell wall degradation. The most prominent feature of tunnels is the presence of periodic crescent-shaped slime bands, which is the single most important diagnostic characteristic of bacterial tunneling-type cell wall degradation. The review presented covers the aspects relevant to understanding bacterial tunneling of wood cell walls, emphasizing the importance of the application of TEM in this area of research.
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Kholova, Nodira, und Ravshan Abdullaev. „Censuring the durability of foundations of buildings and structures“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, Nr. 5 (01.09.2021): 052044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/5/052044.
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Abstract The article covers the results of field full-scale experimental research aimed at revealing the effect of horizontal waterproofing structures of walls on the capillary rise of moisture. Conclusions and recommendations for waterproofing walls using local materials have been given. Based on comparative comparisons of the results of experiments, the article covers that the rise of moisture along the wall is significantly less in the case of laying marble or concrete tiles on waterproofing sand-cement mixtures.
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Abuelroos, Dena, Carol Lima, Luke Odisho, Nathan Kolderman, David Lin, Kiran Nandalur und Sayf Al-Katib. „Common and Uncommon Mimics of Thoracic Malignancy on PET/CT: Part 1—Pearls and Pitfalls of Pleura and Chest Wall Entities“. Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 47, Nr. 10 (15.05.2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0001012144.20361.79.
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Within the thorax, a myriad of entities can demonstrate increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) concentration; the goal of this article is to review benign pleural and chest wall entities that may mimic thoracic malignancy on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. In addition, the article will review how clinical history, anatomic correlation, and imaging features can assist accurate identification of these thoracic malignancy mimickers. This review is divided into two parts: part 1 covers the pleura and chest wall; part 2 will cover lung parenchyma and mediastinum.
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Khalili, Mitra, Sanaz Amindeldar und Houriye Mashhadibagher Moakhar. „Reusing Plastic Bottles in Energy-Saving Design and Construction“. Advanced Materials Research 689 (Mai 2013): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.316.
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This paper investigates the use of irresolvable and permanent garbage in environment to build an energy saving wall in cold and hot climatic conditions. The wall is mainly constructed from plastic bottles which provide lightness. The bottles, filled with water to store solar energy, are confined between two walls and able to provide wall stability. Transparent twin wall poly carbonate sheets have been selected as the external surface in order to let the bottles receive solar energy. The inner layer is opaque and fire resistant. A tarpaulin with a reflective inner face is used to prevent heat loss during cold and heat conditions. As the empirical results of the built sample (45 * 65 cm) indicate, in cold season, the wall stores the solar energy during the day and transfers the heat indoors (by conduction) at nights, when the tarpaulin covers the exterior. In hot season, the tarpaulin protects the wall from sunlight during the day. At night the wall transfers the heat outdoors in the absence of the tarpaulin. A comparison of the alternative wall with similar kinds of contemporary construction walls addresses it considerably light.
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Santosa ; Anastasia Maurina, Vivi Yani. „KNOCK DOWN BAMBOO WALL PANEL“. Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 2, Nr. 02 (04.06.2018): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v2i02.2926.214-231.
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Abstract - Indonesia often experiences natural disasters, therefore a transitional residential building is needed forvictims who are able to build quickly and easily in mobilization. Bamboo is a local material that exists in Indonesiaand has a high sustainability to be used as building materials. The appropriate principle between thecharacteristics of bamboo and the needs of transitional buildings where used as wall materials. The knock downbamboo wall panel is the answer of the need for fast and easy work in mobilization.The research method used isqualitative descriptive of two study object and design experiment of prototype 1: 1 . Researchers will conduct astudy of bamboo walls on two study objects Blooming Bamboo Home dan Soe Ker Tie House, also meetings ofany deficiencies and advantages from aspects of form, function and context, and construction. Forms includematerial used, basic dimensional modules, wall weight, and the ability to re-modify walls. Functions and Contextsinclude the space privacy, resistance, and behavior of walls against wind, solar heat, lighting, and rain.Construction covers the way of bamboo processing into wall panels, connection systems, and can be donemassively by the crowd. Potential bamboo wall variants to be explored will be evaluated and developed for thebetter and new alternative of other wall panels also considered.The most efficient bamboo knock down panels arebamboo slats and woven bamboo booths as massive walls, woven bamboo and bamboo modified blades I as semiopen walls, modified bamboo blades II and polikarbonate as open walls. The most appropriate connection systemused in knock down bamboo wall panels is the gypsum screw connection for bamboo wall panel frame joints, boltnuts and iron plates for knock down bamboo wall panel connections with structures and connections betweenwall panels.Keywords : Knock down, Bamboo, Sustainable, Wall panel
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Wiriadidjaja, Surjatin, Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie, Fairuz Izzuddin Romli und Omar Kassim Ariff. „Aerodynamic Interference Correction Methods Case: Subsonic Closed Wind Tunnels“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.60.
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The approach to problems of wall interference in wind tunnel testing is generally based on the so-called classical method, which covers the wall interference experienced by a simple small model or the neo-classical method that contains some improvements as such that it can be applied to larger models. Both methods are analytical techniques offering solutions of the subsonic potential equation of the wall interference flow field. Since an accurate description of wind tunnel test data is only possible if the wall interference phenomena are fully understood, uncounted subsequent efforts have been spent by many researchers to improve the limitation of the classical methods by applying new techniques and advanced methods. However, the problem of wall interference has remained a lasting concern to aerodynamicists and it continues to be a field of active research until the present. The main objective of this paper is to present an improved classical method of the wall interference assessment in rectangular subsonic wind tunnel with solid-walls.
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Raptis, C., A. Savidou und P. Kritidis. „A Study of Cover Materials Which Influence Rn222 Exhalation Indoors“. HNPS Proceedings 7 (05.12.2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2416.
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The wall covers can decrease or increase the radon exhalation; this depends on whether the material acts mostly as a sealer against radon exhalation or as a source of radon. This work is a study of different kind of wall covers which influence radon exhalation from surfaces of building materials. The experimental data are in good agreement with the evaluations according to the theory of radon diffusion through porous materials.
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Storozum, Michael, Dan Golan, Ido Wachtel, Zhidong Zhang, Johannes S. Lotze und Gideon Shelach-Lavi. „Mapping the Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia: A Multi-Method Approach“. Land 10, Nr. 10 (23.09.2021): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10100997.
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The Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia is one of the longest wall systems in the world, but its specific chronology, function, and purpose remain ambiguous. Constructed at various points throughout the 10th to 13th centuries CE, this network of walls, forts, and enclosures covers an estimated 4000 km and spans a wide range of ecozones, from the deserts of western China to the steppes of northern Mongolia and the Khingan mountain range. In this article we used historical atlases, topographic maps, and an array of different kinds of data derived from satellite remote sensing, to produce one of the first accurate maps of the Medieval Wall System. Through this large-scale mapping program, we are now able to evaluate previous work that estimates the length of the wall system and different areas of construction. By measuring the structures associated with the wall and the length of the wall itself, we identified at least three different areas of construction along the Medieval Wall System. Future studies may be able to use similar tools to develop more accurate maps of other wall systems throughout Eurasia to further advance the comparative study of ancient wall systems.
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Hahn, Marvin Anas, und Danilo Lewański. „Wall-crossing and recursion formulae for tropical Jucys covers“. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 373, Nr. 7 (27.03.2020): 4685–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/8006.
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Agrevi, Maria. „The Byzantine wall-paintings in the church of Saint Theodore at Platanos, Kynouria (Arcadia)“. Zograf, Nr. 39 (2015): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog1539091a.
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The church of St Theodore (also known as "Sts Theodoroi") at Platanos, Kynouria, is a single-nave building of small dimensions. The interior surfaces of its walls preserve their Byzantine paintings, which are partially visible under the coat of plaster that covers most of them. The paintings exhibit affinity with wall-paintings of churches in the Peloponnese (neighbouring Laconia included), and can be dated to the last quarter of the thirteenth century.
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Crippa, Julianna, Letícia Cavassin Boeing, Ana Paula Angonese Caparelli, Marienne do Rocio de Mello Maron da Costa, Sergio Scheer, Aline Medeiros Ferreira Araujo und Diogo Bem. „A BIM–LCA integration technique to embodied carbon estimation applied on wall systems in Brazil“. Built Environment Project and Asset Management 8, Nr. 5 (12.11.2018): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-10-2017-0093.
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Purpose Aiming to simplify the extraction of embodied carbon data using a building information modeling (BIM) software, the purpose of this paper is to present a framework that integrates BIM and life cycle assessment (LCA), which are useful to the architecture, engineer and construction (AEC) industry. As a further purpose, this study also tests four different wall systems. Design/methodology/approach The study applies design science research and it presents a framework that integrates BIM and LCA. For analysis and validation, a case study features four different wall systems costs based on the Brazilian context. In the proposed framework, SimaPro8 accomplishes the LCA, while ArchiCAD 19 the modeling. Findings The first analysis covers embodied carbon and the second covers the total cost of each m² of wall. The proposed framework performs well, and it is effective in the Brazilian context. Concerning the walls, the wood frame system is the most sustainable option within this analysis and the most financially feasible option in Brazil. Originality/value The present study contributes to embodied carbon data analysis, ensuring that the best choice of elements and components is being used in the building project. This BIM–LCA integrated solution is valuable not only to the AEC industry and to professionals, but also to future researchers. This analysis is of great value to new ventures, since the society shows a great concern about reducing GHGs emissions.
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Sylvestre, AM, MJ Weinstein, CA Popovitch und DJ Brockman. „The sartorius muscle flap in the cat: an anatomic study and two case reports“. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 33, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-33-1-91.
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The sartorius muscle in the cat is a broad, sheet-like muscle which covers the craniomedial aspect of the thigh. The major portion of the blood supply arises from the proximal pole of the muscle. A single sartorius muscle can be positioned over the abdomen in a transverse manner along the pubis, to cover the entire (i.e., left and right sides) caudal 30% of the abdomen. It also can be extended in a cranial-to-caudal fashion where it covers approximately 80% of the length and 75% of the width of the ipsilateral abdomen. The sartorius muscle flap is easy to harvest and provides good coverage for defects of the caudal abdominal wall. This muscle flap was used successfully in two feline patients.
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Yeo, K. S. „The hydrodynamic stability of boundary-layer flow over a class of anisotropic compliant walls“. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 220 (November 1990): 125–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090003214.
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This paper examines the linear stability of zero-pressure-gradient boundary-layer flow over a class of anisotropically responding compliant walls. The anisotropic wall behaviour is derived from a material anisotropy which is characterized by relatively high tensile and compressive strength along a certain direction, termed the fibre axis. When the material stiffness along the fibre axis is sufficiently high, the resulting correlation between the horizontal and the vertical components of wall displacement induces at the flow–wall interface a Reynolds shear stress of a sign that is predetermined by the angle with which the fibre axis makes with the direction of the flow. The notion that anisotropic surface response could be employed to produce turbulent Reynolds shear stresses of predetermined sign at a surface was first explored by Grosskreutz (1971) in an experimental study on turbulent drag reduction. The present paper examines the implications of this interesting idea in the context of two-dimensional flow stability over anisotropic compliant walls. The study covers single- and two-layer compliant walls using the methodology described in Yeo (1988). The effects of wall anisotropy, as determined by the orientation of the fibre axis and the material stiffness along the fibre axis, on flow stability are examined for a variety of walls. The potential of some anisotropic compliant walls for delaying laminar–turbulent transition is investigated, and the contribution of the anisotropy to transition delay is appraised.
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Djerić, D., und D. Savić. „Anatomical characteristics of the fossula fenestrae vestibuli“. Journal of Laryngology & Otology 101, Nr. 5 (Mai 1987): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510010194x.
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AbstractAnatomical characteristics of the fossula fenestrae vestibuli were tested and analysed precisely on 200 samples of temporal bones. The fossula is usually ovoid and shallow but can be, exceptionally, elongated, narrow and deep. It is surrounded by four walls. In 45.5 per cent of cases the upper wall is formed only by the facial canal and in 54.5 per cent of cases a bony lamella is found beneath the facial canal; the promontory forms the lower wall; the front wall is formed by the bony lamella and part of the processus cochleariformis; the back wall is clearly defined in only 22.8 per cent of cases and is formed by the bony lamella of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity. In 13.2 per cent of cases the floor of the fossula partially covers the prominence of the facial canal and in two per cent the eminentia pyramidalis. Bony recesses in this region occur fairly frequently: sinus subfacialis in 60 per cent, sinus retrofenestralis in 77.2 per cent, and sinus subrostralis in 25 per cent of the cases. These anatomical variations can influence the result of surgical intervention.
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Fernández-Nogueira, David, und Eduardo Corbelle-Rico. „Land Use Changes in Iberian Peninsula 1990–2012“. Land 7, Nr. 3 (20.08.2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7030099.
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This work aims to provide a comprehensive, wall-to-wall analysis of land use/cover changes in the continental areas of Portugal and Spain between 1990 and 2012. This overall objective is developed into two main research questions: (1) Whether differences between the extent and prevalence of changes exist between both countries and (2) which are the hotspots of change (areas where a given land use/cover transition dominates the landscape) in each country. We used Corine Land Cover in three different points in time (1990, 2000, 2012) to explore eight characteristic land cover transitions and carried out a cluster analysis at LAU2 level (municipalities in Spain, parishes in Portugal) that allowed to identify the areas in which each transition was dominant. The main findings include the decline of agricultural area and the increase of urbanized and artificial covers in both countries, but different trends followed by forest cover, with an increase in Spain and a decrease in Portugal. At the same time, the spatial analysis provided an overview of the main gradients of change related to tensions between agricultural intensification–extensification, on the one hand, and deforestation–afforestation, on the other.
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Panda, H. S., und S. Ghosh Moulic. „An analytical solution for natural convective gas microflow in a tall vertical enclosure“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, Nr. 1 (11.06.2010): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1768.
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An analytical solution for buoyancy-induced gas microflow in a tall differentially heated enclosure with isothermal vertical walls is presented. The Navier—Stokes system has been solved. The Boussinesq approximation has been employed. Wall—fluid interactions are modelled by first-order velocity slip and temperature jump conditions. The analysis presented covers continuum to slip-flow regime. A functional form for the Nusselt number has been derived analytically. The results indicate that as the Knudsen number increases, the Nusselt number decreases.
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Brzezińska, Karolina, und Andrzej Szychowski. „The influence of rotational flexibility of beam-column connection on roof plane rigidity of energy-active cover of frame-purlin hall“. Budownictwo i Architektura 12, Nr. 2 (11.06.2013): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2130.
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The paper analyses the influence of the rotational flexibility of beam-column connection on the roof plane rigidity of the longitudinally braced frame-purlin cover of the solid wall hall. The cover is adapted to obtain thermal energy from solar radiation. The roof cover is then provided in the form of a transparent glass barrier which requires considerable roof plane rigidity. The analysis aimed to compare the roof plane rigidity of the frame-purlin cover to those of space structures and truss-purlin covers, depending on the type of longitudinal bracing and rotational rigidity of the beam-column connection. The investigations were conducted for three types of roof plane bracing and different rigidity indexes of the beam-column connection (from u=0 – pin connection, through u=0.25; 0.5; 0.75 – semi-rigid connection, to u=1 – rigid connection). In the transfer of horizontal forces, the interaction of the rigidity of frames with flexible nodes (beam-column) with longitudinal roof plane bracings supported by lateral bracings of gable walls was observed. The highest roof plane rigidity was demonstrated by 2X-shaped and K-shaped braces with rigid nodes at frame corners.
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Lima, Carol, Dena Abuelroos, Luke Odisho, Nathan Kolderman, David Lin, Kiran Nandalur, Megan Moore und Sayf Al-Katib. „Common and Uncommon Mimics of Thoracic Malignancy on PET/CT: Part 2—Pearls and Pitfalls of Lung Parenchyma and Mediastinum“. Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 47, Nr. 11 (31.05.2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0001016216.86169.31.
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In the thorax, there are multiple benign entities that may demonstrate hypermetabolism of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) leading to false-positive interpretation. Part 2 of this article aims to provide an overview of some benign thoracic entities that may mimic malignancy on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the lung parenchyma and mediastinum. Clinical history, anatomical correlation, and imaging features can help in narrowing the differential diagnosis. This review is divided into two parts: part 1 covers the pleura and chest wall; part 2 will cover lung parenchyma and mediastinum.
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SCHULTZ, M. P., und K. A. FLACK. „The rough-wall turbulent boundary layer from the hydraulically smooth to the fully rough regime“. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 580 (21.05.2007): 381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007005502.
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Turbulence measurements for rough-wall boundary layers are presented and compared to those for a smooth wall. The rough-wall experiments were made on a three-dimensional rough surface geometrically similar to the honed pipe roughness used by Shockling, Allen & Smits (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 564, 2006, p. 267). The present work covers a wide Reynolds-number range (Reθ = 2180–27 100), spanning the hydraulically smooth to the fully rough flow regimes for a single surface, while maintaining a roughness height that is a small fraction of the boundary-layer thickness. In this investigation, the root-mean-square roughness height was at least three orders of magnitude smaller than the boundary-layer thickness, and the Kármán number (δ+), typifying the ratio of the largest to the smallest turbulent scales in the flow, was as high as 10100. The mean velocity profiles for the rough and smooth walls show remarkable similarity in the outer layer using velocity-defect scaling. The Reynolds stresses and higher-order turbulence statistics also show excellent agreement in the outer layer. The results lend strong support to the concept of outer layer similarity for rough walls in which there is a large separation between the roughness length scale and the largest turbulence scales in the flow.
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Yokell, Stanley. „Appropriate Correlations for Assessing Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Strength“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, Nr. 3 (01.08.2004): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767176.
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This paper advocates correlating rolling torque or hydraulic expanding pressure with shear load strength instead of percent wall reduction as the criterion of expanding adequacy for thin-walled tubes. It compares magnitudes of measurements required to estimate wall reduction with cumulative hole-drilling and tube-manufacturing tolerances and graphically illustrates data scatter increase with ratio of tube diameter to wall thickness. As background it discusses expanding theory. It covers hydraulic, roller and hybrid expanding. It describes appropriate annular groove widths for hydraulic and hybrid expanding and concludes with comments on tube rolling procedure specifications and recommendations for two-stage and hybrid expanding.
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Yulianti, Elisa Tri, und Arum Siwiendrayanti. „Relationship between Risk Factors for Dug Well Contamination with Total Coliform Counts in Dug Well Water“. Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 21, Nr. 1 (17.01.2024): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v21i1.103-111.
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Dug well water can be a source of disease transmission if contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. Many people in Purworejo Regency still use dug wells as a source of drinking water. This secondary data study aims to determine the risk factors associated with total coliform counts in dug well water in the working area of the Purworejo District Health Office in 2022. Cross sectional research design and data analysis techniques chi square test with fisher alternative test. The population was 61 dug wells that had been carried out Environmental Health Inspections on Household Drinking Water Quality Study data and a sample of 53 dug wells. The research was conducted in August-October 2022. The results showed an association between the risk factors of well wall condition (p value = 0.041) and well cover (p value = 0.048) to the total number of dug well coliforms. It is recommended to the local community to improve the physical condition of dug wells, especially well walls and well covers so that contaminating substances from outside the well do not enter and contaminate dug well water.
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Raha, Krishnendu, und K. P. Ray. „Through Wall Imaging Radar Antenna with a Focus on Opening New Research Avenues“. Defence Science Journal 71, Nr. 5 (02.09.2021): 670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.16592.
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This review paper is an effort to develop insight into the development in antennas for through wall imaging radar application. Review on literature on antennas for use in through wall imaging radar, fulfilling one or more requirements/specifications such as ultrawide bandwidth, stable and high gain, stable unidirectional radiation pattern, wide scanning angle, compactness ensuring portability and facilitating real-time efficient and simple imaging is presented. The review covers variants of Vivaldi, Bow tie, Horn, Spiral, Patch and Magneto-electric dipole antennas demonstrated as suitable antennas for the through wall imaging radar application. With an aim to open new research avenues for making better through wall imaging radar antenna, review on relevant compressive reflector antennas, surface integrated waveguide antennas, plasma antennas, metamaterial antennas and single frequency dynamically configurable meta-surface antennas are incorporated. The review paper brings out possibilities of designing an optimum through wall imaging radar antenna and prospects of future research on the antenna to improve radiation pattern and facilitate overall simple and efficient imaging by the through wall imaging radar.
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Homicz, G. F., und N. Gerber. „Numerical Model for Fluid Spin-Up From Rest in a Partially Filled Cylinder“. Journal of Fluids Engineering 109, Nr. 2 (01.06.1987): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242643.
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A numerical investigation is presented for the axisymmetric spin-up of fluid in a partially filled cylindrical cavity. It is an extension of earlier analyses to those cases where the liquid free surface intersects one or both endwalls. Previous models of the laminar Ekman layer pumping are modified heuristically for situations where the layer(s) no longer covers the entire wall. Numerical results for a range of Reynolds number, Froude number, and fill ratio have been obtained. They clearly demonstrae that it is the bottom wall Ekman layer which is primarily responsible for spin-up.
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Kudryavtsev, Sergey, Alexey Kazharsky, Arkades Yedigaryan, Elena Goncharova, Leonid Yedigaryan, Semen Bugunov und Evgeniya Pogulyaeva. „Geotechnical justification and monitoring of subterranean parking construction in Khabarovsk City“. MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303039.
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The paper covers some results of the geotechnical justification and monitoring of a two-level subterranean automobile parking in the soil conditions of the Khabarovsk City. The construction project is modelled as far as the earth excavation and measuring the horizontal deformations of the pile shoring. The results of a geotechnical monitoring beyond the retaining wall and buildings of the surrounding development are offered. On the basis of the results some preventive measures necessary in the construction process are taken including reinforcement designs of the retaining wall and the residential unit subfoundations.
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Gauthier, F., M. Montagnat, J. Weiss, M. Allard und B. Hétu. „Ice cascade growth and decay: a thermodynamic approach“. Journal of Glaciology 59, Nr. 215 (2013): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j206.
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AbstractThe ice volume evolution of a frozen waterfall (or ice cascade) was studied using a thermodynamic model. The model was developed from meteorological data collected in the vicinity of the waterfall and validated from ice volume measurements estimated from terrestrial lidar images. The ice cascade forms over a 45 m high rock wall located in northern Gaspésie, Québec, Canada. Two stages of formation were identified. During the first stage, the growth is mainly controlled by air convection around the flowing and free-falling water. The ice cascade growth rate increases with decreasing air temperature below 0°C and when the water flow reaches its lowest level. During the second stage, the ice cascade covers the entire rock-wall surface, water flow is isolated from the outside environment and ice volume increases asymptotically. Heat is evacuated from the water flow through the ice cover by conduction. The growth is controlled mainly by the conductive heat loss through the ice cover but also by the longwave radiation emitted at the ice surface during the night. In spring, melting of the ice cascade is dependent on the air convection over the ice surface but also on the sensible heat carried by the increasing water flow and the solar radiation received during the day.
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Hwang, G. J., und F. C. Chou. „Effect of Wall Conduction on Combined Free and Forced Laminar Convection in Horizontal Rectangular Channels“. Journal of Heat Transfer 109, Nr. 4 (01.11.1987): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3248206.
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This paper presents a numerical study of the effect of peripheral wall conduction on combined free and forced laminar convection in hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow in horizontal rectangular channels with uniform heat input axially, In addition to the Prandtl number, the Grashof number Gr+, and the aspect ratio γ, a parameter Kp indicating the significance of wall conduction plays an important role in heat transfer. A finite-difference method utilizing a power-law scheme is employed to solve the system of governing partial differential equations coupled with the equation for wall conduction. The numerical solution covers the parameters: Pr = 7.2 and 0.73, γ = 0.5, 1, and 2, Kp = 10−4–104, and Gr+ = 0–1.37×105. The flow patterns and isotherms, the wall temperature distribution, the friction factor, and the Nusselt number are presented. The results show a significant effect of the conduction parameter Kp.
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Fedosov, Sergey V., Pavel A. Mureev, Vitaliy G. Kotlov, Aleksandr N. Makarov und Andrey V. Ivanov. „AUTOMATION OF THERMOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES SAMPLES EXTERIOR WALL FENCES“. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 14, Nr. 2 (29.06.2018): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2018-14-2-65-77.
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The paper under discussion covers the area of civil engineering and deals with the object of thermal conductivity of exterior walls. The key idea is to present an automated laboratory complex. This complex can produce continuous monitoring of temperature changes over all wall thickness for a long time. For this, thermocouples are placed in each sample at different depths. A special device records temperature data. Further, the data through the interface adapter enters the computer. The continuously incoming information is generated in the database. After that, they are processed in the form of tables and graphs. With the help of the installation, various building materials for exterior walls, which are represented by enterprises of the Republic of Mari El, are examined. To process and analyze the data obtained, a mathematical algorithm was developed. With his help, a computer program written. She made the data processing very simple. Thanks to the received data, new design solutions for exterior walls were proposed. Two physical effects were also discovered. This complex is designed for research work. The development was presented at various international exhibitions of innovations and inventions. Research on this topic are important for the construction and production branches of the Republic of Mari El. The material presented can open new prospects for further research. this material to be interesting to those who work in the field of structural engineering and architecture
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Nayaki, V. P. M. Senthil, S. Saravanan, X. D. Niu und P. Kandaswamy. „Natural Convection Cooling of an Array of Flush Mounted Discrete Heaters Inside a 3D Cavity“. Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 9, Nr. 3 (17.01.2017): 698–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.2015.m1245.
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AbstractAn investigation of natural convective flow and heat transfer inside a three dimensional rectangular cavity containing an array of discrete heat sources is carried out. The array consists of a row and columnwise regular arrangement of identical square shaped isoflux discrete heaters and is flush mounted on a vertical wall of the cavity. A symmetrical isothermal sink condition is maintained by cooling the cavity uniformly from either the opposite wall or the side walls or the top and bottom walls. The other walls of the cavity are maintained adiabatic. A finite volume method based on the SIMPLE algorithm and the power law scheme is used to solve the conservation equations. The parametric study covers the influence of pertinent parameters such as the Rayleigh number, the Prandtl number, side aspect ratio of the cavity and cavity heater ratio. A detailed fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for the three cases are reported in terms of isothermal and velocity vector plots and Nusselt numbers. In general it is found that the overall heat transfer rate within the cavity for Ra=107 is maximum when the side aspect ratio of the cavity lies between 1.5 and 2. A more complex and peculiar flow pattern is observed in the presence of top and bottom cold walls which in turn introduces hot spots on the adiabatic walls. Their location and size are highly sensitive to the side aspect ratio of the cavity and hence offers more effective ways for passive heat removal.
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Panov, Yevhen, Mykhailo Bozhenko und Mykhailo Korzhyk. „Indirect determination of the melting temperature in aluminum scrap furnaces“. Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283520.
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Based on the analysis of literary sources, it is shown that the production of secondary non-ferrous metals, and aluminum in particular, is very efficient since the costs of raw materials and materials for their production are much lower than for the production of primary metals. For the production of 1 ton of secondary aluminum, of which about 100,000 tons are produced in Ukraine, about 2,000 kWh of electrical energy is consumed, which is 7-9 times less than for the production of aluminum by the electrolytic method. At the same time, emissions of hydrogen fluoride and resinous substances into the atmosphere, which occur during the production of primary aluminum, are virtually eliminated. Furnaces heated by the burning of gaseous or liquid fuel, as well as furnaces with electric heating, are used for melting aluminum scrap, curing and processing the obtained aluminum. Previous authors’ research concerned the study of temperature and thermal conditions of operation of a stationary furnace for remelting aluminum scrap with electric and gas heating. The working space of the furnace is made in the form of a lined rectangular chamber with a floor, side and end walls, and a vault. The chamber has two zones: the lower one, where the aluminum is located after melting the loaded scrap, and the upper one (without melt). According to the technology, aluminum scrap is first loaded into the furnace through open prechambers, then external heating devices are turned on and the solid material is heated and melted, and then the molten metal is brought to the required temperature, after which steel and other impurities are removed from the working space through prechambers and perform casting of products. After the aluminum casting is complete, the cycle is repeated. Measurement of the melt temperature is usually carried out by thermocouples placed in stainless steel covers or ceramic covers, which, after melting the aluminum, are inserted into the working space of the furnace through holes in the vault. It is noted that the service life of such thermocouples is quite limited due to the destruction of the stainless steel covers upon contact with the melt, and the ceramic covers are quite fragile. That's why a method of an indirect determining the temperature of the melt, which will allow constant control of this temperature and save money on the manufacture of thermocouples in covers, was developed. The results of calculation studies on the determination of the heat flux density and the temperature of the outer surfaces of the side and end walls of the furnace for remelting aluminum scrap in the melt temperature range of 670-750 ºС that were performed using the software developed by the authors, are given. The results of calculations for all options with the relevant specified materials and thicknesses of individual layers of fences, heat transfer surface area and melt temperature tm included the heat flow density q, W / m2; wall temperature of the outer surface of the enclosure tw, ºС; temperature difference Δ tw = tm - tw, ºС; coefficient of heat transfer from the aluminum melt to the outer surface of the enclosure km = (q / Δ tw), W / (m2∙K). On the basis of calculated data, an approximating dependence q = f (tw) was obtained, the maximum deviation of which does not exceed 4,6%. The dependence of the wall temperature of the outer surface of the enclosure on the heat transfer coefficient was established, the dependence km = f (tw) was built, and the maximum deviation of the calculated data does not exceed 5,6%. Practical recommendations are provided regarding the operational determination of the temperature of the melt in the furnace in the cycle of melting aluminum scrap, according to which, after melting the aluminum, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the outer surface of the wall tw, ºС, at two or three points, for example, using chromel-alumel thermocouples for this purpose. In the future, it is necessary to determine the heat flow density q, W/m2 and the heat transfer coefficient km, W / (m2∙K) according to the corresponding graphs or the approximate dependencies shown on them. The temperature of the melt in the furnace, ºС, is determined by the equation tm = tw + (q / km). Before pouring aluminum melt from the furnace, it is possible to measure its temperature for a short time with a standard thermocouple in the cover.
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Liu, Han Wu, Lian Dong Huang, Shun Qin Fan und Bo Hu. „Computer Simulation of Filling Process and Temperature Distribution of Oil Pump Cover in Solidification Process“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1894.
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Oil pump cover, as a part of the oil pump, is generally formed by adopting aluminum die casting molding, and required for good internal and external quality. In order to improve the oil pump cover forming quality, the paper first simulates the thermal equilibrium of die-casting mold in the forming process by finite element analysis, and obtains the temperature curves when mold works for 10 consecutive cycles, and determines that the thermal equilibrium temperature of die-casting mold is 260 °C. And then, based on the simulation results of filling and solidification in the forming process by ProCAST software, the shrinkage and cavity appear in the larger wall thickness of the casting. Meanwhile, by simulating the die-casting processes of the oil pump at different pouring temperatures, there are the least of shrinkage and cavity when the pouring temperature setting 640 °C. The results show that: it can take some methods to achieve the progressive solidification, and can reduce or eliminate the possible shrinkage and cavity, such as shortening the distance between sprue, runner and inner runner and die casting to reduce the casting heat loss, or adding cooling system to accelerate the cooling rate in the larger wall thickness of the casting. This analysis provides theoretical basis for the actual casting production of oil pump covers.
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Fujii, Hirokazu. „Large-scale homogeneity in the distribution of quasars in the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall region“. Serbian Astronomical Journal, Nr. 204 (2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj2204029f.
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In light of recent debates on the existence of a gigaparsec-scale structure traced by gamma-ray bursts, namely the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (HCBGW), we revisit large-scale homogeneity in the spatial distribution of quasars. Our volume-limited sample of quasars in the redshift range 1:6 < z ?2:1, which is constructed from the data release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar catalogue, covers about half of the suspected HCBGW region. We analyze the sample in two complementary ways: fractal analysis of determining the average scale of homogeneity and friends- of-friends analysis of identifying specific large-scale structures. The quasar distribution on average reaches homogeneity at rh = 136?38h-1 Mpc and the richness and comoving size frequencies of large (>?150h-1 Mpc) quasar groups are consistent with the prediction of homogeneous distribution. These results put constraints on the spatial extent of the HCBGW but do not contradict its existence since our quasar sample does not cover the entire HCBGW region.
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Thybring, Emil Engelund, Maria Fredriksson, Samuel L. Zelinka und Samuel V. Glass. „Water in Wood: A Review of Current Understanding and Knowledge Gaps“. Forests 13, Nr. 12 (02.12.2022): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122051.
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Wood-water interactions are central to the utilization of wood in our society since water affects many important characteristics of wood. This topic has been investigated for more than a century, but new knowledge continues to be generated as a result of improved experimental and computational methods. This review summarizes our current understanding of the fundamentals of water in wood and highlights significant knowledge gaps. Thus, the focus is not only on what is currently known but equally important, what is yet unknown. The review covers locations of water in wood; phase changes and equilibrium states of water in wood; thermodynamics of sorption; terminology including cell wall water (bound water), capillary water (free water), fiber saturation point, and maximum cell wall moisture content; shrinkage and swelling; sorption hysteresis; transport of water in wood; and kinetics of water vapor sorption in the cell wall.
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Xiao, Xinwen, Andrew A. McCarter und Budugur Lakshminarayana. „Tip Clearance Effects in a Turbine Rotor: Part I—Pressure Field and Loss“. Journal of Turbomachinery 123, Nr. 2 (01.02.2000): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1368365.
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This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effects of the tip clearance flow in an axial turbine rotor. The effects investigated include the distribution and the development of the pressure, the loss, the velocity, and the turbulence fields. These flow fields were measured using the techniques of static pressure taps, rapid response pressure probes, rotating five-hole probes, and Laser Doppler Velocimeter. Part I of this paper covers the loss development through the passage, and the pressure distribution within the passage, on the blade surfaces, on the blade tip, and on the casing wall. Regions with both the lowest pressure and the highest loss indicate the inception and the trace of the tip leakage vortex. The suction effect of the vortex slightly increases the blade loading near the tip clearance region. The relative motion between the turbine blades and the casing wall results in a complicated pressure field in the tip region. The fluid near the casing wall experiences a considerable pressure difference across the tip. The highest total pressure drop and the highest total pressure loss were both observed in the region of the tip leakage vortex, where the loss is nearly twice as high as that near the passage vortex region. However, the passage vortex produces more losses than the tip leakage vortex in total. The development of the loss in turbine rotor is similar to that observed in cascades. Part II of this paper covers the velocity and the turbulence fields.
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Tyler, Seth, und Matthew Hooge. „Comparative morphology of the body wall in flatworms (Platyhelminthes)“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, Nr. 2 (01.02.2004): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-222.
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The soft-bodied nature of the platyhelminths is due largely to the structure of the body wall and its lack of sclerotic elements such as cuticle. Free-living members, i.e., most turbellarians, show considerable variety, but the basic form of the body wall comprises a simple ciliated epithelium overlying a network of muscles. We illustrate this body wall structure in a representative typhloplanoid rhabditophoran and discuss variations in representatives of the Acoela, Catenulida, and other free-living rhabditophorans. The major parasitic groups of platyhelminths, the rhabditophoran Neodermata, follow a developmental pattern that replaces a similar ciliated epidermis in a larval stage with a specialized epidermis called a neodermis, which is assumed to be key to their success as parasites. This neodermis consists of a syncytium that covers the body in a continuous sheet connected to perikarya that lie below the body wall musculature. The neodermis can be seen as a special adaptation of a developmental mechanism common to all platyhelminths, in which epidermal growth and renewal are accomplished by replacement cells originating beneath the body wall. The cell type responsible for all cell renewal, including body wall renewal, in platyhelminths is the neoblast, and its presence may be the one autapomorphic character that unites all taxonomic groups of platyhelminths.
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Flodr, Jakub, Martin Krejsa, David Mikolášek, Oldrich Sucharda und Libor Žídek. „Mathematical Modelling of Thin-Walled Cold-Rolled Cross-Section“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 617 (August 2014): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.617.171.
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The purpose of the paper is to perform a static analysis of a thin-wall cold-rolled steel cross-section of a trapezoidal sheet by means of a mathematical model developed in ANSYS, commercially available software applications. The trapezoidal sheets are used typically as an external cladding which covers the structures of steel halls. Investigating into behaviour of the trapezoidal sheets subjected to extreme loads represents an urgent issue in wind engineering. A physical tension test has been performed in order to verify and confirm the mathematical model. Experiments have been performed to prove results of the static analysis into the behaviour of a load-carrying structure formed by a thin-wall cross-section.
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Předota, Milan, Ivo Nezbeda und Stanislav Pařez. „Coarse-grained potential for interaction with a spherical colloidal particle and planar wall“. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 75, Nr. 5 (2010): 527–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009542.
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An effective coarse-grained interaction potential between a point particle and a spherical colloidal particle with continuously distributed inverse power-law interaction sites is derived. The potential covers all ranges of spherical particle size, from a point particle up to an infinitely large particle forming a planar surface. In the small size limit, the point-to-point interaction is recovered, while in the limit of an infinitely large sphere the potential comes over to the known particle–wall potentials as, e.g., the 9–3 potential in the case of the Lennard–Jones interaction. Correctness and usefulness of the derived potential is exemplified by its application to SPC/E water at a graphite sphere and wall.
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San Clemente, Hélène, Hasan Kolkas, Hervé Canut und Elisabeth Jamet. „Plant Cell Wall Proteomes: The Core of Conserved Protein Families and the Case of Non-Canonical Proteins“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 8 (12.04.2022): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084273.
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Plant cell wall proteins (CWPs) play critical roles during plant development and in response to stresses. Proteomics has revealed their great diversity. With nearly 1000 identified CWPs, the Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall proteome is the best described to date and it covers the main plant organs and cell suspension cultures. Other monocot and dicot plants have been studied as well as bryophytes, such as Physcomitrella patens and Marchantia polymorpha. Although these proteomes were obtained using various flowcharts, they can be searched for the presence of members of a given protein family. Thereby, a core cell wall proteome which does not pretend to be exhaustive, yet could be defined. It comprises: (i) glycoside hydrolases and pectin methyl esterases, (ii) class III peroxidases, (iii) Asp, Ser and Cys proteases, (iv) non-specific lipid transfer proteins, (v) fasciclin arabinogalactan proteins, (vi) purple acid phosphatases and (vii) thaumatins. All the conserved CWP families could represent a set of house-keeping CWPs critical for either the maintenance of the basic cell wall functions, allowing immediate response to environmental stresses or both. Besides, the presence of non-canonical proteins devoid of a predicted signal peptide in cell wall proteomes is discussed in relation to the possible existence of alternative secretion pathways.
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BRUNS, J. M., H. H. FERNHOLZ und P. A. MONKEWITZ. „An experimental investigation of a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer in an ‘S’-shaped duct“. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 393 (25.08.1999): 175–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099005522.
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This paper describes the evolution of an incompressible turbulent boundary layer on the flat wall of an ‘S’-shaped wind tunnel test section under the influence of changing streamwise and spanwise pressure gradients. The unit Reynolds number based on the mean velocity at the entrance of the test section was fixed to 106 m−1, resulting in Reynolds numbers Reδ2, based on the streamwise momentum thickness and the local freestream velocity, between 3.9 and 11 × 103. The particular feature of the experiment is the succession of two opposite changes of core flow direction which causes a sign change of the spanwise pressure gradient accompanied by a reversal of the spanwise velocity component near the wall, i.e. by the formation of so-called cross-over velocity profiles. The aim of the study is to provide new insight into the development of the mean and fluctuating flow field in three-dimensional pressure-driven boundary layers, in particular of the turbulence structure of the near-wall and the cross-over region.Mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and all triple correlations were measured with a newly developed miniature triple-hot-wire probe and a near-wall hot-wire probe which could be rotated and traversed through the test plate. Skin friction measurements were mostly performed with a wall hot-wire probe. The data from single normal wires extend over wall distances of y+ [gsim ] 3 (in wall units), while the triple-wire probe covers the range y+ [gsim ] 30. The data show the behaviour of the mean flow angle near the wall to vary all the way to the wall. Then, to interpret the response of the turbulence to the pressure field, the relevant terms in the Reynolds stress transport equations are evaluated. Finally, an attempt is made to assess the departure of the Reynolds stress profiles from local equilibrium near the wall.
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Nhu, Ha Viet, Binh Van Duong, Tuan Anh Vo und Kien Tran Pham. „Using numerical modeling method for design and constructive controlling of excavation wall in Madison Building, Ho Chi Minh city“. Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, Nr. 3 (30.06.2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(3).03.
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The basement of a high-rise building is the optimal space for technical systems and parking. However, the construction in narrow urban areas usually has many unstable hazards. In this study, a numerical model has been established and calibrated using the finite element method on Plaxis 2D software that allowed well control of the design and construction processes of the Madison Building basement. The model covers all structural elements and complex engineering geology conditions. Displacements of the excavation wall and surrounding ground base subsidence were analyzed corresponding to the constructive phases of three basements. The analysis results of the numerical model were consistent with the actual construction process that is useful for design and constructive controlling of the excavation wall.
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Aieshwarya Pradhan und Sachin Shah. „A Case Report of Spontaneous Gastric Perforation in Newborns“. International Journal of Contemporary Surgery 12, Nr. 1 (23.04.2024): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/pgar4a60.
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Spontaneous gastric perforation is a serious, rare and life threatening condition. Perforation of the stomach is a full thickness injury to the wall of the organ. As the peritoneum completely covers the stomach, perforation of the wall creates a communication between the gastric lumen and the peritoneal cavity. Gastric perforation is caused by three different mechanisms. We report a case of gastric perforation in a Preterm, very low birth weight neonate in our NICU and based on the signs of abdominal distension and increased abdominal girth. Abdomen ultrasonography and Contrast dye study was done which showed perforation, following which exploratory laparotomy was performed and surgical repair was carried out. As it has high mortality rate so its prompt recognition and surgical intervention is utmost necessary
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Luna-Abad, Juan, Francisco Alhama und Antonio Campo. „The use of relative inverse thermal admittance for the characterization and optimization of fin-wall assemblies“. Thermal Science 21, Nr. 1 Part A (2017): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130507138l.
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The concept of relative inverse thermal admittance applied to the convective fin-wall assembly optimization of longitudinal rectangular fins under 2-D heat conduction is presented in this work. Since heat transfer at the fin tip is taken into account, it is not always possible to optimize the above cited geometry. This is relevant in optimization processes and because of this has been displayed in several graphs. Here, different values for convective conditions at the fin and wall surfaces are used and the influence of the hw/hf ratio in optimum geometry is determined. The fin effectiveness is used as the fundamental parameter to prove that the fin is fulfilling the objective of increasing heat dissipation. Once the optimum thickness has been obtained, the Biot number is easily calculated and the fin effectiveness for an isolated fin and the fin-wall assembly can be determined graphically. The optimization process is carried out through a set of universal graphs in which the range of parameters covers most of the practical cases a designer will find. The concept of relative inverse thermal admittance is applied in a general form and emerges as an easy used tool for optimizing fin-wall assemblies.
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Whittier, Dean P., und R. L. Peterson. „The cuticle on Psilotum gametophytes“. Canadian Journal of Botany 73, Nr. 8 (01.08.1995): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-139.
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The surfaces of Psilotum gametophytes from soil and axenic culture were examined with electron microscopy and histochemistry. A lipid layer, which gave a positive reaction for all lipid stains employed, covers the surface of these gametophytes. In apical regions the lipid coating is almost as thick as the wall it coats. The wall was not stained with lipid stains but did stain for polysaccharides, cellulose, pectin, and polyphenols materials. The surface of gemmae from gametophytes grown in axenic culture was examined with electron microscopy. In young areas the lipid was amorphous, but it had a lamellate outer area in older regions of the gemmae. The surface of Psilotum gametophytes range from white in the apical region to dark brown in older areas. The browning of the surface resulted from the incorporation of tanniniferous materials into the surface wall of the older region. The cuticle along with the tanniniferous materials in the wall make the surface of these subterranean gametophytes resistant to decay and may protect them from certain biota in the soil. The cuticle may help these long-lived gametophytes to withstand any periodic drying of the soil. Key words: Psilotum, gametophyte, cuticle.
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Pialucha, T., B. Pavlakovic, D. Alleyne und P. Cawley. „Quantitative measurement of remnant thickness in corrosion under pipe supports“. Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, Nr. 11 (01.11.2020): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.11.642.
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There have been many attempts to quantify the wall loss in corrosion under pipe support (CUPS) applications without lifting the pipe to gain access to the corroded area, but none have yielded satisfactory quantitative results. A new method has been developed to enable quantitative estimation of wall loss in CUPS and other applications where direct access to the affected region is not possible. It uses a combination of the non-dispersive SH0 wave and the dispersive SH1 and potentially higher-order modes propagating around the pipe, both in transmission across the defect and reflection from it. The key feature is the rapid reduction in transmission and increase in reflection when the product of the frequency and the remnant wall thickness under the defect approaches the cut-off frequency of the SH1 or higher-order modes. Initial implementation of the method gives quantitative remnant wall thickness results when the wall loss is up to 50%, with qualitative indications of severity at greater defect depths. Blind trial results on a pipe with six defects show a maximum error in the estimated remaining wall thickness of 0.5 mm. The instrument currently covers pipes in the 6-24 inch diameter range and with 6-12 mm wall thickness. This will shortly be expanded and a similar tool to scan circumferentially around the pipe, transmitting and receiving SH waves in the axial direction, is also being developed. This will enable the same defect to be tested from two directions to further increase confidence in the results.
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Kusumaningrum, Gabriella Ananda Cahyaningtyas, Arif Yusup Ramadhan, Agung Bhakti Utama und Febri Fahmi Hakim. „Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Pemasangan Marmer Metode Basah dan Kering Pada Proyek Masjid di Kota Solo“. Bentang : Jurnal Teoritis dan Terapan Bidang Rekayasa Sipil 11, Nr. 1 (11.01.2023): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/bentang.v11i1.5667.
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Construction work needs to be controlled for its performance through productivity calculations in order to achieve optimal cost and time. Marble covering work has a considerable weight. However, studies discussing the calculation of labor productivity for marble covering work are still few. This study aims to determine the value of productivity, coefficients, and productivity levels of labor (Labor Utilization Rate) in completing the installation of marble coverings using the wet method for floor coverings and the dry method for wall coverings with parallel patterns and diagonal patterns. The study used a work sampling method with a productivity rating approach. Primary data were collected by sampling the volume of marble covers of 482.400 m² and observations on labor groups consisting of craftsmen and helpers in predetermined zones. Furthermore, analysis was carried out using quantitative techniques of parametric inferential statistical type where the data was confirmed to be normally distributed using SPSS software. The results showed that the labor productivity of marble floor coverings was 9.896 m² / day with a coefficient of craftsman and helper of 0.101 each and a Labor Utilization Rate of 58%. Second, the labor productivity of parallel pattern marble wall coverings is 12.589 m²/day with a coefficient of craftsman and helper of 0.159 each and a Labor Utilization Rate of 57%. The labor productivity of diagonal pattern marble wall coverings was 1,549 m²/day with the efficiency of craftsman and helper of 0.646 and the Labor Utilization Rate of 55%, respectively. The results showed that the labor of marble cover work is quite productive because it has a productivity level above 50%.
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Grijalba Bengoetxea, Julio, Alberto Grijalba Bengoetxea und Jairo Rodríguez Andrés. „El tiempo detenido en cuatro miradas“. VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 6, Nr. 1 (30.04.2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2019.10973.
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<p>According to Lessing’s theory, time and space are the concept bases of aesthetics. Architecture belongs to the realm of space, following this theory. There is no unitary discourse that substantiates the presence and the representation of time in Architecture. Our approach in this paper is based on the idea that the attributes of time and its passage, understood in their deep sense, are nothing but an essential issue of Architectural Project. Thus, the construction of our discourse hinges on four gazes to four projects, as defined in the first of “Four Quarters” by T.S. Elliot, published in 1936. The outside wall of the experimental house of Muuratsalo represents the gaze to a previous ruin, confronted with the detained time by the white that covers everything. The fragment of the wall of Sankt Markus, by Björhagen, evokes the lost unity. The courtyard enclosure of the Värmlan Regional Museum is a look in two different times. Finally, the outside wall of the Särestö Museum explores the bond between Architecture and nature throughout time.</p>
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Hwang, G. J., und C. H. Chao. „Heat Transfer Measurement and Analysis for Sintered Porous Channels“. Journal of Heat Transfer 116, Nr. 2 (01.05.1994): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911418.
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This paper presents the results of heat transfer measurement and analysis for two 5×5×1 cm porous channels. The channels were made of sintered bronze beads with two different mean diameters, dp=0.72 and 1.59 mm. The local wall temperature distribution, inlet and outlet pressures and temperatures, and heat transfer coefficients were measured for heat flux of 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 W/cm2 with air velocity ranging from 0.16 to 5 m/s and inlet air pressure of 1~3 atm. The measurement covers the data in both thermal entrance and thermally fully developed regions. The local Nusselt numbers were correlated in the fully developed region. The fully developed Nusselt numbers were analyzed theoretically by using a non-Darcy, two-equation flow model. Heat transfer between the solid and fluid phases was modeled by a relation of the form hloc=ARen. A wall function was introduced to model the transverse thermal dispersion process for the wall effect on the lateral mixing of fluid. The predicted fully developed Nusselt numbers are in good agreement with the measured values.
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Kozlov, A. V., I. V. Chumanov und M. A. Matveeva. „Investigation of the character of change of geometrical dimensions of a tubular billet at its deformation by rolling method“. Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 79, Nr. 11 (19.12.2023): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-11-915-920.
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Obtaining bent pipe bends is an urgent scientific and technical task, for the solution of which it is necessary to determine the influence of the deformation process on the geometric dimensions of the billet. It is especially important to control the thinning of the outer wall of the bend, as this parameter is critical for the service characteristics of the bend. At the Department of Machine Building Technologies, Machine Tools and Instruments of South Ural State University (National Research University) works on studying the process of deformation of a tubular billet by the method of rolling with high tension are carried out. The article covers the influence of this deformation method on the wall thickness of the deformed billet, presents data on the character of wall thickness of a tubular billet when it is deformed by the method of rolling with high tension. The data on wall thickness change were obtained in two ways: computer modeling and measurements of experimental deformed pipe billet were carried out. Modeling was carried out using the software package MSC.Mars. The physical experiment on deformation of the tube billet was carried out on the laboratory installation for obtaining the experimental bent branch by the method of rolling with high tension. For the research work, a welded tube billet made of St2 steel, 57 mm in diameter and 4 mm wall thickness was used. In the course of modeling, calculated data on wall thickness change as a result of deformation into a tube bent branch were obtained. The wall thickness of the experimental bend was measured with an ultrasonic thickness gauge. Comparison of experi-mental data and modeling data showed a data discrepancy of 5–8 %. Such a discrepancy indicates the possibility of using computer modeling to predict the thinning of the outer wall in the process of deformation of pipe bends by rolling with high tension.
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Parker, M. L., J. Hull und R. L. Perry. „Orchard Floor Management Affects Peach Rooting“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, Nr. 6 (November 1993): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.714.
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The root distribution of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven/Halford] as affected by six orchard floor management treatments was evaluated after 3 years of growth. Two treatments were maintained vegetation-free and four had vegetative covers in the alleyway with a 1.2-m-wide herbicide strip in the tree row. The profile wall method was used to determine root distribution. Trees maintained vegetation-free with herbicide had the most roots. Trees in the vegetation-free plots, maintained with herbicide or cultivation, produced more roots 1.2 m from the tree than trees in the vegetative covers. The number of roots, 1.2 m from the tree, was lowest in the tall fescue treatment. The number of roots were higher in the Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) than with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.).
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Zhangabay, Nurlan, Askhat Tagybayev, Islambek Baidilla, Bayan Sapargaliyeva, Bekbulat Shakeshev, Kanat Baibolov, Bolat Duissenbekov et al. „Multilayer External Enclosing Wall Structures with Air Gaps or Channels“. Journal of Composites Science 7, Nr. 5 (10.05.2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7050195.
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Precise meanings of thermophysical processes taking place in air gaps have decisive importance in composite cladding structure systems’ calculation and modeling. The climatic load conditions in Kazakhstan can significantly affect the microclimate of premises in general. In this work, a review study is carried out to obtain the relevant scientific literature on enclosing structures with air gaps under various climatic conditions. The review mainly covers research institutes from Sweden, Norway, France, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and China. On the issue of the air gap parameter’s influence on thermophysical processes, 16 papers were analyzed, and on the issue of air infiltration, 12 papers were analyzed. However, the review shows a lack of research in this area under various climatic conditions. At the same time, experience has shown that the principle of multilayer protection from climatic influences creates a favorable microclimate in buildings, but due to a possible temperature drop, wall structures made of composite building materials can be quite favorable under some conditions, and under others they may be less favorable. Therefore, working out a new energy-saving design with air gaps for climatic conditions with large temperature fluctuations during summer and winter is an urgent task.