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Ouyang, Nan. „Comprehensive Operation Risk Assessment of a Highway Maintenance Area Based on Reliability“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 16 (05.08.2021): 8744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168744.
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To study the influence of various working conditions on traffic safety in the maintenance area of a mountain expressway, 675 groups of PTV VISSIM traffic simulation experiments were designed with various traffic organization modes, traffic volumes, traffic compositions, activity area lengths, and speed limit values. The results show that the activity area length of a closed lane, a compressed lane, and a borrowed opposite lane had no marked influence on the traffic conflicts. There was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of trucks and the number of traffic conflicts, and the number of traffic conflicts increased significantly with an increase in traffic volume. In the closed lane and borrowed opposite lane scenarios, the increase in traffic conflicts was more obvious with the increase in traffic volume. There were obvious differences in the number of traffic conflicts under different forms of traffic organization. The number of conflicts in the compressed lane scenario was the lowest, and in the borrowed opposite lane scenario the number of conflicts was the highest. There was a significant correlation between a decrease in the speed limit and an increase in the number of traffic conflicts. Finally, with traffic volume, truck proportion, and speed limit values as independent variables and reliability as a dependent variable, linear regression equations of reliability were established for three traffic organization scenarios: closed lane, borrowed opposite lane, and compressed lane.
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Xu, Peng, Rengkui Liu, Quanxin Sun und Futian Wang. „A Novel Short-Range Prediction Model for Railway Track Irregularity“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/591490.
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In recent years, with axle loads, train loads, transport volume, and travel speed constantly increasing and railway network steadily lengthening, shortcomings of current maintenance strategies are getting to be noticed from an economical and safety perspective. To overcome the shortcomings, permanent-of-way departments throughout the world have given a considerable attention to an ideal maintenance strategy which is to carry out appropriate maintenances just in time on track locations really requiring maintenance. This strategy is simplified as the condition-based maintenance (CBM) which has attracted attentions of engineers of many industries in the recent 70 years. To implement CBM for track irregularity, there are many issues which need to be addressed. One of them focuses on predicting track irregularity of each day in a future short period. In this paper, based on track irregularity evolution characteristics, a Short-Range Prediction Model was developed to this aim and is abbreviated to TI-SRPM. Performance analysis results for TI-SRPM illustrate that track irregularity amplitude predictions on sampling points by TI-SRPM are very close to their measurements by Track Geometry Car.
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Jung, Haekook, Yongjae Kim, Seungwon Kim, Cheolwoo Park und Jeong-Hee Nam. „Life Extension of Aged Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement through Remodeling Index–Based Analysis“. Materials 13, Nr. 13 (04.07.2020): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132982.
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As jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) age in South Korea, the cost of pavement maintenance is increasing annually. To extend the life of jointed concrete pavements through preventive maintenance, this study used 2017 pavement management system data to analyze the effects of traffic volume, alkali–silica reaction (ASR) grade, age, smoothness, and damaged area on the remodeling index (RMI—a measure of expressway pavement condition). In addition, this study evaluates the final RMI as well as the corresponding pavement condition and change in RMI value after conducting preventive maintenance in lieu of resurfacing or overlaying. The results demonstrated that the effect of ASR grade increased as the RMI forecast year increased and that change in surface distress (△SD) increased with age (most intensively when the pavement was 15–20 years of age). Moreover, change in international roughness index (△IRI) increased with age and traffic volume (similarly within 15–20 years of pavement age). Hence, preventive maintenance is a must for sections with high traffic volume and age even if the RMI is low. Finally, performing repairs through preventive maintenance decreases the number of expressway sections requiring resurfacing and overlaying, thus extending the life of the concrete pavement.
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Hafez, Marwan, Khaled Ksaibati und Rebecca A. Atadero. „Optimizing Expert-Based Decision-Making of Pavement Maintenance using Artificial Neural Networks with Pattern-Recognition Algorithms“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 11 (06.06.2019): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119851085.
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Light pavement rehabilitations and low-cost treatments are extensively employed among transportation agencies on roads with relatively low traffic volumes to optimize available resources. One concern with this approach entails the difficulties of determining the optimal timing for treatment application. Making the best use of limited resources requires improvements in maintenance decision-making for selecting treatments considering all affecting factors and previous experience. This paper presents a machine learning approach in the decision-making process for determining the most appropriate pavement maintenance and rehabilitation alternatives for low-volume paved roads at the network level. Based on regional experts’ recommendations and engineering judgments in Colorado, a wide range of 884 cases of pavement-treatment patterns were generated. Then an artificial neural network (ANN) was trained with pattern-recognition algorithms. Two ANN prediction models were developed on the basis of pavement condition data, represented by six condition indices, and road lengths. The objective of training the models is to evaluate the variability of maintenance practices among five engineering regions within the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). The outcome of this study describes the implementation gaps of pavement-preservation activities among CDOT regions resulting from limited maintenance funding. The regional maintenance selection can be processed by the developed ANN decision-making tool to recommend alternatives from regional recommendations as well as similar applications statewide to fit pavement management needs and expected performance.
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Cabana, Guillermo, Gerard Liautaud und Asif Faiz. „Areawide Performance-Based Rehabilitation and Maintenance Contracts for Low-Volume Roads“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1652, Nr. 1 (Januar 1999): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1652-51.
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Nautiyal, Akhilesh, und Sunil Sharma. „Condition Based Maintenance Planning of low volume rural roads using GIS“. Journal of Cleaner Production 312 (August 2021): 127649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127649.
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Sunitha, V., A. Veeraragavan, Karthik K. Srinivasan und Samson Mathew. „Cluster-Based Pavement Deterioration Models for Low-Volume Rural Roads“. ISRN Civil Engineering 2012 (21.10.2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/565948.
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The management of low-volume rural roads in developing countries presents a range of challenges to road designers and managers. Rural roads comprise over 85 percent of the road network in India. The present study aims at development of deterioration models for the optimum maintenance management of the rural roads under a rural road programme namely Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) in India. Visual condition survey along the selected low-volume rural roads considers parameters like condition of shoulders, drainage features, cross-drainage structures, and camber, and pavement distresses, namely, potholes, crack area, and edge break, are collected for a period of three years. The deterioration models have a significant role in the pavement maintenance management system. However, the performance of a pavement depends on several factors. Cluster analysis can be used to group the pavement sections so that the performance of pavements in different clusters can be studied. Nonhierarchical clustering technique of k-means clustering was considered. Separate deterioration models have been developed for each of the clusters. A comparison of the models developed with and without clustered sections reveals that the clustering of pavement sections are preferred for the efficient rural road maintenance management.
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Li, Ningyuan, Michel Huot und Ralph Haas. „Cost-Effectiveness-Based Priority Programming of Standardized Pavement Maintenance“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1592, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1592-02.
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A new optimization model and priority programming for pavement network maintenance and rehabilitation management are described. The optimization formulation is directed to determining the most cost-effective treatment action plans for preserving the pavement network’s serviceability above a specified level. The priority programming is conducted on a year-by-year basis, whereas a comprehensive prediction model for pavement deterioration versus time is considered. It is governed by traffic volume, pavement performance, a set of designed standard treatment alternatives, and budget limitations for network preservation. Each standardized pavement treatment alternative, including minor and major maintenance and rehabilitation, is defined by its effect on or level of improvement of the existing pavement surface quality and the corresponding costs. The effectiveness is calculated as a yearly product of the area under the performance curve and a minimum acceptable pavement condition index level multiplied by pavement length, traffic volume, and service days. The costs for applying any one of the standardized alternative treatments are expressed on a present worth basis. The prediction for each individual pavement deterioration is modeled as a time-related (nonhomogeneous) Markov transition process, in which pavement structural and functional improvements upon application of a treatment action are considered. The focus is on an integrated approach to pavement network preservation programming through cost-effectiveness analysis and comprehensive performance prediction in combination with standardized pavement treatment strategies. A case study application to a regional asphalt pavement network in Ontario, Canada, illustrates the use of the optimization model. The priority programming is practical and flexible with regard to the size of a road network, and the results of the example run are discussed.
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Jenab, K., K. Rashidi und S. Moslehpour. „An Intelligence-Based Model for Condition Monitoring Using Artificial Neural Networks“. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 9, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2013): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2013100104.
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This paper reports a newly developed Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which takes into account a feature (e.g., vibration signals) from a machine to classify the condition into normal or abnormal. The model can reduce equipment downtime, production loss, and maintenance cost based on a change in equipment condition (e.g., changes in vibration, power usage, operating performance, temperatures, noise levels, chemical composition, debris content, and volume of material). The model can effectively determine the maintenance/service time that leads to a low maintenance cost in comparison to other types of maintenance strategy. Neural Networks tool (NNTool) in Matlab is used to apply the model and an illustrative example is discussed.
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Bach, Patrick, Ulrich Frischknecht, Svenja Klinkowski, Melanie Bungert, Damian Karl, Christian Vollmert, Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Stefanie Lis, Falk Kiefer und Derik Hermann. „Higher Social Rejection Sensitivity in Opioid-Dependent Patients Is Related to Smaller Insula Gray Matter Volume: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study“. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, Nr. 11 (01.11.2019): 1187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz094.
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Abstract Opioid-dependent patients are highly sensitized to negative social feedback, and increased social rejection sensitivity was linked to adverse treatment outcome, but its neurobiological underpinnings have not been understood yet. The present study investigated gray matter (GM) volume differences between 19 opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) patients and 20 healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry. Associations of GM volumes with subjective feelings of exclusion and inclusion during a social ostracism (Cyberball) paradigm, with rejection sensitivity, social interaction anxiety and social phobia were explored. OMT patients displayed smaller GM volume in the bilateral insula and inferior frontal gyri. Psychometric and task data showed that patients reported significantly higher rejection sensitivity, social anxiety and social phobia scores and felt more excluded and less included during the social ostracism paradigm. Smaller GM volume in the insula was associated with higher subjective exclusion, lower subjective inclusion and higher rejection sensitivity, social anxiety and social phobia scores. Findings indicate that structural deficits in emotion- and anxiety-processing brain regions in OMT patients are associated with increased social rejection sensitivity. As social rejection is a potential trigger for relapse, patients might benefit from therapeutic strategies that promote social integration.
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Riordan, Matt M., und Sándor J. Kovács. „Elucidation of spatially distinct compensatory mechanisms in diastole: radial compensation for impaired longitudinal filling in left ventricular hypertrophy“. Journal of Applied Physiology 104, Nr. 2 (Februar 2008): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00848.2007.
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Cardiac output maintenance is so fundamental that, when regional systolic function is impaired, as during ischemia, nonischemic segments compensate by becoming hypercontractile. By analogy, diastolic compensatory mechanisms that maintain filling volume must exist but remain to be fully elucidated. Viewing filling in spatially distinct (longitudinal, radial) mechanistic terms facilitates elucidation of diastolic compensatory mechanisms. Because impairment of longitudinal (long axis) diastolic function (DF) in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is established, we hypothesized that to maintain filling volume, radial (short-axis) filling function would compensate. In 20 normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) subjects (10 with LVH, 10 without LVH), we analyzed longitudinal function via Doppler tissue imaging of mitral annular motion and radial function as change in short-axis endocardial dimension via M-mode. The spatial (long axis, short axis) endocardial LV dimensions and their changes allowed assignment of E-wave filling volume into (cylindrical geometry-based) longitudinal and radial components. Despite indistinguishable ( P = 0.70) E-wave velocity-time integrals (E-wave filling volume surrogate), systolic stroke volumes, and end-diastolic volumes in the LVH and control groups, longitudinal volume in absolute terms and the percent of E-wave volume accommodated longitudinally were reduced in the LVH group ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), whereas the percent of E-wave volume accommodated radially was enhanced ( P < 0.01). We conclude that, in normal LVEF (decreased longitudinal volume accommodation) LVH subjects vs. controls, spatially distinct compensatory mechanisms in diastole manifest as increased radial volume accommodation per unit of E-wave filling volume. Assessment of spatially distinct diastolic compensatory mechanisms in other pathophysiological subsets is warranted.
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Zhou, Dong, Xu Jia, Chuan Lv und Le Kang. „Using the swept volume to verify maintenance space in virtual environment“. Assembly Automation 34, Nr. 2 (01.04.2014): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-04-2013-044.
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Purpose – Maintainability, as an intrinsic property that shows how well a product can be maintained, should be strictly controlled in the design stage. Maintenance space is an important aspect of maintainability and should be verified in the design stage. Methods to verify maintenance space based on expert knowledge or vision cone have been proposed. However, no proper quantitative solutions have been proposed yet to verify maintenance space in the design stage. This paper aims to provide a new method to evaluate quantitatively the maintenance space in a virtual environment by using the swept volume (SV). Design/methodology/approach – An integrated platform for quantitatively evaluating maintenance space in a virtual environment is designed. Virtual reality technology and digital prototype are used to overcome the shortage of physical prototypes in the design stage. SVs are applied to represent the movement of the hand along the entire maintenance process. Maintenance operations are divided into three basic types. Each type of basic operation refers to two quantitative indexes, namely the surface area and the volume of the SV of the maintenance personnel. Data on the indexes are gathered and calculated to evaluate maintenance space. Findings – The proposed methodology can evaluate feasibly and efficiently the maintenance space determined by the layout design of product components in the design stage. Practical implications – Application of the proposed method can help designers reduce the shortness of maintenance space and improve the design layout of products. Originality/value – A method to evaluate maintenance space that employs a quantitative combination of virtual environment and swept volume is pressed.
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Fonville, L., V. Giampietro, S. C. R. Williams, A. Simmons und K. Tchanturia. „Alterations in brain structure in adults with anorexia nervosa and the impact of illness duration“. Psychological Medicine 44, Nr. 9 (27.09.2013): 1965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713002389.
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BackgroundBrain structure alterations have been reported in anorexia nervosa, but findings have been inconsistent. This may be due to inadequate sample size, sample heterogeneity or differences in methodology.MethodHigh resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired of 33 adult participants with anorexia nervosa and 33 healthy participants, the largest study sample to date, in order to assess whole-brain volume, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid, white matter and grey matter volume. Voxel-based morphometry was conducted to assess regional grey matter volume. Levels of depression, anxiety, obsessionality and eating disorder-related symptoms were measured and used to explore correlations with brain structure.ResultsParticipants with anorexia nervosa had smaller brain volumes as well as a global decrease in grey matter volume with ventricular enlargement. Voxel-based morphometry revealed a decrease in grey matter volume spanning across the cerebellum, temporal, frontal and occipital lobes. A correlation was found between grey matter volume loss and duration of illness in the cerebellum and mesencephalon. No correlations were found with clinical measures.ConclusionsFindings are in accordance with several previous studies on brain structure and match functional studies that have assessed the symptomatology of anorexia nervosa, such as body image distortion and cognitive bias to food. The correlation with duration of illness supports the implication of cerebellar atrophy in the maintenance of low weight and disrupted eating behaviour and illustrates its role in the chronic phase of anorexia nervosa. The lack of other correlations suggests that these findings are not related to the presence of co-morbid disorders.
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Haroun, Ahmed E. „Maintenance cost estimation: application of activity-based costing as a fair estimate method“. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 21, Nr. 3 (10.08.2015): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-04-2015-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the use of activity-based costing (ABC) approach as an alternative option to the traditional cost accounting system. The contribution of this study is to demonstrate, through a simple example, the application of that costing system in a service (maintenance) industry, i.e. the paper intended to develop a procedure for a cost model that help in calculating any maintenance job cost, to a reasonable degree of accuracy, based on the actual activities performed. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses a simple example whereby hypothetical activities and cost data of maintaining an injector and a pump, of an internal combustion engine, are used, presented and analyzed based on the use of the developed procedure. Findings – ABC system provides more accurate cost estimates rather than the traditional “order costing” methods that uses unit-level costs which are variable in relation to change in service volume. Traditional cost methods distort the costs by applying overhead uniformly over different jobs of varied complexities and activities scope. On the other hand, ABC is a useful means to distribute the overhead costs in proportion (fairly) to the actual activities performed in a specific job and, hence, enhance the rationality of decision making, i.e. will not distort the accounting information used for cost reduction, pricing, and evaluation matters. The results obtained from the analysis showed that allocating costs to the maintained injector decreased from $83.55 to $71.95 and, finally, to $67.57 when using the workshop-wide, two-stage and ABC overhead allocation methods, respectively; while that of the pump increased from $298.90 to $340.34 and, finally, to $359.48 when using the same three methods, in the same order, respectively. The result is quite fair when considering the complexity of the fuel pump, in terms of design and maintenance, when compared with the injector. Notice that using volume to allocate overhead costs results in over costing high-volume products, e.g. injectors (simple in terms of design and operation) and under costing low-volume products, e.g. pumps (more complex in terms of design and operation). The paper recommends to use ABC as a more accurate and fair method when charging maintenance job orders based on the analysis of costing two maintained items in the same premise while consuming different overhead resources. Practical implications – This study attempts to analyze different methods to calculate a specific corrective maintenance job order. It strives to remedy the drawbacks of the traditional overhead costing of a job order when using principles related to the size of service, such as the direct labor cost/hours, as an allocation base. Consequently, the study proposed a new costing method, i.e. application of ABC. The traditional costing approach is considered by many firms as the best costing method. Nevertheless, it allocates overhead cost over job performed uniformly (equally) not differentiating between the complexity of the job and variety of the activities performed, e.g. using the same allocation base for “oil change” and “fuel pump adjustment” activities. So, ABC prevents cost distortions (unfairness) that could not be prevented by traditional cost accounting system. The author believes that the method presented in this paper will provide a useful management tool for costing maintenance jobs based on the appropriate selected activity drivers in maintenance workshops. The method could be applied for costing maintenance activities in maintenance of all industrial sectors. Originality/value – The use of traditional costing method has proven to be distorted by applying overhead uniformly over different jobs of varied complexities and activities scope. In this paper the authors strive to present an effective costing alternative that outperforms the traditional ones with regard to overhead allocation. The paper aims to find reliable and fair maintenance costing method, i.e. to find out the relationships between maintenance activities and cost drivers. Although, ABC is widely used in manufacturing industry, no application or current research has presented an applicable thorough worked-out example, with the exception, to the author’s knowledge, of one in the aeronautical industry, to implement ABC method in maintenance industry. The importance of using this method comes from the fact that it provides, relatively, accurate and fair maintenance bills that provide customer satisfaction and firm good image. Hence, the paper is relevant in this respect and intended to contribute to the practice of maintenance management.
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Walters, Russell C., und Lifeng Li. „Maintenance of Hypertext-Based Specifications for State Highway Projects“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1861, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1861-14.
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The performance of construction projects heavily depends on how well information is managed. In Iowa the management of this information means locating details and tracking changes in several printed volumes that define design details, material specifications, construction methods, and testing procedures. The details of the development of an electronic reference library (ERL) that provides a virtual library for construction design and management of state highway projects in Iowa are provided. ERL is a large document containing more than 25,000 hyperlinks and is updated and distributed twice a year. The details described include the development of the initial prototype, training of existing staff to maintain an electronic document, and issues related to the production of biannual updates. The major challenges for the development of an ERL include determination of the user interface, document selection, reproduction of accurate content, and maintenance of the electronic version.
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Herrera Galán, Michael. „Evidence-based asset management applied to maintenance function control“. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 25, Nr. 4 (02.10.2019): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-05-2018-0045.
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Purpose Every day a large volume of information is generated in the maintenance department relating to its business assets whose detailed analysis has a direct impact on the effectiveness of the company. Taking into account the aforementioned, it is necessary to develop and implement a set of indicators that allow a practical evaluation of the maintenance function in any firm. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the maintenance function through a thorough analysis of historical data of a biotechnology sector firm. Design/methodology/approach The method used to evaluate the maintenance function of a Cuban company is based on the quantification of a set of indicators, represented graphically. The data processed in this paper were obtained through an informatics application, designed to computerize the maintenance function in the firm. This application is validated and is part of the company quality management system, which is audited every two years by the national regulatory authority CECMED (Centro para el Control Estatal de Medicamentos, Equipos y Dispositivos Médicos de Cuba, by its Spanish acronym), for issuing the certificates of sanitary license and good manufacturing practices. Findings Evidence-based control alternatives were used to evaluate the adequacy of the maintenance function in a biotechnology company. The results demonstrate graphically the maintenance operations of the National Center for Scientific Research, production department, during a period from January 2013 to December 2017. Finally, based on the analysis, it was discovered that the performance of the maintenance department was inadequate and had poor effectiveness, and a new maintenance strategy was established to be followed for the next quinquennium. Originality/value The research proposal provides information on how to evaluate the proactive and reactive maintenance actions through graphical indicators. The results obtained together with traditional maintenance indicators such as availability, maintainability and reliability could be interesting to technicians or engineers who decide to evaluate directly the effectiveness of a maintenance department.
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Cummings, Brian M., Kanakaraju Kaliannan, Phoebe H. Yager und Natan Noviski. „Effect of Transition From a Unit-Based Team to External Transport Team for a Pediatric Critical Care Unit“. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 32, Nr. 10 (10.08.2016): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066616662815.
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Objective: Pediatric hospitals must consider staff, training, and direct costs required to maintain a pediatric specialized transport team, balanced with indirect potential benefits of marketing and referral volume. The effect of transitioning a unit-based transport team to an external service on the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is unknown, but information is needed as hospital systems focus on population management. We examined the impact on PICU transports after transition to an external transport vendor. Methods: Single-center retrospective review performed of PICU admissions, referrals, and transfers during baseline, post-, and maintenance period with a total of 9-year follow-up. Transfer volume was analyzed during pre-, post-, and maintenance phase with descriptive statistics and statistical process control charts from 1999 to 2012. Results: Total PICU admissions increased with an annual growth rate of 3.7%, with mean annual 626 admissions prior to implementation to the mean of 890 admissions at the end of period, P < .001. The proportion of transport to total admissions decreased from 27% to 21%, but mean annual transports were unchanged, 175 to 183, P = .6, and mean referrals were similar, 186 to 203, P = .8. Seasonal changes in transport volume remained as a predominant source of variability. Annual transport refusals increased initially in the postimplementation phase, mean 11 versus 33, P < .03, but similar to baseline in the maintenance phase, mean 20/year, P = .07. Patient refusals were due to bed and staffing constraints, with 7% due to the lack of transport vendor availability. Conclusion: In a transition to a regional transport service, PICU transport volume was maintained in the long-term follow-up and total PICU admissions increased. Further research on the direct and indirect impact of transport regionalization is needed to determine the optimal cost–benefit and quality of care as health-care systems focus on population management.
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Wang, Liang. „Cloud-Based Next-Generation Data Center Design“. Advanced Materials Research 1078 (Dezember 2014): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1078.439.
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With the constant development of computer network technology, more and more enterprises have built their own data center in their networks, through which offers a variety of network applications and services. The increasing business volumes and rich types, as well as the amount and scale of data call for higher requirements in management and maintenance. Thus the traditional data center model can’t meet the demand obviously.
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Li, Lingyu, S. Ilgin Guler und Eric T. Donnell. „Pavement Friction Degradation Based on Pennsylvania Field Test Data“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2639, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2639-02.
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Pavement surface–tire friction is a critical safety element associated with roadway design, construction, and maintenance practices. The skid resistance of pavements generally declines over time and increases the risk of skidding-related crashes. On horizontal curves, lateral friction may be associated with lane-departure incidents, particularly as the pavement ages and drivers demand more lateral friction than the pavement surface–tire interaction can supply. On tangent roadway sections, longitudinal friction affects braking distances. As the skid-resistance properties of a pavement surface decline over time, braking distances increase, and may increase risks to driver safety. A comprehensive understanding of the process of pavement friction degradation could help highway agencies identify roadway segments that need maintenance to reduce the probability of skid-related incidents. This paper presents a survival analysis of friction degradation for asphalt pavement surfaces. Duration models were estimated with data collected annually along an Interstate highway in Pennsylvania to investigate the degradation of friction over time. These models consider traffic volume and roadway features to determine the probability that friction levels will remain above various friction thresholds. The resulting statistical models can help transportation agencies make better decisions about pavement maintenance to reduce safety risk.
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Makendran, C., R. Murugasan und S. Velmurugan. „Performance Prediction Modelling for Flexible Pavement on Low Volume Roads Using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis“. Journal of Applied Mathematics 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/192485.
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Prediction models for low volume village roads in India are developed to evaluate the progression of different types of distress such as roughness, cracking, and potholes. Even though the Government of India is investing huge quantum of money on road construction every year, poor control over the quality of road construction and its subsequent maintenance is leading to the faster road deterioration. In this regard, it is essential that scientific maintenance procedures are to be evolved on the basis of performance of low volume flexible pavements. Considering the above, an attempt has been made in this research endeavor to develop prediction models to understand the progression of roughness, cracking, and potholes in flexible pavements exposed to least or nil routine maintenance. Distress data were collected from the low volume rural roads covering about 173 stretches spread across Tamil Nadu state in India. Based on the above collected data, distress prediction models have been developed using multiple linear regression analysis. Further, the models have been validated using independent field data. It can be concluded that the models developed in this study can serve as useful tools for the practicing engineers maintaining flexible pavements on low volume roads.
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Obaidat, Mohammed Taleb, Turki I. Al-Suleiman und Khalid A. Ghuzlan. „A stereometric knowledge-based system for maintenance of street networks“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, Nr. 2 (01.04.1998): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-084.
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The main objective of this work was to investigate the potential of integrating a stereometric vision system, i.e., using digital stereo images, and a knowledge-based system for flexible pavement distress classification. Classification process includes distress type, severity level, and options for repair. A hybrid stereo vision and knowledge-based system (called K-PAVER) was developed. The system extracts distress measurements using a PC-based stereo vision system. Geometric surface measurements such as point locations, distances, areas, volumes, and surface areas could also be computed. The knowledge-based system developed utilizes a set of if...then rules from the PAVER system (a pavement maintenance management system for roads and streets) and related literatures. New parameters, including shape parameters, orientation, and some geometrical measurements, were introduced to the system in order to facilitate the distress classification process. A criterion for maintenance priorities based on four parameters was developed. These parameters are pavement condition index, average daily traffic, location of distressed pavement, and street class. Surface measurements and automatic classification decision-making were validated and tested for all distress types. The developed system gives accurate results in both the measurement mode and the decision-making phase. This result opens the door for a fully automated distress classification process without any human intervention.Key words: knowledge-based systems, vision systems, stereo measurements, flexible pavement distresses, maintenance priorities, pavement maintenance management systems.
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Virca, Ioan, Viorel Dascălu und Constantin Grigoraş. „Research On Improving The Maintenance Activities For Military Vehicles“. International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, Nr. 3 (01.06.2015): 896–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0152.
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Abstract The current maintenance system, preventively planned and applied to the military equipment according to the necessities, involves the rigorous execution of maintenance operations, which results in high costs and volume of work. These causes generally determine the formality of planned repairs and maintenance, with detrimental effects for the availability of vehicles. Moreover, the constructive-functional level of the current technical systems leads to the reorientation of adopting maintenance strategies that correspond to the availability level of the constructive kits to computerized diagnosis operations, such as the maintenance based on operational reliability. For some types of vehicles, the periodical technical inspection, besides allowing for regular traffic on public roads, can offer significant data for the managerial and technical implementation of the maintenance based on operational reliability within the military units. The paper aims at offering viable and efficient solutions for executing maintenance activities and for making vehicles available by turning to good account the data resulting from the technical diagnosis process, correlated with an optimal management of maintenance.
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Ochoa-García, Santiago A. „Aplicación de una metodología simplificada para estimar las curvas de capacidad de embalses“. Revista de Teledetección, Nr. 58 (21.07.2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2021.15303.
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<p>In the management of the regulation volumes of the water resource projected for a variety of benefits (hydroelectric uses, irrigation, drinking water, among others), it is essential to calculate the morphometric variables of the reservoirs to anticipate changes in their morphology and predict how these changes could affect projected achievement. In this document, taking into consideration the fundamental concepts of Integral Calculus, the development of an innovative methodology is presented to obtain the Cota-Volume and Cota-Area curves in reservoirs; the methodology was formulated in R programming language with the help of geographic information tools. A computational optimization was achieved for the processing of the variables of level, area and volume of a regulation body respect to the use of traditional methodologies. To validate the developed tool, the capacity curves of regulation volume of the Minas - San Francisco reservoir located in the south of the Republic of Ecuador were obtained. This reservoir was designed to dislodge its sediments with washing processes. This fact has motivated the continuous monitoring of the morphological conditions of the reservoir to plan maintenance processes due to the loss of volume and to the deposit of particles from its tributaries. In addition, an analysis based on wavelets curves was applied to the digital elevation models obtained from LiDAR techniques and bathymetric echo sounder to demonstrate the sedimentation processes that occur in this body of regulation.</p>
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Soeleman, Sugiharto, und Gita Fitria. „Biological assets as mudharabah-based loan collateral for smallholder farmers in Indonesia: a feasibility study“. Diponegoro International Journal of Business 3, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dijb.3.1.2020.61-67.
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Lack source of fund is one of the critical issues being faced by smallholder farmers. Despite having teak trees in their yards, such trees as biological assets are not accepted as loan collateral for bank's loan. In average, smallholder farmers fulfil their daily needs by cutting down their teak trees of five years old for sale. This research explored the feasibility of postponing teak harvesting time and analyzed the financial impact. By postponing the harvesting time, it is expected that the growth of the diameter and height of the tree, thus increasing the volume, and the price increases will increase the value of the asset. The method being employed was enterprise budget in which the costs of maintenance, the growth of the trees, and the sales of the harvested trees over time were considered. For the valuation, a profit-sharing as a result of value increases due to harvesting delay is shared between the owner of the asset and the investor through mudharabah financing arrangement. The result suggests that the annual return for the investor (such as a bank) is well above the current interest on a loan, and, therefore, biological assets should be justified as collateral for a bank loan.
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Sakakibara, Akiko, Junya Kusumoto, Shunsuke Sakakibara, Takumi Hasegawa, Masaya Akashi, Tsutomu Minamikawa, Shungo Furudoi, Kazunobu Hashikawa und Takahide Komori. „Long-Term Effects on Volume Change in Musculocutaneous Flaps after Head and Neck Reconstruction“. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 35, Nr. 04 (21.09.2018): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672134.
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Objective Musculocutaneous flap reconstruction surgery is one of the standard procedures following head and neck cancer resection. However, no previous studies have classified flaps in terms of muscle and fat or examined them after long-term follow-up. The purpose of this study was to estimate the fat and muscle volume changes in musculocutaneous flaps during long-term follow-up. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 35 patients after musculocutaneous flap reconstruction. The total, fat, and muscle volumes of the musculocutaneous flaps were measured using 3-dimensional images. Changes in flap volumes over time (1 month, 1 year [POY1], and 5 years [POY5] postoperatively) were assessed. Flap persistence was calculated using flap volumes at 1 month after reconstruction for reference. Results Flap persistence at POY5 was 42.0% in total, 64.1% in fat, and 25.4% in muscle. Muscle persistence was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001). In a multiple regression analysis, decreased body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 5% influenced fat persistence less than muscle persistence at POY1; however, there was no significant difference at POY5. Postoperative radiation therapy was associated with a significant decrease in total flap persistence at POY1 (p = 0.046) and POY5 (p = 0.0097). Muscle persistence significantly decreased at POY5 (p = 0.0108). Age significantly influenced muscle volume at POY1 (p = 0.0072). Conclusion Reconstruction flaps are well-preserved with high fat-to-muscle ratios. Recommendations for weight maintenance are necessary for patients less than 2 years after surgery due to the influence of BMI on fat persistence. Radiation therapy is necessary for some patients based on their disease state. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can be offered to reduce scattering irradiation to normal tissues.
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Шапошников, Yu Shaposhnikov, Орлов und R. Orlov. „MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL CONDITION OF TRANSPORT AND TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINES RUNNING INFORMATION AND TIPS SYSTEM DURING MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR“. Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, Nr. 1 (16.03.2016): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17976.
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The effectiveness of the control of a technical condition of transport and technological machines is achieved by the inclusion of information and advising systems in the process of maintenance and repair process. The completeness of the information on the technical condition of units and systems to determine the need for and volume of maintenance work and repairs. technical state management is based on generalized information on-board computer and diagnostic equipment, its optimization and decision-making.
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Otsubo, Shigeru, Kei Eguchi, Michio Mineshima, Ken Tsuchiya und Kosaku Nitta. „Relationship between Dose of Bolus Dialysate Infusion and Blood Pressure in Intermittent Infusion Hemodiafiltration“. Blood Purification 48, Nr. 1 (2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503892.
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Background: Intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration is a recently developed convective method of renal replacement therapy using cyclic back-filtration infusion. Quick and regular infusion prevents intradialytic hypotension. However, the optimal dose of bolus dialysate infusion required to stabilize blood pressure has not been reported. Here, we investigated the relationship between the dose of bolus dialysate infusion and blood pressure. Summary: A total of 77 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. Dialysate was infused rapidly by backward filtration at a rate of 150 mL/min at 30-min intervals using an automated dialysis machine. The effects with two bolus infusion volumes (100 and 200 mL) were compared, each for an observation period of 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at the start and at the end of each dialysis session, and the highest SBP and lowest SBP measurements were also recorded. Patients were divided according to dry weight into a <52 kg group and a ≥52 kg group, and various parameters were compared between the 100 and 200 mL bolus infusion volumes in each group. Among patients in the <52 kg group, SBP did not vary at any of the time points. However, for patients in the ≥52 kg group, SBP at the end of treatment was significantly lower in the 100-mL group than in the 200-mL group (141 ± 20 vs. 144 ± 21 mm Hg, p = 0.041), and the minimum SBP was also lower in the 100-mL group than in the 200-mL group (127 ± 17 vs. 131 ± 18 mm Hg, p = 0.010). Key Messages: Among patients with a dry weight of ≥52 kg, blood pressure was more stable when a bolus fluid volume of 200 mL was used, compared with a volume of 100 mL. However, for patients with a dry weight of <52 kg, the significance of the difference in bolus fluid volumes disappeared. Thus, the replacement fluid volume might be better determined based on the patient’s dry weight. Trial Registration: UMIN 000028145, Registered July 10, 2017.
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Huang, Chung Neng, Kuo Han Chen und David T. W. Lin. „Development of an Novel Adaptive Suspension System Based on Ball-Screw Mechanism“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (Dezember 2013): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.128.
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For the passive and semi-active suspensions are characterized as with constant parameters which cannot cope with time-variant road conditions, the suspension results are difficult to be satisfied. Although, the active ones are better than previous two on suspension performance, until now which are still far from real application for the drawbacks of complicated structure, large volume, costly, and difficult maintenance. Here, Ball Screw (BS) is with the characteristics of smaller volume, precise positioning, and well handling high-speed forward and backward transmissions. Instead of hydraulic or pneumatic mechanisms used for vehicle suspension, BS is adopted to be the main body of the proposed New Adaptive Suspension System (NASS). Besides, in order to overcome the unavoidable time-delay resulted from mechanical or computational operations, the Kalman filter, integrated with suspension controller, is used to estimate the road conditions. The effectiveness and feasibility of this proposal are confirmed through simulation studies.
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Sun, Peng, Fengkun Cui, Haiyang Qin und Xiaomeng Hou. „Study on Regular Inspection Frequency of Bridge Based on Seismic Vulnerability Analysis“. Shock and Vibration 2018 (05.12.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7157038.
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This study introduces a method to obtain accurate results regarding bridge seismic cost and reduce structural seismic losses. A three-span reinforced concrete (RC) continuous bridges model consistent with the reality was established, and seismic vulnerability of the RC bridge was calculated via incremental dynamic analysis combined with local earthquake disaster data. Direct losses from earthquakes are calculated based on local earthquake damage condition, specific maintenance reinforcement methods, and analysis of seismic vulnerability. The indirect economic losses caused by inspection and maintenance are calculated based on local traffic volume. To reduce the effects of bridge aging and deterioration, this paper examines periodic inspection of bridges after earthquakes. By calculating the life cycle cost of structure under different inspection frequencies, the optimal time interval was determined. The results presented for this study can serve as references for the calculation of structural seismic loss and thereby provide the basis for strategies of reducing seismic loss.
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Bryan, Frank, und Scott Bachman. „Isohaline Salinity Budget of the North Atlantic Salinity Maximum“. Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, Nr. 3 (März 2015): 724–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0172.1.
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AbstractIn this study, the salinity budget of the North Atlantic subtropical salinity maximum region for control volumes bounded by isohaline surfaces is analyzed. The authors provide closed budgets based on output from a high-resolution numerical simulation and partial budgets based on analyses of observational climatologies of hydrography and surface fluxes. With this choice of control volume, advection is eliminated from the instantaneous volume-integrated salt budget, and time-mean advection is eliminated from the budget evaluated from time-averaged data. In this way, the role of irreversible mixing processes in the maintenance and variability of the salinity maximum are more readily revealed. By carrying out the analysis with both near-instantaneous and time-averaged model output, the role of mesoscale eddies in stirring and mixing for this water mass is determined. This study finds that the small-scale mixing acting on enhanced gradients generated by the mesoscale eddies is approximately equal to that acting on the large-scale gradients estimated from climatological-mean conditions. The isohaline salinity budget can be related to water mass transformation rates associated with surface forcing and mixing processes in a straightforward manner. The authors find that the surface net evaporation in the North Atlantic salinity maximum region accounts for a transformation of 7 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of water across the 37-psu isohaline outcrop into the salinity maximum in the simulation, whereas the estimate based on climatological observations is 9 to 10 Sv.
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Kenda, Miha, Damjan Klobčar und Drago Bračun. „Condition based maintenance of the two-beam laser welding in high volume manufacturing of piezoelectric pressure sensor“. Journal of Manufacturing Systems 59 (April 2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.02.007.
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Abdillah, Rifqi Aulia, Sholihin As’ad und Senot Sangadji. „Allocation Priority Determination System for Provincial Bridge Maintenance Fund in Special Region of Yogyakarta By Examining Physical Conditions, Operational Cost and Volume of Traffic“. International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series 2, Nr. 1 (10.12.2017): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v2i1.16732.
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<p class="Abstract">The maintenance of bridges is relatively expensive. Those may lead the maintenance program into a classical problem which is limited of the fund. Therefore, the priority level of bridges maintenance is needed in order to attain an effective and efficient fund usage toward prevalent condition of every bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The objective of this research was to provide the maintenance fund for provincial bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research covered 10 bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The Assessments method for bridge physical condition was based on guide of Bridge Management System (BMS). As the bridge physical condition was known, the maintenance measure and its needed maintenance cost can be determined. The allocation of fund for each bridge was calculated based on Dynamic Programming Method. The result can be draw that by 5 million rupiah the maintenance fund for each of those 10 bridge of Yogyakarta Special Region is 5 million rupiah for Demak Ijo Bridge, 13 million rupiah for Bedingin Bridge, 10 million rupiah for Denggung Bridge, 5 million rupiah for Ngentak Bridge, 5 million rupiah for Karang Semut Bridge, 8 million rupiah for 2rd Kronggahan Bridge, 7 million rupiah for Besi Bridge, 8 million rupiah for Cebongan Bridge, 2 million rupiah for Kembang Songo Bridge, 2 million rupiah for 1st Kronggahan Bridge. Those allocation system provide 78,7% an average percentage on provincial bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta. </p>
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Casadei, Stefano, Silvia Di Francesco, Francesca Giannone und Arnaldo Pierleoni. „Small reservoirs for a sustainable water resources management“. Advances in Geosciences 49 (17.10.2019): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-165-2019.
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Abstract. Small reservoirs are widely used for storing water, especially for irrigation purposes. During the last decades, in Italy many of these reservoirs have been dismissed, becoming an untapped resource. As a matter of fact, maintenance problems connected to these structures together with their natural tendency to silt have favored the use of other water supply resources such as withdrawal from wells. The increase of drought periods and the high water volume demand for agricultural purposes suggest to evaluate a full and rational use of all water resources, leading to a rediscovery and enhancement of untapped resources. Specifically, this research focuses on small reservoirs and on their potential contribution to a sustainable water management in agriculture. Unfortunately, there are no reliable data on their number, spatial distribution and potential storage volume. The aim of this work is to define reservoir spatial distribution and evaluate potential available water volumes. The upper Tiber river basin has been selected as a case study for the methodology proposed. The work starts from the acquisition and re-elaboration of the old census of small reservoirs, evaluating, through GIS and regression techniques, the distribution over the territory and the available volumes. Then the reservoir census and the derived database were updated for the period from 2015 up to 2019 introducing combined computational procedures of remote sensing techniques and GIS, based on satellite images and water index calculation. The results of the semi automatic procedure used show good performance in lake identification, making it a promising tool for a fast and reliable water body identification and evaluation in wide areas.
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Qin, Bonan, Riya Zeng, Xiaoman Li und Jue Yang. „Design and Performance Analysis of the Hydropneumatic Suspension System for a Novel Road-Rail Vehicle“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 5 (03.03.2021): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052221.
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Road-rail vehicles built on traditional vehicle chassis can only switch operation modes at particular areas such as level crossings, thus limiting the working scope and efficiency of routine railway inspection and maintenance. This paper proposes a novel tracked chassis for the road-rail vehicle with a multi-cylinder hydropneumatic suspension system, which can better adapt to rough terrains and enhance the vehicle ride performance. Based on this hydropneumatic suspension design, the single-cylinder mathematical model is derived and validated by experimental data. An in-plane multi-body dynamics (MBD) model and road model are established, combined with the hydropneumatic suspension model, including the LuGre friction force. Virtual tests are conducted to investigate the effects of different initial gas volumes, varied diameters and damping pipe lengths on the ride performance. The results indicate that improper damping pipe diameter and charge gas volume will deteriorate the ride performance, which provides a useful reference for the optimization design and control of the hydropneumatic system.
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Ge, Huimin, Hui Sun und Ying Lu. „Research on Characteristics and Trends of Traffic Flow Based on Mixed Velocity Method and Background Difference Method“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (28.08.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8546479.
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This research is conducted on the characters and trends of traffic flow in highway maintenance work areas under typical maintenance work forms. In order to improve the safety of the highway maintenance work area, a data monitoring method based on the combination of mixed speed measurement and background difference method were developed. During the on-site detection, the starting point of the warning zone, the starting point of the upstream transition zone, the starting point of the working zone, the midpoint of the working zone, and the six speed measurement sections of the working zone were collected at the end point and the end zone. In the video detection, the background subtraction was used, and the morphological denoting method and the connected domain analysis method were used to retain the vehicle foreground. After analyzing the connection domain and removing the wrong target, the vehicle target area is extracted from research. The research finally obtained the traffic flow characteristics of the start point of the warning zone, the start point of the upstream transition zone, the start point of the work zone, the midpoint of the work zone, the end point of the work zone, and the end point of the downstream transition zone. The study also obtained the traffic volume and the change trend of headway. The combination of mixed velocity method and background difference method is helpful for data monitoring in typical highway maintenance work areas. The measured data results are helpful for studying the distribution characteristics and trends of traffic flow in typical highway maintenance work areas.
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Kurosawa, Takuto, Eri Ishizuka, Yasuhiro Oikawa, Minoru Konno, Masatoshi Asakawa und Yuya Suzuki. „Visualization of magnetic field corresponding to acoustic signal and estimation of magnetic source based on symmetry of magnetic field distribution“. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, Nr. 6 (01.08.2021): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1580.
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A magnetic field corresponding to an acoustic signal is generated from an antenna, and by using a coil, can be again converted to an acoustic signal. It is possible to estimate where the invisible antenna is with the distribution of the received signal. The estimation is applied to a maintenance of a gas pipe on the situation that the distance from the entrance to a maintenance area is known, but piping route isn't. It is possible to identify maintenance areas of a gas pipe by inserting the antenna to it. The estimation has been done by listening to the received signal manually. However, it is difficult for people to identify accurate point because the difference in the volume for each places is subtle. To solve this problem, we visualized the distribution of the received signal, and estimated the magnetic field with only the acoustic signal. Then, we proposed a method to calculate where the invisible antenna is automatically by using symmetry of the distribution of the received signal.
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SANTOS, A. B. dos, É. C. DIAS, G. P. C. da SILVA, R. P. RIBEIRO und A. M. SILVA. „OST WATER VOLUME IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM, IN NORTH AND CENTRAL WEST REGION“. Periódico Tchê Química 15, Nr. 30 (20.08.2018): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.501_periodico30_pgs_497_503.pdf.
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Due to the events of the last years, when, mainly the Southeast region of Brazil has experienced one of the worst periods of water shortage, there has been a process of national awareness for the need of care with the quality and quantity of water. Therefore, currently in the national and world scenario is seeking to minimize the waste of water, acting mainly in the water supply systems, which have the highest loss rates of this liquid. In this way, the objective is to determine the volume of water (1000m³/year) wasted in SAA (Water Supply System), based on the amount of water produced and consumed in the North and Central-West region of Brazil and, from this, compare the losses in those regions, for the year 2015. Based on the analysis of the datas, it was verified that the water supply in the North and Central-West regions presented high losses rates, 43% and 37%, respectively. Actions such as maintenance of sanitary fittings and elimination of leaks in the residence, more efficient operation and maintenance of the system and improvement in the commercial management of service providers, are measures to combat and reduce water losses.
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Tom, Joe G., Charles A. Weiss, Philip G. Malone und Andrew Virostek. „Durable Roadside Protective Structures for Low-Volume Roads“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-32.
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Data compilations on accidents nationwide show that 30% of all traffic fatalities and 16% of all injuries occur when a vehicle goes into a ditch or strikes a fixed obstacle on the roadside. Highway traffic barriers and crash cushions are not economical for use on low-volume roads, even though they could be helpful in reducing fatalities and injuries. Sand-filled barrels and metal barriers that undergo controlled deformation are relatively expensive and require significant investments in placement, inspection, maintenance, and repair. A crash cushion design based on scrap tires encased in foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete is being developed and can provide a versatile, low-maintenance safety barrier that is also resistant to vandalism. The composite scrap tire–and–concrete protective barrier uses a skeleton of scrap tires as an attachment point that can serve to lift, place, and anchor a mass of foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete in place on the roadside. The foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete crushes like wood under impact from tools or projectiles, so the modules are difficult to vandalize and can survive scrapes from graders or snow removal equipment. Module array can be developed on the basis of weight distribution in sand-filled barrel arrays. Potential uses for the barrier modules include protection of bridge piers, bridge railings, and obstacles on curves. The durability and economy of these units make them a practical option for use in improving safety on low-volume roads, especially in remote areas.
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Vrkljan, Joso, Miljenko Mustapić und Antun Štimac. „Ekspertni pristup poboljšanju sigurnosti u zonama radova na cesti“. Sigurnost 60, Nr. 3 (04.10.2018): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.60.3.2.
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SUMMARY: An ever-increasing volume of traffic on Croatian roads increases the volume of maintenance work. Road works negatively impact traffic mobility and road user safety, and also safety of the maintenance workers. Improving traffic mobility and safety is the key issue that all interested parties (planning and managing road works and those executing them) should address. Mitigation of negative effects is possible via certain expert system measures. Presented in the paper are the options provided by expert systems implemented in the road work zones as factors for improving road maintenance and safe traffic flow, as well as road workers safety. Introducing relevant data into the data base, an expert system is created providing the driver approaching a road work zone with a number of alternative routes. Also shown is a driving diagram for road work zones with special focus on slowing down speed upon entering the road work zone. The results show that the implementation of expert systems based on relevant data would significantly facilitate traffic management in road work zones and improve the safety of traffic and road workers, as well as the workers' efficacy.
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Yao, Guang Yu, und Lu Song. „Design of the Target Tracking Process Based on DM648“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.904.
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Compared with the traditional vehicle detector, the vehicle detection and tracking based on video image processing and the technique of visual target has fast processing speed, and convenient installation and maintenance, and low cost, wide range of monitoring, can obtain more kinds of traffic parameters, and many other advantages, has become more and more widely used in intelligent transportation system (ITS) in recent years. This paper introduces a method for real-time detection, target tracking in traffic image sequences from a fixed single camera. The System adopts TMS320DM648 as the core processor to implement the real-time target tracking algorithms, mainly complete the effective information real-time display of the software and hardware design of target tracking system, application flexibility, small volume, stable and reliable, it is very practical in practice.
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Xie, Feng. „CaCa: Chinese Remainder Theorem Based Algorithm for Data Aggregation in Internet of Things on Ships“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (Dezember 2014): 1098–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.1098.
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Internet of Things can be used as a key technology or architecture on marine ships for remote equipment maintenance. Data aggregation in Internet of Things is a critical issue for the efficiency of sensing data collection. The volume of sensing data is huge because the number of equipments is large. It is thus mandatory to decrease the communication overhead in data aggregation. In this paper, we propose a Chinese Remainder Theorem based coding algorithm for data aggregation, called CaCa. The communication efficiency is improved by CaCa (at least 90% very likely), which is justified extensively by formal analysis and rigorous proof.
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Li, Ping, Yan Wen Wang und Cong Xu. „Research on Dynamic Measurement System for Bulk Material Based on Machine Vision“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (Januar 2013): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.768.
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In order to improve measurement accuracy and reduce maintenance work of dynamic measurement system, research is proposed on non-contract measurement method based on machine vision. To choose real-time measurement system of mining car as test object, and use binocular vision to calculate 3 D coordinates of contour, and obtain the values of volume and weight with material through operation. Test platform and work flow is designed in detail. A calibration method combined the advantages of optical calibration with camera calibration itself is proposed. To simplify the extraction and matching of feature points through using structured light. Test results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy of dynamic measurement system for bulk material.
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Wei, Zeng Ju, und Tian Ming Yang. „The Research and Design of Miniature Wheat Threshing Machine Based on Direct-Current Motor“. Advanced Materials Research 662 (Februar 2013): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.576.
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Embarking on the need of agriculture yield estimation and yield capacity, and the need of wheat threshing in agricultural colleges and research institutes, this text gives the design of miniature Direct-Current (DC) electric threshing machine using storage battery as power source based on the characteristics of the DC which is easy for storage. At the same time , the threshing machine is driven by a DC motor, considering the field threshing of the yield capacity and the yield estimation and the reality needs of small sample nicety threshing. The device has the advantages of light weight, small volume, simple operation, easy maintenance, convenient carrying.
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Prabhu, S. D., M. M. Rozek, D. R. Murray und G. L. Freeman. „Ryanodine and left ventricular function in intact dogs: dissociation of force-based and velocity-based indexes“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, Nr. 3 (01.09.1997): H1561—H1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.3.h1561.
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After anesthesia and autonomic blockade, nine dogs chronically instrumented with left ventricular (LV) micromanometers and piezoelectric dimension crystals were studied before and after the intravenous administration of 4 micrograms/kg ryanodine, a specific inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel. Ryanodine prolonged LV contraction and relaxation (P < 0.001) without changing heart rate, end-diastolic volume (EDV), or end-systolic pressure. Velocity-dependent mechanical parameters were significantly depressed, including the maximal rate of LV pressure rise (dP/dtmax; P < 0.002), the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (P < 0.002), the slope of the dP/dtmax-EDV relation (P < 0.05), and the time constant of LV relaxation (P < 0.01). In contrast, the slopes of the end-systolic pressure-volume (PES-VES) and stroke work (SW)-EDV relations, both force-based parameters, were increased (P < 0.05) or maintained, respectively. Ryanodine reduced overall LV contractile performance, evidenced by significant rightward shifts of the PES-VES, dP/dtmax-EDV, and SW-EDV relations and reduced SW at constant preload (P < 0.02). Thus, in the closed-chest dog, low-dose ryanodine resulted in 1) generalized slowing of LV mechanical events without changes in heart rate or load, 2) dissociation of velocity-based and force-based measures of LV function, with depression of the former but enhancement or maintenance of the latter, and 3) reduced overall LV inotropic performance. These effects are consistent with ryanodine-induced alterations of the Ca2+ transient and altered sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ availability.
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Benjamin, Carolina, Monica Mureb, Aya Nakamura, Reed Mullen, Donato Pacione, Joshua Silverman und Douglas Kondziolka. „RADI-28. UP-FRONT SINGLE SESSION RADIOSURGERY FOR LARGE BRAIN METASTASES - VOLUMETRIC RESPONSES AND OUTCOMES“. Neuro-Oncology Advances 1, Supplement_1 (August 2019): i27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdz014.120.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Patients presenting with large brain metastases (LBM), described in the literature as ≥2.5 cm in maximum diameter or ≥10cm3in volume, pose a management challenge. For patients not compromised by mass effect, corticosteroid therapy followed by SRS allows for efficient, minimal access care that facilitates immediate institution of systemic therapy. METHODS: We performed a volumetric-based analysis in order to determine the efficacy of single-session SRS in the treatment of LBM in comparison to other treatment modalities. Thirty patients over the age of 18 with systemic cancer and brain metastases (≥2.7cm in greatest diameter or ≥10cm3in volume) who underwent single session SRS were included. Serial tumor volumes, clinical outcomes, and medication requirements were studied. RESULTS: Among 30 patients, 70% of patients had either lung, melanoma, or breast cancer. Median initial tumor size (maximum diameter) was 32mm (range 28–43) and median initial tumor volume was 9.32cm3 (range 1.09–25.31). Median marginal dose was 16Gy (range 12–18). Average percent decrease in tumor volume was 50% on imaging at 4–8 weeks, 60% at 4–6 months, 48% at 6–8 months, and 67% at >8 months compared to initial imaging. Only one patient required a subsequent craniotomy 4 years after SRS for an enlarging cyst which was granulation tissue consistent with radiation effects on pathology. There were no adverse events immediately following SRS. Median corticosteroid use after SRS was 21 days. There was no statistically significant difference in KPS score between treatment day and last follow up, suggesting relative safety and maintenance of function. CONCLUSION: Initial high dose corticosteroid therapy followed by prompt single session SRS is a safe and efficacious method of managing patients with large brain metastases (defined in our study as ≥2.7cm or ≥10cm3), if the clinical condition of the patient is acceptable at presentation.
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Kim, Sangyong, Yoonseok Shin und Gwang-Hee Kim. „Case Study on the Maintenance of a Construction Monitoring Using USN-Based Data Acquisition“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/879308.
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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the adoption of emerging ubiquitous sensor network (USN) technologies for instrumentation within a variety of sustainability systems. USN is emerging as a sensing paradigm that is being newly considered by the sustainability management field as an alternative to traditional tethered monitoring systems. Researchers have been discovering that USN is an exciting technology that should not be viewed simply as a substitute for traditional tethered monitoring systems. In this study, we investigate how a movement monitoring measurement system of a complex building is developed as a research environment for USN and related decision-supportive technologies. To address the apparent danger of building movement, agent-mediated communication concepts have been designed to autonomously manage large volumes of exchanged information. In this study, we additionally detail the design of the proposed system, including its principles, data processing algorithms, system architecture, and user interface specifics. Results of the test and case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the USN-based data acquisition system for real-time monitoring of movement operations.
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Emmett, Michael. „Metabolic Alkalosis“. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15, Nr. 12 (25.06.2020): 1848–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.16041219.
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Metabolic alkalosis is a very commonly encountered acid-base disorder that may be generated by a variety of exogenous and/or endogenous, pathophysiologic mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms are also responsible for the persistence, or maintenance, of metabolic alkalosis. Understanding these generation and maintenance mechanisms helps direct appropriate intervention and correction of this disorder. The framework utilized in this review is based on the ECF volume-centered approach popularized by Donald Seldin and Floyd Rector in the 1970s. Although many subsequent scientific discoveries have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis, that framework continues to be a valuable and relatively straightforward diagnostic and therapeutic model.
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Gorzoni, Vitor Alécio Sevilha, Priscila Pini Pereira, Sandro Rogerio Lautenschlager und Cristhiane Michiko Passos Okawa. „Measures for reduction of the water losses in the distribution network: a case study on the municipality of Altônia/PR“. Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 23 (27.06.2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117038533.
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The water losses management provides cost reduction for sanitation companies and, thus, for the treated and distributed water’s final users. In the face of the recent episodes of hydric crisis in the state of São Paulo, it is essential to have a good water supply management system, which includes controlling the water loss volume in the system. The easiest way to manage this control is based on the water balance, in other words, calculating the difference between the distributed volume and the volume measured in the consumption units. This work presents one case study at the municipality of Altônia, in Paraná, where the continuous expansion of the water supply system has led to the increase of the water loss volume on the distribution process. The municipality has chosen procedures as the appropriate and periodic maintenance of the network, installation of new water meters and pressure reduction valves and the monitoring of leakages with mechanical tools. Thus, it was possible to reduce the water loss volume by half.
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Zargar, Shariar, Sepideh Aldini und Seyed Hoseini. „Evaluation of the Efficiency of Neural Networks and Statistical Models to Determine Daily Traffic Volume of the Suburban Roads of Mazandaran Province“. Current World Environment 10, Special-Issue1 (28.06.2015): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.special-issue1.28.
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Realizing the traffic volume at the present time is frequently one of the concerns that occupies the planners’ minds in transportation. Knowing the current volume plays an important role in reflecting the performance of transportation system in the future. Traffic studies are based on observations and interpretations of the current circumstances .Since the present observations cannot be represented for the future status, it should be predicted by means of determined conditions. Annual Average Daily Traffic is one the measure to be used for the traffic volume, which has been mentioned in the codes. The fixed or non-fixed automated counters serve to count this volume. In Iran, Road Maintenance & Transportation Organization is responsible to count daily through different ways. In the present study, the data collected from the selected axes of Mazandaran Province was utilized to make a predictive model for traffic volume. It is fitted by data, linear and logarithmic regression models and also neural network model.
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Wang, Chun Sheng, Jian Guo Nie, Ai Rong Chen, Wei Zhen Chen und Yue Xu. „Fatigue Reliability Evaluation of Old Steel Bridges Based on Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics“. Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.435.
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There are many old steel bridges on Chinese transportation lines, which keep their normal traffic service function. The old bridges are often required to carry an increasing volume of traffic and heavier vehicles than the original design, so bridge management departments pay more attention to the actual remaining fatigue life of such structures. Based on probabilistic fracture mechanics theory, the member and the system fatigue failure evaluation models for old steel bridges are all proposed, and the fatigue reliability analysis program is developed using Monte-Carlo. As a case study, the evaluation models are used to predicate the fatigue reliability of Zhejiang Street Bridge. According to evaluation results, the probabilistic remaining fatigue life, safe inspection intervals and maintenance strategy are determined.