Dissertationen zum Thema „Voie des BMP“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-27 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Voie des BMP" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Wang, Hui. „Implication de la voie de signalisation Bmp au cours de la myogenèse fœtale“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066346.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJanin, Alexandre. „Altérations de la voie de signalisation BMP4 responsables de la différenciation accélérée de myoblastes mutés sur le gène LMNA“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1237/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLMNA gene encodes lamins A and C, two major components of the nuclear lamina, a network of intermediate filaments underlying the inner nuclear membrane. LMNA mutations have been associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases collectively called “laminopathies” affecting one or several tissues, such as muscles. The physiopathological mechanisms underlying laminopathies remain unclear. Given the crucial role of lamins A/C in nuclear architecture and chromatin organization, the “gene regulation” hypothesis have been proposed. It suggests that LMNA mutations could alter in a tissue-specific manner transcription factors and/or genes expression. Moreover, lamins A/C have been described as important regulators in muscle differentiation regulation.To identify potential alterations in signaling pathways regulating muscle differentiation in LMNA-mutated myoblasts, we used a previously described model of conditionally immortalized murine myoblasts and compared gene expression profiles in wild-type and Lmna-/- H-2K myoblasts. We identified two major alterations of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway in Lmna-/- myoblasts: Bmp4 downregulation and Smad6 overexpression. We demonstrated that Smad6 overexpression lead to Smad1/5/8 sequestration in the cytoplasm and to the downregulation of their target genes, Id1 and Id2. As a consequence, Lmna-null myoblasts displayed a premature differentiation which could be rescued by downregulating Smad6 expression. Finally, we showed that these defects are relevant for human laminopathies as they are also present in myoblasts from a human patient carrying a LMNA+/Q310X mutation.Taken together, these results provide a potential mechanism for the muscle stem cell exhaustion and muscle atrophy observed in muscle laminopathies and identify a new therapeutical target likely to reverse pathological phenotypes
Stantzou, Amalia. „BMP signaling controls postnatal muscle development“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066337/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), a subfamily of TGF-β growth factors, have been shown to be key signals that regulate embryonic and fetal muscle precursors during prenatal myogenesis, as well as the stem cells of adult muscle, termed ‘satellite cells’, when activated during muscle regeneration. The main aims of my thesis were to elucidate whether BMP signaling plays a role during postnatal/juvenile satellite cell-dependent muscle growth as well as for maintenance of adult muscle mass. I found that components of BMP signaling pathway are expressed in muscle satellite cells of neonatal, juvenile and adult mice. I used transgenic mouse lines to conditionally overexpress the BMP signaling cascade inhibitor Smad6 in muscle satellite cells and in differentiated skeletal muscle. I show that BMP signaling is required for correct proliferation of muscle satellite cells and their differentiation into myonuclei, thereby ensuring that the growing muscle fibers reach the correct final size. Moreover, I demonstrated that the final number of muscle stem cells is established during the postnatal/juvenile growth phase and this also depends on the BMP signaling cascade. Finally, I provide evidence that BMP signaling is a strong hypertrophic signal for the adult skeletal muscle and its presence is indispensable for muscle tissue maintenance. In summary, my findings demonstrate that BMPs are essential growth factors for postnatal skeletal muscle
Stantzou, Amalia. „BMP signaling controls postnatal muscle development“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066337.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), a subfamily of TGF-β growth factors, have been shown to be key signals that regulate embryonic and fetal muscle precursors during prenatal myogenesis, as well as the stem cells of adult muscle, termed ‘satellite cells’, when activated during muscle regeneration. The main aims of my thesis were to elucidate whether BMP signaling plays a role during postnatal/juvenile satellite cell-dependent muscle growth as well as for maintenance of adult muscle mass. I found that components of BMP signaling pathway are expressed in muscle satellite cells of neonatal, juvenile and adult mice. I used transgenic mouse lines to conditionally overexpress the BMP signaling cascade inhibitor Smad6 in muscle satellite cells and in differentiated skeletal muscle. I show that BMP signaling is required for correct proliferation of muscle satellite cells and their differentiation into myonuclei, thereby ensuring that the growing muscle fibers reach the correct final size. Moreover, I demonstrated that the final number of muscle stem cells is established during the postnatal/juvenile growth phase and this also depends on the BMP signaling cascade. Finally, I provide evidence that BMP signaling is a strong hypertrophic signal for the adult skeletal muscle and its presence is indispensable for muscle tissue maintenance. In summary, my findings demonstrate that BMPs are essential growth factors for postnatal skeletal muscle
Lempereur, Aveline. „Etude de la voie TGFβ/BMP au cours de l'hématopoïèse embryonnaire aortique chez les vertébrés amniotes“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066539.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHematopoietic system is composed of many cell types, all generated from one cell type, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). The firs HSC are produced in the yolk sac, then in the aortic region. The adult HSC are generated in this last hematopoietic site. Aortic HSC are produce from ventral aortic endothelium. The endothelial cells (ECs) undergo a radical modification of their phenotype. They loose theirs endothelial markers, acquire a hematopoietic identity, and emerge in the aortic lumen in the shape of clusters. During my PhD, I study the signaling pathways regulating hematopoiesis and the endothelium to hematopoietic transition. I focus on the TGFβ/BMP pathway. The systematic study of all this pathway actors shows that Smads 1/5/8 are activated in the ECs, but not in hematopoietic clusters. Our hypothesis, based on the level of expression of all TGFβ/BMP receptors, is that Alk1/TgfβR2/Endogline are responsive for the Smads activation, and their loss in necessary to the hematopoietic production in the aorta from ECs
Charytoniuk-Vignais, Dorota. „Caractérisation de la voie Sonic hedgehog dans le cerveau de rongeur au cours du développement et chez l'adulte“. Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work suggests the existence of the functional Hedgehog (hh) signaling pathway in the adult brain. It describes the identification and the localization of the transcripts of genes coding for hh, their receptor Ptc/Smo, the transcription factor Gli1 and other components of the pathway in the brain and peripheral tissues of the adult rat. The detailed mapping of the Shh, Ptc and Smo transcripts was established in the adult brain and spinal cord and in the developing cerebellum. Their colocalization is restricted to a very limited number of adult brain areas, suggesting that a model of the hh signaling in the adult might be different of that previously proposed in the embryo. Ptc could transduce Shh activities in the absence of Smo and Smo itself might bind another not identified yet ligand. The developmental regulation of Shh, Ptc, Smo and Gli1 in the cerebellum suggests a possible role for Shh signaling in the control of various cell populations within the cerebellum, particularly in granule cell precursor proliferation and/or differentiation that might be impaired in proliferative states such as medulloblastomas. The injection of the recombinant protein myrShhN into the adult rat striatum induce a Ptc transcription in the subventricular zone, containing progenitors that can proliferate and differentiate into new neurons and glia in the adult brain. These observations suggest a role for the Shh signaling in the adult neurogenesis. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) implicated in the neural tube patterning during embryogenesis are expressed also in the adult brain, suggesting that the BMP pathway could interact with the Shh pathway in the adult as in the embryo. The up-regulation of the BMPRII receptor after transient global cerebral ischemia in rat suggests a modulation of the BMP signaling during neuronal plasticity or repair that occur upon brain injury
Schmouth, Jean-François. „Rôles spécifiques de l'effecteur Smad5 dans la voie de signalisation des BMPS au niveau de l'épithélium intestinal“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3859.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLauraine, Marc. „Effets d'HLA-B27 sur la voie BMP/TGFbeta dans les lymphocytes T CD4+, dans le contexte de la spondyloarthrite“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASL130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease. In human, the association between the HLA-B27 allele of the class-I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) and the development of this disease was demonstrated 50 years ago, with 70-90% of SpA patients carrying this allele. However, the exact role of HLA-B27 in the pathophysiology of SpA remains unknown. The model of rat transgenic for HLA-B27 and the human β2-microglobulin (hβ2m) (B27 rat), which develops manifestations similar to the human disease, has shed light on certain aspects of the question. In particular, the involvement of CD4+ T lymphocytes in SpA has been demonstrated. In the B27 rat, regulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes (Treg) exhibit an imbalance of the interleukin-10/interleukin-17 (IL-10/IL-17) ratio, which are anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory, respectively. On the other hand, an expansion of the sub-population of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper 17 (lymphocytes Th17), which produce IL-17, was observed in both B27 rats and SpA patients. To study the non-canonical effects of HLA-B27, a Drosophila melanogaster model transgenic for HLA-B27 and hβ2m was developed and demonstrated that an interaction between HLA-B27 and type I receptors of the BMP/TGFβ pathway (BMPR1s) altered the formation of the wing transverse veins. In this model, an interaction between HLA-B27 and the Saxophone (Sax) receptor has previously been shown to lead to increased BMP signalling. Our study complemented these results by showing that aberrant signaling via the BMPR1 Baboon (Babo) of the activin/TGFβ pathway also contributed to the abnormal phenotype induced by HLA-B27 expression. In an attempt to extrapolate these results to a mechanism of HLA-B27 pathogenicity in SpA, we first demonstrated that there was a specific interaction between HLA-B27 and activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2), the orthologue of Sax, and also with ALK5, the type 1 receptor for TGFβ orthologue of Babo, in rat B27 lymphocytes. Study of SMAD2/3, the main transducer of the TGFβ signal, in T lymphocytes from B27 and nontransgenic rats revealed a lower basal phosphorylation and a higher amplitude of phosphorylation after stimulation by TGFβ1. Concordantly, we observed that several genes induced by TGFβ signaling and involved in Treg and Th17 differentiation (Foxp3, Rorc, Runx1) had increased expression in naive CD4+ T lymphocytes (Tn) from B27 rats. Taken together, these results indicate a possible early activation of the TGFβ pathway in B27 rat Tn followed by a negative feedback loop. Interestingly, the Tgfb1 gene itself was decreased. Given the importance of autocrine TGFβ1 produced by T lymphocytes in preventing chronic inflammation, these observations open up prospects for a better understanding of the role of HLA-B27 in the development of SpA. In particular, we propose to study in greater depth the response of Tn from B27 rats to TGFβ1 using multi-omics methods (transciptomic, phosphoproteomic, proteomic). Finally, given the essential role of autocrine TGFβ1 in the maintenance of Treg and Th17 profiles, a study of the plasticity of Treg and Th17 in B27 rat would be relevant to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SpA
Viswanathan, Praveen Kumar. „Étude de la régulation de la voie nodal par des facteurs maternels lors de la spécification de l'axe dorso-ventral chez l'oursin Paracentrotus lividus“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ6030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAxis specification is an essential and highly regulated process during embryogenesis in metazoa. In some species, this process is initiated by maternal factors that are localized in distinct regions of the unfertilized egg, while in others, it is entirely dependent on zygotic factors. In the highly regulative sea urchin embryo, establishment of the dorso-ventral (D/V) axis critically depends on the zygotic expression of the TGFβ ligand Nodal. nodal expression is induced ubiquitously in the 32-cell embryo and progressively gets restricted to the presumptive ventral ectoderm during the early stages of development, making nodal the first gene to be asymmetrically expressed along the D/V axis. This early spatial restriction of nodal expression depends on the maternally expressed TGFβ ligand Panda. panda mRNA is asymmetrically deposited in the unfertilized egg in a broad dorsal to ventral gradient. In the absence of Panda, nodal expression is no longer restricted and expands throughout the ectoderm. Thus, in the sea urchin embryo, information on the D/V axis is already present in the unfertilized egg in the form of panda mRNA. Further, blocking Panda increases the severity of the phenotypes caused by blocking the BMP type I receptors Alk1/2 and Alk3/6, suggesting that Panda may function as a ligand for these BMP receptors. However, overexpression of panda mRNA does not result in activation of pSmad1/5/8, the downstream effector of BMP signaling. Therefore, the mechanism by which Panda works remains enigmatic.During the first part of my thesis, I studied the molecular mechanism by which Panda functions to restrict nodal expression. Since Panda does not activate BMP signaling, we hypothesized that Panda may work like Lefty or Inhibins, which antagonize Nodal signaling by sequestering a factor essential for this signaling pathway and by downregulating the Nodal autoregulatory loop. Indeed, using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we could demonstrate that Panda binds to several components of the Nodal pathway such as ACVRII and Cripto. Most interestingly, we found that Panda also forms complexes with the Inhibin co-receptor TBR3, suggesting it might function similar to Inhibins to sequester ACVRII. Using functional experiments, we identified Panda as an antagonist of the primary Nodal type II receptor ACVRII. We could show that overexpression of Panda into the egg antagonizes the dorsalization caused by overexpression of ACVRII. Furthermore, we found that Panda also antagonizes the activity of ACVRII in an axis induction assay. While local overexpression of ACVRII oriented the D/V axis and promoted Nodal signaling and ventral fates in almost 100% of the embryos injected, co-expression with Panda blocked the ability of ACVRII to orient the D/V axis. Bioinformatics analysis of the Panda sequence revealed that Panda has a very unusual sequence in the ACVRII binding region and that unlike all TGFβ ligands that signal through ACVRII, which possess a conserved serine or threonine in the middle of this motif, Panda and Lefty have instead a Proline residue. We have then tested if the antagonistic function of Panda was caused by the presence of this single Proline residue in the ACVRII binding motif. We showed that conversion of this single Proline to a Serine reversed the role of Panda from an antagonist to an agonist of Nodal signaling. Therefore, we have traced the antagonistic activity of Panda to the presence of a single Proline residue in its sequence, which likely confers a dominant negative activity to this factor. These results inform us on the mechanism by which Panda works and have implications on the evolution of the mechanisms of D/V axis specification.During the second part of my thesis, I have characterized the role of other maternal factors in the regulation of nodal expression. We have identified the receptor Ret and the downstream MAPK pathway as potential regulators of nodal expression and D/V axis specification
Aho, Simon. „Rôle de la voie BMP dans l'émergence des cellules souches cancéreuses mammaires et l'initiation du cancer du sein basal-like“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04811400.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease with several molecular subtypes correlated to prognosis. Of these, the basal-like subtype displays the poorest prognosis. It is characterized by increased expression of basal differentiation markers and significant genetic instability, frequently due to alterations in homologous recombination. It is also enriched in cancer stem cells. These cells are thought to be involved in the early stages of carcinogenesis, but also in resistance to cytotoxic treatment and relapse. Several signaling pathways influence their biology, notably the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway. Dysregulation of this pathway has been demonstrated in certain luminal breast cancers, but its involvement in the emergence of basal-like breast cancers remains to be explored. Materials and methods: Using primary samples and public databases, we searched for BMP pathway abnormalities in basal-like tumors and BRCA1-mutated predisposed tissues. We also used the MCF10A human mammary epithelial stem cell model to explore in vitro the processes of stem cell tumor initiation in the mammary gland. Results: We show that BMPR1A and BMP4 expression is deregulated in basal-like tumors and predisposed tissues. These deregulations lead to transcriptional BRCA1 repression in our stem cell model. Functional consequences include preferential differentiation according to basal phenotype, increased stemness and alterations in the homologous recombination pathway. Conclusion: We suggest a role for the BMP4-BMPR1A axis in the early steps of basal-like carcinogenesis by (i) promoting the maintenance of a stem cell contingent in the mammary gland, (ii) directing their differentiation towards a basal phenotype, (iii) supporting the genetic instability necessary for their transformation into breast cancer stem cells
Bellanger, Aurélie. „ZNF217, un rôle majeur dans le cancer du sein : un nouvel instigateur du développement de métastases ostéolytiques : isoforme ZNF217-ΔE4 : implication en cancérogénèse mammaire et valeur pronostique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZNF217 is an oncogene encoding for a Krüppel-like transcription factor. Our aims were to explore the roles of the ZNF217 oncogene in the development of breast cancer metastases to the bone and to decipher the prognostic value and the functions of a new ZNF217 isoform. Our work identified that high ZNF217 mRNA expression levels within the primitive breast tumor could represent an indicator for future recurrence to the bone. Further in vitro experiment demonstrated that ZNF217 is a new activator of the BMP pathway and that the inhibition of this pathway could inhibit the metastatic properties of ZNF217-positive breast cancer cells in vitro (migration, invasion, chemotaxis to bone cells). In vivo in mice, ZNF217-positive breast cancer cells developed osteolytic metastases very faster. In our second axis, we have proven the existence of the ZNF217-?E4 isoform and we found that this isoform possesses a prognostic significance associated with a poor prognosis in ER-a+ breast cancer. Furthermore, cells overexpressing ZNF217-?E4 developed a more aggressive phenotype than cells overexpressing ZNF217-WT (proliferation, paclitaxel resistance). Interestingly, ZNF217-?E4 seems to play a regulatory role regarding ZNF217-WT expression. In conclusion, ZNF217 and/or the BMP pathway could represent potential therapeutical targets in the management of ZNF217 positive breast cancer
Darrigrand, Jean-François. „Influence of BMP signaling on neural crest cells during heart outflow tract septation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS085.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe heart outflow tract (OFT) is originally a solitary tube, which is septated into the aortic and pulmonary artery (Pa) during embryonic development. This morphogenesis is regulated by the cardiac neural crest cells (cNCC), which colonize the OFT and condense towards the endocardium, triggering its rupture and the fromation of the two arteries. Investigations to identify the molecular cues controlling cNCC behaviour in the OFT mesenchyme have established the importance of the Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMP). However, little is known on the molecular cascades triggered by BMP signaling responsible for the cNCC mediated OFT septation. To get insights into these molecular cascades, we decided to dissect the role of Dullard, a perinuclear phosphatase uncovered as a BMP intracellular signaling inhibitor, during OFT morphogenesis. Our results show that deletion of Dullard in the cNCC increases BMP intracellular signaling, leading to premature and asymmetric septation of the OFT, Pa obstruction and embryonic death. This BMP overactivation in the cNCC triggers the downregulation of mesenchymal markers and the upregulation of a cytokine called Sema3c, which in turn results in premature cNCC compaction at the endocardium. In addition, asymmetric differentiation of the distal subpulmonary myocardium contributes to asymmetrical rupture of the endocardium and Pa obstruction. Finally, our data converge to a model whereby graded BMP activity and Sema3c expression in the cNCC along the OFT axis set the tempo of OFT septation from its distal to its proximal regions. Hence, our findings reveal that fine tuning of BMP signaling levels in cNCC orchestrate OFT septation in time and space
Laperrousaz, Bastien. „Rôle du microenvironnement dans le maintien et la résistance des cellules souches leucémiques de la Leucémie Myéloïde Chronique. voie BMP et contraintes mécaniques“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0986/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the main causes of treatment failure in cancers is the development of drug resistance by cancer cells. The persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) might explain cancer relapses as they could allow reactivation of cancer cells proliferation following therapy, leading to disease persistence and ultimately to patients’ death. Clinically, it is crucial to develop therapeutic strategies able to target resistant CSCs in order to cure the patients. CSCs are controlled by a variety of biochemical and biomechanical signals from the leukemic niche. My project aims to determine the involvement of the tumor microenvironment (BMP signaling pathway and mechanical stress) in the maintenance and resistance of Leukemic Stem Cells (LSCs) in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). For this, we combined functional and molecular assays to the analysis of tumor microenvironment on more than 200 CML patients’ samples. We demonstrated that alterations of intracellular BMP signaling pathway in CP-CML primary samples corrupt and amplify the response to exogenous BMP2 and BMP4, which are abnormally abundant in the tumor microenvironment. These results, recently published in Blood led us to evaluate the role of the BMP pathway in LSC maintenance under TKI treatment. Atomic force microscopy allowed us to demonstrate that BCR-ABL expression alone is sufficient to increases the rigidity of immature CML cells compared to healthy ones. Finally, using a unique cell confining system, we were able to demonstrate that mechanical stress controls the proliferation of immature leukemic cells by regulating the expression of mechano-sensitive genes such as Twist-1. These results could explain how LSCs can benefit from a mechanical stress exerted by their microenvironment to acquire a proliferative advantage over normal cells. Ultimately, we hope that this transdisciplinary approach will help to identify key molecules in the transduction of mechanical signals potentially involved in maintenance and resistance of CSCs and thus offer new targets to counter these effects
Flores, Violante Mario. „Role of the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins pathway in leukemic stem cell regulation and resistance in acute myeloid leukemia“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1118/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcute myeloid leukemias (AML) are heterogeneous hematological malignancies characterized by a clonal proliferation of myeloid blasts which infiltrate the bone marrow, blood and other organs. Identified as the most common type of acute leukemia in adults with 80% of cases, AML is associated with high relapse and poor prognosis where 70% of patients face mortality within one year after diagnosis. Leukemic stem cell (LSCs) presence has been related to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and relapse in AML. The tumor microenvironment has been described for its key role regulating LSCs through the crosstalk of signaling pathways. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) pathway is highly involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation, but has also been recognized to regulate LSCs. Here, we have identified high concentrations of BMP2 and BMP4 in bone marrow (BM) AML samples at diagnosis. Furthermore, we have identified for the first time a new signaling cascade, involving the binding of BMP4 to BMPR1A receptor, which induces the expression of ΔNp73 and NANOG. Activation of this signaling promotes a stem-like phenotype in leukemic cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that this signaling is responsible for the resistant capacity of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. In addition, we have reported BMPR1A/ΔNp73/NANOG as potential AML prognosis markers, due to their overexpression at diagnosis associated to an increased rate of relapse of AML patients within three years. When we analyzed AML samples at relapse, higher levels of ΔNp73 isoform were found compared to patients at diagnosis. Moreover, we have identified high expression of the BMPR1A receptor, ΔNp73, NANOG, SOX2 and ID1 in short-term resistant primary leukemic cells. These results correlate with what we observed in AML resistant cells, where BMPR1A, ΔNp73, NANOG and ID1 seem to be implicated in driving the resistant capacity of AML cells to drug therapy. Therefore, modulation and targeting of the BMP pathway elements and related genes identified with our study, represent a promising approach towards the development of new and more effective therapeutic strategies against AML
Gosselet, Fabien. „Rôles et implications de la voie de signalisation Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) dans les kératinocytes primaires humains normaux et issus de patients atteints de xeroderma pigmentosum de groupe D (XP-D)“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBui, Anh Thu. „Analyse des mécanismes moléculaires régulant la dormance des cellules de cancer de la prostate in vitro“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS434/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the early 2000s, development of metastases was shown to be strongly limited by a phenomenon of cellular dormancy. Indeed, after extravasation in a distant organ, most of the disseminated cancer cells that survive enter into a reversible quiescent that is called dormant state. The phenomenon of dormancy is also the cause of late metastatic recurrences because dormancy confers long-term cellular survival and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, it is important to analyze the molecular mechanisms regulating cancer cell dormancy. However, in vivo studies are difficult due to the extreme scarcity of disseminated cancer cells. Recently, T. Tchenio et al observed that clonogenicity of prostate cancer cells was strongly regulated by a dormancy phenomenon in vitro. A dormant state was induced when cells are cultured at low density in a slightly hypertonic medium, such as DMEM. The aim of my thesis was to analyze the molecular mechanisms regulating the dormancy of prostate cancer cells in vitro.We first demonstrated that dormancy required a combined activation of both BMP/TGF-ß and oxidative stress signaling pathways. Low cell density plays a key role in dormancy establishment by priming both signaling pathways. Hypertonicity induced dormancy through further amplifying these signaling pathways. We extended the biological relevance of our observation by showing that a closely related phenomenon could be induced by androgens at concentrations close to physiologic levels. Androgen-induced dormancy also relied on activation of the BMP/TGF-ß and oxidative stress signaling pathways. Interestingly, we observed that once dormancy was established, it was maintained autonomously since a transient treatment with androgen was sufficient to induce a dormant state that was self-sustained after withdrawal of exogenous androgens. Besides, CDKN1A (p21 CIP1/WAF1) was identified as a dormancy regulator modulated by oxidative stress. We showed that its transient overexpression at low cell density was sufficient to induce a dormancy phenomenon that mimicked those induced by hypertonicity or androgens.In conclusion, we showed that dormancy of prostate cancer cells was regulated by BMP/TGF-ß and oxidative stress signaling pathways that seemed to be interconnected through a self-sustained regulation loop. Androgen may constitute an effective inducer of dormancy in vivo to limit metastases development. Therefore, we would like to test its effects in vivo in a simplified model of metastatic dissemination in mouse relying on intracardiac injection of cancer cells. Furthermore, our model allowed us to predict that CTCs (Circulating Tumor Cells dispersed in bloodstream) could enter into a dormant state before their extravasation from blood vessels due to the pro-oxidant conditions in this environment. This prediction could be tested by studying whether oxidative stress and BMP/TGF inhibitors could promote proliferation of purified CTCs in vitro
Mercey, Olivier. „Interactions des microARN de la famille miR-34/449 avec les voies de signalisation intracellulaire : rôle dans la différenciation des cellules multiciliées chez les vertébrés“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4119/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVertebrate multiciliated cells (MCC) project hundreds of motile cilia at their apical surface which coordinately beat to generate a directional fluid flow necessary for many biological functions including airway cleansing. Biogenesis of multiple cilia (multiciliogenesis) follows different key cellular steps corresponding to a cell cycle arrest, a massive multiplication of centrioles which then migrate to the apical surface to form basal bodies, from which cilia elongate. In 2011, my host laboratory evidenced that the miR-34/449 family of microRNAs control vertebrate multiciliogenesis by inducing the cell cycle arrest and by repressing the Notch pathway. My thesis work has revealed a new role of miR-34/449 by demonstrating that they modulate expression and activity of small GTPases to drive the apical reorganization of the actin network, a prerequisite for basal body anchoring. Besides, I have identified and characterized variant sequences of canonical miR-34/449 family, named isomiRs. Whereas these isomiRs share common biological functions with canonical miR-34/449 miRNAs, they may also contribute to a complementary effect by targeting specific transcripts. Finally, the last part of my work has contributed to the identification of the conserved role of the BMP pathway in the control of multiciliogenesis. I have evidenced some molecular mechanisms by which the BMP signal controls this phenomenon. Importantly, I demonstrated that BMP inhibition promotes regeneration of tracheal MCC in vivo in an asthmatic mouse model. Overall, our findings offer an unprecedented opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with ciliary disorders
Schmouth, Jean-François. „Rôles spécifiques de l'effecteur Smad5 dans la voie de signalisation des BMPS au niveau de l'épithélium intestinal“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenRichard, Charlotte. „Rôle du mésenchyme sous-aortique dans le contrôle de l'expression de runx1 et des voies Notch et BMP au cours de l'hématopoïèse aortique“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066297.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaillot, Emmanuel. „Études des voies de signalisation Nodal et BMP dans la mise en place de l'axe dorso-ventral et gauche-droite de l'embryon d'oursin Paracentrotus lividus“. Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe establishment of the anteroposterior, dorso-ventral and left-right polarity axis of the embryo requires communication between cells through signaling molecules, whose mode of action is poorly understood. In the sea urchin as in vertebrates, the molecules of the TGF- β family, Nodal and BMP2/4, are essential to specify the dorso-ventral and left-right axes of the embryo. During my PhD, I contributed to the dissection of the genetic network downstream of Nodal and BMP2/4 signaling pathways. We characterized the expression and analyzed the function of 18 genes encoding transcription factors and 8 genes encoding ligands, and defined the relationships between these genes. I also contributed to a study of the function of the transcriptional repressor Tel that we identified as a major regulator of the spatial expression of Nodal, downstream of MAP kinases p38 and JNK. I showed that it also acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. I then demonstrated that BMP signaling is essential to restrict Nodal expression in the ventral region through the ligands GDF and BMP2/4, via the receptors ALK1/2 and ALK3/6. Intriguingly, I discovered that one of the fundamental mechanisms, which, in vertebrates allows adjustment of the highlighting a striking conservation of the mechanisms of axis specification and patterning. Finally, I participated in the analysis of the early steps regulating establishment of the left-right axis. We showed that the FGF/ERK and BMP2/4 pathways are essential for nodal expression in a discrete region of the endomesoderm on the right side that has the properties of a left right organizing center. In contrast, Notch signaling and the activity of the pump H+/K+ are required to prevent nodal expression on the left side of the endomesoderm
Pinheiro, Aguiar Diego. „Contrôle du développement du prosencéphale et du mésencéphale par la crête neurale cephalique : régulation de l'expression de Foxg1 par les voies de signalisation Wnt et Bmp“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059790.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePinheiro, Aguiar Diego. „Contrôle du développement du prosencéphale et du mésencéphale par la crête neurale cephalique : régulation de l’expression de Foxg1 par les voies de signalisation Wnt et Bmp“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe cranial NC (CNC) is a transient structure of the vertebrate embryo, which is essential for brain ontogenesis and provides the developing brain with a skeletal and meningeal protection and functional vasculature. Early in development, CNC cells also control morphogenetic activities of brain organizers and stimulate the growth of prosencephalic alar plate. To understand how CNC conveys its trophic effect on the telencephalon, we have silenced the gene encoding for Smad1, a transcription factor expressed in the CNC cells, which transduces diverse morphogenetic pathways. Smad1 silencing results in microcephaly and partial holoprosencephaly, which early coincide with the loss of Fgf8 and Foxg1 in the telencephalon. Rescue experiments show that CNC cells can positively regulate Foxg1 expression independently of Fgf8 activity in the prosencephalic organizer. Furthermore, the depletion of Foxg1 activity in the telencephalon alters Otx2 and Foxa2 expression in the thalamus and tectum. We have identified the mediators produced by the CNC to control Foxg1 activity and showed that Bmp and Wnt antagonists, Noggin, Gremlin and Dkk1 initiate the specification of the telencephalon. Additionally, the molecular patterning of the telencephalic and di/mesencephalic compartments requires the activity of Sfrp1 and Sfrp2, and Cerberus, respectively. Altogether, we show that CNC cells controls brain patterning by regulating Foxg1 expression through a network of morphogen modulators controlled by Smad1 activity
A crista neural cranial (CNC) é uma estrutura transiente em embriões de vertebrado, que possui um papel crucial no desenvolvimento da cabeça. A CNC é uma importante fonte de derivados mesenquimais. Recentes descobertas mostraram que as células da CNC possuem uma atividade trófica no desenvolvimento do tubo neural anterior, estimulando e organizando o desenvolvimento prosencefálico em oposição à sinalização Bmp presente nos tecidos adjacentes. Com o objetivo de entender como as células da CNC controlam a atividade de morfógenos durante o desenvolvimento do cérebro. Nós focamos nossos estudos no fator de transcrição Smad1, expresso pelas células da CNC, que controla a transcrição de Noggin. Noggin é um antagonista de Bmp que por sua vez controla a atividade de sua via de sinalização. Além disso, Smad1 interage com outras vias de sinalização com Fgf8 e Wnt. Para testar o papel de Smad1 nas células da CNC, nós eletroporamos o RNA dupla fita de Smad1 (dsSmad1) nas células da CNC em embriões de galinha no estágio de 4 somitos com a finalidade de bloquear sua tradução. Estes espécimes foram analisados em estágio mais avançados do desenvolvimento embrionário. A perda de função de Smad1 compromete o desenvolvimento das vesículas cefálicas, nos estágios de 26 somitos, E4, E6 e E8. Em cortes histológicos em E8, observou-se o aumento do volume ventral do cérebro destes embriões. Com o objetivo de entender como Smad1 controla o desenvolvimento das vesículas cefálicas, embriões no estágio de 26ss foram analisado por hibridização in situ. Nós observamos em embriões dsSmad1 a diminuição da expressão de Fgf8 na borda neural anterior e a completa ausência de expressão de Foxg1 no neuroectoderma prosencéfalico. A falta de Smad1, também gera a diminuição da expressão de Otx2 nos limites ventrais e laterais do telencéfalo, diencéfalo e mesencéfalo. Em contrapartida, nestes embriões observa-se o aumento da zona de expressão de Foxa2 na porção ventral do diencéfalo e mesencéfalo. O bloqueio de Smad1 também acarreta no aumento dos níveis de Dkk1, que é um importante inibidor da via de sinalização Wnt. Com o intuito de entender o mecanismo sobre o controle de Smad1, nós aumentamos os níveis de transcritos nas células da CNC de Dkk1. Como resultado deste aumento, observamos as mesmas modificações nos níveis dos transcritos de Fgf8, Foxg1, Otx2 e Foxa2. Interessantemente os efeitos do excesso de Dkk1 podem ser revertidos com a co-eletroporação do Smad1 constitutivamente fosforilada. Nós também analisamos a expressão de Foxg1 e Otx2 em embriões privados de Cubilin nas células da CNC. Estes embriões apresentam o mesmo padrão de expressão encontrados nos embriões dsSmad1. Interessantemente os nocautes para Cubilin apresentam diminuição da fosforilação de Smad1. Nossos resultados mostram que a presença de Smad1 nas células da CNC é extremamente importante para padronização e desenvolvimento do cérebro. Smad1 nas células da CNC funciona como um regulador da via de Bmp, através do controle transcricional de Noggin impedindo que o excesso de Bmp chegue até o tubo neural. Sendo assim, Smad1 controla o excesso de Bmp permitindo a indução e o desenvolvimento da região anterior por Fgf8
Mercey, Olivier. „Interactions des microARN de la famille miR-34/449 avec les voies de signalisation intracellulaire : rôle dans la différenciation des cellules multiciliées chez les vertébrés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://theses.unice.fr/2016AZUR4119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVertebrate multiciliated cells (MCC) project hundreds of motile cilia at their apical surface which coordinately beat to generate a directional fluid flow necessary for many biological functions including airway cleansing. Biogenesis of multiple cilia (multiciliogenesis) follows different key cellular steps corresponding to a cell cycle arrest, a massive multiplication of centrioles which then migrate to the apical surface to form basal bodies, from which cilia elongate. In 2011, my host laboratory evidenced that the miR-34/449 family of microRNAs control vertebrate multiciliogenesis by inducing the cell cycle arrest and by repressing the Notch pathway. My thesis work has revealed a new role of miR-34/449 by demonstrating that they modulate expression and activity of small GTPases to drive the apical reorganization of the actin network, a prerequisite for basal body anchoring. Besides, I have identified and characterized variant sequences of canonical miR-34/449 family, named isomiRs. Whereas these isomiRs share common biological functions with canonical miR-34/449 miRNAs, they may also contribute to a complementary effect by targeting specific transcripts. Finally, the last part of my work has contributed to the identification of the conserved role of the BMP pathway in the control of multiciliogenesis. I have evidenced some molecular mechanisms by which the BMP signal controls this phenomenon. Importantly, I demonstrated that BMP inhibition promotes regeneration of tracheal MCC in vivo in an asthmatic mouse model. Overall, our findings offer an unprecedented opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with ciliary disorders
Le, Taillandier de Gabory Ludovic. „Etude du comportement d'un implant BCP pour la réparation du septum nasal“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21705/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe nasal septum plays a paramount role in the growth of the face and respiratory physiology. Its solidity, its straightness and its sagittal position are determining to perceive a diurnal and night respiratory comfort. Vulnerable to the traumas, the destruction or the inefficiency of its skeleton involves request for a functional and aesthetic repair. In severe cases, the tissue replacement requires large autologous grafts for which the morbidity of the donor site and their own imperfections remain a problem. To replace them, certain biomaterials were tested in an empirical way without giving reliable results. The primary goal of our work was to evaluate the behaviour of a biphasic phosphocalcic implant to repair nasal septum in order to avoid these grafts with an adapted biofunctional implant, exposed to the septic nasal content and the airborne particles of the environment. The second objective was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the double wall carbon nanotubes on epithelial respiratory cells, first organ concerned by a potential exposure during their manufacture. Thereafter, the results of these two different subjects were used in a synergistic way to answer the third objective which was, to evaluate the influence of the carbon nanotubes on the cicatrization of the nasal septum in presence or not of the phosphocalcic implant
Agathon, Antoine. „Contrôle de la détermination des territoires embryonnaires le long de l'axe animal-végétal par les voies de signalisation Nodal, BMP et Wnt chez l'embryon de poisson zèbre (Danio rerio)“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/AGATHON_Antoine_2004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraore, Mohamed. „Fiscal policy, income inequality and inclusive growth in developing countries“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub-sub Saharan African economies than others government spending. These results suggest that temporary and well-targeted programs should be implemented to help those being left out by the growth process. The Chapter 3 investigates whether income inequality matters in the periods of fiscal adjustments in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1980-2014. The results show an improvement in growth performance after fiscal consolidations episodes, but also income gap decreases in the periods ahead fiscal adjustments. Lastly, Chapter 4 assesses the credibility of fiscal forecasts and their social effects in CEMAC and WAEMU countries. We obtain evidence that the inefficiency of fiscal forecast occurs in most time because the forecast deviation is proportional to the forecast itself, but also because the past errors are repeated in the present. Furthermore, a part of revenue forecast errors can be explained by random shocks to the economy. Therefore, these errors in revenue forecast considered as fiscal policy shocks has a detrimental effect on inclusive growth
Laberge, Perrault Emilie. „Cdx-mediated co-integration of Wnt and BMP signals on a single Pax3 neural crest enhancer“. Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19415.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn vertebrates, a first draft of the central nervous system from the neurectoderm is obtained by neurulation. This process leads to the formation of the neural tube (NT) from the neural plate. Neurulation is coordinated with the induction of a population of multipotent cells at the neural plate border: neural crest cells (NCCs). The Pax3 gene encodes a transcription factor that is essential for the formation of the NT and NCCs. A small regulatory region of ~250bp in the proximal promoter of Pax3, called NCE2, is sufficient to recapitulate the induction of Pax3 and its restriction to the lateral borders of the neural plate. The Pax3NCE2 is known to incorporate anterior-posterior (AP) instructive cues from the Wnt pathway, via CDX proteins (CDX1, 2, 4), which can induce the expression of Pax3 in the posterior neural plate (PNP). We have demonstrated that, in addition to the AP cues, Pax3NCE2 integrates instructive dorsal-ventral (DV) cues from the BMP pathway, via SMAD1/5 proteins. Our results indicate that SMAD1/5 proteins could be the missing co-factor in the CDX-dependent expression of Pax3 that restrict Pax3 expression to the lateral borders of the PNP. To support this assertion, we provide further evidence that the activity of BMP-SMAD1/5 on the expression of Pax3 is mediated by CDX proteins. As defects affecting the formation of the NT and NCCs are the basis of many genetic syndromes and birth defects in humans, our results provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathologies.