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1
Khan, Nauman, und Tahmina. „Vitamin D Deficiency in the Elderly Patients and Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection“. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, Nr. 2 (31.03.2021): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.2.765.
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SARS Covid'19 is declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organization [1]. The aim of this short report is to find out the association of Vitamin D in prevention of Covid'19 in elderly patients who are already having other co-morbidities. People of any age are susceptible to Corona virus but the elderly patients and patients with chronic underlying diseases are at higher risk. Many elderly patients with COVID-19 are at risk of mal-nutrition [2].
Vitamins are of two types, Lipid soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins [3]. Lipid soluble vitamins can be stored in the body while water soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body, hence needed to take regularly [4]. Vitamin D is a lipid soluble vitamin also it can be synthesized by our own body.
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Mochulska, O. M., O. R. Boyarchuk, M. I. Kinash, T. O. Vorontsova und L. A. Volianska. „The effects of vitamins A, E, D, disorders of their metabolism and the assessment of level of vitamin security in children (literature review)“. Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, Nr. 2(114) (27.03.2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.114.58.
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Vitamins are a group of biologically highly active, low molecular weight organic compounds of various chemical nature, which are practically not synthesized in the human body or are synthesized in insufficient quantities, mainly income with food, and are vital to ensure for the flow and regulation of metabolic processes in the body. Vitamins are micronutrients that are among the essential (essential) factors of nutrition, their content in food is small, usually in the range from 10 to 100 mg/100 g. Vitamins have an exceptional property — the ability to high biological activity in small doses, without being a source of energy or plastic material, act as biological catalysts for vital body functions. According to physicochemical properties and solubility, vitamins A, E, D belong to fat-soluble, are characterized by thermal stability, resistant to cysts and alkalis, their main characteristic is the ability to promote the assimilation of mаcro- and microelements. Vitamins A, E, D are needed at all stages of growth and development of the child's body, the processes of adaptation. The main types of vitamins metabolism disorders are vitamin deficiency, hypo-, hyper- and dysvitaminosis, polyvitaminosis. It is important to constantly monitor the sufficient content of each vitamins in the daily diet of children. The following methods of assessing vitamin supply are known: clinical, biochemical, calculation of vitamin content. Purpose — to increase knowledgment about the effects of vitamins A, E, D, their importance in metabolism, to analyze the main types of their metabolism disorders, to present possible methods for assessing the supply of vitamins in children. Conclusions. The child's body needs a constant supply of vitamins to maintain their amount at the required level. All vital processes take place in the body during the direct participation of vitamins. Future research in the field of the vitamins A, E, D effects will contribute to a better understanding of their role in ensuring the optimal functioning in a human body. Screening and elimination of vitamin A, E, D deficiency in children can not only improve health, but also help increase the life quality. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: vitamins A, E, D, vitamin deficiency, hypovitaminosis, hypervitaminosis, dysvitaminosis, polyvitaminosis, children.
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Esmaeili dooki, M. R., L. Moslemi, A. A. Moghadamnia, M. Alijanpour Aghamaleki, A. Bijani, M. Pornasrollah und H. Ashrafianamiri. „Vitamin D status in preschool children: should vitamin D supplementation, preventing vitamin D deficiency be continued in children over 2 years?“ Journal of Public Health 41, Nr. 3 (22.08.2018): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy147.
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Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among preschool children in rural and urban areas of Northern Iran and need for continuing vitamin D supplementation after 2 years of age. Method A sample of 406 children aged 30–72 months was selected from health centres. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), demographic data, anthropometric characteristics and total body surface area, were evaluated. Results Subnormal vitamin D levels were found in 68.94% (269) of children. In multiple logistic regression models, season (P = 0.001) and residency (P = 0.006) were significantly correlated with vitamin D deficiency. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = −0.18, P < 0.001), body mass index (β = −1.1, P < 0.001) and sun exposure (β = 0.4, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 25OHD level. Conclusion Owing to the high prevalence of subnormal vitamin D levels in preschool children, it is recommended that vitamin D deficiency prevention programs are continued in this age group.
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Barger-Lux, M. J., R. P. Heaney, J. Hayes, H. F. DeLuca, M. L. Johnson und G. Gong. „Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism, bone mass, body size, and vitamin D receptor density“. Calcified Tissue International 57, Nr. 2 (August 1995): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00298438.
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Gracia-Marco, Luis. „Calcium, Vitamin D, and Health“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 2 (06.02.2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020416.
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Grafka, Agnieszka, Maciej Łopucki, Jarosław Kuna, Anna Kuna und Barbara Pęksa. „The role of vitamin D in the body“. Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 55, Nr. 1 (13.02.2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7375.
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Vitamin D performs a lot of important functions in the body, and its deficiency is just as harmful as the excess. From its precious properties, we draw primarily in the summer while staying in the sun, while in other seasons you should take care of a appropriate diet and implement vitamin D supplementation. The proper level of vitamin D in the human body results in proper bone mineralization, regulates the endocrine function of the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland and pituitary glands. It acts as an anti-proliferative factor of some tumor such as melanoma, breast, prostate, colon, and increases differentiation and inhibits apoptosis of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and skin melanocytes. It has an influence on the proper functioning of many systems and regulates the immune response.
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Uchitomi, Ran, Mamoru Oyabu und Yasutomi Kamei. „Vitamin D and Sarcopenia: Potential of Vitamin D Supplementation in Sarcopenia Prevention and Treatment“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 10 (19.10.2020): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103189.
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Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, accounting for approximately 40% of body weight, plays important roles in exercise and energy expenditure. In the elderly, there is often a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia, which can lead to bedridden conditions, wheelchair confinement as well as reducing the quality of life (QOL). In developed countries with aging populations, the prevention and management of sarcopenia are important for the improvement of health and life expectancy in these populations. Recently, vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has been attracting attention due to its importance in sarcopenia. This review will focus on the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on sarcopenia.
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Yoo, Jee Young, und Lauren Goodwyn. „The Physiological Consequences of Hypovitaminosis D“. Journal of Student Research 7, Nr. 1 (21.12.2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v7i1.406.
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During the industrial revolution in the United States, speculations arose surrounding ultraviolet radiation and its inverse relationship to the alarmingly increasing prevalence of rickets, a bone disease in children that we now know is caused by a lack of vitamin D. However, prior to the 20th century, it was nearly impossible to simply identify biological forms of vitamins or hormones (Holick, 2010). It was inconceivable to set forth a list of dietary essentials and their roles in the human body. With the aid of modern technology, the ability to ascertain vitamin D’s chemical form and origins became a reality. Today, a large fraction of the field of endocrine research aims to find links between vitamin D and diseases. The purpose of this paper is to list some of the associated ailments that transpire alongside inadequate levels of vitamin D, and in turn, emphasize the importance of supplementation to prevent such occurrences.
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Fields, Jennifer B., Sina Gallo, Jenna M. Worswick, Deanna R. Busteed und Margaret T. Jones. „25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein, Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Body Composition in a Diverse Sample of Women Collegiate Indoor Athletes“. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, Nr. 2 (09.05.2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5020032.
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Women athletes are at higher risk for bone diseases; yet, information on vitamin D status ((25(OH)D), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and bioavailable 25(OH)D is limited. Collegiate athletes (n = 36) from volleyball (WVB), basketball (WBB), and track and field (WTF) were measured for (25(OH)D), VDBP, and bioavailable 25(OH)D; body composition and bone mineral density (BMD); and skin pigmentation. Participants self-reported daily vitamin D intake and sun exposure. One-way analysis of variance analyzed mean differences in measures across sports. Linear regression examined relationships between 25(OH)D; VDBP; bioavailable 25(OH)D; and whole body, hip, and spine BMD. Participants’ (mean ± SD, 19.4 ± 1.4 years, 172.75 ± 8.21 cm, 70.9 ± 13.2 kg, and 22.9 ± 4.1% body fat) overall mean 25(OH)D was 70.5 ± 32.25 nmol/L, and 28% of participants were deemed inadequate and 61% below thresholds identified as sufficient for athletes. Although WBB athletes consumed higher (p = 0.007) dietary vitamin D (760.9 ± 484.2 IU/d) than WVB (342.6 ± 257.8) and WTF (402.3 ± 376.4) athletes did, there were no differences across sport in serum 25(OH)D. WVB and WTF had higher bioavailable 25(OH)D than WBB. No relationships existed between vitamin D status and body composition. Vitamin D inadequacy was identified among 1/3 of women indoor sport athletes. Consistent monitoring of vitamin D status and diet are recommended to sustain athlete health and sport performance.
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Ramasamy, Indra. „Vitamin D Metabolism and Guidelines for Vitamin D Supplementation“. Clinical Biochemist Reviews 41, Nr. 3 (08.12.2020): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33176/aacb-20-00006.
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Vitamin D is essential for bone health and is known to be involved in immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Vitamin D status remains a significant health issue worldwide. However, there has been no clear consensus on vitamin D deficiency and its measurement in serum, and clinical practice of vitamin D deficiency treatment remains inconsistent. The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is widely used as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Other metabolic pathways are recognised as important to vitamin D function and measurement of other metabolites may become important in the future. The utility of free 25(OH)D rather than total 25(OH)D needs further assessment. Data used to estimate the vitamin D intake required to achieve a serum 25(OH)D concentration were drawn from individual studies which reported dose-response data. The studies differ in their choice of subjects, dose of vitamin D, frequency of dosing regimen and methods used for the measurement of 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D, body mass index, ethnicity, type of vitamin D (D2 or D3) and genetics affect the response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. The diversity of opinions that exist on this topic are reflected in the guidelines. Government and scientific societies have published their recommendations for vitamin D intake which vary from 400–1000 IU/d (10–25 µg/d) for an average adult. It was not possible to establish a range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations associated with selected non-musculoskeletal health outcomes. To recommend treatment targets, future studies need to be on infants, children, pregnant and lactating women.
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Vitezova, Anna, Taulant Muka, M. Carola Zillikens, Trudy Voortman, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Fernando Rivadeneira, Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong und Oscar H. Franco. „Vitamin D and body composition in the elderly“. Clinical Nutrition 36, Nr. 2 (April 2017): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.017.
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Cerit, Zeynep. „Vitamin D, body composition, and epicardial adipose tissue“. Clinical Nutrition 36, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2017): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.026.
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Jungert, A., und M. Neuhäuser-Berthold. „Longitudinal association between body composition and Vitamin D“. Clinical Nutrition 37 (September 2018): S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1476.
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BURUIANĂ, Andra, Eugenia NEDELTCHEVA-PETROVA, Nicoleta DUMITRU, Maria OLARU, Ion COCOLOŞ, Mara CARŞOTE und Adina GHEMIGIAN. „Vitamin D and extraskeletal effects“. Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 12, Nr. 2 (31.03.2017): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2017.1.6.
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Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin and a steroid hormone with endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions. The two major forms are vitamin D2 (ergocalcifeol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), the active hormone being calcitriol. The importance of vitamin D and its metabolites lies in the key role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism but vitamin D also has extraskeletal effects, still incompletely understood. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is ubiquitous in the body, the presence of VDR in multiple tissues suggesting a more general role of calcitriol. Vitamin D can regulate many cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Calcitriol exerts immunomodulating and antiproliferative effects and plays a potential role in the prevention and therapy of various cancers (breast, colorectal, prostate, thyroid), autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, thyroid autoimmunity), obesity and also in cardiovascular, renal, maternal-fetal pathologies. Conclusions. The current studies bring increasingly more evidence about the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in extraskeletal pathology although there is no agreed protocol in this regard. However, these patients should be considered for adequate intake of vitamin D for the prevention, improving the evolution and the prognosis of their disease.
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Yazykova, O. I., und E. G. Khilkevich. „PREGNANCY PLANNING. VITAMIN D DEFICIT – INFERTILITY, CORRECTION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIT“. Medical Council, Nr. 2 (30.12.2017): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2017-2-46-47.
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Study objective. To study the efficacy of the drugs vitamin D at the stage of planning of pregnancy in women with infertility of various etiologies, according to domestic and foreign literature.Materials and methods. We conducted a search of the literature sources by the keywords “vitamin D”, “infertility”, “pregravid preparation” in domestic and foreign databases: elibrary, Medline/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL. 23 sources were selected.Study results. Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the reproductive health of women. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women with infertility of various etiologies reaches 69%. It is vital to achieve an adequate level of vitamin D in a woman’s body and to prevent its deficiency.Conclusion. For all women with infertility at the stage of preparation it is recommended to conduct assessment of adequacy of vitamin D by determination of 25(OH)D in serum and correction of its deficit to achieve levels of 25(OH)D more than 30 ng/ml.
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Al-shahwan, Moayad, Sabrina Ait Gacem, Shahd Shamseddin und Marwa Sammour. „VITAMIN D IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ITS RELATION WITH SEVERAL DISEASES“. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, Nr. 6 (22.11.2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i6.28776.
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Vitamins are organic nutrients and substances that are needed for many biochemical functions. They are one of the six essential elements required for human life. Vitamin D is also known among the public as the Sunshine vitamin, as it is produced internally within the human body when exposed to sunlight and it is well known that the big majority of United Arab Emirates (UAE) population suffer from its deficiency.They are usually not found inside the body and therefore must be eaten from food or taken by supplements. Vitamin D that is obtained from diet or body synthesis when it is exposed to sufficient sunlight is biologically inactive without the enzymatic activation that converts it into its active form in the liver and kidney.Deficiency of vitamin D could lead to many troubling diseases such as depression including seasonal affective disorder, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Arthritis (gout, osteoarthritis, tendonitis), Osteoporosis, gum and teeth diseases, obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, metabolic syndromes, immunity related diseases (sclerosis, erythematosis), and cancer, which will be discussed in this review. The main objective of the current review is to evaluate the associations of vitamin D with the diverse health outcomes according to the latest studies done so far.
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Oudshoorn, Christian, Tischa J. M. van der Cammen, Marion E. T. McMurdo, Johannes P. T. M. van Leeuwen und Edgar M. Colin. „Ageing and vitamin D deficiency: effects on calcium homeostasis and considerations for vitamin D supplementation“. British Journal of Nutrition 101, Nr. 11 (27.04.2009): 1597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509338842.
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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble, seco-steroid hormone. In man, the vitamin D receptor is expressed in almost all tissues, enabling effects in multiple systems of the human body. These effects can be endocrine, paracrine and autocrine. The present review summarises the effects of ageing on the vitamin D endocrine system and on Ca homeostasis. Furthermore, consequences for vitamin D supplementation are discussed.
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ASLAM, MUHAMMAD, ZAHID MASOOD, Abdul SATTAR und Maria Qudsia. „VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;“. Professional Medical Journal 19, Nr. 02 (22.02.2012): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.02.2013.
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Objective: To study the Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. Study Design: A Cross-sectional analyticalstudy through convenient sampling technique. Setting and duration: At a private Clinic located at East Canal Road Faisalabad, from March2011 to June 2011. Material and method: The study included consecutive 61 pregnant women of reproductive age and non-pregnant womenwere excluded. Blood samples were taken in morning i.e. overnight fasting samples, by venepuncture by disposable syringes sample weretaken and samples were stored at -20 degree centigrade till they were analyzed. Our interest was in age and serum Vitamin D 3 levels. Results:Out of 61 pregnant women results showed that 87.0% pregnant women were having Vitamin D deficiency, 10.0% were having Vitamin Dinsufficiency, 3.0% had Vitamin D sufficiency and none shows Vitamin D intoxication. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in pregnantwomen of younger age group. Furthermore prevalence was higher among the pregnant mothers with high parity. Moreover, 65% women werenot exposed to sunlight properly, 60% women had muscle cramps and bony aches. 90% women never were tested for tested Vitamin D levelsbefore. Conclusions: Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is significant in pregnant women. It is also important for its effects on various organsand systems of body as well as on pregnancy and neonate. The different aspects of study led to conclusion to emphasize that Health educationbe imparted to pregnant women and their families in terms of diet, proper sunlight exposure and taking Vitamin D supplements in pregnancy. It isthus recommended to perform Vitamin D levels in every pregnant woman.
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Francis, R. M. „What do we currently know about nutrition and bone health in relation to United Kingdom public health policy with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D?“ British Journal of Nutrition 99, Nr. 1 (19.07.2007): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507791924.
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Public health policy in the UK related to nutrition and bone health has been shaped by reports from the Department of Health (DH), Food Standards Agency and WHO. Dietary reference values (DRV) for a number of nutrients were published in 1991 by the DH Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. The subsequent DH report on nutrition and bone health in 1998 concentrated particularly on Ca and vitamin D, but also briefly addressed the effect of body weight, alcohol and other nutrients. Although this reviewed more recent evidence relating to the effect of higher intakes of Ca and vitamin D from longitudinal and interventional studies, no changes were made to the existing DRV. The Food Standards Agency published a report from their Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals in 2003, which recommended safe upper limits for eight vitamins and minerals, with guidance provided on a further twenty-two nutrients, where there was less information on safety. The WHO report on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases in 2003 addressed the prevention of osteoporosis, making recommendations on Ca, vitamin D, Na, fruit and vegetables, alcohol and body weight. The present paper examines current views on what constitutes an adequate dietary Ca intake and optimal vitamin D status, the DRV for vitamin D in subjects with little or no exposure to sunlight and the results of recent epidemiological studies on the relationship between fracture risk and body weight, alcohol intake and the consumption of other nutrients.
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Bochkareva, Mariya Aleksandrovna, Svetlana Viktorovna Bulgakova und Anula Viktorovna Melikova. „Vitamin D and atopic dermatitis“. Terapevt (General Physician), Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2102-03.
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Allergic diseases, in particular, atopic dermatitis, are becoming a global health problem due to the rapid spread, both as an independent disease and as a predictor of the development of bronchial asthma. Discovery of all the processes of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis will provide great opportunities for the prevention and treatment of this disease. In this regard, special attention is paid to vitamin D, which becomes more and more popular all over the world every year. In addition to the known and studied consequences of vitamin D deficiency for skeletal system health and mineral metabolism, recent studies have shown that calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is involved in many biological processes in the body, including the regulation of the immune system. The discovery of the vitamin D receptor on various cells of the body opens up new prospects for studying the course of various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, vascular atherosclerosis, obesity, autoimmune diseases, oncology and allergies. The review will be devoted to this problem. 38 foreign and 2 domestic sources are cited.
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Malik, Arif, Bushra Shaheen, Muhammad Shahzad Farooq, Qura-Tul Ain und Sulayman Waquar. „VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY;“. Professional Medical Journal 24, Nr. 09 (08.09.2017): 1437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.09.947.
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Background: Deficiency of vitamin D is characterized by the low bone masswhich leads to the bone fragility and high risk of fractures. Bone fractures causes the formationof free radicals, generated by the tissue damaged. Uncontrolled production of free radicalsaccelerates the oxidative stress and increased the bone remodeling process ultimatelycauses osteoporosis. One of the most damaging effects of free radicals is lipid peroxidation;end product of which is MDA, it also act as major factor in osteoblastic activity. Low level ofantioxidative defense system found in osteoporotic patients due to the deficiency of vitamin D.Many important mineral ions removed from bones and risk of bone fragility increases. Currentstudy is aim to check the antioxidative effect produced from excess reactive oxygen speciescompared with low level of vitamin D which is held responsible for higher or lower activityof bone cells. Study Design: Case Control Study. Setting: Study was conducted at Instituteof Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore. Period of Study: Oneyear. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 272 post-menopausal osteoporotic womenbetween the age 49-57 were collected from Jinnah hospital Lahore. While the samples of 92individuals were served as a control. Concentration of both enzymatic and non-enzymaticantioxidant such as CAT, GSH, SOD, GPx and GR, vitamin A, C and E and levels of MDAwere estimated spectrophotometrically. While the concentration of IL6, AOPPS, AGEs, TNF-α,MMP9, Isoprostanes, LDH, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipid weremeasured by using commercially available Elisa kits. Results: Blood plasma levels of vitaminD were significantly lower in osteoporosis patients than in normal subjects. In addition, levelof stress biomarker such as MDA was found to be higher in patients as compared to control.Due to oxidative stress, level of antioxidants (GSH, CAT, and SOD) was found to be reduced.Blood cells and many other important minerals are also reduces in patient group from theirnormal amount. Conclusion: It concludes that excess production of free radicals over whelmsthe antioxidative system, thus it may leads to osteoporosis. Further more antioxidant speciessubjected to body might protect bone loss and also help in acceleration of healing of fracturedbones.
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Lane, Ginny, Christine Nisbet, Susan J. Whiting und Hassan Vatanparast. „Canadian newcomer children’s bone health and vitamin D status“. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, Nr. 7 (Juli 2019): 796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0705.
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Adequate calcium intake and supply of vitamin D during childhood play important roles in ensuring adequate bone mass gain to achieve optimal peak bone mass. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-method cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3–13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. This paper presents bone mineral content and vitamin D status data along with qualitative data that deepen the understanding of newcomer bone health status. A significantly higher percentage of refugee children (72.3%) had insufficient (<50 nmol/L) or deficient (<30 nmol/L) serum vitamin D compared with immigrants (53.2%). Vitamin D deficiency was most common among ethnic minority girls. Newcomer children with higher intakes of vitamin D, younger newcomer children, and those from western Europe or the United States had higher serum vitamin D levels. Immigrants had significantly higher mean total body bone mineral content compared with refugees. Total body fat, serum vitamin D, calcium intake, height, height by calcium intake, total body fat by calcium intake, and total body fat by height predicted total body bone mineral content levels. Vitamin D deficiency among newcomer children may be related to lack of knowledge regarding children’s vitamin D requirements in the Canadian environment, dietary habits established in country of origin, low income that limits healthy dietary choices, and lifestyle habits that limit exposure to sunlight. Results suggest a need to screen newcomer children and pregnant women for vitamin D deficiency and support early intervention.
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Rajan, Sonali, Tom Weishaar und Bryan Keller. „Weight and skin colour as predictors of vitamin D status: results of an epidemiological investigation using nationally representative data“. Public Health Nutrition 20, Nr. 10 (12.02.2016): 1857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000173.
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AbstractObjectiveCurrent US dietary recommendations for vitamin D vary by age. Recent research suggests that body weight and skin colour are also major determinants of vitamin D status. The objective of the present epidemiological investigation was to clarify the role of age as a predictor of vitamin D status, while accounting for body weight and skin colour, among a nationally representative sample.DesignWe calculated the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for the US population by age and weight, as well as by weight and race/ethnicity group. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to evaluate age and weight as predictors of vitamin D status: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with age alone, age and body weight, and age, body weight and their two-way interaction were modelled for the entire sample and each age subgroup. Graphical data were developed using B-spline non-linear regression.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (31 934 unweighted cases).SubjectsIndividuals aged 1 year and older.ResultsThere were highly significant differences in mean vitamin D status among US residents by weight and skin colour, with those having darker skin colour or higher body weight having worse vitamin D status. Although a significant factor, the impact of age on vitamin D status was notably less than the impact of body weight.ConclusionsVitamin D status varied predominantly by body weight and skin colour. Recommendations by nutritionists for diet and supplementation needs should take this into account if vitamin D-related health disparities are to be meaningfully reduced across the USA.
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Rai, Tirthal, Mayur Rai, Janice Dsa, Srinidhi Rai, Sushith P und Rooparani Bhandary. „Impact of Seasonal Variation in Association with Other Factors on Vitamin D Status among Mangalorean Population“. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, Nr. 9 (01.03.2021): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/127.
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BACKGROUND India has plenty of sunshine, yet people here are deprived of vitamin D – ‘sunshine vitamin’. According to endocrine society of India, vitamin D levels of < 20 ng / mL is considered to be vitamin D deficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate seasonal variation of vitamin D and give an insight on risk factors such as age, gender, diet, body mass index, occupation, skin complexion and body surface area exposure on vitamin D level. METHODS The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore on 109 apparently healthy individuals. The same cohort of subjects was followed for two seasons - summer and winter. Serum was collected and analysed for 25-OH vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous. Skin color was assessed according to the Fitzpatrick classification, questionnaire was given to assess the approximate time limit of sun exposure in a day along with the exposed areas to sunlight and anthropometric parameters such as height and weight were measured using standard guidelines. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Comparison of mean vitamin D along with the factors influencing them in both seasons was done using paired t test. Inferential statistical analysis was done using chi-square test. Pearson correlation test was also done. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. RESULTS Mean vitamin D was higher in summer (15.14 ± 5.62) as compared to winter (14.42 ± 5.38) irrespective of the risk factors. Vitamin D deficiency was highest in older age group (83.9 %), females (84.6 %), overweight (100 %), vegetarians (92.3 %), office workers (91.2 %), both complexions and those exposed with < 1.5 hours of sunlight (97.2 %). Vitamin D deficiency was also more prevalent in those with lesser exposed body surface area. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was statistically most common in winter than summer. It was seen correlating with majority of the risk factors, except skin complexion and among the confounding factors. The key for vitamin D production in this population was maximum body surface area exposure (face, hand, leg and feet) to sunlight for more than 2.5 hours, yet these subjects were vitamin D deficient. However, they did not manifest with any skeletal or extra-skeletal morbidity. Thus, concluding that a reliable cut off value for reference range of vitamin D should be set in this population in order to abstain from excess vitamin D treatment. KEY WORDS Sunshine Vitamin, Vitamin D Deficiency, Mangalore, Skin Colour, Sunlight Exposure, Body Surface Area, Summer, Winter
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Wong, Dickson, Dana N. Broberg, Jagroop Doad, Joseph U. Umoh, Miranda Bellyou, Chris J. D. Norley, David W. Holdsworth et al. „Effect of Memantine Treatment and Combination with Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Following Chronic Vitamin D Deficiency“. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, Nr. 1 (04.05.2021): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201137.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency and altered body composition are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Memantine with vitamin D supplementation can protect cortical axons against amyloid-β exposure and glutamate toxicity. Objective: To study the effects of vitamin D deprivation and subsequent treatment with memantine and vitamin D enrichment on whole-body composition using a mouse model of AD. Methods: Male APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were divided into four groups at 2.5 months of age: the control group (n = 14) was fed a standard diet throughout; the remaining mice were started on a vitamin D-deficient diet at month 6. The vitamin D-deficient group (n = 14) remained on the vitamin D-deficient diet for the rest of the study. Of the remaining two groups, one had memantine (n = 14), while the other had both memantine and 10 IU/g vitamin D (n = 14), added to their diet at month 9. Serum 25(OH)D levels measured at months 6, 9, 12, and 15 confirmed vitamin D levels were lower in mice on vitamin D-deficient diets and higher in the vitamin D-supplemented mice. Micro-computed tomography was performed at month 15 to determine whole-body composition. Results: In mice deprived of vitamin D, memantine increased bone mineral content (8.7% increase, p < 0.01) and absolute skeletal tissue mass (9.3% increase, p < 0.05) and volume (9.2% increase, p < 0.05) relative to controls. This was not observed when memantine treatment was combined with vitamin D enrichment. Conclusion: Combination treatment of vitamin D and memantine had no negative effects on body composition. Future studies should clarify whether vitamin D status impacts the effects of memantine treatment on bone physiology in people with AD.
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Li, Saijia, Zhilu Li, Guanlu Li, Yiyu Cai, Yuxuan Wang und Pingping Yan. „Research Progress of Vitamin D and Autoimmune Diseases“. Journal of Advances in Medicine Science 3, Nr. 3 (29.10.2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jams.v3i3.2443.
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As a fat-soluble vitamin, Vitamin D is a necessary hormone to maintain normal physiological activities of the body. In recent years, vitamin D has been considered as a new neuroendocrine-immunomodulatory hormone, and researchers have paid more attention to the study of immune regulatory mechanism. It is not only related to calcium and phosphorus metabolism, bone metabolism and other important metabolic mechanisms of the body, but also closely related to the immune regulation mechanism of the body. Vitamin D deficiency caused by many factors can play a certain role in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this paper, the related mechanisms of vitamin D affecting autoimmune diseases were reviewed, with a view to expound the close correlation between vitamin D and autoimmune diseases, so as to find new diagnosis and treatment approaches for clinical autoimmune diseases and improve the quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Gutnova, Taisiya S., Dmitry V. Kompantsev, Alexey A. Gvozdenko, Vasily N. Kramarenko und Andrey V. Blinov. „VITAMIN D NANOCAPSULATION“. IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 64, Nr. 5 (14.05.2021): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20216405.6399.
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The main objective of the planned experiment is to obtain a stabilized nanoemulsion of vitamin D3, followed by obtaining nanocapsules of vitamin D3 with a high biological potential, as well as to analyze the spatial (dimensional) characteristics, to study the stability and stability of the resulting product. In the presented study, the physicochemical and technological properties of the vitamin D substance were studied and the optimal ultradispersion mode was selected. The composition is experimentally established and a technology for obtaining laboratory samples of nanocapsules is proposed. The shape and size of the obtained nanocapsules with vitamin D were studied. Based on the developed experimental model, the optimal composition of nanocapsules was obtained. The quantitative content of vitamin D3 in the analyzed sample of nanocapsules was 76.9% with a holding time of 2.0 min. The results of studying the stability and stability of vitamin D nanocapsules proved their stability for 12 months. The developed vitamin D nanocapsules are a way of modifying the vitamin D substance for the subsequent production of tablets with improved biopharmaceutical properties. The selection of the composition of excipients based on the prediction of their properties, as well as the technology for producing nanocapsules, allows to increase the duration of the therapeutic effect while simultaneously reducing the maximum concentration of the drug in the body. The optimal composition of solubilizers for achieving a more complete, rapid and targeted dissolution of the active substance in a given part of the intestine has been experimentally confirmed. The aim of the study is to obtain a quality drug with improved properties such as adequate bioavailability, safety, low toxicity, no side effects and controlled release.
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Marino, Rose, und Madhusmita Misra. „Extra-Skeletal Effects of Vitamin D“. Nutrients 11, Nr. 7 (27.06.2019): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071460.
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The vitamin D receptor is expressed in multiple cells of the body (other than osteoblasts), including beta cells and cells involved in immune modulation (such as mononuclear cells, and activated T and B lymphocytes), and most organs in the body including the brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate, breast, and gut. Consequently, the extra-skeletal impact of vitamin D deficiency has been an active area of research. While epidemiological and case-control studies have often suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and conditions such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, connective tissue disorders, inflammatory bowel disorders, chronic hepatitis, food allergies, asthma and respiratory infections, and cancer, interventional studies for the most part have failed to confirm a causative link. This review examines available evidence to date for the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D deficiency, with a focus on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
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Puścion-Jakubik, Anna, Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska, Sylwia K. Naliwajko, Krystyna J. Gromkowska-Kępka, Justyna Moskwa, Monika Grabia, Anita Mielech et al. „Intake of Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals in Relation to Body Composition, Skin Hydration and Lubrication in Young Women“. Antioxidants 10, Nr. 7 (12.07.2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071110.
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The aim of this study was to estimate the consumption of selected dietary components with antioxidant properties, undertake body composition analysis, assess skin hydration and lubrication, and establish the relationships between the above parameters. The study was carried out on 172 young women. The consumption of ingredients (vitamins A, C, D and E, and Cu, Mn, Zn) was assessed using the Diet 6.0 program, body composition was assessed using electrical bioimpedance and skin hydration and lubrication were assessed using the corneometric and sebumetric methods, respectively. About one-third of students showed insufficient consumption of vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc, while about 99% showed insufficient vitamin D levels. The highest degree of hydration was observed in the areas of the eyelids, neckline and chin. The greatest amount of sebum was found in the area of the nose and forehead. Low positive correlations between hydration or lubrication and Cu, vitamin A and vitamin E were observed. In conclusion, to properly moisturize and lubricate the skin, young women should eat products that are rich in ingredients with antioxidant properties, in particular fat-soluble vitamins A and E, but also copper.
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Al Asoom, Lubna Ibrahim. „The Association of Adiposity Indices and Plasma Vitamin D in Young Females in Saudi Arabia“. International Journal of Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1215362.
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Background. Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. Some evidences indicate its association with metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In the current study we aim to study the association of vitamin D level and indicators of adiposity in young Saudi females.Subjects and Methods. 87 young healthy Saudi females were recruited from University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Each subject filled vitamin D questionnaire and had exercise stress test to determine VO2peak. Body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and ratios were determined. Blood was analyzed for 25-OH vitamin D, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and differential cholesterol.Results. 25-OH vitamin D/body weight was negatively associated with waist circumference and waist/stature ratio. No significant difference was found between the groups of BMI with regard to the data of questionnaire or 25-OH vitamin D/body weight. Obese and overweight subjects had lower VO2peak.Conclusion. In young Saudi females we found that the relative value of vitamin D to body weight is a better indicator of vitamin D status particularly in obese subjects and it is negatively associated with adiposity measures of waist circumference and waist/stature ratio.
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Larson-Meyer, D. Enette, Corey S. Douglas, Joi J. Thomas, Evan C. Johnson, Jacqueline N. Barcal, Jenna E. Heller, Bruce W. Hollis und Tanya M. Halliday. „Validation of a Vitamin D Specific Questionnaire to Determine Vitamin D Status in Athletes“. Nutrients 11, Nr. 11 (11.11.2019): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112732.
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The study objective was to validate a food frequency and lifestyle questionnaire (FFLQ) to assess vitamin D intake and lifestyle factors affecting status. Methods: Data collected previously during the fall (n = 86), winter (n = 49), and spring (n = 67) in collegiate-athletes (Study 1) and in active adults (n = 123) (Study 2) were utilized. Study 1: Vitamin D intake and ultraviolet B exposure were estimated using the FFLQ and compared to serum 25(OH)D concentrations via simple correlation and linear regression modeling. Study 2: Vitamin D intake from food was estimated using FFLQ and compared to vitamin D intake reported in 7-Day food diaries via paired t-test and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: Study 1: Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with vitamin D intake from food, food plus supplements, or sun exposure, but was associated with tanning bed use (r = 0.39) in spring, supplement use in fall (r = 0.28), and BMI (body mass index) (r = −0.32 to −0.47) across all seasons. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were explained by BMI, tanning bed use, and sun exposure in fall, (R = 0.42), BMI in winter (R = 0.32), and BMI and tanning bed use in spring (R = 0.52). Study 2: Estimated Vitamin D intake from food was 186.4 ± 125.7 via FFLQ and 148.5 ± 228.2 IU/day via food diary. There was no association between intake estimated by the two methodologies (r = 0.12, p < 0.05). Conclusions: FFLQ-estimated vitamin D intake was not associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration or food-record-estimated vitamin D intake. Results highlight the difficulty of designing/utilizing intake methodologies for vitamin D, as its status is influenced by body size and both endogenous and exogenous (dietary) sources.
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Rabufetti, Andrea, Gregorio P. Milani, Sebastiano A. G. Lava, Valeria Edefonti, Mario G. Bianchetti, Andreas Stettbacher, Franco Muggli und Giacomo Simonetti. „Vitamin D Status Among Male Late Adolescents Living in Southern Switzerland: Role of Body Composition and Lifestyle“. Nutrients 11, Nr. 11 (11.11.2019): 2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112727.
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Background: Poor vitamin D status is a worldwide health problem. Yet, knowledge about vitamin D status among adolescents in Southern Europe is limited. This study investigated concentrations and modulating factors of vitamin D in a healthy population of male late adolescents living in Southern Switzerland. Methods: All apparently healthy subjects attending for the medical evaluation before the compulsory military service in Southern Switzerland during 2014-2016 were eligible. Dark-skin subjects, subjects on vitamin D supplementation or managed with diseases or drugs involved in vitamin D metabolism were excluded. Anthropometric measurements (body height, weight, fat percentage, mid-upper arm and waist circumference) and blood sampling for total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, total cholesterol and ferritin concentrations testing, were collected. Participants filled in a structured questionnaire addressing their lifestyle. Characteristics of the subjects with adequate (≥50 nmol/L–≤250 nmol/L) and insufficient (<50 nmol/L) vitamin D values were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test or χ2 test. Odds ratios for 25-hydroxy-vitamin D insufficiency were calculated by univariate and AIC-selected multiple logistic regression models. Results: A total of 1045 subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Insufficient concentrations of vitamin D were detected in 184 (17%). The season of measurement was the most significant factor associated with vitamin D levels and approximately 40% of subjects presented insufficient vitamin D concentrations in winter. After model selection, body fat percentage, frequency and site of recreational physical activity, and the seasonality were significantly associated with the risk of vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusions: Among healthy male late adolescents in Southern Switzerland, about one every fourth subject presents a poor vitamin D status in non-summer seasons. Body fat percentage, frequent and outdoor recreational physical activity are modulating factors of vitamin D status in this population.
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Hymøller, Lone, und Søren K. Jensen. „25-hydroxyvitamin D circulates in different fractions of calf plasma if the parent compound is vitamin D2or vitamin D3, respectively“. Journal of Dairy Research 83, Nr. 1 (26.11.2015): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029915000588.
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Vitamin D has become one of the most discussed nutrients in human nutrition, which has led to an increased interest in milk as a vitamin D source. Problems related to fortifying milk with synthetic vitamin D can be avoided by securing a high content of natural vitamin D in the milk by supplying dairy cows with sufficient vitamin D. However, choosing the most efficient route and form of supplementation requires insight into how different vitamin D metabolites are transported in the body of cattle. There are two forms of vitamin D: vitamin D2(D2) and vitamin D3(D3). Vitamin D2originates from fungi on roughage. Vitamin D3originates either from endogenous synthesis in the skin or from feed supplements. Vitamin D2is chemically different from, and less physiologically active than, D3. Endogenous and dietary D3is chemically similar but dietary D3is toxic, whereas endogenous D3appears well regulated in the body.
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Brzeziński, Michał, Agnieszka Jankowska, Magdalena Słomińska-Frączek, Paulina Metelska, Piotr Wiśniewski, Piotr Socha und Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz. „Long-Term Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Obese Children During Integrated Weight–Loss Programme—A Double Blind Randomized Placebo–Controlled Trial“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 4 (15.04.2020): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041093.
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Background: Vitamin D was studied in regards to its possible impact on body mass reduction and metabolic changes in adults and children with obesity yet there were no studies assessing the impact of vitamin D supplementation during a weight management program in children and adolescence. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of 26 weeks of vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese children undergoing an integrated 12–months’ long weight loss program on body mass reduction, body composition and bone mineral density. Methods: A double–blind randomized placebo–controlled trial. Vitamin D deficient patients (<30 ng/ml level of vitamin D) aged 6–14, participating in multidisciplinary weight management program were randomly allocated to receiving vitamin D (1200 IU) or placebo for the first 26 weeks of the intervention. Results: Out of the 152 qualified patients, 109 (72%) completed a full cycle of four visits scheduled in the program. There were no difference in the level of BMI (body mass index) change – both raw BMI and BMI centiles. Although the reduction of BMI centiles was greater in the vitamin D vs. placebo group (−4.28 ± 8.43 vs. −2.53 ± 6.10) the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.319). Similarly the reduction in fat mass—assessed both using bioimpedance and DEXa was achieved, yet the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study ads substantial results to support the thesis on no effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight reduction in children and adolescents with vitamin D insufficiency undergoing a weight management program.
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Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur. „Vitamin D Deficiency: A common problem worldwide“. Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, Nr. 2 (10.12.2020): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v2i2.184.
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Humans get vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. Diet and dietary supplements are other sources of vitamin D. Our body creates most of our vitamin D from modest exposure to direct Ultraviolet B (UVB) sunlight. Regular, short periods of UVB exposure during the summer months are enough to get required vitamin D for most people. Sunscreen might block the vitamin D synthesis process in skin. Solar ultraviolet B radiation (wavelength, 290 to 315 nm) penetrates the skin and converts7-dehydrocholesterol to provitamin D3, which is rapidly converted to vitamin D3. Excessive exposure to sunlight does not cause vitamin D3 intoxication but excess oral intake can cause intoxication. Therefore, we should be careful while taking dietary supplements of vitamin D.
Regardless of the good sunlight exposure, surprisingly, the blood level of vitamin D is found to be low in people of South Asian countries including Nepal. No practice of sun bath and all the time body coverage with clothes could be the possible reason of low vitamin D level in this region of the world. Another possibility is normal reference value of vitamin D level might be low in South Asians compared to western countries. So, large scale research including all required parameters can solve these concerns and queries.
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Gupta, Pankaj, und Lalit Nainiwal. „Levels of vitamin D in tuberculosis and comparison of vitamin D level in severe variant of tuberculosis like tubercular meningitis, miliary tuberculosis, disseminated tuberculosis with non severe variant of tuberculosis like pulmonary tuberculosis, tubercular lymphadenitis etc in paediatric age group“. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, Nr. 5 (24.04.2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201637.
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Background: Tuberculosis is deadliest disease killing nearly 2 million people every year. Before the etiologic cause of TB was determined by Koch, cod liver oil and sunlight, both sources of vitamin D, were used in treatment of tuberculosis. After discovery of antibiotics, anti-infectious value of vitamin D was ignored until increasing cost of antibiotics and rise in resistance led to the need to search for alternative and antibiotic-independent therapeutic strategies. This study shed light on vitamin D, which is very safe and inexpensive by adding vitamin D to antibiotic treatment, immune system can be boosted to help body to clear TB, rather than relying on antibiotics.Methods: A prospective, observational, comparative study in which 62 TB patients were taken and vitamin D level were estimated.Results: The results of study show that out of total 62 patients, 31 (50.00%) had deficient(<20ng/ml) vitaminD,23(37.10%) had insufficient(20-30ng/ml) vitamin D, 8(12.90%) had sufficient (>30ng/ml) vitamin D level. Out of 62 patients, 10(62.13%) had severe variety of TB and 52(83.87%) had nonsevere TB. Among the 52 patients, 24(46.2%) had deficient vitamin D, 20(38.5%) had insufficient vitamin D and 8(15.4%) had sufficient vitamin D. Among the 10 patients with severe TB, 7(70.00%) had deficient vitamin D, 3(30.00%) had insufficient vitamin D and none had sufficient vitamin D level.Conclusions: Majority of children with tuberculosis demonstrated low serum levels of vitamin D (deficient and insufficient levels) suggest that vitamin D deficiency is risk factor of tuberculosis and very low levels of vitamin D were noted in severe variant of TB then non severe suggest that in severe form of tuberculosis vitamin D levels were less compared to nonsevere variant.
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Ma, Kristine, Shu Qin Wei, Wei Guang Bi, Hope A. Weiler und Shi Wu Wen. „Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children’s Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials“. Nutrients 13, Nr. 2 (05.02.2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020524.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children. Objective: We aim to summarize the available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on child growth and body composition. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during early life on children’s growth and body composition (bone, lean and fat). A literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy on children’s body composition (bone, lean and fat) in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 31 December 2020. A Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. The comparison was vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo or standard care. Random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted. The effects are presented as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 3960 participants from eleven randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with higher triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (MD 0.33, 95% CI, 0.12, 0.54; I2 = 34%) in neonates. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy was associated with significantly increased length for age z-score in infants at 1 year of age (MD 0.29, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.54; I2 = 0%), and was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (MD −0.19, 95% CI −0.34, −0.04; I2 = 0%) and body mass index z-score (BMIZ) (MD −0.12, 95% CI −0.21, −0.04; I2 = 0%) in offspring at 3–6 years of age. Vitamin D supplementation during early life was not observed to be associated with children’s bone, lean or fat mass. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy may be associated with reduced adiposity in childhood. Further large clinical trials of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on childhood body composition are warranted.
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Pérez-López, Faustino R., Peter Chedraui und Stefan Pilz. „Vitamin D supplementation after the menopause“. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 11 (Januar 2020): 204201882093129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018820931291.
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The purpose of this review was to assess recent evidence regarding the effects of low vitamin D levels on some highly prevalent clinical conditions of postmenopausal women. We reviewed and selected recent literature regarding menopause-related conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency and interventions to manage them. Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels related to menopause are linked to diet, lifestyle, changes in body composition, insulin sensitivity, and reduced physical activity. Vitamin D supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D levels while normalizing parathyroid hormone and bone markers, and in women with serum 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/ml supplementation may improve bone mineral density. Low vitamin D status has been associated with the metabolic syndrome, high triglyceride levels, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. When compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation may lower the risk of the metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. There is an inverse relationship between fat mass and serum 25(OH)D levels and, therefore, the dosage of supplementation should be adjusted according to the body mass index. Although vitamin D supplementation may improve glucose metabolism in prediabetic subjects, data regarding muscle strength are conflictive. There is evidence that vitamin D over-treatment, to reach extremely high circulating 25(OH)D levels, does not result in better clinical outcomes. The identification and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women may improve their general health and health outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation should preferably be based on the use of either cholecalciferol or calcifediol.
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Lin, Lin, Lei Zhang, Chao Li, Zhibo Gai und Yunlun Li. „Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor: New Insights in the Treatment of Hypertension“. Current Protein & Peptide Science 20, Nr. 10 (20.09.2019): 984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190807130504.
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Vitamin D, as a natural medicine, is known to regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis. But abundant research has shown that vitamin D also plays a regulatory role in autoimmunity, inflammation, angiogenesis and vascular cell activity. Since the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is widely distributed in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, the role of vitamin D and VDR in hypertension has received extensive attention. Hypertension is a disease with high incidence and high cardiovascular risk. In recent years, both clinical trials and animal experiments have shown that vitamin D plays a regulatory role in decreasing blood pressure (BP) through inhibiting renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, modulating function of vascular wall and reducing vascular oxidative stress. A growing body of data suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in hypertension, even short-term vitamin D deficiency may directly raise BP and promote target organ damage. Due to the high correlation between vitamin D and hypertension, vitamin D supplementation therapy may be a new insight in the treatment of hypertension. The aim of this review will explore the mechanisms of the vitamin D and VDR in regulating the BP and protecting against the target organ damage.
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Looker, Anne C. „Do Body Fat and Exercise Modulate Vitamin D Status?“ Nutrition Reviews 65 (28.06.2008): S124—S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00339.x.
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Looker, Anne C. „Do Body Fat and Exercise Modulate Vitamin D Status?“ Nutrition Reviews 65, Nr. 8 (01.08.2007): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1301/nr.2007.aug.s124-s126.
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Bachry, Noveldy Calzoum, Nur Riviati, Yulianto kusnadi und Erial Bahar. „Correlation of Vitamin D Serum Levels with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in the Elderly Community in Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang“. Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, Nr. 2 (26.01.2021): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i2.225.
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A B S T R A C TIntroductionOlder people tend to have decreased activity and intake of macronutrients andmicronutrients that are not in accordance with the body's needs. Research in 2017on elderly men and women at the Center for Family Compensation (PUSAKA) inCentral Jakarta showed that 80.2% of elderly people have vitamin D deficiency. Lowserum levels of vitamin D in the body are the initial risk of decreased muscle massand physical performance in old age. where there is a significant correlation betweenlow serum vitamin D levels in the body with sarcopenia and mortality. The purposeof this study was to determine the correlation of vitamin D levels with muscle mass,muscle strength and physical performance in the elderly community at RSMHPalembang. Methods This research is a study analytic observation with a cross-sectional approach that was carried out at the Integrated Geriatric Clinic InternalMedicine RSMH Palembang from November 2019 to November 2020. A sample of 34people aged> 60 years were examined for muscle mass, muscle strength, physicalperformance and serum vitamin D levels. All processing and analysis The data inthis study used SPSS version 25 for Windows. Results From 34 subjects, it wasfound that there were 29 women (85.3%) and 5 men (14.7%). The mean value ofmuscle mass is38.76 ± 4.1 kg / m2, long runs within 6 meters 6.12± 0.9 m / sec,and hand grip strength 24.9 ± 5.2 kg. It was found that 18 (62.1%) female sampleshad vitamin D deficiency while 11 (37.9%) samples had vitamin D insufficiency.There was a significant correlation between muscle mass and hand grip strengthwith vitamin D with weak correlation strength and length of walking with vitamin Dwith moderate correlation strength.Conclusion There is a significant correlationbetween muscle mass and grip strength and walking time of 6 meters with vitaminD.
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ROCHA, Liane Murari, Daniela Cristina da Silva BALDAN, Aglécio Luiz SOUZA, Elinton Adami CHAIM, Elizabeth João PAVIN und Sarah Monte ALEGRE. „Body composition and metabolic profile in adults with vitamin D deficiency“. Revista de Nutrição 30, Nr. 4 (August 2017): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000400002.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the body composition and metabolic profile in individuals in terms of different concentrations of serum vitamin D, ranging from deficiency to sufficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 106 adults of both genders, who were divided into three groups according to vitamin D levels: deficiency: <20ng/mL; insufficiency: 20-29.9ng/mL; and sufficiency: 30-100ng/mL. Anthropometric evaluation included weight, height, and body circumferences. Fat mass and lean mass were assessed using the Tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were also carried out. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin index. Results: The analysis showed that the main alterations in individuals in the vitamin D deficiency group were higher triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, waist circumference, and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin than those of the vitamin D sufficient group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that vitamin D deficiency causes important body composition and metabolic changes, which may lead to diseases such as diabetes Mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
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Dewi, Ni Putu Puspita Adhytiarini, Hardhono Susanto und Ali Rosidi. „Hubungan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi, lean body mass, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kepadatan tulang pada mahasiswa Universitas Udayana Denpasar“. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 4, Nr. 2 (30.12.2016): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.4.2.96-101.
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Background: Bone formation and peak bone mass determine with bone density in adulthood related with osteopenia or osteoporosis. It could be influenced by nutrition intakes, lean body mass, and physical activity.Objective: to analyze the correlation between nutritional adequacy, lean body mass, physical activity and bone mineral density in Udayana University Economic’s students, Denpasar. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was done to female students of Faculty of Economic and Business, Udayana University, Denpasar. Seventy five subjects were choosen by simple random sampling. Results: Research subjects were aged 20-25 years old. The mean t-score of bone mineral density is -0,363 ± 1,057. Research subjects were classified as low bone density (osteopenia) 26,7% and 73,3% are normal. Intakes of animal protein (p = 0,042) and lean body mass (p = 0,011) are related with bone mineral density protein (p = 0,955) but not on intakes of vitamin A (p = 0,249), vitamin C (p = 0,632), vitamin D (p = 0,864), calcium (p = 0,724), iron (p = 0,768), magnesium (p = 0,689), phosphorus (p = 0,716), and physical activity (p = 0,254). There were a positive trend on the level of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorus sufficiency.Conclusions: Intakes of Animal protein, lean body mass and physical activity related with bone mineral density but not on protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus intake.
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Heller, Jenna E., Joi J. Thomas, Bruce W. Hollis und D. Enette Larson-Meyer. „Relation Between Vitamin D Status and Body Composition in Collegiate Athletes“. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, Nr. 2 (April 2015): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0250.
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Excess body fat or obesity is known to increase risk of poor vitamin D status in nonathletes but it is not known if this is the case in athletes. Furthermore, the reason for this association is not understood, but is thought to be due to either sequestration of the fat-soluble vitamin within adipose tissue or the effect of volume dilution related to obese individuals’ larger body size. Forty two US college athletes (24 men 18 women, 20.7 ± 1.6 years, 85.0 ± 28.7 kg, BMI = 25.7 ± 6.1 kg/m2) provided blood samples during the fall and underwent measurement of body composition via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum samples were evaluated for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration to assess vitamin D status using Diasorin 25(OH)D radioiodine assay. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was negatively associated with height (r = -0.45), total body mass (r = -0.57), BMI (r = -0.57), body fat percentage (r = -0.45), fat mass (r = -0.60) and fat-free mass (r = -0.51) (p < .05). These associations did not change after controlling for sex. In a linear regression mixed model, fat mass (coefficient -0.47, p = .01), but not fat-free mass (coefficient -0.18, p = .32) significantly predicted vitamin D status and explained approximately 36% of the variation in serum 25(OH)D concentration. These results suggest that athletes with a large body size and/or excess adiposity may be at higher risk for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. In addition, the significant association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and fat mass in the mixed model, which remained after controlling for sex, is in support of vitamin D sequestration rather than volume dilution as an explanation for such association.
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Джатдоева, Д. Т., А. А. Гочияев, М. Б. Семенов und З. М. Каппушева. „THE BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF VITAMIN D“. Vestnik, Nr. 2 (25.06.2021): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2021.12.26.030.
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В статье рассматриваются заболевания, зависящие от уровня витамина D в организме, возможные методы коррекции его уровня и их последствия. Рассматривается зависимость организма -как единого целого от уровня данного витамина в крови. На данный момент во всем мире наблюдается глобальный дефицит витамина D, у всех пациентов, которые сдают данный анализ, которое так же было выявлено на фоне глобальной пандемии “COVID-19”. Влияние витамина D на иммунитет абсолютно точно доказано, и поэтому его дефицитное состояние может ухудшать течение различных заболеваний. Также витамин D выступает в качестве гормона, недостаток которого приводит к патологиям сердечно-сосудистой системы, рахиту, остеопорозу, сахарному диабету, ожирению и другим серьезным заболеваниям. Неоднократно рассматривалось влияние его уровня на постоперационное восстановление. В статье так же приводятся методы коррекции посредством UV в зимнее время, которое как показали данные является опасной. В статье описываются нейродегенеративные расстройства, на которых оказывает огромное влияние уровень данного витамина и его профилактика. Проанализировано влияние его уровня на здоровье пациенток в постменопаузе, приводящее к нежелательным последствиям в том числе и остеопорозу. Приведены примеры влияния на защитные свойства ротовой полости при пародонте и кариесе. Описывается влияние на процесс течения острых респираторных заболеваний у детей, а также влияние на течение болезни при сахарном диабете. The article discusses diseases that depend on the level of vitamin D in the body, possible methods of correcting its level and their consequences. The dependence of the body on the level of this vitamin in the blood is considered. At the moment, there is a global vitamin D deficiency worldwide, which was revealed during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The positive effect of vitamin D on the immune system has been proven, and therefore its deficiency can worsen the course of various diseases. Vitamin D also acts as a hormone, the lack of which leads to pathologies of the cardiovascular system, rickets, osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity, and other serious diseases. The influence of its level on postoperative recovery is also considered. In addition, the article provides methods of correction by means of UV treatment in winter, which, as the data has shown, is dangerous. The article describes neurodegenerative disorders, which are greatly influenced by the level of this vitamin and its prevention. The influence of its level on the health of postmenopausal patients, leading to undesirable consequences, including osteoporosis, is analyzed. Examples of the effect on the protective properties of the oral cavity in periodontal disease and caries are given. The article describes the effect on the course of acute respiratory diseases in children, as well as the effect on the course of the disease in diabetes mellitus.
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Kobilyukh, I. B. „Correction of antioxidant protection of cows organism in theperiod of laboratory drugs with content of non-participants of metals“. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, Nr. 83 (02.03.2018): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8339.
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The enhancement of free radical oxidation, characteristic of inflammatory processes, is accompanied by a violation of the properties of biological membranes, the functioning of cells and damage to surrounding tissues. The purpose and task of the research was to make correction of antioxidant protection of the body of cows during the period of dry preparations containing nanoparticles of metals. To activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period, use the vitamin complex «Nanovit». The experiment was conducted on cows of Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed in Agroprodservice-Invest LLP of the Kozivsky District of the Ternopil Oblast. The experiment was conducted before 35–25 days to the calves birth where the experimental and control groups of cows were formed (n = 10). Cows of the experimental group for 35–25 days to the cattle, intramuscularly injected 5.0 ml vitamin complex «Nanovit» (composition: vitamins A, D, E and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co). Producer of «NVP» LLC «Ecological Capital». Cows of the control group for 35–25 days to the catheter, intramuscularly administered 15.0 ml of the drug Prodevit-tetra (1 ml of the preparation contains vitamin A – 50000 IU, vitamin D – 25000 IU, vitamin E – 20 mg, vitamin F – 6 mg). Manufacturer of Product Ltd. The study found that vitamins A, D, E, and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, which are part of the drug «Nanovit», activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period. So after the application of the drug «Nanovit» in the body of cows there was a decrease of 58.5% (Р ≤ 0.01) of diene conjugates and 95.0% (Р ≤ 0.001) of TBK-active products against the background of an increase of 20.0% (Р ≤ 0.01) activity of catalase. After the application of the drug «Nanovit», the service period of the period from cows decreased by 54 days, and the index of insemination decreased by 0.2 units against the cows fed «Prodevit-tetra», indicating a positive effect of the drug containing the nanoparticles of metals Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and vitamins A, D, E during the post-period period in cows.
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Haleem, Azad A. „Serum Vitamin D Level in Children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Duhok city, Iraq“. Science Journal of University of Zakho 7, Nr. 1 (30.03.2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.1.536.
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in the Β-cells of pancreatic islets. Vitamin D is essential in maintaining the bone health. It has proven that Vitamin D has an autoimmune disorders including T1DM. Hence, the aim is to detect the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children with T1DM. A case control study conducted in Duhok, North of Iraq between 15th of February and 15th of August 2016. 100 enrolled participants aged from 5 to 15 years of both genders were divided in to two groups. Fifty of them had T1DM and 50 children who were healthy and non-diabetic. All participants were studied in terms of age, gender, duration of diabetes, glycemic control (HbA1c) and Body Mass index .Samples of blood were taken to measure serum Vitamin D and HbA1c levels. Mean serum Vitamin D level in diabetic group was 6.068 ±2.45 ng/mL while in the control group it was 21.101 ±9.23 ng/mL. Vitamin D were lower in the diabetic patients than controls (P= 0.01). Vitamin D level was indirectly correlated with duration of diabetes (P=0.01).Level of Vitamin D was decreased with increasing HbA1C (P=0.01). Level of Vitamin D was not significantly related to body mass index. Vitamin D level is not significantly related to body mass index.
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Suplotova, Liudmila A., Valeria A. Avdeeva und Liudmila Y. Rozhinskaya. „Vitamin D status in residents of Tyumen region“. Obesity and metabolism 16, Nr. 2 (16.09.2019): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet10162.
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BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide is often associated with the region of residence.
AIMS: to study the level of vitamin D in serum of residents living in Tyumen region, to assess the frequency of occurrence of insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in the region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, single-site, transverse, selective, uncontrolled study of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adults in Tyumen region, conducted from November 2017 to March 2018.
RESULTS: Optimal levels of 25(OH)D in the residents of the Tyumen region were found in 7.3% of patients, its insufficiency was registered in 22.0% of cases, and defficiency in 70.7%. There was a weak correlation relationship between lower values of 25(OH)D in those examined with obesity according to body mass index (r = -0.104, p 0.05) and waist circumference (r = -0.239, p 0.05), and with greater body mass (r = -0.130, p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D among the adult population living in Tyumen region has been revealed. Additionally, it has been established that the level of vitamin D is not associated with gender and age, but is associated with BMI, waist circumference and body weight of patients.
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Aris, Norliyana, Hamid Jan Bin Jan Mohamed und Wan Mohd Izani Bin Wan Mohamed. „Effects of Moderate Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Among Malay Women“. Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (Juni 2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab059_005.
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Abstract Objectives Known as ‘sunshine vitamin’, sun exposure is a major and natural source of vitamin D. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D concentration among Malay women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was carried out among female indoor workers with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/l) for 12 weeks to evaluate the effects of moderate sun exposure (n = 19; 15 minutes sun exposure biweekly on face, lower arms, hands and feet), vitamin D supplementation (n = 15; 50 000 IU cholecalciferol weekly) and placebo (n = 15) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Data was collected twice from each respondent, firstly during baseline and secondly during endpoint. Body composition measurements (body fat percentage and body mass index), fasting blood test (serum 25(OH)D level) and questionnaire (socio-demographic, physical activity and dietary vitamin D intake) were conducted. The vitamin D classification was based on the 2011 Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines. Repeated measure ANOVA within group analysis was applied. Results The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly among study groups except for age (F = 6.15, p = 0.004). After 12 weeks, serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in sun exposure (mean difference (MD) = 14.27 nmol/l, p < 0.001) and vitamin D supplement group (MD = 14.30 nmol/l, p < 0.001) but not in the placebo group (MD = 1.63 nmol/l, p = 0.067). Conclusions The 12-weeks intervention with moderate sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation showed a similar significant increment in serum 25(OH)D levels. However, no changes in serum 25(OH)D was observed in the placebo group. These results showed that sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplement were equally helpful in improving serum 25(OH)D levels in participants with vitamin D deficiency. Funding Sources Short Term Research Grant, Universiti Sains Malaysia.