Thematische Bibliographien / Vitamin C loss

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Vitamin C loss“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 6. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Vitamin C loss"

Zhu, Ling-Ling, Jay Cao, Merry Sun, Tony Yuen, Raymond Zhou, Jianhua Li, Yuanzhen Peng, et al. "Vitamin C Prevents Hypogonadal Bone Loss." PLoS ONE 7, no. 10 (October 8, 2012): e47058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047058.

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Curhan, Sharon G., Konstantina M. Stankovic, Roland D. Eavey, Molin Wang, Meir J. Stampfer, and Gary C. Curhan. "Carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate and risk of self-reported hearing loss in women." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 102, no. 5 (September 9, 2015): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.109314.

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ABSTRACT Background: Higher intake of certain vitamins may protect against cochlear damage from vascular compromise and oxidative stress, thereby reducing risk of acquired hearing loss, but data are limited. Objective: We prospectively examined the relation between carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate intake and risk of self-reported hearing loss in women. Design: This prospective cohort study followed 65,521 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II from 1991 to 2009. Baseline and updated information obtained from validated biennial questionnaires was used in Cox proportional h

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Drouin, Guy, Jean-Remi Godin, and Benoit Page. "The Genetics of Vitamin C Loss in Vertebrates." Current Genomics 12, no. 5 (August 1, 2011): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211796429736.

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Afolabi, Ayobami Oladele, Olaolu Opeyemi Olotu, and Isiaka Abdullateef Alagbonsi. "Vitamins E and C Alleviate the Germ Cell Loss and Oxidative Stress in Cryptorchidism When Administered Separately but Not When Combined in Rats." ISRN Pharmacology 2012 (October 30, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/843569.

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The antioxidant effects of vitamins C and E on cryptorchidism-induced oxidative stress were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided in a blinded fashion into five groups (). Group 1 was sham operated and treated with vehicle (corn-oil, 10 mL/kg). Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were rendered unilaterally cryptorchid and treated with vehicle (10 mL/kg), vitamin E solution (75 mg/kg), vitamin C solution (1.25 g/kg), and combination of vitamin E (75 mg/kg) and vitamin C (1.25 g/kg) solutions, respectively. Germ cell count, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total pro

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Cui, Jie, Xinpu Yuan, Lina Wang, Gareth Jones, and Shuyi Zhang. "Recent Loss of Vitamin C Biosynthesis Ability in Bats." PLoS ONE 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): e27114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027114.

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May, James M., Zhi-chao Qu, Huan Qiao, and Mark J. Koury. "Maturational loss of the vitamin C transporter in erythrocytes." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 360, no. 1 (August 2007): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.072.

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Halpner, Andrew D., Garry J. Handelman, Jason M. Harris, Cheryl A. Belmont, and Jeffrey B. Blumberg. "Protection by Vitamin C of Loss of Vitamin E in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 359, no. 2 (November 1998): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1998.0914.

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Cvetkovic, Biljana, and Marija Jokanovic. "Effect of preservation method and storage condition on ascorbic acid loss in beverages." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 40 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0940001c.

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Global market is flooded with vitamin-enriched foods, mainly beverages. Major vitamins for enriching beverages are the antioxidant vitamins A, C and E. Ascorbic acid is readily oxidized and lost during storage of the beverages, at rates depending on the conditions of storage. This fact is of great importance for the consumer who must know how to store beverages and when to consume them in order to get the maximum benefit of added vitamin C. The objective of this paper was to determine the amount of ascorbic acid lost in beverages applying different preservation methods and storage condition. B

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Busso, Dolores, Andrea David, Reyna Penailillo, Guadalupe Echeverría, Attilio Rigotti, Irina Kovalskys, Georgina Gómez, et al. "Intake of Vitamin E and C in Women of Reproductive Age: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061954.

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Vitamin E was identified as a lipophilic compound essential to maintain rat pregnancy. Low vitamin E intake during early pregnancy associates with congenital malformations and embryonic loss in animals and with miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipoperoxidation and exerts non-antioxidant activities. Its function can be restored by vitamin C; thus, intake and circulating levels of both micronutrients are frequently analyzed together. Although substantial vitamin E inadequacy was reported worldwide, its consumption in Latin America

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Deyhim, Farzad, Kimberly Strong, Niaz Deyhim, Sarvenaz Vandyousefi, Alexis Stamatikos, and Bahram Faraji. "Vitamin C reverses bone loss in an osteopenic rat model of osteoporosis." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 88, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000486.

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Abstract. Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin C with antioxidant properties which are known to influence bone quality. This study evaluated whether vitamin C (1000 mg/L) added to drinking water reverses the bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Ninety-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either sham (n = 14) or ovariecotmized groups (n = 28). Sixty days after ovariectomy, the treatments were sham, ovariectomy (OVX), OVX + vitamin C (22 mg oral intake daily) for 60 days. Urine was collected for deoxypyridinoline (DPD) evaluation, rats were sacrificed, and antioxidant c

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Vitamin C loss"

Echevarria, Doménica, and Valeria Lopez. "Percepciones sobre los cambios en la actividad física y el consumo de frutas ricas en vitamina C durante la pandemia por el COVID-19 en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656822.

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Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones sobre cambios en la actividad física y el consumo de frutas ricas en vitamina C durante la pandemia por el COVID 19, en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima. Diseño: Es un estudio cualitativo con un diseño de investigación fenomenológica. La fenomenología es un estudio que busca comprender experiencias vividas por el individuo (17,18,19).

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Riveros, Salvatierra Raúl. "Efecto de la Materia Orgánica Soluble y Coloidal de los Biosólidos Sobre la Biodisponibilidad de Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd y los Niveles de Acido Ascórbico y Glutatión en Plantas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105668.

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Memoria para optar al título de Químico<br>El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la materia orgánica soluble y la materia orgánica coloidal de dos biosólidos obtenidos por distintos procesos, sobre la biodisponibilidad de cobre, plomo, cadmio, níquel y niveles de glutatión oxidado (GSSG) y reducido (GSH), ácido ascórbico (AA) y ácido dehidroascórbico (ADHA) en plantas de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). El estudio involucró el cultivo hidropónico de plantas bajo condiciones controladas y el análisis de elementos mediante espectroscopía de absorción atómica, emisión ató

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Burg, Philippe. "Transferts de chaleur et d'eau et destruction de la vitamine c lors de la cuisson d'aliments a base de pomme de terre." Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0500.

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La premiere partie du memoire est consacree a l'etude des phenomenes de transfert de chaleur et d'eau lors de la cuisson d'un cylindre de pomme de terre. Cinq appareils de cuisson (four a vapeur d'eau surchauffee, four classique a convection naturelle, four classique a convection forcee, four a micro-ondes, autocuiseur) font l'objet de l'etude experimentale et permettent de faire varier les conditions de transfert de chaleur et de matiere entre le milieu de cuisson et la surface de l'aliment. L'evolution des temperatures et de la masse du cylindre est mesuree et l'influence des conditions de t

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Córdova, Crisanto Raúl Ernesto. "Efecto de la suplementación de vitamina C oral en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) sometidos a reducción del espacio vital sobre los parámetros productivos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16891.

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Determina el efecto de la suplementación de vitamina c oral en cuyes sometidos reducción del espacio vital sobre parámetros productivos en cuyes con alimentación a base de concentrado se diseñó el presente ensayo, se utilizó 50 cuyes recién destetados divididos al azar en 5 grupos diferentes durante los meses de mayo y junio a una temperatura promedio de 20°C. Los grupos fueron: T1: animales alimentados únicamente con concentrado; estos fueron suplementados con vitamina C vía oral a dosis de 25mg/kg/día, diluida en 0.1 ml de agua destilada y mantenidos en un espacio de 0.20m2 por cuy.

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Alcántara, González María de Lourdes. "Estimación de los daños físicos y evaluación de la calidad de la fresa durante el manejo poscosecha y el transporte simulado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/6473.

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No hay suficientes datos sobre el porcentaje de pérdidas poscosecha durante el manejo de la fresa en la región de Irapuato, ni de los principales factores que reducen la calidad de la fruta. Por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar los daños físicos y evaluar la calidad de la fresa durante el manejo poscosecha y el transporte simulado, así como identificar los principales factores que la afectan. Para ello, se procedió a cuantificar las pérdidas en el proceso de producción-expedición de las fresas de la variedad Chandler y Camarosa, así como a evaluar el efecto del manejo sobre la

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Bücher zum Thema "Vitamin C loss"

Steensma, David P. Benign Hematology. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0294.

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The major forms of benign hematologic conditions are anemia, neutropenia, transfusion reactions, Gaucher disease, and porphyria. Anemia is a sign of disease rather than a disease itself. Anemia results from 1 or more of 3 pathologic mechanisms: inadequate production of red blood cells (RBCs) by the bone marrow, blood loss, or premature destruction of RBCs. The major causes of neutropenia include hematologic neoplasm, metastatic neoplasm involving the marrow, irradiation, vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency, drugs, infections, congenital or acquired primary disorders of hematopoiesis,

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Alvarado-Ortiz Ureta, Carlos, and Teresa Blanco de Alvarado-Ortiz. Vitamina C. Aliada de la salud. Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola - Fondo Editorial, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/usil.book/9786124370632.

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Esta publicación trata sobre los beneficios de la vitamina C o ácido ascórbico, un micronutriente muy ligado al concepto de alimentación saludable, entre cuyos beneficios destacan su efecto antioxidante, su participación en la lucha contra la anemia y su presencia en la síntesis del colágeno, muy valorada por reumatólogos, dermatólogos, cirujanos plásticos y otros profesionales de la salud.

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Puntis, John. Iron deficiency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0009.

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Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting around 5 billion people mostly in developing countries. Risk factors in infants include low birthweight, high cow milk consumption, low intake of iron containing complementary foods, low socioeconomic status, and immigrant status. Developmental delay and poor educational achievement are among the long-term complications. Preventative strategies include promotion of breastfeeding, use of iron-fortified formula if breast milk not available, encouraging intake of iron-rich foods, vitamin C-rich drinks with meals to

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Alvarado-Ortiz, Carlos. Las religiones: su influencia en la alimentación. Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola - Fondo Editorial, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/usil.book/9786124370694.

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Publicación que trata sobre los beneficios de la vitamina C o ácido ascórbico, un micronutriente muy ligado al concepto de alimentación saludable, entre cuyos beneficios destacan su efecto antioxidante, su participación en la lucha contra la anemia y su presencia en la síntesis del colágeno, muy valorada por reumatólogos, dermatólogos, cirujanos plásticos y otros profesionales de la salud.

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Peña, Aris Verdecia. Tópicos nas Ciências da Saúde Volume III. Pantanal Editora, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46420/9786588319253.

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A Editora Pantanal em seu 3º Volume do E-book “Tópicos nas ciências da saúde”, com seis capítulos traz novos temas no atuar da medicina. A obra, vem a materializar o anseio da Editora Pantanal na divulgação de resultados, que contribuem de modo direto no desenvolvimento e saúde humana. No primeiro capitulo o trabalho nos apresenta uma patologia que, embora muitos pensem que não é comum, tem grande impacto em nossa população mundial. A frequência desta patologia na década de 80 - 90 foi de 2 - 4 x 10.000 habitantes, porém com estudos atuais e levando em consideração não apenas o transtorno auti

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Buchteile zum Thema "Vitamin C loss"

Penman, Alan D., Kimberly W. Crowder, and William M. Watkins. "High-Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E and Beta Carotene for Age-Related Cataract and Vision Loss." In 50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know, 39–44. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190050726.003.0007.

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The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was a multicenter study of the natural history of age-related cataract and macular degeneration (AMD) in a relatively well-nourished older adult cohort that comprised two clinical trials sharing one pool of participants. The study was designed to determine whether a high-dose antioxidant formulation affected the development and progression of age-related lens opacities and visual acuity loss. The cataract trial showed that use of a high-dose formulation of vitamins having antioxidant characteristics (vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta carotene) had no apparent effect on the 7-year risk of development or progression of age-related lens opacities or visual acuity loss.

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Penman, Alan D., Kimberly W. Crowder, and William M. Watkins. "Does High-Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene, and Zinc Slow the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Vision Loss?" In 50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know, 219–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190050726.003.0036.

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The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was a randomized, double-masked, clinical trial with two components, an age-related macular degeneration (AMD) trial and a cataract trial. This paper reports the results of the AMD trial, which was designed to determine the effect of high-dose vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc supplements on the progression of AMD and vision loss. Based on the study findings, the authors recommended that individuals fifty-five years of age and older with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least one large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in one or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in one eye, and without contraindications such as smoking, should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants (consisting of vitamin C and E and beta carotene) plus zinc.

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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Anticoagulants." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0036.

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Because of the narrow therapeutic index of warfarin and unfractionated heparin (UFH), monitoring their anticoagulant effects is required. On the other hand, lowmolecular- weight heparin (LMWH) and fibrinolytic agents need to be monitored only under certain circumstances. Although newer anticoagulants will not require routine monitoring for dose titration, a means to determine their systemic effects and individual (patient-specific) response to administration will likely have roles in clinical practice. The prothrombin time is used to monitor vitamin K antagonist therapy. This test is sensitive to the plasma concentrations (activity) of clotting factors II (prothrombin), V, VII, and X. Vitamin K antagonists affect the vitamin K–dependent factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C, S, and Z. Thus, the prothrombin time does not reflect the effect of vitamin K antagonists on some factors (IX and proteins C, S, and Z) and is sensitive to others (factor V) (not directly influenced by treatment). The prothrombin time is not an ideal test for monitoring vitamin K antagonists; however, its simplicity and widespread availability have established its place in clinical practice. By convention, prothrombin times are now reported as international normalized ratios (INRs). This is the ratio of the patient’s prothrombin time to a control prothrombin time, raised to a power—the international sensitivity index (ISI). The latter reflects the calibration of the thromboplastin used for the prothrombin time testing to an internationally agreed upon standard. In many laboratories the reagent currently used is a recombinant thromboplastin, which has an ISI of 1.0 There are several cautions related to interpreting the results of prothrombin time tests that are worth monitoring. Since the test is sensitive to the level of factor V in the plasma, improper sample storage or delayed testing may cause loss of factor V (activity) and yield prothrombin time values above the expected range. High concentrations of heparin may also prolong the prothrombin time; this usually occurs when the sample is obtained within a few minutes of administering a bolus dose. Direct thrombin inhibitors, such as hirudin, bivalirudin, argatroban, and ximelagatran, may also prolong the prothrombin time to a variable degree.

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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Historical Perspectives in Hemostasis, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis: A Foundation for Understanding Thrombotic Disorders and Developing Effective Treatment." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0005.

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Hemostasis, the prompt cessation of bleeding at a site of vascular injury, is among the most fundamental physiologic and teleologically vital defense mechanisms in nature. Without a functionally intact hemostatic mechanism, death could ensue rapidly even after minor traumas associated with everyday life. In mammalian blood coagulation, regulated by a complex network of integrated biochemical events, five protease factors (f ) (fIIa [thrombin], fVIIa, fIXa, fXa, and protein C) interact with five cofactors (tissue factor, f VIIIa, fVa, thrombomodulin, and protein S) to regulate the generation of fibrin (Davidson et al., 2003). Although each component of the mammalian coagulation network has unique functional properties, available data based on gene organizations, protein structure, and sequence analysis suggest that it may have resulted from the reduplication and diversification of two gene structures over 400 million years ago. A vitamin K–dependent serine protease is composed of a γ-carboxylated glutamic acid (GLA) epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) 1–EGF 2-serine protease domain structure common to fVII, fIX, fX, and protein C, and the A1-A2-B-AB-C1-C2 domain structure common to fV and fVIII. Prothrombin is also a vitamin K–dependent serine protease; however, it contains kringle domains rather than EGF domains (suggesting a replacement during gene duplication and shuffling). Analyses of active site function amino acid residues reveal distinguishing characteristics of thrombin from other serine proteases, supporting its position as the ancestral blood enzyme (Krem and Cera, 2002; McLysaght et al., 2002). The rapid transformation of fluid blood to a gel-like substance (clot) has been a topic of great interest to scientists, physicians, and philosophers since the days of Plato and Aristotle ( Jewett, 1892; Lee, 1952). However, it was not until the beginning of the 18th century that blood clotting (coagulation) was appreciated as a means to stem blood loss from wounds (hemostasis) (Petit, 1731). As with other areas of science, the microscope played a pivotal role in the understanding of coagulation. In the mid-17th century, Marcello Malpighi separated the individual components of a blood clot into fibers, cells, and serum (Forester, 1956).

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May, James, and Fiona Harrison. "Coda." In Scurvy, 268–76. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182933.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the neurological basis of scurvy. The physical symptoms of extreme vitamin C deficiency, i.e., scurvy, have been described in numerous ships' logs, diaries, and medical texts, stretching back for hundreds of years. Examples include hemorrhage, and the characteristic broken blood vessels under the skin; and hyperkeratosis, or changes in hair such as thinning, alopecia, and corkscrew hairs on the limbs. However, modern techniques in neuroscience research have revealed the highly complex roles of vitamin C in the brain, which may have changed the behavior of those experiencing long periods of nutritional deficiencies. The most important roles for vitamin C, also known as ascorbate and ascorbic acid, are in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the brain, and for protection of neurons (brain cells) against damage by a constant barrage of free radicals.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Vitamin C loss"

Oliveira, R. A., C. T. Soares, F. G. Nogueira, and A. A. Santana. "Vitamin C content of freeze dried pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pulp." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7803.

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Vitamin C is one of the constituents of pequi pulp. It is a natural antioxidant, capable of sequestering free radicals. The present study aimed to freeze dry a pequi pulp encapsulated with maltodextrin and whey protein and analyze vitamin C content. Vitamin C loss was lower in the experimental run that did not use encapsulating agent. Whereas, the run that used 15% of whey protein concentrate as encapsulant agent in relation to pequi solids presented the highest value (220.74 mg vitamin C / g pequi solids). Freeze drying of pequi pulp is a technique for vitamin C conservation independently of

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Dahiback, Bjorn, Ake Lundwall, Andreas Hillarp, Johan Malm, and Johan Stenflo. "STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT PROTEIN S, a cofactor to activated protein C which also interacts with the complement protein C4b-binding protein." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642960.

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Protein S is a single chain (Mr 75.000) plasma protein. It is a cofactor to activated protein C (APC) in the regulation of coagulation factors Va and Villa. It has high affinity for negatively charged phospolipids and it forms a 1:1 complex with APC on phospholipid surfaces, platelets and on endothelial cells. Patients with heterozygous protein S deficiency have a high incidence of thrombosis. Protein S is cleaved by thrombin, which leads to a loss of calcium binding sites and of APC cofactor activity. Protein S has two to three high affinity (KD 20uM) calcium binding sites - unrelated to the

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Suttie, W. J., A. Cheung, and M. G. Wood. "ENZYMOLOGY OF THE VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE: CURRENT STATUS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643991.

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The vitamin K-dependent microsomal carboxylase converts glutamyl residues in precursor proteins to γ-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues in completed proteins. The enzyme activity is present in significant activities in most non-skeletal tissues but has been studied most extensively in rat and bovine liver. Early studies of the enzyme utilized bound precursors of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors as substrates for the enzyme and demonstrated that the enzyme requires the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2), O2, and CO2. Subsequent investigations have taken advantage of the observation that th

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Suzuki, K., J. Nishioka, H. Kusumoto, and Y. Deyashiki. "BINDING SITE OF VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT PROTEIN S ON C4b-BINDING PROTEIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644637.

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Protein S, a cofactor for activated protein C, reversibly complexes with a regulatory complement component C4b-binding protein (C4bp) in plasma. In plasma of patients with congenital protein S deficiency, most protein S exists as a complex with C4bp, which has no cofactor activity. C4bp (Mw 550,000) is composed of approximately seven subunits with Mw 75,000 which are linked by disulfide bonds near the carboxy1-terminus. We report here about the complex formation between protein S and C4bp particularly on the binding site of protein S on C4bp molecule. Protein S and C4bp were purified from huma

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