Dissertationen zum Thema „Visualisation de réseaux sociaux“
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Jourdan, Fabien. „Visualisation d'information : dessin, indices structuraux et navigation : Applications aux réseaux biologiques et aux réseaux sociaux“. Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20205.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenoust, Benjamin. „Analysis and Visualisation of Edge Entanglement in Multiplex Networks“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePister, Alexis. „Visual Analytics for Historical Social Networks : Traceability, Exploration, and Analysis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at identifying theoretically and concretely how visual analytics can support historians in their social network analysis process. Historical social network analysis is a method to study social relationships between groups of actors (families, institutions, companies, etc.) through a reconstruction of relationships of the past from historical documents, such as marriage acts, migration forms, birth certificates, and censuses. The use of visualization and analytical methods lets social historians explore and describe the social structure shaping those groups while explaining sociological phenomena and individual behaviors through computed network measures. However, the inspection and encoding of the sources leading to a finalized network is intricate and often results in inconsistencies, errors, distortions, and traceability problems, and current visualization tools typically have usability and interpretability issues. For these reasons, social historians are not always able to make thorough historical conclusions: many studies consist of qualitative descriptions of network drawings highlighting the presence of motifs such as cliques, components, bridges, etc. The goal of this thesis is therefore to propose visual analytics tools integrated into the global social historians' workflow, with guided and easy-to-use analysis capabilities. From collaborations with historians, I formalize the workflow of historical network analysis starting at the acquisition of sources to the final visual analysis. By highlighting recurring pitfalls, I point out that tools supporting this process should satisfy traceability, simplicity, and document reality principles to ease bask and forth between the different steps, provide tools easy to manipulate, and not distort the content of sources with modifications and simplifications. To satisfy those properties, I propose to model historical sources into bipartite multivariate dynamic social networks with roles as they provide a good tradeoff of simplicity and expressiveness while modeling explicitly the documents, hence letting users encode, correct, and analyze their data with the same abstraction and tools. I then propose two interactive visual interfaces to manipulate, explore, and analyze this data model, with a focus on usability and interpretability. The first system ComBiNet allows an interactive exploration leveraging the structure, time, localization, and attributes of the data model with the help of coordinated views and a visual query system allowing users to isolate interesting groups and individuals, and compare their position, structures, and properties. It also lets them highlight erroneous and inconsistent annotations directly in the interface. The second system, PK-Clustering, is a concrete proposition to enhance the usability and effectiveness of clustering mechanisms in social network visual analytics systems. It consists in a mixed-initiative clustering interface that let social scientists create meaningful clusters with the help of their prior knowledge, algorithmic consensus, and interactive exploration of the network. Both systems have been designed with continuous feedback from social historians, and aim to increase the traceability, simplicity, and document reality of visual analytics supported historical social network research. I conclude with discussions on the potential merging of both tools, and more globally on research directions towards better integration of visual analytics systems on the whole workflow of social historians. Systems with a focus on those properties---traceability, simplicity, and document reality---can limit the introduction of bias while lowering the requirements for the use of quantitative methods for historians and social scientists which has always been a controversial discussion among practitioners
Henry, Nathalie. „Exploring large social networks with matrix-based representations“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112237.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the increasing use of Internet technologies, social scientists have more data to analyze. Online communities such as Facebook or Flickr provide rich information on how people communicate and how their social network evolves. To analyze this data, social scientists require robust tools that can handle large and complex networks and allow a flexible analysis from overviews of the entire dataset to detailed analysis of important sections. As human brain is particularly effective at processing visual information, we propose to support the exploration of social networks by information visualization. Previous tools for network visualization are mostly based on node-link diagrams, suffering of readability issues (node overlapping or edge crossing) for either large or dense networks. In this thesis, we investigate alternative representations based on adjacency matrices. Following participatory design principles, we involved social scientists into the design of three interactive visual systems: MatrixExplorer, MatLink and NodeTrix. MatrixExplorer combines matrices and node-link diagrams. Both representations are coordinated and a set of interactive tools allows their manipulation. MatLink is an augmented matrix, providing interactive links on its border to help performing some connectivity tasks. Finally, NodeTrix represents networks as node-link diagrams, using matrices for dense sub-parts. NodeTrix is particularly suited for small-world networks, globally sparse but locally dense. This dissertation presents the design and evaluation of these three systems including a case study analyzing 20 years of publications data in Human-Computer Interaction
Laumond, Antoine. „Exploration, navigation et visualisation des réseaux multi-couches à travers les sciences humaines et sociales“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays networks are becoming more and more common subjects of study in many fields: from online social networks to criminal networks and linked collections of documents. Among these networks, a particular type of network, called "multi-layer networks", are composed of several sets of elements of distinct types ("the layers"). These objects are commonly encountered in the humanities and social sciences research fields but can be difficult to exploit because of their semantic complexity. To this end, we present M-QuBEEE, a method to explore multi-layer networks by successive and evolutive subnetwork extractions. Specifically adapted to the methodology of experts in the human and social sciences, M-QuBEEE determines the pertinence of each element of the network in order to propose a partial view relevant to the users. Users can then continue to interact iteratively on these sub-networks to improve their views or explore new directions
Gilbert, Frédéric. „Méthodes et modèles pour la visualisation de grandes masses de données multidimensionnelles nominatives dynamiques“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14498/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince ten years, informations visualization domain knows a real interest.Recently, with the growing of communications, the research on social networks analysis becomes strongly active. In this thesis, we present results on dynamic social networks analysis. That means that we take into account the temporal aspect of data. We were particularly interested in communities extraction within networks and their evolutions through time. [...]
Renaud, Clément. „Conception d'un outil d'analyse et de visualisation des mèmes internet : le cas du réseau social chinois Sina Weibo“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe develop a data mining and visualisation toolkit to study how the information is shared on online social network services. This software allows to observe relationships between conversational, semantical, temporal and geographical dimensions of online communication acts. Internet memes are short messages that spread quickly through the Web. Following models that remain largely unknown, they articulate personal discussions, societal debates and large communication campaign. We analyse a set of Internet memes by using methods from social network analysis and Chinese natural language processing on a large corpus of 200 million tweets which represents/reflects the overall activity on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo in 2012. An interactive visualisation interface showing networks of words, user exchanges and their projections on geographical maps provides a detailed understanding of actual and textual aspects of each meme spread. An analysis of hashtags in the corpus shows that the main content from Sina Weibo is largely similar to the ones in traditional media (advertisement, entertainment, etc.). Therefore, we decided to not consider hashtags as memes representatives, being mostly byproducts of wellplanned strategic or marketingcampaigns. Our final approach studies a dozen of memes selected for the diversity of their topic: humor, political scandal, breaking news and marketing
Vallet, Jason. „Where Social Networks, Graph Rewriting and Visualisation Meet : Application to Network Generation and Information Diffusion“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0818/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we present a collection of network generation and information diffusion models expressed using a specific formalism called strategic located graph rewriting, as well as a novel network layout algorithm to show the result of information diffusion in large social networks. Graphs are extremely versatile mathematical objects which can be used to represent a wide variety of high-level systems. They can be transformed in multiple ways (e.g., creating new elements, merging or altering existing ones), but such modifications must be controlled to avoid unwanted operations. To ensure this point, we use a specific formalism called strategic graph rewriting. In this work, a graph rewriting system operates on a single graph, which can then be transformed according to some transformation rules and a strategy to steer the transformation process. First, we adapt two social network generation algorithms in order to create new networks presenting small-world characteristics. Then, we translate different diffusion models to simulate information diffusion phenomena. By adapting the different models into a common formalism, we make their comparison much easier along with the adjustment of their parameters. Finally, we finish by presenting a novel compact layout method to display overviews of the results of our information diffusion method
Greffard, Nicolas. „Visualisation stéréoscopique et interactive de structures en communautés dans des graphes“. Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072368.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGreffard, Nicolas. „Visualisation stéréoscopique et interactive de structures en communautés dans des graphes“. Phd thesis, Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1a7138cf-3841-4f6d-9323-e301aebc9d4d.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEver since the pioneering work of Moreno in 1934, social network analysis has always included drawings depicting relationships between actors. From these days, the graph visualization field has grown within the graph drawing and information visualization communities. Besides the algorithmic and combinatoric questions arising from graph drawings, new challenges now include networks visual data mining. Usually referred to as visual analytics it involves the integration of the user at the heart of the analysis. In this thesis, we focus on interactive and stereoscopic visual restitutions allowing the user to drive the mining process. Using a ad hoc experimental environment, we try to assert their its impact on a popular task of community detection. Through several experiments, we show that for a specific class of graphs, 2D seems more adapted for the easier graphs while stereoscopic 3D is beneficial for the more complex ones. We also identify some differences in the interactions between the stereo and mono conditions, which seems to indicate behavioral differences emerging from differing interaction strategies. We also propose some prospects such as the implementation of a library allowing hands-free interactions adapted to visual mining in front of a large screen
Renaud, Clément. „Conception d'un outil d'analyse et de visualisation des mèmes internet : le cas du réseau social chinois Sina Weibo“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe develop a data mining and visualisation toolkit to study how the information is shared on online social network services. This software allows to observe relationships between conversational, semantical, temporal and geographical dimensions of online communication acts. Internet memes are short messages that spread quickly through the Web. Following models that remain largely unknown, they articulate personal discussions, societal debates and large communication campaign. We analyse a set of Internet memes by using methods from social network analysis and Chinese natural language processing on a large corpus of 200 million tweets which represents/reflects the overall activity on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo in 2012. An interactive visualisation interface showing networks of words, user exchanges and their projections on geographical maps provides a detailed understanding of actual and textual aspects of each meme spread. An analysis of hashtags in the corpus shows that the main content from Sina Weibo is largely similar to the ones in traditional media (advertisement, entertainment, etc.). Therefore, we decided to not consider hashtags as memes representatives, being mostly byproducts of wellplanned strategic or marketingcampaigns. Our final approach studies a dozen of memes selected for the diversity of their topic: humor, political scandal, breaking news and marketing
Rehman, Faizan Ur. „Vers une plateforme pour l'extraction et la visualisation multi-échelle d'événements sociaux“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe population in cities is slated to double by mid-century according to estimates prepared by the World Health Organization. This rapid increase in population will impact transportation and economic growth, and will increase responsibilities of local managing authorities and different stakeholders. It is a need of the hour to convert cities into smart cities in order to provide new service to the public, by using available resources in an optimum manner. From crowd-sourced data and open governmental data to other online sources, a variety of data sources can provide users with smart tools to efficiently manage their daily activities. Moreover, with the advancement in Internet and mobile technologies, social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have become popular modes of communication. They allow users to share a spectrum of information, including spatio-temporal data, both publicly and within their community of interest in real-time. Scrutinizing knowledge from different types of available, rich, geo-tagged, and crowd-sourced data and incorporating it on a map has become more feasible. This presents a real opportunity to enrich traditional maps and enhance conventional spatio-temporal queries with the help of different types of data extracted from a variety of available data sources. In this thesis, we first propose a constraint-aware route recommendation system in lack of physical infrastructure environment that leverages geo-tagged data in social media and user-generated content to identify upcoming traffic constraints and, thus, recommend an optimized path. We have designed and developed a system using a spatial grid index to inform users about upcoming constraints and calculate a new, optimized path in minimal response time. Later, the concept of “smart maps” will be introduced by collecting, managing, and integrating heterogeneous data sources in order to infer relevant knowledge-based layers. Unlike conventional maps, smart maps extract information about live events (e.g., concert, competition, incidents, etc.), online offers, and statistical analysis (e.g., dangerous areas) by encapsulating incoming semi- and un-structured data into structured generic packets. This methodology sets the ground for providing different intelligent services and applications. Moreover, developing smart maps requires an efficient and scalable processing and the visualization of knowledge-based layers at multiple map scales, thus allowing a smooth and clutter-free browsing experience. Finally, we introduce Hadath, a scalable and efficient system that extracts social events from a variety of unstructured data streams. Hadath applies natural language processing and multi-dimensional clustering techniques to extract relevant events of interest at different map scales, and to infer the spatio-temporal extent of detected events. The system comprises a data wrapping component which digests different types of data sources, and prepossesses data to generate structured data packets out of unstructured streams. Hadath also implements a hierarchical in-memory spatio-temporal indexing scheme to allow efficient and scalable access to raw data, as well as to extracted clusters of events. Initially, data packets are processed to discover events at a local scale, then, the proper spatio-temporal extent and the significance of detected events at a global scale is determined. As a result, live events can be displayed at different spatio-temporal resolutions, thus allowing a smooth and unique browsing experience. Finally, to validate our proposed system, we conducted experiments on real-world data streams. The final output of our system named Hadath creates a unique and dynamic map browsing experience
Li, Yifan. „Edge partitioning of large graphs“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066346/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we mainly focus on a fundamental problem, graph partitioning, in the context of unexpectedly fast growth of data sources, ranging from social networks to internet of things. Particularly, to conquer intractable properties existing in many graphs, e.g. power-law degree distribution, we apply the novel fashion vertex-cut, instead of the traditional edge-cut method, for achieving balanced workload in distributed graph processing. Besides, to reduce the inter-partition communication cost, we present a block-based edge partition method who can efficiently explore the locality underlying graphical structures, to enhance the execution of graph algorithm. With this method, the overhead of both communication and runtime can be decreased greatly, compared to existing approaches. The challenges arising in big graphs also include their high-variety. As we know, most of real life graph applications produce heterogenous datasets, in which the vertices and/or edges are allowed to have different types or labels. A big number of graph mining algorithms are also proposed with much concern for the label attributes. For this reason, our work is extended to multi-layer graphs with taking into account the edges closeness and labels distribution during partitioning process. Its outstanding performance over real-world datasets is demonstrated finally
Li, Yifan. „Edge partitioning of large graphs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066346.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we mainly focus on a fundamental problem, graph partitioning, in the context of unexpectedly fast growth of data sources, ranging from social networks to internet of things. Particularly, to conquer intractable properties existing in many graphs, e.g. power-law degree distribution, we apply the novel fashion vertex-cut, instead of the traditional edge-cut method, for achieving balanced workload in distributed graph processing. Besides, to reduce the inter-partition communication cost, we present a block-based edge partition method who can efficiently explore the locality underlying graphical structures, to enhance the execution of graph algorithm. With this method, the overhead of both communication and runtime can be decreased greatly, compared to existing approaches. The challenges arising in big graphs also include their high-variety. As we know, most of real life graph applications produce heterogenous datasets, in which the vertices and/or edges are allowed to have different types or labels. A big number of graph mining algorithms are also proposed with much concern for the label attributes. For this reason, our work is extended to multi-layer graphs with taking into account the edges closeness and labels distribution during partitioning process. Its outstanding performance over real-world datasets is demonstrated finally
Koné, Malik. „Collaviz : un prototype pour la détection et la visualisation de la dynamique collective dans les forums des MOOC“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have seen their numbers increase significantly since the democratization of the Internet. In addition, recently with the COVID-19 pandemic, the trend has intensified. If communication devices such as discussion forums are an integral part of the learning activities of MOOCs, there is still a lack of tools allowing instructors and researchers to guide and finely analyze the learning that takes place there. Dashboards summarizing students' activites are regularly offered to instructors, but they do not allow them to understand collective activities in the forums. From a socio-constructivist point of view, the exchanges and interactions sought by instructors in forums are essential for learning (Stephens, 2014). So far, studies have analyzed interactions in two ways: semantically but on a small scale or statistically and on a large scale but ignoring the quality of the interactions. The scientific contribution of this thesis relates to the proposal of an interactive detection approach of collective activities which takes into account their temporal, semantic and social dimensions. We seek to answer the problem of detecting and observing the collective dynamics that take place in MOOC forums. By collective dynamic, we mean all the qualitative and quantitative interactions of learners in the forums and their temporal changes. We want to allow instructors to intervene to encourage these activities favorable to learning. We rely on studies (Boroujeni 2017, Dascalu 2017) which propose to combine statistical analysis of interactions and automatic language processing to study the flow of information in forums. But, unlike previous studies, our approach is not limited to global or individual-centered analysis. We propose a method of designing indicators and dashboards allowing changes of scales and customization of views in order to support instructors and researchers in their task of detecting, observing and analyzing collective dynamics. To support our approach, we set up questionnaires and conducted semi-structured interviews with the instructors. As for the evaluation of the first indicators built at each iteration of our approach, we used various data sources and formats: Coursera (CSV), Hangout (JSON), Moodle (SQL)
Abdelsadek, Youcef. „Triangle packing for community detection : algorithms, visualizations and application to Twitter's network“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0310.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRelational data in our society are on a constant increasing, rising arduous challenges. In this thesis, we consider two aspects of relational data. First, we are interested in relational data with weighted relationship. As a concrete example, relationships among Twitter's users could be weighted with regard to their shared number of followers. The second aspect is related to the dynamism which is inherent to data nature. As an instance, in the previous example the number of common followers between two Twitter's users can change over time. In order to handle these complex and dynamic relational data, we use the modelling strength of graphs. Another facet considered in this thesis deals with community identification on weighted and dynamic graphs. For an analyst, the community detection might be helpful to grasp the semantic behind the graph structure. Our assumption relies on the idea to use a set of disjoint pairwise triangles as a basis to detect the community structure. To select these triangles, several algorithms are proposed (i.e., branch-and-bound, greedy search, heuristics and genetic algorithm). Thereafter, we propose a community detection algorithm, called Tribase. In the latter, the weights of communities are compared allowing dominant communities to gain in size. Tribase is compared with the well-known LFR benchmark. The results show that Tribase identifies efficiently the communities while a community structure exists. Additionally, to asset Tribase on real-world data, we consider social networks data, especially Twitter's data, of the ANR-Info-RSN project. In order to support the analyst in its knowledge acquisition, we elaborate a visual interactive approach. To this end, an interactive application, called NLCOMS is introduced. NLCOMS uses multiple synchronous views for visualizing community structure and the related information. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for the identification of communities over time, called Dyci. The latter takes advantage from the previously detected communities. Several changes' scenarios are considered like, node/edge addition, node/edge removing and edge weight update. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to track whether a part of the weighted graph becomes weak over time, in order to merge it with the "dominant" neighbour community. In order to assess the quality of the returned community structure, we conduct a comparison with a genetic algorithm on real-world data of the ARN-Info-RSN project. The conducted comparison shows that Dyci algorithm provides a good trade-off between efficiency and consumed time. Finally, the dynamic changes which occur to the underlying graph structure can be visualized with NLCOMS which combines physical an axial time to fulfil this need
Laurent, Anabelle. „The analysis of data from on-farm research network : Statistical approaches to test the efficacy of management practices and data visualization“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn on-farm research network is an organization of farmers that conducts agronomic experiments under local conditions. There is growing interest in on-farm research networks because they provide the infrastructure needed to test new products and management practices in farmers’ fields. Often, the results are usually presented as individual reports (i.e., a report summarizing the outcome for one trial), but this provides limited information difficult to generalize and does not allow presenting, in a synthetic way, all the results collected from the different trials. Moreover, there is an unexplored potential in detecting yield response variability patterns for better decision making. The overall objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the importance of identifying appropriate statistical methods for analyzing and visualizing on-farm research network data. Specifically, I focused on analyzing the on-farm research networks managed by the Iowa Soybean Association, and an adaptation was made with a French case-study. A data-analytics framework was developed to analyze multiple trials that use a common protocol and identify the conditions where an imposed treatment may or may not be effective. This framework used a random-effect model through a Bayesian approach and returned yield response estimates at the network and trial levels. The framework was implemented through a web-application for 51 different management practices on corn and soybean. The web-application includes dynamic data visualization features to enhance communication and information sharing, and is accessible to a broad audience to improve accessibility to on-farm research insights. A random-effects statistical model was used to compute prediction intervals describing a range of plausible yield response for a new (out-of-sample) trial, and compute the probability that the tested management practice will be ineffective in a new field. Depending on the level of between-trial variability, the prediction intervals were 2.2–12.1 times larger than confidence intervals for the estimated mean yield responses (i.e., at the network level) for all tested management practices. Using prediction intervals and the probability of ineffective treatment will prevent farmers from over-optimistic expectations that a significant effect at the network level will lead with high certainty to a yield gain on their farms. The data-analytic framework was adapted to a French on-farm research network focusing on the efficacy of biocontrol agent products against Botrytis cinerea, potassium bicarbonate and Aureobasidium pullulans, on organic vine. The results favored potassium bicarbonate as its efficacy on incidence at the network level is higher for diseased intensities between 0% and 10% than for Aureobasidium pullulans. For both biocontrol agents, the efficacy on incidence for a new trial is highly uncertain for intensity levels higher than 15%. Finally, this research investigated the impact of experimental plot scale (i.e., small-plot scale and field scale) on the effect of management practice on crop yield and identified the cause of potential discrepancies to inform on-farm decision-making better and adapt the extrapolation of the results. Taken together, this research represents the first major effort in consolidating results from on-farm research network and provides insight to make better farming management decisions
Ren, Haolin. „Visualizing media with interactive multiplex networks“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, information follows complex paths: information propagation involving on-line editors, 24-hour news providers and social medias following entangled paths acting on information content and perception. This thesis studies the adaptation of classical graph measurements to multiplex graphs, to build visualizations from several graphical representations of the networks, and to combine them (synchronized multi-view visualizations, hybrid representations, etc.). Emphasis is placed on the modes of interaction allowing to take in hand the multiplex nature (multilayer) of the networks. These representations and interactive manipulations are also based on the calculation of indicators specific to multiplex networks. The work is based on two main datasets: one is a 12-year archive of the Japanese public daily broadcast NHK News 7, from 2001 to 2013. Another lists the participants in the French TV/radio shows between 2010 and 2015. Two visualization systems based on a Web interface have been developed for multiplex network analysis, which we call "Visual Cloud" and "Laputa". In the Visual Cloud, we formally define a notion of similarity between concepts and groups of concepts that we call co-occurrence possibility (CP). According to this definition, we propose a hierarchical classification algorithm. We aggregate the layers in a multiplex network of documents, and integrate that hierarchy into an interactive word cloud. Here we improve the traditional word cloud layout algorithms so as to preserve the constraints on the concept hierarchy. The Laputa system is intended for the complex analysis of dense and multidimensional temporal networks. To do this, it associates a graph with a segmentation. The segmentation by communities, by attributes, or by time slices, forms views of this graph. In order to associate these views with the global whole, we use Sankey diagrams to reveal the evolution of the communities (diagrams that we have increased with a semantic zoom). This thesis allows us to browse three aspects of the most interesting aspects of the data miming and BigData applied to multimedia archives: The Volume since our archives are immense and reach orders of magnitude that are usually not practicable for the visualization; Velocity, because of the temporal nature of our data (by definition). The Variety that is a corollary of the richness of multimedia data and of all that one may wish to want to investigate. What we can retain from this thesis is that we met each of these three challenges by taking an answer in the form of a multiplex network analysis. These structures are always at the heart of our work, whether in the criteria for filtering edges using the Simmelian backbone algorithm, or in the superposition of time slices in the complex networks, or much more directly in the combinations of visual and textual semantic indices for which we extract hierarchies allowing our visualization
Huron, Samuel. „Constructive Visualization : A token-based paradigm allowing to assemble dynamic visual representation for non-experts“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112253/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the past two decades, information visualisation (InfoVis) research has created new techniques and methods to support data- intensive analyses in science, industry and government. These have enabled a wide range of analyses tasks to be executed, with tasks varying in terms of the type and volume of data involved. However, the majority of this research has focused on static datasets, and the analysis and visualisation tasks tend to be carried out by trained expert users. In more recent years, social changes and technological advances have meant that data have become more and more dynamic, and are consumed by a wider audience. Examples of such dynamic data streams include e-mails, status updates, RSS 1 feeds, versioning systems, social networks and others. These new types of data are used by populations that are not specifically trained in information visualization. Some of these people might consist of casual users, while others might consist of people deeply involved with the data, but in both cases, they would not have received formal training in information visualization. For simplicity, throughout this dissertation, I refer to the people (casual users, novices, data experts) who have not been trained in information visualisation as non-experts.These social and technological changes have given rise to multiple challenges because most existing visualisation models and techniques are intended for experts, and assume static datasets. Few studies have been conducted that explore these challenges. In this dissertation, with my collaborators, I address the question: Can we empower non-experts in their use of visualisation by enabling them to contribute to data stream analysis as well as to create their own visualizations?The first step to answering this question is to determine whether people who are not trained in information visualisation and the data sciences can conduct useful dynamic analysis tasks using a visualisation system that is adapted to support their tasks. In the first part of this dissertation I focus on several scenarios and systems where different sized crowds of InfoVis non-experts users (20 to 300 and 2 000 to 700 000 people) use dynamic information visualisation to analyse dynamic data.Another important issue is the lack of generic design principles for the visual encoding of dynamic visualization. In this dissertation I design, define and explore a design space to represent dynamic data for non-experts. This design space is structured by visual tokens representing data items that provide the constructive material for the assembly over time of different visualizations, from classic represen- tations to new ones. To date, research on visual encoding has been focused on static datasets for specific tasks, leaving generic dynamic approaches unexplored and unexploited.In this thesis, I propose construction as a design paradigm for non-experts to author simple and dynamic visualizations. This paradigm is inspired by well-established developmental psychological theory as well as past and existing practices of visualisation authoring with tangible elements. I describe the simple conceptual components and processes underlying this paradigm, making it easier for the human computer interaction community to study and support this process for a wide range of visualizations. Finally, I use this paradigm and tangible tokens to study if and how non-experts are able to create, discuss and update their own visualizations. This study allows us to refine our previous model and provide a first exploration into how non-experts perform a visual mapping without software. In summary, this thesis contributes to the understanding of dynamic visualisation for non-expert users
Haye, Lisa. „Les loisirs motorisés hors route. Conflits controverse et réseaux d'actants“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209601.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfin de combler un manque dans la littérature scientifique française, cette thèse vise à apporter une connaissance fine de la dynamique de la controverse – en tant qu'échange d'arguments génériques – et des conflits dont les LMHR font l'objet. Elle présente deux originalités majeures : sa thématique et son approche combinant les théories de l'acteur-réseau avec les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau basés sur la théorie des graphes. Cette construction théorique et méthodologique visait à interroger les interrelations entre la controverse portée par des collectifs présents sur la scène nationale et les conflits et interactions sur le terrain. Pour cela, nous avons mené des enquêtes sur quatre scènes : la scène nationale (composée de collectifs pro et anti-motorisé, de Fédérations, de constructeurs, de gestionnaires et décideurs et d'élus) ; deux scènes locales conflictuelles où des démarches de gestion sont en cours (le PNR du Pilat et les Chambarans) ; une scène locale où aucun conflit n'est visible sur la scène publique (le canton de La Grave – Villar d'Arène).
Nos résultats montrent, que bien que la controverse trouve ses racines dans des conflits sur le terrain, il n'existerait pas de coprésence entre acteurs qui s'opposent. D'abord, en l'absence de conflit, la scène de La Grave apparaît déconnectée du reste du réseau. Ensuite, les détracteurs des LMHR se mobilisent dans la controverse mais ne cherchent pas directement à agir sur le terrain. Par contre, les défenseurs de la pratique s'impliquent, eux, aux deux niveaux. Enfin, les gestionnaires et agents de la police de l'environnement confrontés à la gestion des activités, nouent des liens sur le terrain et au niveau national, à la fois avec les défenseurs et les détracteurs des LMHR ; devenant parfois des acteurs-passerelles.
D'un point de vue théorique et méthodologique, les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau ont montré leur intérêt dans le cadre d'une approche par l'acteur-réseau ; les perspectives apparaissent riches.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ereteo, Guillaume. „Analyse sémantique des réseaux sociaux“. Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586677.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGhintran, Amandine. „Réseaux sociaux et règles d'allocations“. Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET0088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany social or economic project are carried out by a group of agents who cooperate to reach a common goal. In order to coordinate their actions, these agents need to communicate. Much of this communication takes place throught net-works. By restricting agent's possibilities to communicate, they affect economic out-comes. One can be interested in knowing how will agents benefit from cooperation, taking into account restrictions on communication induced by the communication network. These situations can be appropriately formalized via cooperative game theory. This thesis is divided in four chapters. In chapter 1, we provide a survey on the Shapley value (Shapley (1953)). In chapter 2, we consider allocation rules for communication situations (Myerson (1977)). We define a set of desirable properties that an allocation rule should verify on a class of communication situations equiped with a vector of weights representing the level of investment of players on the communication structure. We show that the combination of these properties determines a unique allocation rule that can be seen as a generalization of the position value (Messen (1988)). In chapter 3, we consider situations in which communication is not reliable. This uncertainty is formalized via probabilistic communication situations (Gomez, Gonzalez-Aranguena, Manuel and Owen (2008)). We extend the definition of the position value to this class of communication situations and then we generalize the caracterization of the position value provided by Slikker (2005). Thus, we provide a new characterization of the Myerson value (Myerson (1977)) and the position value to this class of communication situations in terms of potential. In chapter 4, we extend the consensus value, defined by Ju, Borm and Tuys (2007) for the class of the games, to the class of communication situations. To this end, we consider the coalition formation process usd by Herings, Vand der Laan and Talman (2008) to define the average tree solution. We obtain a new allocation rule and characterize it in two different ways
Bacha, Joelle. „Réseaux sociaux et autonomisation des adolescents“. Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBéal, Sylvain. „Jeux de machines et réseaux sociaux“. Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STETT073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA social dilemma is a non-cooperative game that has a single inefficient Nash equilibrium in which players obtain their minmax payoff. This thesis aims at solving a social dilemma by finitely repeating it and by restricting players' abilities to implement strategies. Precisely, we assume that players must choose strategies which can be played by a machine. The automaton is one such machine. For two-player games, we investigate the finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma. When the size of automata available to players is enough restricted, we characterize the payoffs and the structure of automata at equilibrium. In particular, the cooperative outcome is reachable. For n-player games, we consider a network formation game with consent. A social dilemma appears when the cost of creating a link is larger than its direct benefit. We repeat this game for finitely many stages and assume that players choose strategies that can be played by automata. We characterize the sequences of equilibrium networks and the sequences of efficient networks. Lastly, we introduce another machine, the perceptron. We show that the perceptron and the automaton have different abilities to implement strategies. In the finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma, we assume that players choose strategies that can be played by an automaton and a perceptron respectively. We give conditions which allow for an efficient equilibrium outcome
Boulic-Bouadjio, Audren. „Génération multi-agents de réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU10003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMahabir, Laetitia-Amanda. „L'identité personnelle et les réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe identity of people in the digital space cannot be defined in one way. Its mode of expression is multiple. In fact, an individual can have several identities in the digital environment. It can also play different social roles according to social contexts that it faces. But what are effects of using identity masks ? The individual's identity within the social networks refers to the self-questioning, and others. The individualistic side and the community side of this identity are the foundation of the building of user's identity. Moreover, it appears that the wealth and the complexity of networks are the result of the confusion made by the law between individual and identity. In fact, the law is based on an essentialist conception of identity, by which each player has its own trajectory. But the individual does not live alone, he lives in a group and it is part of a network of social relations. The identity is made in the interaction of a claimed identity for oneself and assigned by others. Also, develop a personal identity on the fringes of the digital reality is to distinguish the person of the concept of online presence which is eminently declarative and performative.All this leads to reconsider the place of identity in the digital space. To understand the question of the construction of personal identity in social network, different approaches will be detailed. Those approaches are aimed to ensure everyone an identity according his wishes. Also, it will be necessary to adapt the existing measures to the virtual reality, in order to establish a more secure regime of personal identity, in respect of the rights of each user's personnality
Yang, Wenjing. „Maximisation d'influence dans les réseaux sociaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191129_YANG_852tol142jmlj781pehwkj336i_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, a large number of social network sites have appeared to connect people and groups together. Networks have been proven to be a good tool to share information and communicate ideas. Influence propagation occurs when an individual’s opinions or behaviors change as a result of interactions with others. The influence maximization problem aims to identify a subset of initial adopters in a social network to maximize the influence propagation. There are two progressive models most used in the analysis of social networks, namely the independent cascade model and the linear threshold model. As a type of epidemic models, the independent cascade model assumes that an individual adopts an innovationwith a certain probability if at least one of its in-neighbors has adopted it. Differently, the linear threshold model assumes that an individual adopts an innovation if a certain ratio of its in-neighbors have already adopted it. The thesis addresses three problems: influence propagation computation, influence maximization by seed selection and influence maximization by link activation. The influence propagation computationconsist in computing the probability that each node can be activated given a certain set of initial adopters. We propose the PathMethod to give an exact result, the SSS-Noself algorithm and the SSS-Bounded-Path algorithm to give an approximate result. The influence maximization by seed selection consist in maximizing the final influence propagation by targeting a seed set of certain cardinality. We initially propose the problem of influence maximization by link activation. Various properties of this problem and some sub-optimal solutions are given
Raad, Elie. „Découverte des relations dans les réseaux sociaux“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702269.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLagnier, Cédric. „Diffusion de l'information dans les réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM072/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePredicting the diffusion of information in social networks is a key problem for applications like Opinion Leader Detection, Buzz Detection or Viral Marketing. Many recent diffusion models are direct extensions of the Cascade and Threshold models, initially proposed for epidemiology and social studies. In such models, the diffusion process is based on the dynamics of interactions between neighbor nodes in the network (the social pressure), and largely ignores important dimensions as the content diffused and the active/passive role users tend to have in social networks. We propose here a new family of models that aims at predicting how a content diffuses in a network by making use of additional dimensions : the content diffused, user's profile and willingness to diffuse. In particular, we show how to integrate these dimensions into simple feature functions, and propose a probabilistic modeling to account for the diffusion process. These models are then illustrated and compared with other approaches on two blog datasets. The experimental results obtained on these datasets show that taking into account these dimensions are important to accurately model the diffusion process. Lastly, we study the influence maximization problem with these models and prove that it is NP-hard, prior to propose an adaptation of the greedy algorithm to approximate the optimal solution
Kawala, François. „Prédiction de l'activité dans les réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM021/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is devoted to a social-media-mining problem named the activity-prediction problem. In this problem one aims to predict the number of user-generated-contents that will be created about a topic in the near future. The user-generated-contents that belong to a topic are not necessary related to each other.In order to study the activity-prediction problem without referring directly to a particular social-media, a generic framework is proposed. This generic framework allows to describe various social-media in a unified way. With this generic framework the activityprediction problem is defined independently of an actual social-media. Three examples are provided to illustrate how this generic framework describes social-media. Three defi- nitions of the activity-prediction problem are proposed. Firstly the magnitude prediction problem defines the activity-prediction as a regression problem. With this definition one aims to predict the exact activity of a topic. Secondly, the buzz classification problem defines the activity-prediction as a binary classification problem. With this definition one aims to predict if a topic will have an activity burst of a predefined amplitude. Thirdly the rank prediction problem defines the activity-prediction as a learning-to-rank problem. With this definition one aims to rank the topics accordingly to theirs future activity-levels. These three definitions of the activity prediction problem are tackled with state-of-the-art machine learning approaches applied to generic features. Indeed, these features are defined with the help of the generic framework. Therefore these features are easily adaptable to various social-media. There are two types of features. Firstly the features which describe a single topic. Secondly the features which describe the interplay between two topics.Our ability to predict the activity is tested against an industrial-size multilingual dataset. The data has been collected during 51 weeks. Two sources of data were used: Twitter and a bulletin-board-system. The collected data contains three languages: English, French and German. More than five hundred millions user-generated-contents were captured. Most of these user-generated-contents are related to computer hardware, video games, and mobile telephony. The data collection necessitated the implementation of a daily routine. The data was prepared so that commercial-contents and technical failure are not sources of noise. A cross-validation method that takes into account the time of observations is used. In addition an unsupervised method to extract buzz candidates is proposed. Indeed the training-sets are very ill-balanced for the buzz classification problem, and it is necessary to preselect buzz candidates. The activity-prediction problems are studied within two different experimental settings. The first experimental setting includes data from Twitter and the bulletin-board-system, on a long time-scale, and with three different languages. The second experimental setting is dedicated specifically to Twitter. This second experiment aims to increase the reproducibility of experiments as much as possible. Hence, this experimental setting includes user-generated-contents collected with respect to a list of unambiguous English terms. In addition the observation are restricted to ten consecutive weeks. Hence the risk of unannounced change in the public API of Twitter is minimized
Portilla, Yonathan. „Etude des Réseaux Sociaux : modélisation et analyse“. Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0235.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrently social networks focus on the sharing and exchange of opinions, videos, photos, music,news and others informations, one of its objectives is to establish direct and indirect linkswith users. Social networks also promote products, people (their political or artistic image) orinfluential brands.Social networks are changing rapidly, so we’re looking to see the evolution of these sharingtools, and see how social networks change over time.We have the opportunity to study the events that occur in social networks thanks to the amount ofdata they produce. In the current market there are tools that allow the analysis of social networks,but most tools are not free, and 100% free tools disappear over time. For this reason we decidedto produce computer tools able to extract and analyse the data of the social networks studied.This study begins with the state of the art, where we describe the context of the problem, thework that led to this study and a summary of the contributions made during the thesis that wepresent briefly in the rest of the abstract.i. First we focus on the geo-linguistic fingerprint and language evolution in Twitter. Accessto content of messages sent by a group of subscribers of a social network may be usedto identify and quantify some features of a group. The feature can represent the level ofinterest in an event or product, or the popularity of an idea, or of a musical hit, or of apolitical figure. The feature can also represent how language is used and transformed,how words are written and how new grammatical rules appear.ii. Then we study the evolution of the cultural phenomenon called meme in social networks.Memes were defined by R. Dowkins as a cultural phenomenon that spreads through nongeneticforms. We examine three of the most popular memes of the internet and examinetheir impact on society in the Mediterranean countries. We use for analysing Google Trends, Topsy (a tool to measure the popularity of words on Twitter) and YouTube toquantify the impact of memes in the Mediterranean society.iii. After that we study the YouTube recommendation graph based on measurements andstochastic tools. We confirm that recommendation lists influence the views of a video.We focus on the recommendation system that boosts the popularity of videos. We buildfirst a graph that captures the recommendation system in YouTube and we study the relationshipbetween the number of views of a video and the average number of views of avideo in its recommendation list.iv. To conclude we describe the online tools available and the tools that we developed duringthe thesis. The online tools Topsy, Trendistic and Google Trends allowed us to analyseplatforms like YouTube and Twitter. We also produced tools based on API’s: in Twitterwe used the Streaming function to download and analyse tweets, with the Topsy APIwe studied the evolution of the language and the use of words, and the YouTube’s APIsallowed us to describe the behaviour on the lists of recommendations and the popularityof videos
Dahimene, Mohammed Ryadh. „Filtrage et Recommandation sur les Réseaux Sociaux“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0945/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the last years, the amount of available data on the social Web has exploded. For the average user, it became hard to find quality content without being overwhelmed with publications. For service providers, the scalability of such services became a challenging task. The aim of this thesis is to achieve a better user experience by offering the filtering and recommendation features. Filtering consists to provide for a given user, the ability of receiving only a subset of the publications from the direct network. Where recommendation allows content discovery by suggesting relevant content producers on given topics. We developed MicroFilter, a scalable filtering system able to handle Web-like data flows and RecLand, a recommender system that takes advantage of the network topology as well as the content in order to provide relevant recommendations
Maniu, Silviu. „Gestion des données dans les réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0053/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe address in this thesis some of the issues raised by the emergence of social applications on the Web, focusing on two important directions: efficient social search inonline applications and the inference of signed social links from interactions between users in collaborative Web applications. We start by considering social search in tagging (or bookmarking) applications. This problem requires a significant departure from existing, socially agnostic techniques. In a network-aware context, one can (and should) exploit the social links, which can indicate how users relate to the seeker and how much weight their tagging actions should have in the result build-up. We propose an algorithm that has the potential to scale to current applications, and validate it via extensive experiments. As social search applications can be thought of as part of a wider class of context-aware applications, we consider context-aware query optimization based on views, focusing on two important sub-problems. First, handling the possible differences in context between the various views and an input query leads to view results having uncertain scores, i.e., score ranges valid for the new context. As a consequence, current top-k algorithms are no longer directly applicable and need to be adapted to handle such uncertainty in object scores. Second, adapted view selection techniques are needed, which can leverage both the descriptions of queries and statistics over their results. Finally, we present an approach for inferring a signed network (a "web of trust")from user-generated content in Wikipedia. We investigate mechanisms by which relationships between Wikipedia contributors - in the form of signed directed links - can be inferred based their interactions. Our study sheds light into principles underlying a signed network that is captured by social interaction. We investigate whether this network over Wikipedia contributors represents indeed a plausible configuration of link signs, by studying its global and local network properties, and at an application level, by assessing its impact in the classification of Wikipedia articles.javascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract')
Dahimene, Mohammed Ryadh. „Filtrage et Recommandation sur les Réseaux Sociaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0945.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the last years, the amount of available data on the social Web has exploded. For the average user, it became hard to find quality content without being overwhelmed with publications. For service providers, the scalability of such services became a challenging task. The aim of this thesis is to achieve a better user experience by offering the filtering and recommendation features. Filtering consists to provide for a given user, the ability of receiving only a subset of the publications from the direct network. Where recommendation allows content discovery by suggesting relevant content producers on given topics. We developed MicroFilter, a scalable filtering system able to handle Web-like data flows and RecLand, a recommender system that takes advantage of the network topology as well as the content in order to provide relevant recommendations
Maniu, Silviu. „Gestion des données dans les réseaux sociaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe address in this thesis some of the issues raised by the emergence of social applications on the Web, focusing on two important directions: efficient social search inonline applications and the inference of signed social links from interactions between users in collaborative Web applications. We start by considering social search in tagging (or bookmarking) applications. This problem requires a significant departure from existing, socially agnostic techniques. In a network-aware context, one can (and should) exploit the social links, which can indicate how users relate to the seeker and how much weight their tagging actions should have in the result build-up. We propose an algorithm that has the potential to scale to current applications, and validate it via extensive experiments. As social search applications can be thought of as part of a wider class of context-aware applications, we consider context-aware query optimization based on views, focusing on two important sub-problems. First, handling the possible differences in context between the various views and an input query leads to view results having uncertain scores, i.e., score ranges valid for the new context. As a consequence, current top-k algorithms are no longer directly applicable and need to be adapted to handle such uncertainty in object scores. Second, adapted view selection techniques are needed, which can leverage both the descriptions of queries and statistics over their results. Finally, we present an approach for inferring a signed network (a "web of trust")from user-generated content in Wikipedia. We investigate mechanisms by which relationships between Wikipedia contributors - in the form of signed directed links - can be inferred based their interactions. Our study sheds light into principles underlying a signed network that is captured by social interaction. We investigate whether this network over Wikipedia contributors represents indeed a plausible configuration of link signs, by studying its global and local network properties, and at an application level, by assessing its impact in the classification of Wikipedia articles.javascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract')
Runge, Katharina. „Visualisation de fluxoides dans des réseaux 2D artificiels supraconducteurs“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLutmann, Patrice. „Transfert et visualisation d'images numériques“. Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10715.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGagné-Delorme, Audrey. „Réseaux sociaux chez le mouflon d'Amérique (Ovis canadensis)“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTajeuna, Etienne Gaël. „Suivi des communautés dans les réseaux sociaux dynamiques“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8559.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMourier, Johann. „Réseaux sociaux et comportements complexes chez les requins“. Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHEA001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaigrot, Cédric. „Détection de fausses informations dans les réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFalse information are multiplying and are spreading quickly on social networks. In this thesis, we analyze the publications from a multimodal point of view between the text and the associated image. Several studies were conducted during this thesis. The first compares several types of media present on social networks and aims to discriminate them automatically. The second one allows the detection and the localization of modifications in an image thanks to the comparison with an old version of this image. Finally, we focused on merged knowledge based on the predictions of other research teams to create a single system
Hoang, Bao Thien. „Problème de sondage dans les réseaux sociaux décentralisés“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the current practical, useful but sensitive topic in social networks is polling problem where the privacy of exchanged information and user reputation are very critical. Indeed, users want to preserve the confidentiality of their votes and to hide, if any, their misbehaviors. Recently, Guerraoui et al. proposed polling protocols based on simple secret sharing scheme and without requiring any central authority or cryptography system. However these protocols can be deployed safely and efficiently provided that the social graph structure should be transformed into a ring structure-based overlay and the number of participating users is perfect square. In this thesis, we address the problem of deploying decentralized polling protocols for general social graphs and how to transform these graphs in order to increase the privacy and/or accuracy properties. First, we propose three simple decentralized polling protocols that rely on the current state of social graphs. The two first protocols use synchronous and asynchronous models and verification procedures to detect the misbehaving users. The third protocol is an asynchronous one that does not require any verification procedures and contains a method for efficiently broadcasting message under a family of social graphs satisfying what we call the “m-broadcasting” property. Second, we formalize the “adding friends” problem such that we can reuse the social graphs after some minimum structural modifications consisting in adding new friendship relations. We also devise algorithms for solving this problem in centralized and decentralized networks. We validate our solutions with some performance evaluations which show that our protocols are accurate, and inside the theoretical bounds
Huynh, The Dang. „Extension de PageRank et application aux réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066114/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRanking objects is one of the important and typical issues in our daily life. Many applications need to rank objects according to certain criteria, as simple as ranking students in a class according to average grades, or more complicated as ranking universities. Ranking objects means to arrange them in accordance with some criteria depending on the specific application.In the era of the Internet, a typical problem emerging in the last decades is the ranking of results returned by search engines. In conventional search engines (like Google, Yahoo or Bing ), the importance of a web page is the basis for ranking. This value is determined based on the analysis of graph links between web pages. With a set of documents V={v1, ..., vn}, when there is a user’s query q arriving, the search engine looks for documents in V matching the query q, then sorts the documents according to their relevance to the query in descending order. This process can be done thanks to a ranking function which allows us to compute the similarity s(q,vi) between the query q and a document vi ∈ V . Obviously, the ranking function can be seen as the core and significantly determines the quality of the search engine
Cutillo, Leucio Antonio. „Protection des données privées dans les réseaux sociaux“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00932360.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuynh, The Dang. „Extension de PageRank et application aux réseaux sociaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRanking objects is one of the important and typical issues in our daily life. Many applications need to rank objects according to certain criteria, as simple as ranking students in a class according to average grades, or more complicated as ranking universities. Ranking objects means to arrange them in accordance with some criteria depending on the specific application.In the era of the Internet, a typical problem emerging in the last decades is the ranking of results returned by search engines. In conventional search engines (like Google, Yahoo or Bing ), the importance of a web page is the basis for ranking. This value is determined based on the analysis of graph links between web pages. With a set of documents V={v1, ..., vn}, when there is a user’s query q arriving, the search engine looks for documents in V matching the query q, then sorts the documents according to their relevance to the query in descending order. This process can be done thanks to a ranking function which allows us to compute the similarity s(q,vi) between the query q and a document vi ∈ V . Obviously, the ranking function can be seen as the core and significantly determines the quality of the search engine
Cutillo, Leucio Antonio. „Protection des données privées dans les réseaux sociaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOnline Social Network (OSN) applications allow users of all ages and educational background to easily share a wide range of personal information with a theoretically unlimited number of partners. This advantage comes at the cost of increased security and privacy exposures for users, since in all existing OSN applications, to underpin a promising business model, users' data is collected and stored permanently at the databases of the service provider, which potentially becomes a “Big Brother” capable of exploiting this data in many ways that can violate the privacy of individual users or user groups. This thesis suggests and validates a new approach to tackle these security and privacy problems. In order to ensure users' privacy in the face of potential privacy violations by the provider, the suggested approach adopts a distributed architecture relying on cooperation among a number of independent parties that are also the users of the online social network application. The second strong point of the suggested approach is to capitalize on the trust relationships that are part of social networks in real life in order to cope with the problem of building trusted and privacy-preserving mechanisms as part of the online application. Based on these main design principles, a new distributed Online Social Network, namely Safebook, is proposed: Safebook leverages on real life trust and allows users to maintain the control on the access and the usage of their own data. The prototype of Safebook is available at www.safebook.eu
Thovex, Christophe. „Réseaux de Compétences : de l'Analyse des Réseaux Sociaux à l'Analyse Prédictive de Connaissances“. Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697798.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThovex, Christophe. „Réseaux de compétences : de l'analyse des réseaux sociaux à l'analyse prédictive de connaissances“. Phd thesis, Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9655d57c-574a-4377-8aa1-cc682eecb122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 1977, Freeman formalised generic measures of Social Networks Analysis (SNA). Then, the Web “2. 0” social networks have become global networks (e. G. , FaceBook, MSN). This thesis defines a semantic model, non probabilist and predictive, for the decisional analysis of professional and institutional social networks. The presented multidisciplinary model, in parallel to the Galam sociophysics, integrates some semantic methods of natural language processing and knowledge engineering, some measures of statistic sociology and some electrodynamic laws, applied to the economic performance and social climate optimisation. It has been developped and experimented in line with the Socioprise project, funded by the French State Secretariat for the prospective and development of the digital economy
Lalanne, Marie. „Essais sur l'économie des réseaux sociaux et du genre“. Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis investigates one factor that may differ across men and women and may contribute to their differentlabor market outcomes: social networks. The objective of this work is twofold. On the one hand, it is important tounderstand whether men and women differ in the way they form their social networks. On the other hand, it isnecessary to pay particular attention to how men and women use their social networks for job-related benefits, inorder to understand whether social networks form part of the explanation behind persistent gender differences inthe labor market.The first chapter tries to assess whether men and women differ in terms of their social network formation. It teststwo hypotheses, based on sexual selection theory, about gender differences in individual choices with respect tosocial interactions that require investment (of time or economic resources). The differential selectivity hypothesispredicts that women invest less than men in interactions with new partners, all other things being equal. Thedifferential opportunism hypothesis predicts that women’s investments in social interactions are less responsive toinformation about the likely economic payoff to these investments. Both hypotheses, if true, imply importantdifferences in the formation of social networks by women and men. Evidence is found in support of the twohypotheses, using two cohorts of a total of 363 students that were matched randomly over two rounds withpartners to play trust games.The second chapter investigates whether social networks yield different salary benefits for some 22,000 male andfemale senior executive and non-executive board members in European and US firms. The number of currentlyinfluential individuals with whom executive men have previously worked has a large positive impact on their salary,while the impact for executive women is significantly weaker, and statistically distinguishable from zero only incertain years. These findings also hold for non-salaried remuneration. Using a placebo measure of individuals whowere employed in the same firm as the individuals, but at different times, it is shown that the network measuresreflect genuine connections and not merely unobserved individual characteristics. In contrast to executives, nonexecutiveboard members do not display systematic gender differences in the effectiveness with which theyleverage their links into remuneration. The possible mechanisms at play are explored, and it appears that the firmswhich do the most to integrate women into positions of executive power appear to rely less on networks forrecruitment.The third chapter focuses on the role of social networks in outside board appointments. Using data on US publiclyquoted companies from 2003 to 2012, prior employment links between candidates and the current directors sittingon the board are uncovered by studying the employment history of candidates and board members anddetermining whether they have previously worked together. This works shows that having historical connectionswith board members increases the probability of being appointed as an outside director, and knowing the CEO inparticular increases this probability further. On the contrary, being connected with members of the nominationcommittee in particular does not improve the chances of being appointed to the board above and beyond theeffect of knowing any board member. Future research should determine whether the effect of social networks onoutside board appointments is detrimental or not for firm performance and corporate governance in general
Grebennikova, Krasautsava Iryna. „Internet et les nouvelles formes de sociabilité à travers les "chats"“. Grenoble 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE39007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research project studies the use of public Francophone chat rooms. We conceptualize chats as the medium that provides access to new forms of communication, and have studied the forms of sociability that are intertwined through this medium. We have structured our study in three parts. The first part deals with the theoretical approaches on the uses of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). In this part we applied an ethnological approach in order to observe the social networks and analyze the place that this technology occupies among the exchanges between the different members of the network. This perspective allowed us to consider the chat as a social element that connects individuals among themselves. The second part of the thesis presents the historical aspects of the evolution of the communicational practices as well as the changes brought upon in the day to day ways of life. On the third and last part of this work we conceptualize the chat as an instrument of contemporary sociability. We described the characteristic of this medium, analyzed the different types of chats, how they work and how they are applied. We conclude by presenting the main results obtained from the questionnaire applied to the users, and we analyzed the results obtained from an observation of a group that used the chat room called "Voilà"