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Chow, Alice S. Y., Anson T. H. Ma, Gwendolyn K. L. Wong, Theresa W. L. Lam und Lewis T. O. Cheung. „The Impacts of Place Attachment on Environmentally Responsible Behavioral Intention and Satisfaction of Chinese Nature-Based Tourists“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 20 (11.10.2019): 5585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205585.
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Increasing visits to protected areas in China have drawn public attention on the negative impacts on ecologically sensitive areas. Understanding potential determinants of the environmentally responsible behavioral intention of nature-based tourists has become a common focus in tourism studies. Scholars seek to explore potential determinants of visitors’ behavior, and the findings can be referenced by the managers of protected areas to formulate visitor management strategies. On the basis of a sample of 402 questionnaires collected in protected areas in South China, namely, Nanling National Forest Park and Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve, we explore the association between visitors’ place attachment and their satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavioral intention. The results show that place dependence and place identity are positively correlated with the satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavioral intention of visitors; thus, our results differ from those of previous studies on Western visitors. The lack of significant results regarding place social bonding revealed the shortcomings associated with visitor management in China’s protected areas. Chinese culture has a great influence on various findings in this study. All of the findings provide significant insights for management and policy-making regarding protected areas worldwide to accommodate the rising number of nature-based visitors to China.
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Ahmad, Shamsidar, Mohamed Yusoff Abbas, Mohd Zafrullah Mohd. Taib und Mawar Masri. „The Shaping of Knowledge: Communication of meaning through museum exhibition design“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, Nr. 10 (24.08.2018): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i10.325.
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The primary objective of museum management in shaping of knowledge can be achieved by a communication of meaning through quality displays of the permanent collection or temporary exhibitions, the specimens of a continent or the interactive apparatus of science. This paper looks at research derived primarily from the museum scholars and experts with academics working in the field of visitor studies towards developing exhibits that facilitated visitor learning. These findings are recast the approach in order to offer an integrated framework for visitor behavior has implications for service management of the service encounter at the museum in Malaysia.
Keywords: Museum exhibitions design; communication of meaning; shaping of knowledge; quality of life.
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i10.325
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Mohamed, Noralizawati, und Noriah Othman. „Push and Pull Factor: Determining the visitors’ satisfactions at urban recreational area“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 1, Nr. 1 (01.12.2016): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v1i1.169.
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This study investigates the visitors’ satisfaction at the most popular urban recreational area, Kepong Metropolitan Park, Selangor. It presents the analysis and synthesis of information collected from an open-ended survey. Selected visitors were asked to state their opinions regarding overall scene and the answers were summarized and categorized in terms of several dimensions. As a result, the researcher found that the visitors expressed several comments and suggestions that could be used as push and pull factors in determining their satisfaction in the recreational area. These two dimensional phenomenons are very useful as reference to researchers or designers to identify and fulfill the visitors’ satisfaction for future preparation of recreational area.
© 2016 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Keywords: Push and Pull Factor, Visitor Satisfaction, Urban Recreation Area, Open-ended Survey
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Alves, Diana, Elaine Scalabrini, Márcia Vaz, João Paulo Teixeira, Carlos Jesus Rivas Rojo, David Muriel Alonso, Lúcia Garrote Mestre und Paula Odete Fernandes. „Visitors' Satisfaction in Natural Areas: The Case of Vinhais Biological Park“. International Conference on Tourism Research 6, Nr. 1 (26.05.2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1233.
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Satisfaction is a widely studied issue in tourism as it provides an understanding of the performance of a tourism destination's offer, highlighting the most important features considered by tourists. The growth in tourism demand in natural areas also makes it an important factor in identifying visitor satisfaction, as sustainable planning of these areas may also rely on knowing the opinion of their visitors. In this context, this study aimed to determine the visitors´ satisfaction with Vinhais Biological Park, located in the northeast of Portugal, during the summer of 2022. A questionnaire consisting of 8 closed-ended questions to identify the socio-demographic profile and overall satisfaction was applied during July and August 2022. Therefore, 251 valid questionnaires were considered for the quantitative data analysis and a final sampling error of 6.13% was assumed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to identify the socio-demographic profile and the satisfaction with the resources offered. Four hypotheses were formulated to test the association between socio-demographic profile (age group, gender, nationality, and education level) and overall satisfaction. The c2 test was used to test the hypotheses assuming a 5% significance level. The main findings showed that the socio-demographic profile of the sample is predominantly male (54.6%), aged between 11 and 40 years (77.6%), of Portuguese nationality (71.3%) and with higher education level (48.6%). Concerning the visit motivation, 61.4% went to the park after visiting the city of Vinhais or the region and nearly half (47%) of the respondents were satisfied. The results of c2 test revealed no significant association between the socio-demographic profile and overall satisfaction, meaning that none of the hypotheses was supported. Considering the number of visitors received in the park annually, this study's sample can be regarded as a limitation, making the understanding of satisfaction limited to the period of analysis and at a period when the impact of COVID-19 is noticeable. Finally, for future studies, a comparative analysis with other natural parks, both Portuguese and Spanish, is suggested for better monitoring of visitor satisfaction.
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Kamri, Thalany. „Willingness to Pay for Conservation in Gunung Gading National Park“. Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, Nr. 9 (06.01.2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i9.91.
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An open-ended contingent valuation survey was conducted involving local and international visitors to estimate the environmental economics of Gunung Gading National Park. This was to elicit the willingness to pay for its conservation. Using a random survey, the average willingness to pay was RM16.14 for international visitors per visit and RM7.38 per local visitor per visit for conservation. The willingness to pay was strongly influenced by gender, education and income. This study demonstrated that contingent valuation method can be a useful tool to guide decision makers regarding policy purposes and natural resources management of protected area in developing countries.Keywords: contingent valuation; open-ended; protected areas; conservationeISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Chiang, Yu-Jen. „Multisensory Stimuli, Restorative Effect, and Satisfaction of Visits to Forest Recreation Destinations: A Case Study of the Jhihben National Forest Recreation Area in Taiwan“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, Nr. 18 (15.09.2023): 6768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186768.
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The perceived quality of the restorative environment of forest resources should be a key consideration for forest recreational areas in managing ecosystem services to provide health benefits to visitors. However, previous studies on utilizing forests as a resource for restorative services have rarely explored the simultaneous integration of on-site sensory experiences from a multisensory perspective or evaluated visitor satisfaction from a service-oriented standpoint. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the association among multisensory stimuli, perceived restorativeness, and satisfaction with visits to forest recreation areas and clarify the mediating role of perceived restorativeness in the relationship between multisensory stimuli and satisfaction. This study deployed a questionnaire and collected 458 valid responses from visitors to the Jhihben National Forest Recreation Area in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the study hypotheses. The results indicated that visual sensations, auditory sensations, olfactory sensations, and tactile sensations had significant positive effects on perceived restorativeness and satisfaction and that perceived restorativeness also had a significant positive effect on satisfaction. Perceived restorativeness played a partial mediating role in this causal model. This study verified the psychological model of the relationships among a natural setting’s multisensory stimuli, perceived restorativeness, and satisfaction. In practice, the findings of this study offer guidance for forest recreation areas to develop strategies for ecological services, encompassing the establishment of restorative environmental management and visitor service management approaches.
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Farías-Torbidoni, Estela, und Demir Barić. „Make Them Move: Understanding Visitors’ Sedentary Behavior in Protected Natural Areas. A Case Study in Spain“. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, Nr. 12 (01.12.2019): 1129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0646.
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Background: Protected areas are important attractions for promoting healthy life habits. Consequently, to date, a number of studies have examined the association between visitors’ characteristics and physical activities. However, little is known about the specific users inclined exclusively to have sedentary behavior during a visit. Thus, using the Alt Pirineu Natural Park (Spain) as a case study, the aim of this study is to determine the influence of sociodemographic, trip, motivational, and opinion descriptors on the likelihood of participating in sedentary behavior while visiting a protected natural area. Methods: The data used were randomly collected from visitors through an onsite structured questionnaire (N = 628). Results: Metabolic equivalent consumption was used to empirically distinguish the sedentary (22.6%) from the active (77.4%) visitor groups. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the trip and motivational descriptors explained the highest degree of the overall variation in reporting sedentary behavior. Conclusion: The study contributed to documenting the information about visitors’ behavior in protected areas, and the findings may aid park managers in developing effective management strategies for promoting and enhancing physical activity in protected natural areas.
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Ahmad, Shamsidar, Mohamed Yusoff Abbas, Wan Zaiyana Mohd Yusof und Mohd Zafrullah Mohd.Taib. „Museum Learning Experience:Turning visitors as participants“. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, Nr. 10 (13.03.2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i10.82.
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Public participation such as visitor satisfaction was directly related to experience of the effectiveness learning and discovery also involvement in motivating learning behaviour at the museum. These will enhance museum in direction shaping a sustainable future as the museums as institutions for lifelong learning. The study reports the current status of a study focusing on Research Framework (RF) towards an adult visitors’ learning within informal education setting through museum exhibitions that are a part of on-going doctoral research programme that correlated with the museum management in Malaysia.Keywords: visitors’experience and learning; public participation; informal learning; lifelong learning eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Lefebvre, Vincent, Christophe Daugeron, Claire Villemant und Colin Fontaine. „Empidine dance flies pollinate the woodland geranium as effectively as bees“. Biology Letters 15, Nr. 7 (Juli 2019): 20190230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0230.
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Most flowering plants species rely on insects for pollination, a successful mutualism allowing them to reproduce over wide areas while flower-visitors are rewarded with food. This association is so conspicuous in the case of bees that other groups of potential pollinators, especially flies, have long been underestimated. However, visitors are not always pollinators. While the importance of flies in plant–visitor networks is now acknowledged, their pollination effectiveness has hardly been investigated. In this study, we assessed the pollination effectiveness of Geranium sylvaticum flower-visitors using single-visit seed set experiments, in a subalpine meadow where flies are predominant. We found that: (i) empidine dance flies were the most frequent visitors of G. sylvaticum ; (ii) a single-visit by an empidine dance fly produced the same average number of seeds as a visit by a bee; (iii) large pollinators were more efficient than small pollinators irrespective of their identity. As a conclusion, large empidines were the main pollinators of G. sylvaticum . Considering the high diversity and abundance of flower-visiting fly species, such results showing their ability to be as effective pollinators as bees should encourage further studies to develop a better understanding on their role in plant–pollinator networks.
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Sung, Minki. „Influence of Cultural Landscapes on Visitors’ Behavior in the Context of COVID-19 Social Distancing Policies: A Case Study of Open Public Spaces Inside Gyeongbok Palace“. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 26, Nr. 4 (31.08.2023): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2023.26.4.403.
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Background and objective: Many studies have highlighted the psychological benefits of natural outdoor environments and cultural heritage sites for visitors. However, few studies have investigated the combined impact of natural outdoor settings and cultural heritage sites considering contextual factors such as gender, age, time of day, and period on visiting patterns. This study aims to identify the impact of cultural landscapes on visiting patterns, focusing on the open public spaces of Gyeongbok Palace, Seoul.Methods: A mixed-method approach was used to examine the association between cultural landscape elements and visiting patterns. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were employed to assess how the cultural landscape affected visiting patterns from 2019 to 2021, considering the impact of COVID-19 social distancing policies. An on-site visit observation and analysis of previous case studies were conducted to further investigate the impacts of cultural landscape elements on visitors' behavior patterns.Results: The findings indicated that the cultural landscape played a role in shaping visitors' behaviors and revealed significant variations in visitation patterns based on visitors' age and the day of the week. A strong positive correlation was observed between teenagers and weekday visits, especially in 2020 when COVID-19 restrictions were in place and students were taking online classes. Furthermore, the results showed a noticeable increase in correlation scores in 2021 compared with those in 2019, supporting the notion of heritage sites serving as healing and relaxing places for people to enjoy as they age.Conclusion: The study findings provide an empirical basis for studying cultural heritage assets and other natural outdoor environments as a type of cultural landscape to enhance visitor satisfaction and provide positive benefits to visitors. It highlights the importance of preserving and promoting cultural landscapes as integrated systems of natural and cultural resources, which can be applied to heritage policies and management strategies.
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Shan, Xi-Zhang. „Association between the time patterns of urban green space visitations and visitor characteristics in a high-density, subtropical city“. Cities 97 (Februar 2020): 102562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102562.
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MacNiven, Sean, J. John Lennon, Julie Roberts und Maxime MacNiven. „The language of marketing hyperbole and consumer perception–The case of Glasgow“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 12 (20.12.2023): e0295132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295132.
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The aim of the study was to explore the potential of a timed word association task to generate detailed insights into the perception of Glasgow city and its people which could inform destination and brand marketing. Destination marketers have a challenge to convey the tourist destination image to attract and satisfy the expectations of its visitors. Yet destination perceptions are often the result of multiple tourist visitor experiences at a location, neglecting the voice of the resident. The extent to which word associations varied by participants’ relationship to Glasgow was identified in terms of Aaker’s brand personality scale, an extension of personality research on brands and destinations. Surveying of 1,219 UK participants generated a total of 5,993 terms (city; 1,144 unique) and 5,034 terms (people; 944 unique). The value of capturing the perceptions of a destination by its residents is identified. The results showed that the city of Glasgow was often described as cold and busy, while the people were primarily described as friendly and funny. Evidence was found in support of dual-processing theory suggesting word associations based on lived experiences of a city may be generated later (in terms of the order in which the terms were generated) in a word association task, while common linguistic associations (e.g. synonyms, antonyms, hierarchies etc.) tend to be generated earlier in the task. As hypothesised, analyses revealed a significant relationship between several of the Aaker-dimensions of brand personality, and the consumers’ relationship to Glasgow, extending marketing research with an empirical approach to identifying differences in the perceived personality of a destination. The study offers a practical, fast, and replicable method for destination marketers to study consumer perception at scale, which is currently not widely utilised in this field. In particular, the use of semantic distance and word embeddings provides a readily available approach to automatically categorise content derived from word associations studies, or indeed, any text-based content. In contrast, financial investment in non-validated branding and destination marketing campaigns appear to be increasingly problematic. Advances were made in testing an approach to interpreting word associations through the lens of linguistic and situated simulation (LASS) theory to provide deeper analysis to both categorise and interpret consumers’ perception. Traditional approaches to tourism marketing and destination branding rarely provide such a level of analytical appraisal. The analysis presented in this paper challenges the orthodoxy and validity of investment in brand and destination marketing at a city level and the potential for word association tasks to be used as a valuable alternative method to create more effective destination marketing and branding.
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Nizaela F, Al Fiyan, Teguh Susyanto und Retno Tri Vulandari. „Implementasi Algoritma Apriori pada Tata Letak Kategori Buku di Perpustakaan“. Jurnal Ilmiah SINUS 20, Nr. 1 (14.01.2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30646/sinus.v20i1.566.
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The library is a collection place of various kinds of books. Arrangement of books by category called book shelving makes easier for customers to choose and find books. However, the location and arrangement of book categories becomes a problem in a library. Based on the book borrowing data, data mining was carried out to find out a book borrowed simultaneously by library visitor in one transaction. This can be solved by using the association rule technique and a priori algorithm. Possible combinations of borrowed books were based on certain rules and then tested whether the combination of items meets the minimum support requirements to create eligible rules. The results of this study were in the form of information about a combination of borrowed books for libraries to arrange the location of books according to categories that are often borrowed together.
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Hanan, Himasari. „Every Day Practices and Experiential Urban Space“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 2, Nr. 5 (24.10.2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i5.220.
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Strolling along Riau Street and shopping in Factory Outlet are major attractions to the visitor as well as to the small-scale entrepreneur for the experiential urban space and business opportunity being suggested. This paper will discuss the informal activities that constitute experiential urban space on pedestrian ways in front of the Factory Outlet, and the spatio-temporal arrangements being created through human activities and commodity transaction. Further on, the paper will summarize the physical and emotional aspects of urban spaces in attracting people and creating pleasurable experiences.
Keywords: urban spectacle; small-scale entrepreneur; pedestrian ways; Bandung
eISSN 2514-751X © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Mohd Razali, Noorul Huda, und Anuar Talib. „The Privacy Aspects in the Malay Dwelling“. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, Nr. 11 (20.05.2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.111.
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The Malay dwelling (MD) in Melaka demonstrated the Malay cultural norms, religious beliefs and the basic requirements of privacy in Islam. Privacy needs of the family members and the non-mahram visitor is determinant for designing the space planning in MD. Different types of dwelling size were selected in order to investigate the concept of privacy. Research methodology was designed on occupant observation, layout plan measurement and in-depth interviews. The results affect the privacy provisions and behaviors of MD occupants. Moreover, these findings assist to produce new design recommendations of layout plans, to achieve the privacy level from Islamic perspective.Keywords: Privacy; Malay dwelling; floor space planning; Islamic perspectives of privacyeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.111
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Ahmad, Shamsidar, Mohamed Yusoff Abbas, Wan Zaiyana Mohd. Yusof und Mohd Zafrullah Mohd. Taib. „Creating Museum Exhibition: What the public want?“ Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, Nr. 11 (19.05.2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.98.
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The purpose of this paper is the identification of issues from the perspective views of museum scholars and experts toward creating direction in developing museum exhibitions in Malaysia for public learning. Recently, museums have developed a strong interest in technology as their path more towards of leisure industries. However, there are contradicting opinions arising between using “traditional” approach and “interactive” technology exhibition techniques for visitor learning. This paper initiates a search for such literature and identifies key concepts for further deliberations. Finally, these findings are intended to formulate the best-practice on learning “tool” in a museum exhibition practice.Keywords: Museum; museum learning and museum exhibition. eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.98
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Touloun, Chaima, und Rachid Eddali. „Tourist Environmental Behaviour: A narrative review“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, Nr. 23 (30.03.2023): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i23.4510.
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Environmental sustainability is a significant issue nowadays. Travelers must become more environmentally conscious of protecting the earth. Academics focus more on environmental degradation, pollution, and human behaviour's influence on climate change. Late 20th-century researchers are increasingly environmentally conscious. Tourists' environmentally friendly conduct at their destination is influenced by contextual variables, although they have not been fully investigated. Researchers say studying visitor behaviour reduces tourism's environmental effect. By reviewing the literature, it is possible to contextualize the pro-environmental behaviour of tourists. Businesses, governments, and tourists must alter their practices to ensure a sustainable future. Keywords: Environmental behaviour; green tourism; tourist behaviour; sustainability eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2023. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i23.4510
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Del-Claro, K., D. Rodriguez-Morales, E. S. Calixto, A. S. Martins und H. M. Torezan-Silingardi. „Ant pollination of Paepalanthus lundii (Eriocaulaceae) in Brazilian savanna“. Annals of Botany 123, Nr. 7 (10.03.2019): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz021.
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Abstract Background and Aims Ant–plant associations are widely diverse and distributed throughout the world, leading to complex ecological networks. Regarding ant–plant mutualism, ant pollination is a very rare interaction and few studies have shown the role of ants as pollinators. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of ants as effective pollinators of Paepalanthus lundii (Eriocaulaceae) in a Brazilian savanna. Methods Fieldwork with experimental manipulation was conducted to evaluate the fitness of P. lundii, considering potential pollinators. For this, we mainly observed the number of seeds produced in different conditions: control, ant exclusion, exclusion of flying insects, and exclusion (entomophily test) of both ants and flying insects. Furthermore, we evaluated all floral visitors throughout the day, stigma receptivity, the numbers of male and female flowers, and patterns of species co-occurrence, which can indicate the presence of different pollinators in the plants at the same time. Key Results We observed a relation between seed production and ant visits; Camponotus crassus was the most frequent floral visitor and the most effective pollinator. Also, we observed a statistical difference between the numbers of male and female flowers produced, with a greater number of male flowers. Furthermore, P. lundii presented flowering asynchrony, with 12 different types of maturation sequence, which indicates a cross-pollination system. Lastly, we observed an overlap of the greatest abundance of C. crassus and the time of plant stigmatic receptivity, and a pattern of non co-occurrence of ants, which shows the pollinator role of this ant. Conclusions Our data provide evidence that previous generalizations neglecting the importance of ants as pollinators are wrong. Brazilian savanna can reveal a lot about the ant-pollination syndrome, since this environment presents peculiar characteristics related to this association. Thus, this study has great significance for the understanding of the ant-pollination syndrome, and for the understanding of the complex ecological networks present in these dry arid systems.
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Scorrano, Paola, Monica Fait, Lea Iaia und Pierfelice Rosato. „The image attributes of a destination: an analysis of the wine tourists’ perception“. EuroMed Journal of Business 13, Nr. 3 (03.09.2018): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-11-2017-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the features that qualify the wine tourism destinations’ (WTDs) image and to deepen analyse the role of the image on the wine tourists’ perception, assuming that it changes from tourist to tourist, depending on who has formed its perception after a real experience or not. Design/methodology/approach This contribution fits in the range of studies regarding the measurement of the destination image; the authors suited the Echtner and Ritchie’s model (1991, 1993), as its multidimensionality approach, rarely applied in the area of wine tourism. Findings From a comparison between the images of the chosen destination, wine tourists consider Bordeaux the benchmark of WTDs and, in the collective imagery, France is one of the excellences between WTDs. The association territory-wine is less marked, so the biggest contribute is given by the in situ experience. Research limitations/implications Despite results can’t be generalised because the samples of convenience, they have provided an overall outline of attributes, benefits and attitudes of wine tourists of Web 2.0. Practical implications A managerial lecture of results shows that young destinations (aka new wine regions) have a bigger propensity for destination management as well as the attention to marketing aspects, which are able to influence the competitiveness of destination. Instead, destinations with an ancient tradition (aka old wine regions), although unique for their wines and territories, food traditions and the historic-architectural heritage, need to improve their services. Originality/value This research applies the consolidated analysis method of E&R on the theme of destination image to the wine tourism, never used for WTDs, improving the model with a comparison between visitor and no-visitor perceptions.
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Benson, Ciarán. „Psychology and World Heritage? Reflections on Time, Memory, and Imagination for a Heritage Context“. International Journal of Cultural Property 27, Nr. 2 (Mai 2020): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739120000168.
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AbstractConcepts of memory—specifically notions of collective memory—are associated in heritage studies with the central idea of authenticity. In this article I review what is relevant in the psychology of memory to these discourses, and reflect on this association of collective memory and authenticity in heritage studies, notably in the 1994 Nara Document on Authenticity. Concepts of time are central to this review. The idea of world heritage is, it is suggested, a future-oriented ideal for a common humanity. The metaphorical underpinnings of our vernacular uses of time-concepts, such as past and future, are examined. Psychological considerations of memory as retrieval or reconstruction are then outlined. The distinction between kinds of memory, notably episodic and semantic memory, is then presented. These, it is argued, are building blocks for collective memory, which, in turn, is the seedbed for the underemphasized but potent idea of collective imagination. If the primary function of memory is actually oriented to the future, then imagination is what puts kinds of memory to work in both predicting and creating the future. Our ability to imagine—to mentally project forward—is heavily dependent on what we know—that is, on semantic memory. The article concludes with some reflections on the policy implications of this analysis for the visitor to world heritage sites.
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Carlisle, Janice. „THE SMELL OF CLASS: BRITISH NOVELS OF THE 1860s“. Victorian Literature and Culture 29, Nr. 1 (März 2001): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301291013.
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EVENBEFORE ESTHER LYON enters the narrative of Felix Holt, she is introduced to the eponymous hero, whom she will eventually marry, through two smells — one present, the other absent; one highly conventional, the other distinctly unusual. As the narrator explains, Mr. Lyon’s sitting room contains “certain things” that are “incongruous” with its “general air” of “privation,” among them the “delicate scent of dried rose-leaves” and a wax candle. Lyon, embarrassed by what he takes to be Felix Holt’s unspoken criticism of such indulgence, explains to his visitor, “You are doubtless amazed to see me with a wax-light . . . but this undue luxury is paid for with the earnings of my daughter, who is so delicately framed that the smell of tallow is loathsome to her” (Eliot 53–54; ch. 5).1 Esther’s association with the scent of roses is quite unremarkable: it simply and quickly registers her as a wholly acceptable marriage partner. Lyon’s reference to the smell of tallow candles is, however, according to the practices of Victorian fiction, quite unconventional, first because it explicitly evokes a smell that is not there, the strong odor of candles made from animal fat; secondly, because it identifies a good smell or the relative lack of one, that of wax candles, with a negative moral judgment: Esther’s practice of spending her earnings on such candles is, to Lyon at least,
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Wilkinson, Lindsay, Julie Masters und Julie Blaskewicz Boron. „Provider Communication and Loneliness in Senior Living Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic“. Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (01.12.2021): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2675.
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Abstract Prior research has demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on feelings of loneliness, but relatively little is known about loneliness in the context of senior living communities (SLCs). Indeed, the pandemic has led SLCs to enact new safety precautions, including visitor restrictions, intended to reduce the spread of COVID-19, which may have serious consequences for the psychosocial well-being of residents. Drawing on a sample of 733 adults ages 54 to 100 living in one of nine SLCs in December 2020 (response rate = 60%), linear regression models were used to examine whether perceived communication between SLCs and residents during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced feelings of loneliness. Analyses also considered whether this association varied as a function of education. Our findings reveal that 53% of respondents were very lonely during the pandemic. However, older adults who perceived that their SLC had been helpful to their understanding of the pandemic were significantly less lonely (p < 0.01), adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Moreover, we found that less educated older adults derived the greatest benefit from effective communication about the pandemic (p < 0.05). Those with less education reported feeling lonelier if they did not perceive that their SLC communicated in a way that helped them better understand the pandemic; there was no such association for those with higher education. The findings from this study provide support for the resource substitution hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of communication in alleviating feelings of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Wu, Duan, Chenxi Yao und Jiping Wang. „Facilitating Innovation in the Economy of Choice: A Case Study of Research on Museum“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 5, Nr. 2 (2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.52.2001.
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Over the past decade, museums all over the world have faced increasing pressures to transform as a result of visitor changes and technological advancement. “Excellence and Equity: Education and Public Dimension of Museums” published by the American Association of Museums (AAM) describe that the museum has become an intermediary and public education centers for social inclusion. (Yuha Jung, 2011) In the economy of choice, it is no longer collections that drive the priorities of museums but rather the needs of communities. At the same time, museums increasingly rely on the interpretation of their resources to provide distinctive experiences that attract and engage visitors. New challenges lead to new applications. With this background, Innovation, which in essence can be defined as “the development of new customer’s value through solutions that meet new needs, inarticulate needs, or old customer and market” (Alshammari, A. A., Rasli, A., Alnajem, M., & Arshad, A. S, 2014) has become a key factor for the success of museum. Through case studies and analysis with multiple design methods in open innovation and social innovation, the research seeks to better understand the role of “innovation” in the interpretation projects in a modern museum perspective, and the role of strategic design in the transforming complicated context of modern museum to help reach out the most practical strategy. Moreover, the paper presents a new framework for innovation methods to be used in the modern museum context. The theoretical framework of the framework is based on three concepts: open innovation, social innovation, and innovative design thinking toolkit. The framework is structured to make innovation in the museum more replicable, scalable and operable, and it could be used as a planning tool to carry out innovation or evaluate innovation. This paper argues that museum innovation is a field of specialized interdisciplinary practice that exemplifies the highly collaborative and strategic nature of contemporary design practice. Designer’s role in this transforming context should be the leader, the facilitator, the generalist, the user advocate, and the analyst. This article is still at an early step in the challenges of museum innovation and the research will continue.
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Аbdrakhmanov, K. A. „THE SPECIFICS OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIAN MERCHANTS IN CENTRAL ASIA IN THE LATE IMPERIAL PERIOD (ACCORDING TO THE MEMOIRS OF NIKOLAY A. VARENTSOV)“. Вестник Пермского университета. История, Nr. 3 (62) (2023): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-3-64-73.
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The paper describes the business trip of the Moscow merchant Nikolay A. Varentsov to Central Asia in 1891 from the perspective of the history of everyday life. The published memoirs of Varentsov served as the basis of the study. Certain aspects of the daily life of Russian merchants, presented in these ego-materials, have not yet become the object of research, which makes the presented work valuable. In addition to these materials, other documents were used in the study, including those of personal origin (diaries, travel notes, historical and geographical essays, etc.), which logically supplement and confirm Varentsov's story about the specifics of solving business problems in the Asian direction. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the features of the life of Russian merchants in the urban environment of the khanates of Central Asia in the late 19th century during their visits on trade matters. The author of the memoir went on his journey reluctantly, sharing the idea common among Russian people that Asia was a very distant and dangerous place. Varentsov emphasized the problem of recruiting employees for managerial positions, which was relevant for businessmen. While inspecting the Central Asian representative offices of the Moscow Commercial and Industrial Association, located in different towns of the region, the visitor learned about the dangers to the traveler posed by wild animals and robbers. Participating in negotiations with local merchants and representatives of the administration, Varentsov, despite his will, experienced certain traditions of the Turkic peoples. The research showed a number of differences between the conditions of professional activities of merchants who traded with the Asian khanates during the period of their independence, and entrepreneurs operating in the late 19th century. For example, by the time of Varentsov’s trip, camels, which had previously been the only transport capable of delivering merchants and their goods to the markets of Central Asia, had already lost their leading positions to rail transport.
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Brown, Julian, und Saul A. Cunningham. „Global-scale drivers of crop visitor diversity and the historical development of agriculture“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, Nr. 1915 (20.11.2019): 20192096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2096.
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Understanding diversity in flower-visitor assemblages helps us improve pollination of crops and support better biodiversity conservation outcomes. Much recent research has focused on drivers of crop-visitor diversity operating over spatial scales from fields to landscapes, such as pesticide and habitat management, while drivers operating over larger scales of continents and biogeographic realms are virtually unknown. Flower and visitor traits influence attraction of pollinators to flowers, and evolve in the context of associations that can be ancient or recent. Plants that have been adopted into agriculture have been moved widely around the world and thereby exposed to new flower visitors. Remarkably little is known of the consequence of these historical patterns for present-day crop-visiting bee diversity. We analyse data from 317 studies of 27 crops worldwide and find that crops are visited by fewer bee genera outside their region of origin and outside their family's region of origin. Thus, recent human history and the deeper evolutionary history of crops and bees appear to be important determinants of flower-visitor diversity at large scales that constrain the levels of visitor diversity that can be influenced by field- and landscape-scale interventions.
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Mendonça, Gulnar Azevedo S., und José Eluf-Neto. „Hospital visitors as controls in case-control studies“. Revista de Saúde Pública 35, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2001): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102001000500005.
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OBJECTIVE: Selecting controls is one of the most difficult tasks in the design of case-control studies. Hospital controls may be inadequate and random controls drawn from the base population may be unavailable. The aim was to assess the use of hospital visitors as controls in a case-control study on the association of organochlorinated compounds and other risk factors for breast cancer conducted in the main hospital of the "Instituto Nacional de Câncer" -- INCA (National Cancer Institute) in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). METHODS: The study included 177 incident cases and 377 controls recruited among female visitors. Three different models of control group composition were compared: Model 1, with all selected visitors; Model 2, excluding women visiting relatives with breast cancer; and Model 3, excluding all women visiting relatives with any type of cancer. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to test the associations. RESULTS: Age-adjusted OR for breast cancer associated with risk factors other than family history of cancer, except smoking and breast size, were similar in the three models. Regarding family history of all cancers, except for breast cancer, there was a decreased risk in Models 1 and 2, while in Model 3 there was an increased risk, but not statistically significant. Family history of breast cancer was a risk factor in Models 2 and 3, but no association was found in Model 1. In multivariate analysis a significant risk of breast cancer was found when there was a family history of breast cancer in Models 2 and 3 but not in Model 1. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that while investigating risk factors unrelated to family history of cancer, the use of hospital visitors as controls may be a valid and feasible alternative.
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Awan, Ayesha, Saif Ur Rahman, Mubashar Ali und Mahwish Zafar. „Institutional Performance and Tourism Arrival Nexus in BRICS Countries: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL Cointegration Approach“. iRASD Journal of Economics 5, Nr. 1 (30.03.2023): 784–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0501.0116.
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Tourism is significantly influenced by institutional quality. The strength of institutions is also important for the growth of tourism because poor institutions may inhibit tourists from entering a region. Over the years, there have been rare studies on the association between institutional quality and tourism in BRICS Nations by using NARDL. Using the NARDL model & institutional theories, this study looks at the asymmetric effects of institutional quality on tourist arrival in the BRICS countries from 1996 to 2021. The findings suggest that a gain in institutional quality will boost Tourist arrival for the BRICS countries to examine the interrelationships among variables both long and short run and NARDL shows a positive relation between the expansion of tourism in the BRICS countries. This study examines the asymmetric effects of institutional quality and energy consumption on visitor arrival. The long-run asymmetries between institutional quality, energy use, and tourism in the BRICS countries. Furthermore, the study finds that neglecting the series’ inherent nonlinearities may lead to misleading inferences. The policy argued that in order to increase investment in institutional quality and energy consumption, appropriate measures must be taken, including deregulation of economic activity, the development of The implementation of adequate regulatory frameworks and tax constructions, the development of port infrastructure, a road network, a rail system, and telecommunications facilities, the achievement of trade-related clarity trade-related adaptability and the expansion of the nation's infrastructure in to accommodate more tourists. As a result, recommendations for measures to improve tourist arrival, promote high-quality institutions, and stop environmental damage were suggested. As a result, the present study offers the BRICS countries a foundation for their policies.
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Frempong, Foster, Fredrick Dayour und Alberta Bondzi- Simpson. „Visitor satisfaction with Ghana’s tourist attractions“. Oguaa Journal of Social Sciences 7, Nr. 3 (01.12.2015): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/joss.v7i3.303.
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Attractions play an important role in determining a destination’s allure, and for this reason many destinations seek to boost patronage of their products by marketing their attractions. Thus, tourist satisfaction with attractions is intrinsically linked to a destination’s fortunes. Yet, not many studies have focused on attraction satisfaction, much so within the Sub Saharan African milieu which presents a context that is rather different from the conventional settings within which tourism has been studied. This paper therefore set out to explore visitor satisfaction with Ghana’s attractions. It employed a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods and interviewed 412 visitors to Ghana over a 3 month period. While the overall satisfaction was fairly high, attribute-specific satisfaction was found to be much lower. Overall Satisfaction was also found to have significant statistical associations with certain socio-demographic variables as well as repeat intentions. More importantly, it was observed that their intrinsic qualities notwithstanding, Ghanaian attractions generally lack the other elements of the ‘servicescape’, i.e. supporting facilities that make the attraction experience satisfying. The implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for enhancing satisfaction at the attractions are proffered.
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Herdiana, Herdiana, Sata Yoshida Srie Rahayu und Rita Retnowati. „THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER (panthera tigris sumatrae pocock) IN CONSERVATION INSTITUTIONS FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST (CASE STUDY AT TAMAN SAFARI INDONESIA CISARUA BOGOR AND RAGUNAN WILDLIFE PARK JAKARTA)“. Journal of Science Innovare 5, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 09–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jsi.v5i1.6220.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) as a world health institution declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 and Indonesia officially announced a confirmed case of COVID-19 infection on March 2, 2020. One of the tourist attractions affected by COVID-19 is the Conservation in the Public Interest such as safari parks, zoos and animal parks. This study aims to: analyze the management of the Sumatran Tiger in the Indonesian Safari Park Cisarua Bogor and the Ragunan Wildlife Park during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyze the steps to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of the Sumatran Tiger at the Indonesian Safari Park Cisarua Bogor and the Ragunan Wildlife Park. as well as formulating a strategy for managing the Sumatran Tiger in the face of a disease pandemic at the Taman Safari Indonesia Cisarua Bogor and the Ragunan Wildlife Park. The research method used is descriptive research method. The source of research data comes from primary data sources, namely the management of the Indonesian Safari Park Conservation Agency Cisarua Bogor and Ragunan Wildlife Park and secondary data sources obtained from literature studies. The data taken are the management of Sumatran tigers at the Cisarua Bogor Indonesian Safari Park and Ragunan Wildlife Park and the types of use of the Sumatran tiger in the Cisarua Bogor Indonesian Safari Park and Ragunan Wildlife Park. Field observations were carried out to photograph and directly collect data on the condition of the Indonesian Safari Park Conservation Institute, Cisarua Bogor and Ragunan Wildlife Park, as well as the management of the Sumatran Tiger which includes aspects of management, manpower handling animals, and utilization and documentation studies. Processing of data from observations, interviews and documentation studies using descriptive qualitative analysis, and SWOT analysis. Based on the results of the study, that the operational management of the Sumatran Tiger at Taman Safari Indonesia Cisarua Bogor and the Ragunan Wildlife Park runs in accordance with the rules of animal management applied at the General Conservation Institute even though the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the income generated from visitor entrance tickets, especially for the park. Safari Indonesia Cisarua Bogor. The implication of this research is to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operational management and protection of Sumatran tigers in the General Conservation Institute, the government together with the Indonesian Zoo Association and the managers of the General Conservation Institute need to immediately draw up an emergency plan for animal management, especially the Sumatran tiger, while maintaining based on aspects of animal welfare and compiling Standard Operating Procedures to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
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Wood, Joanne M. „Vision Impairment and On-Road Driving“. Annual Review of Vision Science 8, Nr. 1 (15.09.2022): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-085030.
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Good vision is important for safe driving. The impact of vision impairment associated with common eye diseases on driving performance, and the association between vision measures and driving performance, are discussed. Studies include those where participants drove a real vehicle on a closed road or on public roads. Closed-road studies include evaluation of both simulated and true vision impairment and day- and night-time driving. Collectively, the findings provide important insights into the impact of refractive conditions, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and hemianopic field loss on driving; however, study results show varying impacts on driving performance and are often limited by small sample sizes. Vision measures including motion sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view have stronger associations with driving performance than do visual acuity or visual fields, with studies suggesting that some drivers with field loss can compensate for their field defects through increased eye and head movements.
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Bai, Ru, Di Zhang, Qiuling Zhang, Yu Sun, Nansheng Luo, Mengyao Li, Hui Wu und Li Liu. „Mediating role of emotional labour strategy in the association between patient/visitor incivility and nurses’ fatigue: a cross-sectional study“. BMJ Open 12, Nr. 11 (November 2022): e059146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059146.
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ObjectiveFatigue is a common problem among nurses, and patient/visitor incivility is thought to lead to nurses’ fatigue. However, the mechanism by which patient/visitor incivility leads to nurses’ fatigue has not been well studied. The aim of this study is to examine whether the association between patient/visitor incivility and fatigue among Chinese nurses is mediated by emotional labour strategy.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsIn November 2019, a stratified cluster sample of 1207 nurses from two hospitals in China was used to collect data on fatigue, patient/visitor incivility and emotional labour strategy through online questionnaires. Emotional labour strategy has three dimensions: surface acting (SA), deep acting and natural acting. Complete responses were provided by 1036 (85.8%) participants. Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and the PROCESS procedure (A modeling macro installed in SPSS to analyse mediation.) were adopted to analyse the data.ResultsPatient/visitor incivility and SA were positively related to fatigue (p<0.01), while natural acting was negatively related to fatigue (p<0.01). SA played as a mediator in the association between patient/visitor incivility and nurses’ fatigue (95% CI 0.047 to 0.113, p<0.05).ConclusionPatient/visitor incivility could contribute to Chinese nurses' fatigue. When nurses were exposed to patient/visitor incivility, they were more likely to use the SA emotional labour strategy, which would lead to fatigue. Nursing administrators should be aware of the seriousness of nurses’ fatigue.
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Ahmad, Che Bon, Rabiatul Adawiyah Nasir, Annur Soleha Ahmad und Jamalunlaili Abdullah. „Visitors’ Perception towards Putrajaya Wetland, Malaysia“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, Nr. 3 (03.08.2016): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i3.365.
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Putrajaya Wetland (PW) is representing the dream of urban living, within its harmonies and refreshing environment; a place for urban people to unwind. However, starting in 2014, the number of visitors started decreasing. Thus, this research is to find out whether or not the attraction attributes, services and facilities provided contribute to the problem. Interviews with the PW management and questionnaire survey to visitors were carried out. The findings show that the attraction attributes, services and facilities at PW are up to date. Hence, it is suggested that there may be other factors causes the decreasing number of visitors to PW.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Visitors’ perception;; Putrajaya Wetlands; Malaysia
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Sivalioglu, Pinar, und Lale Berkoz. „National Parks: The determinants of visitors satisfaction in Turkey“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, Nr. 9 (30.06.2018): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.301.
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Environmental and natural preservation have become a common problem for all the societies of this century. User satisfaction is a concept that lies at the heart of various sectors and work areas today. Place attachment is another concept that has been covered in many research studies conducted until today. Place attachment closely related with satisfaction and includes symbolic and emotional expressions. This paper has been prepared for the purpose of measuring place related satisfaction and attachment of the national park visitors
Keywords: Place attachment; Satisfaction; National park.
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Ornai, Alon, und Tamar Keasar. „Floral Complexity Traits as Predictors of Plant-Bee Interactions in a Mediterranean Pollination Web“. Plants 9, Nr. 11 (24.10.2020): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111432.
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Despite intensive research, predicting pairwise species associations in pollination networks remains a challenge. The morphological fit between flowers and pollinators acts as a filter that allows only some species within the network to interact. Previous studies emphasized the depth of floral tubes as a key shape trait that explains the composition of their animal visitors. Yet, additional shape-related parameters, related to the handling difficulty of flowers, may be important as well. We analyzed a dataset of 2288 visits by six bee genera to 53 flowering species in a Mediterranean plant community. We characterized the plant species by five discrete shape parameters, which potentially affect their accessibility to insects: floral shape class, tube depth, symmetry, corolla segmentation and type of reproductive unit. We then trained a random forest machine-learning model to predict visitor identities, based on the shape traits. The model’s predictor variables also included the Julian date on which each bee visit was observed and the year of observation, as proxies for within- and between-season variation in flower and bee abundance. The model attained a classification accuracy of 0.86 (AUC = 0.96). Using only shape parameters as predictors reduced its classification accuracy to 0.76 (AUC = 0.86), while using only the date and year variables resulted in a prediction accuracy of 0.69 (AUC = 0.80). Among the shape-related variables considered, flower shape class was the most important predictor of visitor identity in a logistic regression model. Our study demonstrates the power of machine-learning algorithms for understanding pollination interactions in a species-rich plant community, based on multiple features of flower morphology.
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Bintoro, Briandanu, Ira Marti Ayu, Cri Sajjana Prajna Wekadigunawan und Deasy Febriyanty. „Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Merokok Pengunjung di Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) di Rumah Sakit X“. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat : Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, Nr. 2 (01.07.2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52022/jikm.v14i2.327.
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Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Konsumsi rokok masih menjadi masalah baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan peringkat tertinggi di ASEAN. Salah satu perlindungan terhadap ancaman bahaya rokok yaitu dengan diterapkannya Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) termasuk di fasilitas kesehatan. Studi pendahuluan menemukan bahwa pengunjung yang merokok sebanyak 43,3% di Rumah Sakit (RS) X, padahal RS X sudah menerapkan KTR. Selain itu, setiap harinya ditemukan banyak puntung rokok yang berserakan di jalan dan terlihat juga perokok di area parkiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku merokok pengunjung di KTR di Rumah Sakit X Tahun 2021.
Metode: Studi cross-sectional pada sebagian pengujung RS X sebanyak 67 orang dilakukan bulan November 2020-Maret 2021. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu perilaku merokok (variable dependen) dan pengetahuan, sikap, peran satgas anti rokok (variabel independen). Data dikumpulkan dengan data primer menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi Square.
Hasil: Uji Chi Square menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (PR=1,11; 95%CI=0,63-1,30), sikap (PR=1,05; 95%CI=0,79-1,39) dan peran satgas anti rokok (PR=1,03; 95%CI=0,78-1,36) dengan perilaku merokok di KTR.
Kesimpulan: Dengan banyak yang melakukan perilaku merokok di KTR, maka diharapkan rumah sakit dapat mengedukasi kepada pengunjung untuk tidak merokok di KTR dan Rumah sakit melakukan program konseling berhenti merokok kepada orang yang ditemukan merokok di KTR. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan pengawasan oleh satgas anti rokok secara rutin dan berkelanjutan setiap hari.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Peran satuan tugas anti rokok, Perilaku merokok, Sikap
Abstract
Background: Cigarette consumption is still a problem in globally and in Indonesia. Indonesia was the most significant number of smokers in ASEAN. Implementing a Non-Smoking Area (NSA), such as in the hospital area, is one of the protections against the threat of cigarettes. Preliminary studies found that 43,3% of people smoked in Hospital X, even though Hospital X has implemented NSA. In addition, there are many cigarette butts strewn on the street every day, and there are people who smoke in the hospital's parking area. The study objective is to determine factors associated with the visitor's smoking behavior in the NSA at X Hospital year 2021.
Methos: A cross-sectional was performed 67 hospital X visitor in November 2020-March 2021. The smoking behavior is as dependent variable and and knowledge, attitudes, also roles of the non-smoking task force officer are as independent variable. Data used primary data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with chi square test.
Result: Bivariate results show that there are no association between knowledge (PR=1.11; 95%CI=0.63-1.30), attitude (PR=1.05; 95%CI=0.79-1.39), and role of non-smoking task force (PR=1.03; 95%CI=0.78-1.36) with smoking behaviour in NSA.
Conclusion: It is expected that hospitals can educate visitors to behave such as do not smoke in NSA and Hospital X have smoking cessation counseling programs for people who found to smoke in NSA well. Moreover, it is necessary to supervise the non-smoking task force regularly and continuously every day.
Keywords: Attitude, Knowledge, Role of non-smoking task force officer, Smoking behaviour
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Othman, Noriah, Mohd Hisham Ariffin, Noralizawati Mohamed und Mohd Ali Waliyuddin A. Razak. „Visitors’ Preferences for Malaysian Botanical Gardens’ Landscapes“. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, Nr. 12 (18.07.2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.122.
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Botanical gardens are bio-diverse flora-based natural attractions. Visitors to two prominent Malaysian botanical gardens were surveyed about their preferences for human oriented gardens’ landscape designs.There were significant differences in the preferences for garden landscapes with poorly maintained man-made structures and jungle-like garden landscapes(National Botanical Gardens), and the Japanese garden landscape (Penang Botanical Gardens) among Malays, Chinese and Indians (p<0.10). There were significant differences in preferences between males and females (p<0.10) for garden landscapes with man-made structures(National Botanical Gardens) and landscapes having open spaces (Penang Botanical Gardens).Keywords: Landscape, Human Oriented, Botanical Gardens, PreferenceseISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Mustikawati, Triandriani, Yandi Andri Yatmo und Paramita Atmodiwirjo. „Reading the Visual Environment: Wayfinding in healthcare facilities“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, Nr. 5 (19.03.2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i5.670.
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This paper reports an on-going project that studies how visitors search and use information from the visual environment to guide wayfinding within a healthcare facility. The execution of wayfinding task by ten participants as simulated visitors of a General Hospital in Malang, Indonesia were recorded by video camera and voice recorder. This study revealed that during wayfinding, visitors would focus on the visual environment. Visitors would search, select and use information for wayfinding by reading the environment. These results imply that the arrangement of visual environment is crucial to support wayfinding.Keywords: wayfinding; healthcare facility;visual environment; visual reading. ISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Cowan, Michael. „Boundary as Center: Inventing an American Studies Culture“. Prospects 12 (Oktober 1987): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005512.
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When the American Studies Association chose “Boundaries of American Culture” as the theme and San Diego as the site of its 1985 biennial convention, it made a particularly appropriate match between theme and site. Seen from my hotel balcony in a hazy autumnal glow, San Diego appeared a boundary city in at least three senses of relevance to the Association's work. First, lying at the border of the United States and Mexico, it hinted at the rich possibilities available to an American Studies willing to reach imaginatively beyond national boundaries, both north and south, toward a genuinely pan-American studies. Second, as a three-block walk to the beach from the convention hotel amply confirmed, San Diego borders what several commentators have called “the Mediterranean of the future”–a major arena of the globe too long and too much neglected by most Americans and Americanists. It was stimulating to welcome to the convention distinguished visitors from a dozen Asian and South Pacific countries, and more than a few speakers expressed the hope that such interaction would significantly further the comparativist and internationalist perspectives that they believed increasingly incumbent upon a nonparochial American Studies. Certainly the heartening presence in San Diego of both long-time and new colleagues from Europe, Canada, Latin America, Asia, and the South Pacific reflected a slowly but steadily growing impulse in the Association, a concrete dramatization of the premise that ideas and values, not to mention trade and power, do not stop at a nation's borders, although they may be often slowed down or even transformed at those borders.
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Gargoum, Amna, und Ali S. Gargoum. „Exploring Visitor Perceptions towards Urban Park Design and Levels of Enclosure: A Case Study from the UAE“. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 20, Nr. 4 (23.11.2021): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341603.
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Abstract As cities transition towards urbanization and sustainability, designing attractive green spaces and urban parks is an important issue to planners and urban designers. One factor believed to have some impact on a park’s attractiveness is level of enclosure. Despite the importance of such a factor in identifying types of park visitors and frequency of visits, a limited amount of research has attempted to statistically model impacts of level enclosure on a park’s attractiveness. To address this gap, this article explores impacts of multiple physical characteristics, including levels of enclosure, on park attractiveness and user behavior. Activities in two parks in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied using field observations, photography, interviews, and statistical analysis. Field observations were utilized to model people’s attitude while using parks. Logistic regression was employed to the field observations to investigate associations between different factors and park attractiveness. Results indicated levels of enclosure had a direct influence on park users. Gender, age, and ethnicity were also found statistically significant determinates of park visitor attitudes and park choice. Traces of territorial behaviors and social conflicts were also observed.
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Silverman, Lois H. „Personalizing the Past: A Review of Literature with Implications for Historical Interpretation“. Journal of Interpretation Research 2, Nr. 1 (April 1997): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258729700200101.
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The recent perspective known as meaning-making has advanced the belief that understanding interpretive site visitors’ frameworks and past experiences is critical to successful interpretation. How, then, do visitors make meaning of heritage site experiences and of the past in general? This review examines and synthesizes recent studies and considers their contribution to the theory and practice of historical interpretation. In sum, research suggests three major realms of experience from which visitors draw schemata that inform meaning–making at heritage sites: (a) associations with and knowledge of history, (b) experiences and behavior regarding the past in everyday life, and (c) expectations of and behavior at heritage sites. Using this literature as groundwork, three strategies for empirically driven historical interpretation are presented: (a) addressing the nature of history and visitors’ associations, (b) incorporating everyday life behaviors, and (c) interpreting for the social nature of the heritage site visit.
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Kamri, Thalany, und Alias Radam. „Motivation of Visiting Bako National Park“. Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, Nr. 9 (06.01.2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i9.83.
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This study was to analyse the visitors’ motives of visiting Bako National Park. A total of 564 visitors were interviewed. Varimax rotation method in factor analysis was employed to gain information from visitors on their behaviour reflecting their motives for ecotourism activities in the national park. The results showed that visitors visit a national park for four factors: challenge excursion, social trip, nature tour and getaway outing. This result may help the management authority to reposition national park attributes without neglecting the objectives of the national park existence.Keywords: national park; motivation; protection area; ecotourismeISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Dorchin, Achik, Anat Shafir, Frank H. Neumann, Dafna Langgut, Nicolas J. Vereecken und Itay Mayrose. „Bee flowers drive macroevolutionary diversification in long-horned bees“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, Nr. 1959 (22.09.2021): 20210533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0533.
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The role of plant–pollinator interactions in the rapid radiation of the angiosperms have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. Studies have brought evidence for pollinator-driven diversification of various plant lineages, particularly plants with specialized flowers and concealed rewards. By contrast, little is known about how this crucial interaction has shaped macroevolutionary patterns of floral visitors. In particular, there is currently no empirical evidence that floral host association has increased diversification in bees, the most prominent group of floral visitors that essentially rely on angiosperm pollen. In this study, we examine how floral host preference influenced diversification in eucerine bees (Apidae, Eucerini), which exhibit large variations in their floral associations. We combine quantitative pollen analyses with a recently proposed phylogenetic hypothesis, and use a state speciation and extinction probabilistic approach. Using this framework, we provide the first evidence that multiple evolutionary transitions from host plants with accessible pollen to restricted pollen from ‘bee-flowers’ have significantly increased the diversification of a bee clade. We suggest that exploiting host plants with restricted pollen has allowed the exploitation of a new ecological niche for eucerine bees and contributed both to their colonization of vast regions of the world and their rapid diversification.
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Jukarnaedin, Jukarnaedin, und Mukhlis Mukhlis. „ANALISIS PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN JUMLAH PENGUNJUNG PANTAI LAWATA KOTA BIMA“. Jurnal Bina Bangsa Ekonomika 15, Nr. 1 (22.02.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/jbbe.v15i1.98.
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This study aims to find out and analyze the influence of promotion and facilitation on the increase in the number of visitors to Lawata Bima City. This type of research is associative research using quantitative data and primary data sources. The research instruments used in the study were questionnaires on a likert scale. The population in this study is all visitors to Lawata Beach Bima City whose numbers are not known with certainty. The sample technique used in this study is an accidental sampling technique that is an individual who happens to be found or that can be found at the research site alone studied, therefore sampling is as many as 96 respondents using the formula slovin. Data collection techniques used are observation tests, questionnaires / questionnaires and library studies. The data analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, multiple correlation coefficient, determination test, t test and f test. The results showed that promotions and facilities had a partial and simultaneous significant effect on the number of visitors to Bima City Lawata Beach with a strong level of association
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Wan Mohamad Ariffin, Wan Nur Syazana, und Goh Hong Ching. „The Effectiveness of Environmental Interpretation in Influencing Visitors’ Knowledge in Kinabalu Park“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 4, Nr. 14 (31.12.2019): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i14.355.
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Protected areas are established for the conservation of unique and pristine environment. Although protected, they are subjected to possible environmental and social impacts due to increasing tourism activities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinabalu Park's environmental interpretation in mitigating these impacts through the assessment of visitors’ knowledge. Visitors' knowledge was compared between those who were exposed (post-visit) and not exposed to the interpretive programs (pre-visit). Overall, environmental interpretation in Kinabalu Park contributed to the visitors' knowledge related to general facts as post-visit samples indicated higher level of knowledge. However, there were no differences in their knowledge related to scientific aspect.
Keywords: environmental interpretation; knowledge; protected areas; repeat visitors
eISSN 2514-751X © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER, ABRA & cE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i14.355
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Ujang, Norsidah, Amine Moulay und Juriah Zakaria. „Place Attachment and Future Regeration of Tourist Attraction Areas in Kuala Lumpur City Centre“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 4, Nr. 14 (16.11.2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i14.354.
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This paper discusses visitors' attachment to historic tourism places in Kuala Lumpur city in the context of urban regeneration. The study found that despite having a short duration of visits, the visitors' functional and emotional attachment to attractions was fairly strong. Future place regeneration has been linked to the physical improvement and preservation of historic places. The visitors have identified strongly with the cultural image and the need to experience the places with comfort. Sustainable urban regeneration requires an understanding of place attachment reflected in the relationship between people and the destinations that goes beyond the attractive image of tourism places.
Keywords: urban regeneration; urban tourism; place attachment
eISSN 2514-751X © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER, ABRA & cE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i14.354
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Ujang, Norsidah, Amine Moulay und Juriah Zakaria. „Visitors’ Attachment to Historic Tourism Places in Kuala Lumpur City Centre towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 3, Nr. 9 (02.12.2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1521.
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This paper discusses visitors' attachment to historic tourism places in the city of Kuala Lumpur in the context of urban regeneration. The study found that despite having a short duration of visits, the visitors' functional and emotional attachment to attractions was fairly strong. Future regeneration of the places has been linked to improvement of the physical setting and preservation of historic places. The visitors identified strongly with the cultural image and the need to experience the places with comfort. Sustainable urban regeneration within the tourism context demands a good understanding of place attachment reflected in the relationship between people and the destinations that go beyond the attractive image of tourism places.Keywords: urban regeneration; urban tourism; place attachmenteISSN: 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1521
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Kariminia, Shahab, und Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad. „Dependence of Visitors’ Thermal Sensations on Built Environments at an Urban Square“. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, Nr. 10 (13.03.2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i10.79.
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The built environment affects thermal conditions in an urban space, thereby affecting the visitors’ thermal comfort. The objective of the study is to determine the effects of landscape attributes on microclimatic conditions and public thermal perceptions at an urban square in temperate and dry region. Simultaneous measurement and questionnaire surveys were conducted in winter and summer in Isfahan, Iran. Thermal stress was found to be higher in summer than in winter. Evaporative cooling by water and providing more air velocities were two useful ameliorating strategies. The visitors were most sensitive to changes of air temperature (Ta) rather than other parameters.Keywords: Thermal comfort; built environment; urban square; microclimates eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Romeiro, Luiza de Araújo, Edilson Freitas da Silva, Liziane Vilela Vasconcelos, Karen da Silva Lopes, Léa Maria Medeiros Carreira und José Tasso Felix Guimarães. „Pollen Morphology of Convolvulaceae from Southeastern Amazonian Cangas and Its Relevance for Interaction Networks and Paleoenvironmental Studies“. Plants 12, Nr. 12 (09.06.2023): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12122256.
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Serra dos Carajás harbors a unique open plant community in Amazonia, known as canga vegetation, with several endemic species coexisting with the potential threat of large-scale iron ore mining. In this sense, Convolvulaceae occur in a wide variety of canga geoenvironments with multiple flower visitors, but the scarcity of data on its pollen morphology prevents the correct association between Convolvulaceae species with floral visitors, as well as the precise identification of their habitats throughout the Quaternary. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the taxonomic knowledge and refinement of the identification of insect-plant networks of endangered plants, including Ipomoea cavalcantei. Pollen grains were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy (LM and SEM, respectively), and the morphological parameters obtained were statistically analyzed using principal component analysis. Therefore, all species were differentiated based on aperture types and exine ornamentation. The set of morphological characters indicated that echinae morphology, easily identified under LM, was effective for the identification of Ipomoea species. This work represents the first robust pollen database for a precise identification at the species level of Convolvulaceae from southeastern Amazonian cangas.
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Finch, Katherine, Fiona Sach, Malcolm Fitzpatrick und Lewis J. Rowden. „Insights into Activity of Zoo Housed Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) during Periods of Limited Staff and Visitor Presence, a Focus on Resting Behaviour“. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, Nr. 1 (16.03.2021): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2010008.
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Historically, behaviour of zoo housed species during hours of limited staff and visitor presence has been poorly studied, largely due to the lack of appropriate technology. Advances in digital monitoring equipment and facility design by European elephant holders has given researchers scope to accurately evaluate behaviour for this species over 24 hrs. Various behavioural indicators of welfare have now been identified for zoo housed elephants; however the relationship between resting behaviour and welfare experience has been an area highlighted to require additional research. Lying rest is a potential positive welfare indicator for this species, with studies suggesting that engagement in lying rest can be used to monitor both psychological and physiological wellbeing. Throughout this work we aim to give insights into the behaviour of individual Asian elephants at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo, specifically between the hours of 16:00 and 10:00. In addition to presenting the activity budgets of our study individuals during these times, we explore individual engagement in resting behaviour. Furthermore, we evaluate the social associations of our study group during rest. We provide evidence that unrelated individuals can form strong associations with conspecifics when resting and show that life history is a factor to consider when evaluating social compatibility between group members. Finally, we demonstrate the positive role that calves and juvenile individuals can play in facilitating meaningful associations between group members during rest. Our study highlights the importance of evaluating behaviour during understudied time periods in order to obtain a holistic view of individual welfare, further emphasising the importance of adopting an evidence-based approach to management for this species in zoos.
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Ginting, Nurlisa, Nurinayat Vinky Rahman, Achmad Delianur Nasution und Julaihi Wahid. „Particular Characters in Heritage Tourism to Attract Visitors: A comparative study in Sumatra, Indonesia“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, Nr. 18 (31.12.2021): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.2995.
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Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has great heritage tourism potential. The existence of attractive cultural buildings and traditional transportation is the particular character of heritage tourism. Heritage tourism significant benefits the economy and quality of life by showing the particular character of local people and culture. This study was conducted to compare particular characters with similar heritage tourism in Sumatra using a concurrent mixed-method. This study indicates monumental historical buildings and traditional transportation with particular characters significantly attract tourists and influence their intention to visit and revisit. Keywords: Heritage tourism; particular character; distinctiveness; attract visitors eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.2995