Thematische Bibliographien / Vision prevention

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Vision prevention“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 16. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Vision prevention"

Albini, A., N. Ferrari, F. Tosetti, G. Fassina, S. Garbisa, R. Benelli, U. Pfeffer und D. M. Noonan. „Angiogenesis & cancer prevention: A vision“. European Journal of Cancer Supplements 4, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(06)80506-9.

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KIMURA, MINORU. „Laser Vision Sensor for Disaster-Prevention Robot.“ Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 9, Nr. 5 (1991): 663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.9.663.

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Kimura, Minoru, Osamu Yamada, Hidemi Takahashi und Hiroshi Naitoh. „Laser Vision Sensor for Disaster-Prevention Robot“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 1, Nr. 4 (20.12.1989): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1989.p0274.

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Colenbrander, August. „Preservation of vision or prevention of blindness?“ American Journal of Ophthalmology 133, Nr. 2 (Februar 2002): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01314-9.

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Sminkey, M. L. A. „Finding a common vision for injury prevention“. Injury Prevention 12, Nr. 3 (01.06.2006): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2006.011866.

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Tinetti, Mary E. „Where Is the Vision for Fall Prevention?“ Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49, Nr. 5 (Mai 2001): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49132.x.

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Iradukunda, Klarisse, und Yuliya Averyanova. „CFIT PREVENTION WITH COMBINED ENHANCED FLIGHT VISION SYSTEM AND SYNTHETIC VISION SYSTEM“. Proceedings of the National Aviation University 87, Nr. 2 (15.05.2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.87.15577.

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This paper aims to combine two vision systems as a new technology to suggest the improvement in the continuing problem of Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) accidents. A combined enhanced flight vision system and synthetic vision system seems to hold the solution, while it unhesitatingly accommodated to the commercial and General aviation instrument environment if pilots are getting minimal instrument training. This research shows the benefit of combined enhanced flight vision and synthetic vision systems based on analysis of the accident that occurred in 2013 on approach at Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport. It is shown that the use of a combined system, could have prevented this accident. The head-up display is taken to facilitate this technology to the pilot to be able to see and read accurately using sky lenses.

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Blaylock, Sarah E., und Laura K. Vogtle. „Falls prevention interventions for older adults with low vision: A scoping review“. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 84, Nr. 3 (Juni 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417417711460.

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Background. Older adults with low vision are especially vulnerable to falls. There are no comprehensive reviews of fall prevention interventions for older adults with vision loss who live in the community. Purpose. The aim of this study was to review the evidence regarding community-based falls prevention interventions that appear inclusive of and/or accessible to individuals with low vision. Method. A scoping review was completed using the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley, and the charted data were analyzed using sums and percentages and qualitative content analysis. Findings. Seventeen publications were selected for this review. The analysis allowed for a thorough description of the types of falls prevention interventions (multiple components, home safety/modification, tai chi, the Alexander Technique, improvement of vision through vision assessment and referral, vision/agility training, and yoga), how each intervention addresses vision impairment, and the relation of results to falls risk. Implications. Falls prevention research targeting individuals with visual impairment is limited, and the intervention approaches available may not be effective for older adults with permanent vision loss.

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Manchanda, RajK. „Vision for the prevention of infections using Homoeopathy“. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy 10, Nr. 4 (2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7168.194291.

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Tribley, J., S. McClain, A. Karbasi und J. Kaldenberg. „Tips for computer vision syndrome relief and prevention“. Work 39, Nr. 1 (2011): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2011-1183.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Vision prevention"

Carlsson, Noomi. „A Zero-vision for Children’s Tobacco Smoke Exposure : Tobacco prevention in Child Health Care“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pediatrik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79331.

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Adverse health effects in children caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well known. Children are primarily exposed by their parents’ smoking in their homes. A comprehensive evidence base shows that parental smoking during pregnancy and ETS exposure in early childhood are associated with an increased risk for a range of adverse health problems. Child Health Care nurses, who meet nearly all families in Sweden with children aged 0-6 years, have thus an important role in tobacco preventive work in order to support parents in their ambitions to protect their children from ETS exposure. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop, test and evaluate a new model for tobacco preventive work in Child Health Care (CHC) with special focus on areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking. In a first step CHC nurses’ and parents’ views on tobacco preventive work were analysed in two studies based on questionnaires. The intervention was performed during the second step, based on the results from nurses’ and parents’ experience of the tobacco preventive work in CHC, and with methods from Quality Improvement. An “intervention bundle” was developed which included evidence based methods for prevention of ETS exposure, and four learning sessions for the nurses. The instrument “Smoking in Children’s Environment Test” (SiCET) included in the bundle was evaluated with focus group interviews with the CHC nurses who participated in the intervention. Two urine samples were analysed to measure cotinine levels in children which provide an estimate for ETS exposure. Parents’ answers from the SiCET questionnaire, measurements of cotinine, and data from the nurses’ log-books were used in the evaluation of the effects of the intervention. In areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking 22 nurses recruited 86 families of whom 72 took part for the entire one-year period of the intervention. The results showed that parents wanted to have information on the harmful effects tobacco smoke have on their children and how they can protect their children from ETS exposure. The nurses saw tobacco preventive work as important but they experienced difficulties to reach certain groups such as fathers, foreign-born parents, and those who are socio-economically disadvantaged. The SiCET instrument provided a basis for dialogue with parents. The main results from the intervention showed that ten parents (11%) quit smoking, thirty-two families (44%) decreased their cigarette consumption in the home, and fewer children were exposed to tobacco smoke. Consequently, more children showed levels of urinary cotinine less than 6 ng/ml (base-line n=43, follow up n=54; p=0.05). The total number of outdoor smokers did not change. Seven of the nurses (30%) had successful results in their areas with a decrease of smokers in families with a child of 8 months, from 20% in 2009 to 12% in 2011. The corresponding figures for the whole county as well as the country did not decrease during the same period. The sustainability of the intervention has to be followed and thus measures should be followed prospectively over time. The SiCET instrument was found useful and might be applicable in other arenas where children’s ETS exposure is discussed. The development of an instant cotinine test using dipsticks would make it possible to give parents immediate feedback on the effectiveness of taken protective actions. This could work as a pedagogic resource in the dialogue with parents.

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Orr, Neil John. „Patterns of care for diabetes: risk factors for vision-threatening retinopathy“. University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1421.

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Master of Public Health
OBJECTIVES: In Australia, diabetes causes significant morbidity and mortality. Whilst the need to prevent diabetes and its complications has been widely recognised, the capacity of health care systems - which organise diabetes care - to facilitate prevention has not been fully established. METHODS: A series of seven population-based case-control studies were used to examine the effectiveness of the Australian health care system and its capacity to manage diabetes. Six of the studies compared the patterns of care of patients who had developed advanced diabetes complications in 2000 (cases), to similar patients who remained free of the condition (controls) across Australia and for various risk groups. A secondary study investigated the role of treating GPs in the development of the outcome. RESULTS: A strong relationship between the patterns of care and the development of advanced diabetes complications was found and is described in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, this same relationship was investigated for each Australian state and territory, and similar findings were made. The study in Chapter 6 investigated whether late diagnosis or the patterns of care was the stronger risk factor for advanced diabetes complications, finding that the greatest risk was associated with the latter. In Chapter 7 the influence of medical care during the pre-diagnosis period was explored, and a strong relationship between care obtained in this period and the development of advanced complications was found. In Chapter 8, which investigated the role of socio-economic status in the development of advanced complications, found that the risk of advanced diabetes complications was higher in low socio-economic groups. Chapter 9 investigated geographic isolation and the development of advanced diabetes complications and found that the risk of advanced complications was higher in geographically isolated populations. Finally, Chapter 10, which utilised a provider database, found that some GP characteristics were associated with the development of advanced diabetes complications in patients. CONCLUSION: A number of major risk factors for the development of advanced complications in Australia was found. These related to poorer diabetes management, later diagnosis, low socioeconomic status and geographic isolation. Strategies must be devised to promote effective diabetes management and the early diagnosis of diabetes across the Australian population.

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Pack, Robert P., und Nicholas E. Hagemeier. „Prescription Drug Abuse in Appalachia and ETSU’s Process & Vision“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1434.

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gupta, Devansh. „Smart-Scooter Rider Assistance System using Internet of Wearable Things and Computer Vision“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619611136736967.

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Ayed, Ines. „Interactive therapeutic systems for fallprevention using computervision technologies“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671219.

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[spa] . Introducción En los últimos años, las tecnologías basadas en la visión han ganado mucho interés entre los investigadores y los profesionales de la salud. Por ejemplo, el uso de dispositivos interactivos y de bajo coste como Microsoft Kinect se ha hecho cada vez más popular en contextos de rehabilitación y terapia física. Gran parte de este interés se ha dirigido a la población de edad avanzada, ya que son más propensos a perder el equilibrio y caer, lo que a su vez provoca grandes costes sociales y de salud. Sin embargo, el uso de estas tecnologías sin una validación previa puede no considerarse seguro y efectivo para estas personas, ya que la mayoría de las aplicaciones disponibles en el mercado no están diseñadas ellas. Por lo tanto, esta tesis pretende proponer y validar sistemas interactivos que usan tecnologías basadas en la visión para mejorar el equilibrio y prevenir caídas entre las personas mayores. . Contenido de la investigación Al principio, realizamos una extensa revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre juegos serios y sistemas de realidad virtual basados en la visión y utilizados para la rehabilitación motora. La búsqueda se basa en las pautas de Kitchenham y responde a preguntas de investigación bien definidas para cubrir adecuadamente las características principales de este campo. Como resultado, proporcionamos las principales cifras, tendencias, tecnologías y participantes, entre otros detalles que los investigadores han abordado. Adicionalmente, proponemos una metodología de investigación para asistir a los ingenieros en el diseño y la presentación de sus estudios clínicos ya que estos aspectos no se han tenido en cuenta en muchos estudios de investigación. A continuación, diseñamos y desarrollamos un conjunto de prototipos de juegos para la rehabilitación del equilibrio. Para lograrlo, seguimos características de diseño específicas que se ocupan del desarrollo de juegos serios para la rehabilitación. Además, colaboramos estrechamente con fisioterapeutas a lo largo de nuestro proceso de trabajo con respecto a la naturaleza multidisciplinaria de este campo. Para evaluar objetivamente la viabilidad y la eficacia de nuestros juegos, realizamos un estudio de un caso en el que dos mujeres mayores se someten a un programa de intervención de 5 semanas en una casa de ancianos en Túnez. Los resultados son prometedores, lo que sugiere que la rehabilitación basada en juegos serios puede ser útil para mejorar el equilibrio en personas mayores y puede incorporarse a un programa de prevención de caídas. Finalmente, desarrollamos un sistema para medir la prueba de alcance funcional (FRT); una de las herramientas clínicas más utilizadas para evaluar el equilibrio en adultos mayores. De hecho, se recomienda evaluar las capacidades del usuario o medir los resultados de una terapia utilizando pruebas clínicas confiables para seleccionar o adaptar adecuadamente una terapia. Para ello, realizamos dos experimentos para validar el uso del dispositivo Microsoft Kinect para medir el FRT. Comparamos las medidas de FRT calculadas por nuestro sistema utilizando Kinect con las obtenidas por el método estándar, es decir, manualmente. Los resultados preliminares sugieren que Microsoft Kinect es confiable y adecuado para calcular esta prueba de equilibrio. . Conclusión En conclusión, los resultados de esta tesis sugieren que las tecnologías de visión por computador se pueden utilizar en la prevención de caídas y la mejora del equilibrio de las personas mayores. Sin embargo, se deben investigar sus efectos a largo plazo para garantizar un despliegue seguro y efectivo de estas tecnologías. Finalmente, vale la pena señalar que el sensor Kinect ha sido descontinuado, pero la tecnología en sí todavía existe en otros productos comerciales. Los algoritmos y aplicaciones desarrollados con Kinect siguen siendo efectivos y válidos, ya que los nuevos dispositivos siguen apareciendo en el mercado y reemplazando a los antiguos.
[eng] . Introduction In late years, vision-based technologies gained much interest among researchers and health- care practitioners. For instance, the use of low cost and interactive devices such as Microsoft Kinect became increasingly popular in rehabilitation and physical therapy contexts. Much of this interest has been directed toward elderly population since they are more prone to loss of balance and falls that induce in its turn substantial social and healthcare costs. However, the use of these technologies without previous validation may not be considered safe and effective for this particular category since most of the applications in the market are not primarily designed for them. Therefore, this thesis aims to propose and validate interactive systems based on vision- based technologies for improving balance and preventing falls among elderly people. . Research content At the beginning, we conduct an extensive systematic literature review about vision-based serious games and virtual reality systems used for motor rehabilitation. The search is based on Kitchenham guidelines and answers defined research questions in an effort to properly cover the main features of this field. As a result, we provide the main figures, trends, technologies, and target groups, among other details addressed by researchers. Additionally, we propose a research methodology to assist engineers in the design and report of their clinical studies since these aspects were disregarded in many research studies. Next, we design and develop a set of prototype games for balance rehabilitation. To achieve that, we follow specific framework and design features that deal with the development of serious games for rehabilitation. Moreover, we closely collaborate with physiotherapists along our work process regarding the multidisciplinary nature of this field. To objectively evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our games, we conduct a case study where two older women undergo a 5-week intervention program in a Tunisian elderly house. Results are promising suggesting that game-based rehabilitation can be useful for improving balance in elderly people and can be incorporated in a fall prevention program. At the end, we develop a system for measuring the Functional Reach Test (FRT); one of the most used clinical tools to assess the balance of older adults. In fact, it is recommended to assess the capabilities of the user or measure the outcomes of a therapy using reliable clinical tests to properly select or adapt a therapy. For that purpose, we conduct two experiments to validate the use of Microsoft Kinect for measuring the FRT. We compare the FRT measures computed by our system using Kinect with those obtained by the standard method i.e. manually. Findings suggest that Microsoft Kinect is reliable and adequate to calculate this balance test.

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Shirazi, Nejad Yegane, und Jessica Nilsson. „Kontaktfamiljsinsatsen : Unga vuxnas upplevelser av insatsen kontaktfamilj som barn“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77596.

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The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse a group of young adults’ childhood experiences of the intervention "contact family". The used methods were qualitative interviews and a standardised formulary with life questions, to strengthen the interviews and to compare data. The theoretical frame was taken from Bronfenbrenner’s child development theory and Antonovsky’s salutogenic perspective, which we supplemented with Hilchen Sommerschild’s theory about the "conditions of control". The results showed that all of the interviewed clients were positive to the intervention. They got to do things with their contact families that they did not do at home – the opportunity to an environmental change, the feeling of appreciation and a better every-day life with new perspectives. Some felt that it was negative that their contact families lived on the country side, that the contact family itself had problems of their own, and that it was hard to adapt to the new roles of the family. The conclusion was that the intervention of the contact families mainly was positive and seemed to be significant for the clients.

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Ravanini, Solange Gagheggi 1956. „Triagem do comportamento visual de lactentes nos três primeiros mese de vida = medida de promoção à saúde ocular“. [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310944.

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Orientadores: Maria Francisca Colella dos Santos, Maria de Lurdes Zanolli
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ravanini_SolangeGagheggi_D.pdf: 4014610 bytes, checksum: 77c3a41ed1d7c30c350441a7c524a29b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Objetivos: Analisar o desenvolvimento visual de lactentes, por meio da identificação dos comportamentos visuais mais freqüentes nos três primeiros meses de vida e identificar qual o mês mais favorável para realização da triagem visual. Método: Estudo analítico, seccional, realizado no CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP, com lactentes saudáveis, nos três primeiros meses de vida. O instrumento utilizado foi o Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo modelo loglinear para associações entre o sexo, faixa etária e as respostas dos lactentes em cada prova. Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi de 1073 lactentes (50,1% meninos e 49,9% meninas), sendo no primeiro mês 688 lactentes, no segundo mês 229 e no terceiro mês 156. Verificou-se diferença significante entre a freqüência das respostas dos lactentes e a faixa etária nas provas P3 (sorriso social), P5 (seguimento visual vertical), P7 (exploração visual da mão), P8 (movimentos dos membros ao visualizar objeto) e P9 (estender o braço na direção do objeto visualizado). Na P5 verificou-se freqüência de respostas positivas acima de 95% a partir do segundo mês. Não houve diferença significante nas provas P1-contato de olho, P2- fixação visual, P4- seguimento visual horizontal e P6- observação visual do ambiente. Estas provas apresentaram freqüência superior a 99% já no primeiro mês. A P9 foi significante quando comparada ao sexo. A comparação do sucesso das respostas dos lactentes na aplicação do instrumento de triagem com os meses foi significante entre o primeiro e segundo e entre primeiro e terceiro meses. Conclusão: A triagem do comportamento visual de lactentes deve ser realizada entre o segundo e terceiro meses de vida, pelas provas: P1, P2, P4, P5 e P6, como ação de promoção da saúde ocular e detecção precoce de alterações visuais
Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the visual development of infants, by identifying the most frequent visual behaviors in the first three months and to identify the most favorable month for carrying out visual screening. Method: Sectional analytic study, carried out at CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP, with healthy infants, during their first trimester. The instrument used was the Assessment Method of Infant Visual Behavior. Statistical analysis was carried out using the log-linear model of association between sex, age and infant responses to each test. Results: The study sample was made up of 1073 infants(of which 50,1% were boys and 49,9% girls), with 688 first month infants, 229 second month infants and 156 third month infants. The results showed a significant difference among frequency of infant responses and age for the following tests: T3 (social smile), T5 (vertical visual tracking), T7 (visual exploration of hands), T8 (arm and leg movements when looking at object) and T9 (arm extension towards the object being visualized). For T5, the frequency of positive answers was more than 95% after the second month. There was no significant difference for tests T1 - eye contact, T2 - visual fixation, T4 - horizontal visual tracking and T6 - visual observation of environment. These tests presented frequency higher than 99% already at the first month. T9 was significant when compared to sex. Comparison of the success of newborn infants for the application of the screening instrument monthly was significant between the first and second months and between the first and third months. Conclusion: Screening of visual behavior of infants should be carried out between the second and third months of life using the tests: T1, T2, T4, T5 and T6, as an action for ocular health promotion and early detection of visual alterations
Doutorado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

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Martini, Giovana 1979. „Uso do teste Lea Gratings para avaliação da acuidade visual de resolução de grades em lactentes normais“. [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313679.

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Orientadores: Abimael Aranha Netto, André Moreno Morcillo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: Determinar o desenvolvimento da acuidade visual de grades binocular e monocular, mensuradas com o Lea Gratings, prover uma base idade-dependente por esta técnica em uma coorte de crianças saudáveis e comparar os resultados obtidos por este teste com os obtidos com os Cartões de Acuidade de Teller. Método: Tratou-se de estudo prospectivo e longitudinal, descritivo e analítico, da acuidade visual de resolução de grades de um grupo de lactentes, nos três primeiros meses de vida e no período entre 12 e 24 meses. Considerou-se, como critérios de inclusão, lactentes que foram nascidos a termo e adequados para a idade gestacional, com um mês de idade cronológica e residentes na região metropolitana de Campinas, que apresentaram o Reflexo Vermelho presente ao nascimento. A acuidade visual de resolução de grades foi mensurada por meio do teste Lea Gratings, mês a mês, e, a partir dos 12 meses, também por meio dos Cartões de Acuidade de Teller, quando foram descartadas alterações oftalmológicas nos participantes do estudo. A amostra foi constituída de 133 lactentes e a análise dos resultados foi realizada utilizando-se o Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (SPSS 16.0). Os valores de acuidade (CPD) foram apresentados em distribuição de frequência e para determinação da média e do desvio padrão, os dados foram transformados em escala de uma oitava. Para comparação da acuidade visual entre as idades foi utilizada a análise de variância para medidas repetidas e o de Wilcoxon para comparação das medidas entre os olhos para amostras relacionadas. A correlação entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois testes foi avaliada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Os valores de acuidade visual binocular foram crescentes, sendo obtida no primeiro mês a média de 0,55 cpd (±0,70), de 1,35 cpd (±0,69) no segundo mês e de 3,11 cpd (±0,54) no terceiro mês. A partir dos 12 meses, as médias dos valores de acuidade visual binocular e monocular - foram, respectivamente, de 14,41 cpd (±0,25) e de 12,03 cpd (±0,39) nas crianças com idade entre 12 e 14 meses, de 14,10 cpd (±0,27) e de 10,79 cpd (±0,42) em crianças com idade entre 15 e 18 meses e de 15,50 cpd (±0,13) e de 13,42 cpd (±0,26) em crianças com idade entre 19 e 24 meses. Os resultados da análise de variância demonstraram diferenças significativas nos valores de acuidade visual entre todas as idades. Os coeficientes de Correlação de Spearman entre os testes Lea Gratings e Cartões de Acuidade de Teller foram de 0,53505 e de 0,65175 para, respectivamente, as medidas binocular e monocular. Conclusão: O teste foi capaz de avaliar a evolução da acuidade visual no primeiro trimestre de vida e no período entre 12 a 24 meses, e permitiu o fornecimento de uma base idade-dependente por esta técnica em uma coorte de lactentes saudáveis até o período de 12 meses. A comparação entre os dois testes de acuidade visual de grades demonstrou correlação positiva
Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to determine the development of the binocular and monocular grating acuity with Lea Gratings, to established age-related norms for this method in a health children cohort and comparing the results obtained by this test with those obtained with the Teller Acuity Cards. Methods: This was a prospective and longitudinal study, descriptive and analytic, of infant grating visual acuity in the first three months of life and between the ages 12 and 24 months. The sample was composed of infants that met the following criteria: full-term infants appropriate for gestational age, with a chronological age of one month, residents in the Campinas metropolitan region, born with positive red reflex and whose parents consented to participate in this study. The grating acuity of each infant was measured three times at regular intervals, using Lea Gratings, and after 12 months, also with the Teller Acuity Cards, when a complete ophthalmologic examination was conducted to reject any visual alteration. The final sample was composed of 133 infants and the results were analyzed with the Package for Social Sciences for the Personal Computer (SPSS 16.0). The grating acuity results were stated in frequency tables and converted into a one-octave scale for statistical calculation. Repeated measure analysis of variance was applied to compare the grating acuity results among ages. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the measures between the eyes in related samples and the Spearman Correlation was applied to evaluate the results obtained with the two tests. Results: The binocular grating acuity measures were crescent. In the first month, the mean acuity was 0.55 cpd (±0.70); in the second month, the mean acuity was 1.35 cpd (±0.69) and in the third month it was 3.11 (±0.54). After 12 months, the means of binocular and monocular acuity were, respectively, 14.41 cpd (±0.25) and 12.03 cpd (±0.39) in children between ages 12 and 14 months; 14.10 cpd (±0.27) and 10.79 cpd (±0.42) in children between ages 15 and 18 months; 15.50 cpd (±0.13) and 13.42 cpd (±0.26) in children between ages 19 and 24 months. Analysis of variance to repeated measures indicated differences between the measures of grating acuity in all ages. The coefficient of Spearman Correlation between the tests Lea Gratings and Teller Acuity Cards was respectively 0.53505 and 0.65175 for binocular and monocular measures. Conclusions: This test was capable to assess the evolution of grating acuity in the first three months of life and between 12 and 24 months, and established age-related norms for this method in a health children cohort until 12 months age. The comparison between the two tests of grating acuity demonstrated positive correlation
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestra em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente

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Sahlén, Klas-Göran. „An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure : preventive home visits among healthy seniors“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-25653.

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The aim of this thesis is to contribute to existing knowledge. If the knowledge is not useful in building society it has limited value. In order to be a tool for decision-makers, Preventive Home Visits (PHVs) are described and discussed according to a realist synthesis approach. The premise of this approach is that a single trial cannot tell the whole story and that understanding theoutcome pattern is much more important than seeking regularities in results across different trials. In order to understand the o utcome pattern, the PHV strategy in Nordmaling is examined against other trials and scientific work, and also in grey literature such as reports and workingpapers. An increasing population of seniors means that resources for health and elderly care are being scrutinised in order to achieve the best possible health for the money invested. PHVs represent one strategy that attempts to promote health among independent seniors. This thesis is a multidisciplinary study aiming to gain knowledge about the effects of PHVs and to understand the mechanisms of importance when implementing this particular strategy. The point of departure is a study conducted in Nordmaling in the north of Sweden among healthy seniors aged 75 years and over. The study, conducted as a controlled trial during 2000 and 2001, showed a decrease in mortality as well as the utilisation of care, and an improvement in indicators of perceived health. Cost analyses showed significant savings for the municipality following a reduction in the use of home help. These and other savings combined with costs of the intervention were related to saved life years and used to conduct health economic analyses. Medical and social records from the primary health centre and the municipality, along with official registers provided information for modelling health economic analyses from a lifetime perspective. Results showed that the costs of PHVs were less than 10 000 Euros per gained life year, against an acceptable level of cost effectiveness of 50 000 Euros. Using a shorter time perspective, the result was even more favourable for PHVs. It was evident that the time window used in the analyses, the normative choice of including future healthcare costs or not, and how to handle the value of the seniors’ production were important factors in determining the results. Two years after the trial, in-depth interviews were conducted with 5 seniors who had experienced PHVs, in order to gain understanding of the outcome of the PHV trial in Nordmaling. Participants were selected with respect to their health and how they responded to advice given during the PHV trial. Grounded Theory was used to analyse the interviews. Seniors who used autonomous coping strategies in everyday life gained less from PHVs than other seniors. All participants could benefit from PHVs, but in order for these to be successful it was important for the home visitor to be professional and to understand how the different coping strategies of seniors worked. Taken together, the different aspects of this study raised normative questions that are discussed in this thesis. One, whether the production of seniors has any monetary value in health economic analyses conducted from a societal perspective, was addressed in a smaller diary study where 23 seniors were asked to keep a diary in order to identify everything they did over a oneweek period. It was evident that most of the respondents “produced” a lot, however the production of seniors is rarely taken into account in health economic analyses. The concept of “senior production” includes both the market value of what seniors do, as well as the value of what society can avoid doing if the seniors are independent and healthy.

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Ruas, Teresa Cristina Brito. „Avaliação do comportamento visuomotor de lactentes nascidos pré-termo durante o primeiro trimestre de vida: medida para proteção da saúde ocular“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2958.

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The primary function of vision is related to achievements in infant development. The visual behavior is known to be acquired once visual stimuli are processed by retinal cells and then transmitted to the cerebral cortex by neurovisual pathways. This neuromaturational process progresses as visual stimuli are received by the neurons and synapses are moved from one nerve cell to another, thus promoting a normal visual development. The prematurity of the infant has been described to be an important indicator of risk for morbidity during the visuomotor development. Infants likely to have visuomotor impairment during this period should thus be provided with special follow-up. In this regard, this longitudinal study aims to assess the visuomotor behavior in infants at risk for disorders during the first three months of life. The infants were recruited from the Program for Detecting Audiological Disorders in Newborns (DAANE), in the Center of Studies and Research on Rehabilitation Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto at the School of Medical Sciences of the University Estadual of Campinas (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP). The participants were evenly divided into two groups of 21 infants. The experimental group was composed of preterm infants with gestational age under 37 full weeks, and a correected age of 1 to 3 months. The control group consisted of fullterm infants with gestational age ranging from 37 full weeks to 41 weeks and 6 days, and a chronological age of 1 to 3 months. Each infant was assessed three times at regular intervals through the Method for the Assessment of Infant Visual Behavior. The data was stored in a file form for the data bank of the program Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (Versão 14). The Cochran s Q-test was applied to compare the three months (assessment) in each group, and the Yates test was used to compare the two groups in each month. The results indicated that although linearity and sequence in visuomotor achievements were similar between the two groups, the rhythm and pattern of visuomotor development were different between them. In the first two months of life, fullterm infants were shown to acquire the great majority of the oculomotor and apendicular functions in a more rapid and frequent way. These results point to the importance of correcting gestational age when assessing the visuomotor behavior of infants at risk. This study provides a material for informational and instrumental support for parents regarding the normal visual development of infants from birth to the sixth month of life. Furthermore, this study contributes towards a further understanding of the visuomotor development of preterm infants, and promotes an opportune detection of possible signs indicative of visuomotor impairment so that the infant can receive a timely diagnosis.
A função primária da visão está ligada às conquistas do desenvolvimento infantil. Sabese que o desenvolvimento do comportamento visual ocorre diante da recepção e captação dos estímulos visuais pelas células retinianas e transmissão destes para o córtex cerebral pelas vias neurológicas da visão. Este processo de maturação neurológica ocorre à medida que chegam os estímulos visuais e mais sinapses vão sendo realizadas pelas células neurais, favorecendo o desenvolvimento visual normal. A prematuridade é reconhecida como importante indicador de risco para morbidades sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e desenvolvimento visuomotor. Desta forma, um acompanhamento especial deve ser destinado aos lactentes com chances de apresentar algum comprometimento visuomotor neste período. Diante do exposto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento visuomotor de lactentes com indicador de risco para alterações no desenvolvimento, em seguimento longitudinal, durante o primeiro trimestre de vida. Os lactentes selecionados são aqueles que fazem parte do Programa de Detecção de Alterações Audiológicas em Neonatos (DAANE), no Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Reabilitação Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto , da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP). A amostra do estudo é composta por dois grupos independentes de 21 lactentes cada um. O grupo experimental é composto por lactentes pré-termo com idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas completas de gestação e com idade corrigida entre 1 e 3 meses. O grupo controle tem população equivalente, porém são lactentes a termo com idade gestacional entre 37 semanas completas e 41 semanas e 6 dias, com idade cronológica entre 1 e 3 meses. Nesta proposta, cada lactente foi avaliado três vezes, com periodicidade definida, por meio do Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes. Os dados foram armazenados nos moldes de arquivo para o banco de dados do programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (Versão 14) e receberam uma análise estatística, utilizando-se a prova Q de Cochran para comparar os três meses (avaliações) de cada grupo e o teste de Yates para comparar diretamente os dois grupos em cada mês. Os resultados das avaliações demonstraram que, apesar da linearidade e da sequência das aquisições visuomotoras serem semelhantes entre lactentes a termo e lactentes pré-termo, o ritmo e o padrão de desenvolvimento visuomotor de lactentes pré-termo diferencia-se dos lactentes a termo. A aquisição da grande maioria das funções oculomotoras e apendiculares no primeiro e segundo meses de vida ocorre de forma mais rápida e freqüente nos lactentes a termo. Frente a estes resultados, discute-se a importância da correção da idade gestacional nos processos avaliativos do comportamento visuomotor de lactentes de risco. Além disso, o presente estudo apresentou um material de suporte informacional e instrumental destinado aos pais, acerca do desenvolvimento visual normal até o sexto mês de vida. Desta forma, este estudo contribuiu para um maior conhecimento sobre o comportamento visuomotor de lactentes pré-termo, bem como possibilitou a detecção oportuna de possíveis sinais indicativos de comprometimento visuomotor e encaminhamento a serviços médicos para diagnóstico.

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Bücher zum Thema "Vision prevention"

Attorney General Daniel E. Lungren's Policy Council on Violence Prevention. Violence prevention: A vision of hope : final report. [Sacramento?]: The Center, 1995.

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FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. Driver's enhanced vision system (DEVS). [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1997.

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Bakri, Sophie J. Mayo Clinic guide to better vision. Herausgegeben von Mayo Clinic. Rochester, Minn: Mayo Clinic, 2014.

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Four days of the vision. Florence, Alabama: Meridian Press, 2011.

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Canada, Canada Health. Shared responsibilities, shared vision: Renewing the federal health protection legislation = Responsabilités partagées, vision partagée. [Ottawa]: Health Canada, 1998.

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The imaginations of unreasonable men: Inspiration, vision, and purpose in the quest to end malaria. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010.

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Qiongxian, Huang, Hrsg. Jing ren no shi li hui fu yan qiu cao: Kyōi no shiryoku kaifukuhō. Taibei Shi: Cai shi wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2013.

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Xiangning, Qiu, Hrsg. Dian nao, shou ji ding zai jiu ye bu pa!: Xiao chu yan jing pi lao, you xiao hui fu shi li de Zhongchuan shi hu yan fa. Taibei Shi: Shang zhou chu ban, 2014.

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Burn, Hilary. The Aging eye: Preventing and treating eye disease. Boston, MA: Harvard Medical School, 2003.

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Conseil national de lutte contre le SIDA et les infections sexuellement transmissibles (Togo). Secrétariat permanent. Politique nationale de lutte contre le VIH et le SIDA au Togo: Vision 2020. Lomé: Présidence de la République, Conseil national de lutte contre le SIDA et les infections sexuellement transmissibles (CNLS-IST), 2012.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Vision prevention"

Ahmadi, Negar. „Vision Zero“. In Casebook of Traumatic Injury Prevention, 285–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27419-1_19.

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Russo, Jose. „A Vision of the Future“. In The Future of Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer, 175–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72815-1_10.

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Abdel-Hafez, Mamoun F., Ibrahim Muhammad, Kamal M. Saadeddin und Amer A. Al-Radaideh. „Low-Cost, Non-centralized, Vehicle Collision Prevention System“. In Machine Vision and Mechatronics in Practice, 239–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45514-2_20.

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Agrawal, Rajat, und Namrata Singh. „Lane Detection and Collision Prevention System for Automated Vehicles“. In Applied Computer Vision and Image Processing, 46–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4029-5_5.

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Lefèbvre, Pierre. „Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Primary and Secondary Prevention the Vision of the International Diabetes Federation“. In Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes, 15–20. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470857358.ch2.

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Daro, Deborah. „Crafting Effective Child Abuse Prevention Systems: A Legacy of Vision“. In C. Henry Kempe: A 50 Year Legacy to the Field of Child Abuse and Neglect, 157–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4084-6_18.

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Bidgoli, Sina, und Jorge L. Alio. „Night Vision Disturbances Following Refractive Surgery: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment“. In Management of Complications in Refractive Surgery, 163–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60561-6_21.

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Li, Meng, Quanliang Jing, Zhongjiang Yao und Jingang Liu. „On the Prevention of Invalid Route Injection Attack“. In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 294–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44980-6_33.

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Ibrahim, Noor Salwani, Ng Yan Duan, Dzati Athiar Ramli und Haryati Jaafar. „Automatic Detection of Embolic Signal for Stroke Prevention“. In 9th International Conference on Robotic, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications, 601–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1721-6_65.

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Praveena, A., und S. Smys. „Efficient Prevention Mechanism Against Spam Attacks for Social Networking Sites“. In New Trends in Computational Vision and Bio-inspired Computing, 1095–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41862-5_111.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Vision prevention"

Arthur III, Jarvis J., Lawrence J. Prinzel III, Lynda J. Kramer, Randall E. Bailey und Russell V. Parrish. „CFIT prevention using synthetic vision“. In AeroSense 2003, herausgegeben von Jacques G. Verly. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.487291.

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Rani, P. Sheela, P. Subhashree und N. Sankari Devi. „Computer vision based gaze tracking for accident prevention“. In 2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (Startup Conclave). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/startup.2016.7583976.

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Huiwen, Xia, und Ai Huangze. „Design of Epidemic Prevention Detection System Based on Machine Vision“. In 2021 36th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac53711.2021.9486612.

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Gilby, J. „Roadmapping computer vision-directions and opportunities for CCTV“. In IEE International Symposium on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention (ICDP 2005). IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20050082.

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Siebert, Felix, und Hanhe Lin. „4D.002 Using computer vision for assessing law-adherence of motorcyclists“. In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.109.

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Vieira, Fabio, Eva Oliveira und Nuno Rodrigues. „iSVC – Digital Platform for Detection and Prevention of Computer Vision Syndrome“. In 2019 IEEE 7th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/segah.2019.8882438.

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Krebs, R., E. Lerch, O. Ruhle, S. Gal, F. Lazar und D. Paunescu. „Vision 2020: Blackout prevention by combined protection and network security assessment“. In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596657.

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Khan, T., M. Biglari-Abhari und G. Gimel'farb. „Analysing Depth Contours for Robust Real-Time Stereo Vision“. In 7th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention (ICDP 2016). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2016.0083.

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Bobbit, Russell, Jonathan Connell, Norman Haas, Charles Otto, Sharath Pankanti und Jason Payne. „Visual item verification for fraud prevention in retail self-checkout“. In 2011 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2011.5711557.

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Tunali, Emre, Sinan Oz und Mustafa Eral. „Enhancing Correlation Filter based Trackers with Size Adaptivity and Drift Prevention“. In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006680404720480.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Vision prevention"

Raygor, AD, und SM Lindberg. In Pursuit of a 2020 Vision: Evaluation Findings of the National Initiative for Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention. University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21636/nccrahs.2020vision.r.1.2018.

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Barrera, Joel, Antonio J. Figueiredo, Filipe Manuel Clemente, José Afonso, Adam Field, Luis Valenzuela und Hugo Sarmento. Injury prevention protocols in male soccer players: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0066.

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Review question / Objective: This article synthesizes the findings of systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyzes (SRMA) available on injury prevention programs in male soccer players and their effectiveness. Condition being studied: The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the systematic reviews and meta-analyzes published up to now, on injury prevention programs and their effectiveness in male soccer players, trying to find a broader vision on the strategies most used for this. problem that affects so many clubs and athletes. Additionally, this research will allow a better understanding of the spread of summary effects, heterogeneity, evidence of bias, and the quality of the findings.

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Barbut, Denise. Preventing Vision Loss from Blast Injuries with Regenerative Biomaterial. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada591250.

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Lawrence, Brian D. Preventing Vision Loss from Blast Injuries with Regenerative Biomaterial. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600398.

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Danagoulian, Shooshan, Daniel Grossman und David Slusky. Office Visits Preventing Emergency Room Visits: Evidence From the Flint Water Switch. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27098.

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Uchida, Nobuyuki, Kunio Fukuyama, Yoichi Asano, Kazuo Fujita und Tsuyoshi Katayama. A Preventive Measure Based on Properties of a Driver's Peripheral Vision for Crossing Collision~Detection Failure Mechanism and Improvement of Visual Condition at Clear-Sighted Rural Intersections. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, Mai 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0244.

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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.

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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Kassim Nishtar, Aisling Reidy, Sara Darehshori, Andrew Painter und Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/pb-f/2021/2.

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Based on the proposal by the European Council, more than 25 heads of state and the World Health Organization (WHO) support development of an international treaty on pandemics, that planned to be negotiated under the auspices of WHO, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. Given that the treaty alone is not enough to ensure compliance, triggers for a high-level political response is required. To this end, to inform the design of a support system, we explored institutional mechanismsi with a mandate to review compliance with key international agreements in their signatory countries and conduct independent country investigations in a manner that manages sovereign considerations. Based on our review, there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right. There is, however, potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms to support a strong, enforceable treaty. These aspects include: • Periodic review - based on the model of human rights treaties, with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body to ensure the independence. If made obligatory, the review could support compliance with the treaty. • On-site investigations - based on the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture according to which visits cannot be blocked by state parties. • Non-negotiable design principles - including accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. • Technical support - WHO can provide countries with technical assistance, tools, monitoring, and assessment to enhance emergency preparedness and response.

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Frost, Jennifer J., Jennifer Mueller und Zoe H. Pleasure. Trends and Differentials in Receipt of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in the United States: Services Received and Sources of Care, 2006–2019. Guttmacher Institute, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2021.33017.

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Key Points Seven in 10 U.S. women of reproductive age, some 44 million women, make at least one medical visit to obtain sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services each year. While the overall number of women receiving any SRH service remained relatively stable between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, the number of women receiving preventive gynecologic care fell and the number receiving STI testing doubled. Disparities in use of SRH services persist, as Hispanic women are significantly less likely than non-Hispanic White women to receive SRH services, and uninsured women are significantly less likely to receive services than privately insured women. Publicly funded clinics remain critical sources of SRH care for many women, with younger women, lower income women, women of color, foreign-born women, women with Medicaid coverage and women who are uninsured especially likely to rely on publicly funded clinics. Among women who go to clinics for SRH care, two-thirds report that the clinic is their usual source for medical care. Among those relying on both private providers and public clinics, the proportion of women who reported receiving a combination of contraceptive and STI/HIV care increased between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has likely contributed to some of the changes observed in where women receive contraceptive and other SRH services and how they pay for that care: The share of women receiving contraceptive services who go to private providers rose from 69% to 77% between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, in part because more women gained private or public health insurance coverage and there was a greater likelihood that their health insurance would cover SRH services. There was a complementary drop in the share of women receiving contraceptive services who went to a publicly funded clinic, from 27% in 2006–2010 to 18% in 2015–2019. For non-Hispanic Black women, immigrant women and uninsured women, there was no increase in the use of private providers for contraceptive care from 2006–2010 to 2015–2019. Among women served at publicly funded clinics between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, there were significant increases in the use of both public and private insurance to pay for their care.

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Request for assistance in preventing vision disturbances and acute physical distress due to dimethylethylamine (DMEA) exposure. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dezember 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub88103.

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