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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Virové infekce“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Virové infekce"
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Rainetová, Petra. „Viral intestinal infections - viral gastroenteritides“. Pediatrie pro praxi 18, Nr. 1 (04.04.2017): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/ped.2017.009.
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Beneš, Jiří, und Dana Nováková. „Pathogenesis of covid-19: principles of viral infection and immune response“. Intervenční a akutní kardiologie 20, Nr. 2 (09.07.2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/kar.2021.023.
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Boštíková, Vanda, Petr Prášil, Miloslav Salavec und Pavel Boštík. „Selected viral and bacterial infections transmitted perinatally - part three toxoplasmosis“. Pediatrie pro praxi 17, Nr. 2 (09.05.2016): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/ped.2016.016.
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Focà, Alfredo, Maria Carla Liberto, Angela Quirino, Nadia Marascio, Emilia Zicca und Grazia Pavia. „Gut Inflammation and Immunity: What Is the Role of the Human Gut Virome?“ Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/326032.
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The human virome comprises viruses that infect host cells, virus-derived elements in our chromosomes, and viruses that infect other organisms, including bacteriophages and plant viruses. The development of high-throughput sequencing techniques has shown that the human gut microbiome is a complex community in which the virome plays a crucial role into regulation of intestinal immunity and homeostasis. Nevertheless, the size of the human virome is still poorly understood. Indeed the enteric virome is in a continuous and dynamic equilibrium with other components of the gut microbiome and the gut immune system, an interaction that may influence the health and disease of the host. We review recent evidence on the viruses found in the gastrointestinal tract, discussing their interactions with the resident bacterial microbiota and the host immune system, in order to explore the potential impact of the virome on human health.
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Pleško, I. Mavric, M. Viršcek Marn, Z. Miladinovic und J. Zindovic. „First Report of Peach latent mosaic viroid in Peach Trees in Montenegro“. Plant Disease 96, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0487.
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Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) are known to infect stone fruit species worldwide. The viroid infection can be latent or induce a variety of disease symptoms. Stone fruit samples were collected in Montenegro for a Plum pox virus (PPV) survey in 2007. Thirteen samples infected with PPV, taken from 12-year-old peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, cv. Elegant Lady) in the area of Cemovsko field, were tested for the presence of PLMVd and HSVd by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Mild or severe mosaic, chlorotic rings, and fruit deformations were observed on some trees. Total RNA was extracted from all samples with a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA) and RT-PCR was performed. Samples were tested for HSVd and PLMVd infection using primer pairs RF-43/RF-44 for PLMVd (1) and VP-19/VP-20 for HSVd (2). Amplification products of approximately 348 bp were obtained from nine samples with PLMVd primers. Amplification products from seven samples were successfully cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and used for transformation of Escherichia coli. At least four clones of each sample were sequenced. Obtained sequences were 337 and 338 nucleotides long and shared 90.3 to 100% identity. Consensus sequences of each sample were deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. JF927892–JF927898. They showed 92.6 to 97.9% identity among each other, 94 to 98% identity with the PLMVd isolate G sequence (Accession No. EF591868) and 91.8 to 94.4% identity with PLMVd sequence M83545. HSVd was not detected in analyzed samples. PLMVd infections were found on peach trees in an area where approximately 40% of the peach production is located. Therefore, PLMVd infections can pose a threat to peach production in Montenegro. To our knowledge this is the first report of PLMVd infection of peach in Montenegro. References: (1) S. Ambrós et al. J. Virol. 72:7397, 1998. (2) S. A. Kofalvi et al. J. Gen. Virol. 78:3177, 1997.
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Venkataraman, Srividhya, Uzma Badar, Erum Shoeb, Ghyda Hashim, Mounir AbouHaidar und Kathleen Hefferon. „An Inside Look into Biological Miniatures: Molecular Mechanisms of Viroids“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 6 (10.03.2021): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062795.
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Viroids are tiny single-stranded circular RNA pathogens that infect plants. Viroids do not encode any proteins, yet cause an assortment of symptoms. The following review describes viroid classification, molecular biology and spread. The review also discusses viroid pathogenesis, host interactions and detection. The review concludes with a description of future prospects in viroid research.
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Cho, Won, Yeonhwa Jo, Kyoung-Min Jo und Kook-Hyung Kim. „A Current Overview of Two Viroids That Infect Chrysanthemums: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid“. Viruses 5, Nr. 4 (17.04.2013): 1099–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v5041099.
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Mukhopadhya, Indrani, Jonathan P. Segal, Simon R. Carding, Ailsa L. Hart und Georgina L. Hold. „The gut virome: the ‘missing link’ between gut bacteria and host immunity?“ Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 12 (Januar 2019): 175628481983662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284819836620.
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The human gut virome includes a diverse collection of viruses that infect our own cells as well as other commensal organisms, directly impacting on our well-being. Despite its predominance, the virome remains one of the least understood components of the gut microbiota, with appropriate analysis toolkits still in development. Based on its interconnectivity with all living cells, it is clear that the virome cannot be studied in isolation. Here we review the current understanding of the human gut virome, specifically in relation to other constituents of the microbiome, its evolution and life-long association with its host, and our current understanding in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and associated therapies. We propose that the gut virome and the gut bacterial microbiome share similar trajectories and interact in both health and disease and that future microbiota studies should in parallel characterize the gut virome to uncover its role in health and disease.
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Adkar-Purushothama, Charith Raj, und Jean-Pierre Perreault. „Impact of Nucleic Acid Sequencing on Viroid Biology“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 15 (01.08.2020): 5532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155532.
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The early 1970s marked two breakthroughs in the field of biology: (i) The development of nucleotide sequencing technology; and, (ii) the discovery of the viroids. The first DNA sequences were obtained by two-dimensional chromatography which was later replaced by sequencing using electrophoresis technique. The subsequent development of fluorescence-based sequencing method which made DNA sequencing not only easier, but many orders of magnitude faster. The knowledge of DNA sequences has become an indispensable tool for both basic and applied research. It has shed light biology of viroids, the highly structured, circular, single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that infect numerous economically important plants. Our understanding of viroid molecular biology and biochemistry has been intimately associated with the evolution of nucleic acid sequencing technologies. With the development of the next-generation sequence method, viroid research exponentially progressed, notably in the areas of the molecular mechanisms of viroids and viroid diseases, viroid pathogenesis, viroid quasi-species, viroid adaptability, and viroid–host interactions, to name a few examples. In this review, the progress in the understanding of viroid biology in conjunction with the improvements in nucleotide sequencing technology is summarized. The future of viroid research with respect to the use of third-generation sequencing technology is also briefly envisaged.
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Eiras, Marcelo, Maria Luisa P. N. Targon, Thor V. M. Fajardo, Ricardo Flores und Elliot W. Kitajima. „Citrus exocortis viroid and Hop Stunt viroid Doubly infecting grapevines in Brazil“. Fitopatologia Brasileira 31, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2006): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582006000500002.
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Viroids, non-protein-coding small (246-401 nt) circular single-stranded RNAs with autonomous replication, are currently classified into two families. Within the family Pospiviroidae, Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) belongs to the genus Pospiviroid while Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is the single member of the genus Hostuviroid. These pathogens are distributed worldwide and infect a large number of hosts. In Brazil, isolates of CEVd and HSVd have been detected in both citrus and grapevine. To characterize and study the genetic variability of these viroids, total RNA from leaves of grapevine Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and V. labrusca 'Niagara Rosada' from Bento Gonçalves, RS, was used as a template for RT-PCR amplification with specific primers for the five viroids described infecting grapevines [HSVd, CEVd, Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd-1), Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (GYSVd-2) and Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd)]. Leaf samples of Citrus medica infected with CEVd from São Paulo were also analyzed. The resulting products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA fragments of the expected size were eluted, cloned and sequenced. The grapevine samples analyzed were doubly infected by CEVd and HSVd. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the Brazilian grapevine HSVd variants clustered with other grapevine HSVd variants, forming a specific group separated from citrus variants, whereas the Brazilian CEVd variants clustered with other citrus and grapevine variants.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Virové infekce"
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Tomanová, Tereza. „Analýza protilátkové odpovědi u BK virové infekce“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397570.
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BK virus is a human polyomavirus which is highly prevalent in the population. The virus is usually not very dangerous to its host, but it may cause complicati- ons in immunosuppressed patients. These complications commonly appear after kidney transplantation because BK virus persists in kidney epithelial cells. There are four subtypes of BK virus and it might be clinically important to screen for the identity of subtypes in matched pairs of donors and recipients of the kidney. This determination of the subtype specific antibodies by simple test could help to manage complications after the surgery. During previous project the ELISA test that could serologically differentiate between two main BK virus subtypes (I and IV) was designed, but its development is complicated by the fact that there is a strong cross-reactivity between the BK virus subtypes and antibodies. The modification of antigen towards better specificity might be required to succeed. Consequently, the main aim of this diploma thesis was to map important spots of major capsid protein VP1 of BK virus, particulary in EF and DE loops, which could participate in binding of antibodies. This aim was addressed by targeted mutagenesis of the gene coding VP1 protein in the region of the respective loop. Nucleotides coding two surface aminoacids...
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Müller, Karel. „Regulace fosfoenolpyruvátkarboxylasy v rostlinách tabáku během virové infekce“. Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368987.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in tobacco plants during potyviral infection Regulace fosfoenolpyruvátkarboxylasy v rostlinách tabáku během virové infekce Karel Müller Supervisor: RNDr. Helena Ryšlavá CSc. Prague, 2008 2 Table of contents / Obsah Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 3 Aim of the work................................................................................................................................. 4 Results and discussion ....................................................................................................................... 5 Isolation of PEPC from tobacco leaves ......................................................................................... 5 Characterization of tobacco PEPC................................................................................................. 5 Regulation of tobacco PEPC during viral infection....................................................................... 7 Effect of cytokinins in tobacco leaves during stress.................................................................... 10...
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Hubáček, Petr. „DNA virové infekce u pacientů po alogenní transplantaci kostní dřeně"“. Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-274964.
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Infectious complications are very common after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Beside bacterial and mycotic infections, viral infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients. Among viral infections, the most common are infections caused by DNA viruses. Between January 2001 and October 2008, we have tested samples from 217 paediatric and 382 adult patients after HSCT. In total, we have tested 15 757 samples (median 31 samples for children, 20 for adult). Among them, there was 14 867 samples of peripheral blood and 890 samples of other biological materials (urine, stool, CSF etc.). Quantity of HSV, VZV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, EBV, adenoviruses of group A-C, BKV and albumin gene was tested using quantitative real-time PCR technology. Results of CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7 and EBV were normalized to 10 000 human genome equivalents. HSV and VZV were detected in minute number of samples. Threshold for virostatic therapy was assessed to 100 normalized viral copies for CMV. This level was crossed in 55 children and 123 adults. Despite the virostatic treatment, symptoms of CMV infections developed in 68 patients. CMV disease, alone or in the consequence of other post-transplant complications, was observed in 20 patients, fatal in 17 of them. In 4 paediatric patients, we have detected...
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KASALOVÁ, Tereza. „Kvantifikace progrese virové infekce virů RaMV a TuRSV pomocí real-time PCR“. Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45378.
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The relative amount of viral RNA of two comoviruses (RaMV and TuRSV) in different parts of plant during infection was determined. The two viruses were compared according to their ability to spread and multiply in plants.
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Kašpárková, Kateřina. „Nákazy přenášené kapénkami: znalosti, postoje a chování žáků 2. stupně základní školy“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446566.
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The diploma thesis deals with droplet infections and finds out what knowledge, attitudes and behavior pupils of the lower secondary school have towards them. The theoretical part focuses on educational documents in the Czech Republic, including the occurrence of topics about droplet infections in RVP ZV, didactic game as a teaching method and a detail description of selected viral and bacterial droplet infections. In the practical part, the diploma thesis finds out what knowledge, attitudes and behavior students have about droplet infections. Subsequently, a didactic game is performed and the effectiveness of the didactic game is evaluated by comparing the pre-test and the post-test on the basis of changes in the knowledge, attitudes and declared behavior of the interviewed pupils. The results showed that due to the didactic game there was an improvement in the students knowledge and a desired change of attitudes. The declared behavior of students remained unchanged, as the entry level of students in this area was already at a high level.
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Kúdelová, Veronika. „Strukturní a funkční charakterizace inhibice flavivirové methyltransferasy“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448909.
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Recently, non-cellular viral agents became the focus of a large number of scientific groups. A prominent and widespread group of these viruses are flaviviruses, which include, for example, Zika virus, Dengue fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. There is a considerable diversity among these viruses, however, highly conserved proteins can be found throughout this viral genus. The largest and most conserved protein encoded by flaviviruses is the nonstructural NS5 protein. Its N-terminal domain bears the methyltransferase (MTase) activity. Thanks to the methylation of its genome, it allows the virus to initiate translation and at the same time mask it from the host's immune system. By blocking the active site of this enzyme with a small molecule, viral infection could be stopped not only in one flavivirus, but, due to the high conservation of MTases, in all other flaviviruses. This diploma thesis deals with the aforementioned MTase domain of the NS5 protein, specifically of the West Nile virus (WNV). After designing an insert encoding the WNV MTase domain, amplifying it and ligating it into the vector, the MTase domain was prepared by a recombinant expression, followed by purification. Subsequently, complexes of the protein with small molecules (MTase ligands) were formed, in...
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Girmanová, Eva. „BK virová infekce u pacientů po transplantaci ledviny“. Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410799.
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Polyoma BK virus is associated with graft dysfunction leading to BK viral nephropathy (BKVN) in 1-10% of kidney transplant recipients, moreover 30-80% of kidney transplant recipients experience asymptomatic reactivation of the virus that does not result in BKV associated damage of the renal allograft. The first aim of this study was to introduce monitoring of BK virus replication in the blood and urine of patients within first year after transplantation. Risk factors were evaluated and limit values for viremia and viruria for BKVN development was established. Positive BK viruria >107 copies/ml and positive BK viremia >104 copies/ml occurred in 25.8% and 5%; respectively. 3 patients out of monitoring study developed BKVN. Using ROC analysis, limit values for the development of BKVN were set at 103 copies/ml serum for BK viremia and 6.7x107 copies/ml BK viruria. The second objective was to determine the expression profile of the immune genes in kidney biopsies in three groups of patients with varying degrees of reactivation of the BK virus (without virus reactivation, with asymptomatic viruria, BKVN). 90 genes of immune response were measured by the TaqMan® low density array RT-qPCR. The analysis of biopsies from patients with non-signalling viruses led to the identification of 5 differentially...
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Sekavová, Alžběta. „Příprava polyomavirových nanostruktur pro diagnostiku BK virových infekcí“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355719.
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FÜSSY, Zoltán. „Analýza exprese vybraných regulačních faktorů chmelu v návaznosti na projevy viroidní patogeneze“. Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-49373.
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The aim of this work was to determine whether there are besides morphogenetic and metabolomic changes in viroid-infected plants also some alterations in the expression of transcription factors (TFs) known from our previous work to be involved in the secondary metabolites production, namely HlMyb1, HlMyb3, HlbHLH, HlbZIPA and HlbZIP2 TFs. Infectious vectors were prepared containing dimers of two closely related viroids- hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and cucumber pale fruit viroid (CPFVd). To achieve infection of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), biolistic inoculation of young shoots was performed. Hop cv. Admiral was chosen as a model for our experiments, because of its high flavonoid content in leaves. Infection of hop with both of these viroid species was proven by means of Northern hybridization and dot-blot techniques. Plants infected with HSVd showed serious symptoms such as stunted growth, epinasty and rugosity of leaves. Interestingly, decoloration of the petioles of the plants infected with HSVd was observed, maybe as a result of lower anthocyanins production. These symptoms were similar but milder in CPFVd-infected hops. On plants bearing symptoms, HPLC analyses were performed and compared to controls to detect changes in the levels of flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids, bitter acids and xanthohumol. In HSVd-infected hop leaves and petioles, significant decrease in the contents of flavonol glycosides and phenolic acids was observed. On the other hand, an increase in the amount of xanthohumol and bitter acids was detected in HSVd-infected tissues compared to healthy controls. Unlike to HSVd infection, the decrease of all analyzed secondary metabolites was observed in CPFVd-infected material. This difference suggests an alternative response of metabolome pathways to CPFVd-caused pathogenesis in comparison to HSVd. Semiquantitative RT PCR was performed to assay levels of TFs in healthy and infected hop tissues. Quantitative RealTime analyses of putative hop transcription factors HlbZIPA and HlbZIP2 were carried out using RNA isolated from HSVd-infected petioles. Increased mRNA levels of bZIP TFs were detected in infected material, suggesting an involvement of these factors in the response of the host plants to HSVd infection. Using thermodynamic methods of TGGE and heteroduplex analysis, several sequence variants of HlbZIP2 were idetified. According to aminoacid sequence alignment, this putative factor belongs to a group of bZIP proteins known for ABA/stress signalling in A. thaliana.
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PECKOVÁ, Lucie. „Okrasné parkové dřeviny zásobárnou virů čeledi Rhabdoviridae“. Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112088.
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Rhabdoviridae family viruses attacking the plant hosts were only described at the angiosperms. In this work, a gymnosperm rhabdoviridae infection was described for the first time ever ? specifically at Ginkgo biloba. Even though there were not observed any kinds of obvious infection symptoms on any of randomly chosen plant samples, through the molecular methods and detection primers the rhabdoviridae infection was proved at six of the plant samples. The acquired nucleotide and amino acid sequences, which were compared with the GenBank sequences, confirm the Rhabdoviridae family viruses occurrence. These given sequences demonstrated a certain analogy with a Strawberry crinkle virus assigned to the genus of Cytorhabdoviruses. The analyses proved a different reciprocal homology among the nucleotide sequences of the individual isolates, and in all likelihood an occurrence of two up to now unknown viruses in the Ginkgo biloba samples was proved for the first time. A definite categorization will be dependent on an acquisition and comparison of other sequences from the isolates genome and also on certain biological characteristics observation.