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Nkunzimana, Obed. „Procès fictifs et projets politiques dans deux romans africains francophones“. Études littéraires 33, Nr. 1 (12.04.2005): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/501280ar.
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En s'appuyant sur l'esthétique et l'éthique du normatif (Hamon), c'est-à-dire sur les rapports à la fois génétiques et polémiques entre le poétique et le politique, l'article montre comment le roman africain, par la scénarisation des procès fictifs, entame la forteresse d'une Tradition asservissante et disqualifie le pouvoir politique dictatorial dont l'arme première consiste à " rogner les ailes de la justice " dans toutes ses acceptions (U'Tam'si). Par des revirements spectaculaires où les juges, quand ils ne fuient pas, se retrouvent sur le banc des accusés, les deux romans abordés, Les cancrelats de Tchicaya U'Tam'si et Giambatista Viko ou le viol du discours africain de Mbwil a Mpang Ngal amorcent un projet démocratique dont les contours restent cependant incertains et précaires.
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Codaccioni, Vanessa. „(Dé)Politisation du genre et des questions sexuelles dans un procès politique en contexte colonial : le viol, le procès et l’affaire Djamila Boupacha (1960-1962)“. Nouvelles Questions Féministes 29, Nr. 1 (2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/nqf.291.0032.
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Raymond, Serge G. „Parcours en folie : littérature et psychiatrie“. psychologie clinique, Nr. 45 (2018): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/psyc/201845078.
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Lors de cette intervention au séminaire de psychopathologie clinique, organisé par le psychiatre Evelyne Hechner et le psychologue Olivier Douville au CHS de Ville Évrard, consacré à “Littérature et psychiatrie : soigner oui… mais pas sans littérature”, l’intervenant se demande ce que l’on sait, aujourd’hui, du destin des enfants nés du ventre des femmes tondues (encore appelées « collaboratrices de sexe » par la réglementation) et précise la nature des liens établis avec les occupants. Il retrace le destin de l’un de ces enfants, Emma Santos, jeune femme devenue écrivaine par nécessité, pour sa survie. Cette dernière vie aux prises avec la stigmatisation de ses parents (un couple franco-allemand), et aux prises avec les mouvements féministes d’alors comme le procès contre le viol de Bobigny, le procès en faveur de l’avortement de Perpignan, et le différend entre F. Giroud et S. Veil (loi Veil en 1975) où la petite histoire a donné naissance à la grande. Tous ces éléments font de cette femme une résistante qui a su utiliser sa folie et recourir à la psychiatrie pour en défendre le statut. Emma Santos se déclare littéromane et nous dit, par la voix de ses huit ouvrages ainsi que par ses représentations théâtrales, qu’elle est contenue par la folie, et que cette dernière est de la littérature même. Comment ne pas interroger la dimension politique de la psychiatrie ? L’auteur s’efforce de répondre à cette question avec tact.
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Rojtman, Suzy. „Viols par inceste : Procès contre le silence“. Cahiers du féminisme 53, Nr. 1 (1990): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cafem.1990.3931.
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Le Flem, Claude-Daniel. „Réalité et fiction du temps opératif en psychomécanique“. Revue québécoise de linguistique 17, Nr. 1 (12.05.2009): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602616ar.
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Résumé Transformant la structure linguistique en procès et les oppositions en positions dans un continuum, le paramètre du temps opératif fait de la psychomécanique une théorie mentaliste et énonciative. Son revers est que la durée, substrat des opérations mentales, est corvéable à merci. Les guillaumiens tendent à abuser de cette facilité, en y référant des différences de sens qui résultent en fait de la combinatoire discursive : d’où une polysémie généralisée qui viole la fonction sémiologique et alourdit les composantes morphologique et syntaxique. La nécessaire réaction est amorcée.
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Mapela, Jean Jacques Kahunga. „L’exception d’inconstitutionnalité soulevée lors du procès du prévenu vital kamerhe & consorts. L’inconstitutionnalité de la réponse du juge de céans?“ KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 8, Nr. 4 (2021): 590–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2021-4-590.
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L’étude sur l’exception d’inconstitutionnalité, soulevée lors du procès dit de cent jours ayant impliqué notamment Monsieur Vital Kamerhe, Directeur de Cabinet et allié du Président de la République, a démontré que la réponse du juge de céans a, autant par la procédure employée que par les arguments avancés, violé les dispositions de l’article 162 de la Constitution qui consacre ce moyen. En tant que moyen « d’ordre public », l’exception d’inconstitutionnalité est à la fois un moyen de droit et un incident de procédure. Il s’agit d’un incident de constitutionnalité. La procédure qui lui est prescrite exige la surséance et la saisine de la Cour constitutionnelle « toutes affaires cessantes ». Par ailleurs, comme l’a jugé la Cour constitutionnelle elle-même, battant ainsi en brèche la procédure et l’argumentaire du juge de céans dudit procès, « (…) la question prioritaire préjudicielle est invoquée, non pas in limine litis, mais à toute hauteur de procédure, ce moyen étant d’ordre public, et qui, après surséance renvoie à la Cour constitutionnelle (…) ».
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Penzold, M. „„Es gibt so viel Züge … so unendlich viel Züge …““. Germanistische Mitteilungen 48, Nr. 48 (2023): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33675/gm/2022/48/6.
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Penzold, M. „„Es gibt so viel Züge … so unendlich viel Züge …““. Germanistische Mitteilungen 48, Nr. 48 (2023): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33675/gm/2023/48/6.
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Jurčević, Katica, Marina Perić–Kaselj und Ozana Ramljak. „Migracijski procesi i identiteti u književnom stvaralaštvu Amelije Batistich“. Obnovljeni život 77, Nr. 3 (04.07.2022): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31337/oz.77.3.7.
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Krajem 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća došlo je do pojačanoga iseljavanja Hrvata na Novi Zeland zbog političkih i ekonomskih zbivanja u Domovini. U radu se prati integracijski proces na početcima novoga života na Novom Zelandu kroz književno stvaralaštvo novozelandske književnice hrvatskoga podrijetla Amelije Batistich. Njezina je književnost inspirirana poviješću Hrvata na Novom Zelandu i njihovom prilagodbom novim životnim uvjetima u multikulturalnom okruženju. Zbirka pripovijedaka An Olive Tree in Dalmatia, kao i roman Pjevaj vilo u planini po svojem su sadržaju uronjeni u obiteljsko, povijesno, religijsko, baštinsko i mitsko, kroz priče preneseno pamćenje, koje vlastiti identitet pronalazi u isprepletenosti dvaju prostora, bivšega i sadašnjega.
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Kletowski, Piotr. „Celuloidowy pierścień Nibelunga. Wagner „ufilmowiony” albo o „kinematograficznych” inscenizacjach wagnerowskich dramatów muzycznych“. Kwartalnik Filmowy, Nr. 87-88 (31.12.2014): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/kf.2387.
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Autor skupia się na omówieniu klasycznych i współczesnych inscenizacji dramatów muzycznych Ryszarda Wagnera, realizowanych przez mistrzów kina i nawiązujących do teorii oraz praktyki niemieckiego kompozytora, swoimi pracami niejako przepowiadającego istnienie kina i myślącego kategoriami estetycznymi rozwijanymi później przez twórców X muzy. Inscenizacje dzieł Wagnerowskich są swego rodzaju spłatą długu Wagnerowi i nie tyle rekonstruują świat wizualno-muzycznych wizji twórcy Lohengrina, wykorzystując język filmu, ile po prostu wypełniają postulat niemieckiego kompozytora o stworzeniu dzieła „totalnego”. W tekście są omówione wagnerowskie inscenizacje takich mistrzów kina, jak Eisenstein, Visconti, Chéreau, Syberberg i Bill Viola, którzy w swych poszukiwaniach artystycznych realizowali idee Gesamtkunstwerku. Kletowski ukazuje proces „ufilmowienia” współczesnej sztuki operowej (przede wszystkim dzieł Wagnera, choć nie tylko), która na zasadzie „transakcji zwrotnej” wpływa również na kształt współczesnej X muzy, nierzadko nawiązującej do wzorców operowych.
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Miere (Groza), Florina, Simona Ioana Vicas, Adrian Vasile Timar, Mariana Ganea, Mihaela Zdrinca, Simona Cavalu, Luminita Fritea et al. „Preparation and Characterization of Two Different Liposomal Formulations with Bioactive Natural Extract for Multiple Applications“. Processes 9, Nr. 3 (27.02.2021): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030432.
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Liposomes continue to attract great interest due to their increased bioavailability in the body and because the substances encapsulated are protected while maintaining their effectiveness. The aim of this study is to obtain “giant” liposomes by lipid film hydration using a preparation formula with two different phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Firstly, the macro- and microscopic characterization, total phenols content and antioxidant capacity of the plant Stellaria media (L.) Vill. were assessed. Then, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. extract was encapsulated in both formulations (PCE and PSE) and the liposomes were characterized according to their morphology, size distribution and Zeta potential using optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and the values of both formulations were compared. PC and PCE liposomes with a diameter between 712 and 1000 nm and PS and PSE liposomes with a diameter between 58 and 1000 nm were obtained. The values EE% of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. extract for PCE and PSE were 92.09% and 84.25%, respectively.
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Adler, S., und N. Zobel. „Assistenzsysteme für Instandhaltung in der Prozessindustrie“. wt Werkstattstechnik online 108, Nr. 03 (2018): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-03-56.
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Bei der Störungsbehebung verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen geht derzeit, unter anderem für das Zusammentragen von Dokumenten und das Nachfragen bei erfahrenen Mitarbeitern, viel Zeit verloren. Das wichtige Erfahrungswissen der Mitarbeiter aus Instandhaltung und Produktion ist enorm gefährdet, denn es ist bei Krankheit nicht verfügbar oder geht beim Ausscheiden aus dem Betrieb ganz verloren. Hier können Industrie 4.0-Lösungen helfen. Einen Beitrag dazu leistet ein Forschungskonsortium, bestehend aus dem Magdeburger Fraunhofer-Institut für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung IFF, der Procad GmbH & Co. KG, der Fasihi GmbH, der GESA Automation GmbH, der CeH4 technologies GmbH, der IPT Gesellschaft für Innovative Particle mbH, der Mitteldeutsches Bitumenwerk GmbH sowie der Robeta-Holz OHG.
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Dubrowska, Małgorzata. „„…Unscheinbarkeit und viel Erinnerung“: Gedächtnismedien in Bettina Spoerris Konzert für die Unerschrockenen (2013)“. Roczniki Humanistyczne 68, Nr. 5 (12.08.2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh20685-2.
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„…Niepozorność i wiele wspomnień”: Media pamięci w powieści Bettiny Spoerri Konzert für die Unerschrockenen (2013)W artykule ukazano proces rekonstrukcji historii rodzinnej w powieści Bettiny Spoerri Konzert für die Unerschrockenen [Koncert dla nieustraszonych], który uwidacznia się w strukturze narracyjnej poprzez zastosowanie różnych mediów pamięci. Centralne medium pamięci stanowi muzyka – dla narratorki to archiwum pamięci, zawarte m.in. w starych nagraniach, ale także we wspomnieniach koncertów i prywatnych występów Lei, głównej bohaterki powieści. Fotografie, obecne jako ekfrazy, stają się kolejnym istotnym medium pamięci, otwierającymi „okna czasu” (A. Overath). W artykule przywołane zostały w kontekście przemyśleń S. Sontag i R. Barthesa. Szeroko rozumiana sztuka (malarstwo M. Rothko, instalacje R. Horn, dramaty A. Czechowa) to kolejne medium pamięci, łącznik między teraźniejszością a przeszłością – światem, który już nie istnieje. Rekonstruowana historia jest częścią genealogii pisarki, należącej do trzeciego pokolenia post-Shoah.
„…Unscheinbarkeit und viel Erinnerung“: Gedächtnismedien in Bettina Spoerris Konzert für die Unerschrockenen (2013)In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird Bettina Spoerris Konzert für die Unerschrockenen im Kontext der im Roman rekonstruierten Familiengeschichte analysiert. In der narrativen Struktur des Romans werden Musik, Photographie, Literatur, Malerei und visuelle Kunst als Gedächtnismedien eingesetzt. Die Musik, die im Leben der Hauptfigur ‒ einer berühmten Cellistin ‒ zur absoluten Referenz wird, bildet das zentrale Erinnerungsarchiv im Roman. Dank der Strategie der ekphrastischen Beschreibungen alter Fotografien werden in der Geschichte etliche „Zeitfenster“ geöffnet (A. Overath). Im Text findet man auch die Spuren der Lektüre von R. Barthes‘ und S. Sontags Essays zur Fotografie. Als nächstes Gedächtnismedium gelten M. Rothkos Malerei, R. Horns Installationen und die Dramen A. Tschechows – sie werden zu einem wichtigen Bindeglied zwischen Gegenwart und Vergangenheit, zumal die rekonstruierte Geschichte ein Teil der Genealogie der Autorin ist, die der dritten Post-Shoah-Generation angehört.
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Márquez Estrada, José Wilson. „Modernización sobre Rieles. El Ferrocarril de Barranquilla y el Tranvía Eléctrico de Medellín. Dos Obras de Gran Impacto en el Proceso de Construcción de Ciudad:1870-1955“. Memorias 15 (03.05.2022): 126–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.15.124.5.
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Este artículo analiza el impacto modernizador de dos dispositivos de transporte masivo; el tranvía de Medellín y el ferrocarril de Barranquilla. Se analizan sus procesos de construcción y consolidación como sistemas de transporte y su efecto en el proceso de construcción de ciudad moderna en Medellín y Barranquilla respectivamente. Igualmente, se examinan su funcionamiento como proyectos empresariales y las diferentes circunstancias que lo llevaron a ser el eje del sistema vial en sus respectivas localidades y las crisis que finalmente producen su declive y su cierre. También se analizan las características históricas, económicas y sociales de estos dos centros urbanos, que gracias a diferentes experiencias modernizadoras y al compromiso de sus elites, se consolidaron como dos polos fundamentales de desarrollo comercial, industrial y cultural de la nación colombiana en la primera mitad del siglo XX.
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Liu, Yue, Andy Lin, Terrence R. Tiersch und William Todd Monroe. „A 3D Printed Vitrification Device for Storage in Cryopreservation Vials“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 17 (28.08.2021): 7977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177977.
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Sperm cryopreservation by vitrification is a promising approach for small-bodied animals such as zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, most vitrification tools adopted in aquatic research were initially designed for applications other than sperm (such as human embryo freezing) and, thus, pose challenges for adoption to sperm vitrification. Three-dimensional (3D) printing combined with open hardware sharing is an emerging strategy to address challenges in the development of cryopreservation tools. The goal of this study was to develop a 3D printed Vitrification Device for Cryo-Vials (VDCV) that can be integrated with the existing vial storage systems. The VDCV combined the vitrification and handling components to achieve functions of sample handling, vitrification, storage, and identification. The vitrification component featured a base, a stem, and a loop. A total of 36 configurations with various loop lengths (8, 10, and 12 mm); loop widths (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm); and support structures (open, transverse, and axial) of the VDCD prototypes were designed, fabricated, and tested. Device handling orientations (horizontal and vertical holding angles prior to and during freezing) were also investigated. Computer simulations estimated that the cooling rate of the samples ranged from 0.6–1.5 × 105 °C/min in all the configurations. Prior to freezing, loops with axial supports produced a minimum of 92% film retention. The overall trends of full vitrification occurrence were observed: horizontal plunging > vertical plunging, and axial support > transverse support and open loop. A loop length of 8 mm had the highest overall vitrification occurrence (86–100%). No significant differences (p = 0.6584) were shown in a volume capacity (5.7–6.0 µL) among the three supporting configurations. A single unit of VDCV can provide loading efficiencies of about 6 × 107 sperm/vial, pooling of samples from 3–6 males/vial, and fertilization for 1800 eggs/vial. The VDCV are low-cost (<$0.5 material cost per unit) and can be customized, standardized, securely labeled, and efficiently stored. The prototypes can be accessed by user communities through open-fabrication file sharing and fabricated with consumer-level 3D printers, thus facilitating community-level standardization.
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Gaja, Vijay, Jacqueline Cawthray, Clarence R. Geyer und Humphrey Fonge. „Production and Semi-Automated Processing of 89Zr Using a Commercially Available TRASIS MiniAiO Module“. Molecules 25, Nr. 11 (05.06.2020): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112626.
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The increased interest in 89Zr-labelled immunoPET imaging probes for use in preclinical and clinical studies has led to a rising demand for the isotope. The highly penetrating 511 and 909 keV photons emitted by 89Zr deliver an undesirably high radiation dose, which makes it difficult to produce large amounts manually. Additionally, there is a growing demand for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-grade radionuclides for clinical applications. In this study, we have adopted the commercially available TRASIS mini AllinOne (miniAiO) automated synthesis unit to achieve efficient and reproducible batches of 89Zr. This automated module is used for the target dissolution and separation of 89Zr from the yttrium target material. The 89Zr is eluted with a very small volume of oxalic acid (1.5 mL) directly over the sterile filter into the final vial. Using this sophisticated automated purification method, we obtained satisfactory amount of 89Zr in high radionuclidic and radiochemical purities in excess of 99.99%. The specific activity of three production batches were calculated and was found to be in the range of 1351–2323 MBq/µmol. ICP-MS analysis of final solutions showed impurity levels always below 1 ppm.
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Juckers, Alex, Petra Knerr, Frank Harms und Jochen Strube. „Advanced Process Analytical Technology in Combination with Process Modeling for Endpoint and Model Parameter Determination in Lyophilization Process Design and Optimization“. Processes 9, Nr. 9 (07.09.2021): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091600.
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Lyophilization is widely used in the preservation of thermolabile products. The main shortcoming is the long processing time. Lyophilization processes are mostly based on a recipe that is not changed, but, with the Quality by Design (QbD) approach and use of Process Analytical Technology (PAT), the process duration can be optimized for maximum productivity while ensuring product safety. In this work, an advanced PAT approach is used for the endpoint determination of primary drying. Manometric temperature measurement (MTM) and comparative pressure measurement are used to determine the endpoint of the batch while a modeling approach is outlined that is able to calculate the endpoint of every vial in the batch. This approach can be used for process development, control and optimization.
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Miere (Groza), Florina, Alin Cristian Teușdea, Vasile Laslo, Simona Cavalu, Luminița Fritea, Luciana Dobjanschi, Mihaela Zdrinca et al. „Evaluation of In Vitro Wound-Healing Potential, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Stellaria media (L.) Vill“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 23 (05.12.2021): 11526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311526.
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The healing of skin wounds remains an important concern in medicine, especially in chronic wounds caused by various diseases such as diabetes. Using herbs or herbal products to heal skin wounds is a therapeutic challenge for traditional medicine. In this context, the main aim of our work was to highlight the in vitro healing potential of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (SM) extract using the scratch assay on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). The ability to stimulate cell migration and proliferation under the influence of different concentrations of SM extract (range between 12.5 and 200 µg/mL) was determined compared to the control (untreated in vitro-simulated wound) and positive control (allantoin 50 µg/mL). Our results showed that the concentration of 100 µg/mL SM extract applied on the simulated wound recorded the strongest and fastest (24 h) migration (with wound closure) and proliferation of NHDF compared with the control. In addition, the SM extract was characterized in terms of bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids content), antioxidant capacity (FRAP (The Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power) assay and electrochemical method), and antimicrobial activity. The results show that the SM extract contains a considerable amount of polyphenols (17.19 ± 1.32 mg GAE/g dw and 7.28 ± 1.18 mg QE/g dw for total phenol and flavonoid content, respectively) with antioxidant capacity. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) is higher than E. coli at a dose of 15 µg/mL. This study showed that Stellaria media is a source of polyphenols compounds with antioxidant capacity, and for the first time, its wound healing potential was emphasized.
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Chernonosov, Alexander, Liliya Aksenova und Vladimir Koval. „The Development of a Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Apixaban Quantification in Dried Plasma Spots in Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mode“. Processes 9, Nr. 3 (02.03.2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030450.
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This work aimed at developing and validating a rapid, sensitive, and robust method of liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) in parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode for apixaban quantification in dried plasma spots (DPSs) with a simple extraction procedure. A 25 µL sample of human plasma was placed onto Whatman 903 Protein Saver Cards and allowed to dry; 3.2 mm diameter disks were cut out from DPSs using a puncher, and 100 µL of a working internal standard solution was added to each sample. After this, they were vortexed on a shaker for 15 min at 800 rpm and 40 °C and quick centrifugation (10,000× g, 10 s), and then the extracts were transferred into a 300 µL vial for LC–HRMS. Data were acquired in PRM mode via detection of all target product ions with 10 ppm tolerance. Total analysis time was 5 min. The LC–HRMS method was validated for the 10–400 ng/mL range with R2 > 0.99. Within this range, intra- and interday variability of precision and accuracy was <10%, and recovery was 69.7–85.1%. Apixaban was stable after brief storage at room temperature, and at 4 °C for up to a month. The method development and validation results proved that this LC–HRMS assay of apixaban in DPSs is selective and robust.
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Pradhan, Sushobhan, Sage Counts, Charissa Enget und Prem Kumar Bikkina. „Effect of Wettability on Vacuum-Driven Bubble Nucleation“. Processes 10, Nr. 6 (27.05.2022): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061073.
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Nucleation is the formation of a new phase that has the ability to irreversibly and spontaneously grow into a large-sized nucleus within the body of a metastable parent phase. In this experimental work, the effect of wettability on the incipiation of vacuum-driven bubble nucleation, boiling, and the consequent rate of evaporative cooling are studied. One hydrophilic (untreated), and three hydrophobic (chlorinated polydimethylsiloxane, chlorinated fluoroalkylmethylsiloxane and (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)triethoxysilane) glass vials of different wettabilities were filled with degassed deionized water and exposed to a controlled vacuum inside a transparent desiccator. The vacuum was increased by 34 mbar abs. (1 inHg rel.) steps with 15-min waiting period to observe bubble nucleation. The average onset pressures for gas/vapor bubble nucleation in CM, CF, and HT vials were 911 ± 30, 911 ± 34, and 925 ± 17 mbar abs., respectively. Bubble nucleation was not observed in hydrophilic vial even at 65 mbar abs. pressure. During the vacuum boiling at 65 mbar abs., the average temperatures of water in hydrophilic, CM, CF, and HT vials reduced from room temperature (~22.5 °C) to 15.2 ± 0.9, 13.1 ± 0.9, 12.9 ± 0.5, and 11.2 ± 0.3 °C, respectively. The results of this study show that the wettability of the container surface has a strong influence on the onset vacuum for vapor/gas bubble nucleation, rate of vacuum boiling, and evaporative cooling. These findings are expected to be useful to develop wettability-based vacuum boiling technologies.
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Xu, Xingchen, Xingguang Geng, Zhixing Gao, Hao Yang, Zhiwei Dai und Haiying Zhang. „Optimal Heart Sound Segmentation Algorithm Based on K-Mean Clustering and Wavelet Transform“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 2 (15.01.2023): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021170.
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The accurate localization of S1 and S2 is essential for heart sound segmentation and classification. However, current direct heart sound segmentation algorithms have poor noise immunity and low accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a new optimal heart sound segmentation algorithm based on K-means clustering and Haar wavelet transform. The algorithm includes three parts. Firstly, this method uses the Viola integral method and Shannon’s energy-based algorithm to extract the function of the envelope of the heart sound energy. Secondly, the time–frequency domain features of the acquired envelope are extracted from different dimensions and the optimal peak is searched adaptively based on a dynamic segmentation threshold. Finally, K-means clustering and Haar wavelet transform are implemented to localize S1 and S2 of heart sounds in the time domain. After validation, the recognition rate of S1 reached 98.02% and that of S2 reached 96.76%. The model outperforms other effective methods that have been implemented. The algorithm has high robustness and noise immunity. Therefore, it can provide a new method for feature extraction and analysis of heart sound signals collected in clinical settings.
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Dostatni, Ewa, Filip Osiński und Anna Karwasz. „Emissions of Volatile Compounds and Solids during Additive Manufacturing by the FFF Method“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 11 (23.05.2023): 6371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116371.
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The rapid development of the additive manufacturing industry is a great opportunity both for the development of the industry in the context of rapid prototyping and for hobbyists using 3D printers at home. At the same time, such a rapid technological development poses a significant challenge for specialists dealing with sources of pollutant emissions to the environment as well as for Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) specialists dealing with the assessment of chemical hazards in the workplace. In this article, the authors demonstrate the legitimacy of the concern regarding issues relating to emissions from the 3D printing process, in particular FFF (fused filament fabrication). We carried out tests on the emission of volatile organic compounds from the printer chamber and compared them with the results of analyses conducted for the same materials in laboratory conditions by heating in a vial. They showed that the spectrometric analysis differed in both cases, which proved a clear influence of the parameters of additive manufacturing on both the amount and type of the emitted substances. The article also presents the sizes and shapes of the solid particles emitted during the process and aggregated during pollutant analyses.
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Seul, Tae Woong, Jong Heon Park, Jae Young Kim und Hwa Jung Ryu. „Efficacy Assessment of a Pulsed-Type Bipolar Radiofrequency Microneedling Device for Treating Facial Acne Vulgaris Using a Skin-Color Imaging System: A Pilot Study“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 4 (07.02.2023): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042114.
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Facial acne vulgaris with post-inflammatory erythema is one of the most common problems encountered in dermatologic clinics. It can leave hypertrophic scars and cause psychological problems. Thus, effective therapeutic interventions are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a pulsed-type bipolar radiofrequency (RF) device for treating acne and post-inflammatory erythema. Eighteen patients who had been diagnosed with acne underwent three sessions of bipolar RF treatment at 4 week intervals. Efficacy was assessed based on the number of acne lesions and the total area of lesions. Acne lesion count and area were determined by color correction using the Viola–Jones algorithm after converting the photos into a CIELAB image and extracting the area higher than the erythema threshold from the A* channel. Most patients showed significant clinical improvement after the treatments. Acne lesion counts of the forehead, left malar, right malar, and total areas of the left malar and right malar were decreased significantly after sessions (all p < 0.05). Adverse effects such as pinpoint bleeding and pain were noted. However, they were transient and not severe enough to stop treatment. Thus, such pulsed-type bipolar radiofrequency microneedling is a safe and effective treatment for acne and post-inflammatory erythema.
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Rodriguez-Guillen, Reinier, John Kern und Claudio Urrea. „Fast Rock Detection in Visually Contaminated Mining Environments Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 2 (15.01.2024): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020731.
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Advances in machine learning algorithms have allowed object detection and classification to become booming areas. The detection of objects, such as rocks, in mining operations is affected by fog, snow, suspended particles, and high lighting. These environmental conditions can stop the development of mining work, which entails a considerable increase in operating costs. It is vital to select a machine learning algorithm that is accurate, fast, and contributes to lower operational costs because of the aforementioned environmental situations. In this study, the Viola-Jones algorithm, Aggregate Channel Features (ACF), Faster Regions with Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN), Single-Shot Detector (SSD), and You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 4 were analyzed, considering the precision metrics, recall, AP50, and average detection time. In our preliminary tests, we have observed that the differences between YOLO v4 and the latest versions are not substantial for the specific problem of rock detection addressed in our article. Therefore, YOLO v4 is an appropriate and representative choice for evaluating the effectiveness of existing methods in our study. The YOLO v4 algorithm performed the best overall, whereas the SSD algorithm performed the fastest. The results indicate that the YOLO v4 algorithm is a promising candidate for detecting rocks with visual contamination in mining operations.
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Shah, Nilay, und Julia Selich-Anderson. „2139“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.205.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: (1) Correlate PBX1 mRNA expression as measured by RNAScope in situ hybridization, at an RNA number/cell measurement, Versus by RT-qPCR by the ddCt method. (2) Validate PBX1 mRNA expression in a second independent cohort of neuroblastoma tumor samples, and correlate with patient outcomes. We expect that PBX1 expression will correlate whether detected by RNAScope or by RT-qPCR. This work has the promise of validating a novel biomarker of disease severity, and for clinical translation as the RNAscope technology has been CLIA-certified for clinical use for other genes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Primary neuroblastoma tumor samples were acquired through the Children’s Oncology Group Tumor Bank, The Cooperative Human Tissue Network Tumor bank, and the Westmeade Tumor Bank (Westmeade, Australia), with patient outcomes annotated but sequestered until experiments are completed. RT-qPCR is performed using 1 μg total RNA isolated from each sample by Nucleospin RNA kit (Clontech), reverse transcribed by SuperScript VILO (ThermoFisher Scientific) and amplified using KiCqSTART SYBR Green qPCR mix (Sigma Aldrich). RNAScope was performed on sections of fresh frozen tumor, in triplicate, per manufacturer protocol (ACDBio) using company-designed probes. Statistical analyses performed using GraphPad Prism5. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: PBX1 mRNA expression as measured RNAScope correlated well with matched RT-qPCR values, with most PBX1 transcripts identified within the malignant cells and not in tumor stroma. Correlation with patient outcomes is ongoing (expected to be available at the time of presentation), but as the RNAScope values correlate with R>0.9 with RT-qPCR values, we expect good correlation with outcomes in our primary data set and matching validation set. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: PBX1 mRNA expression is an accurate prognostic biomarker of outcome in low and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma, and testing on an additional validation set is planned based on thresholds established by RNAScope. RNAScope is a method readily translatable to clinical use and its inclusion in future clinical trials will be further studied. It provides an additional benefit that concomitant immunohistochemistry can also be performed. Analysis of high-risk neuroblastomas for responsiveness to retinoic acid based on PBX1 expression is planned.
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Frantz, Jonathan M., James C. Locke, Dharmalingam S. Pitchay und Charles R. Krause. „Actual Performance versus Theoretical Advantages of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel throughout Bedding Plant Production“. HortScience 40, Nr. 7 (Dezember 2005): 2040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2040.
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An appropriate blend of growing media components increases water holding capacity and reduces irrigation frequency. Synthetic commercial materials, referred to as hydrogels, have remarkable hydrating properties, but can add significantly (about 15%) to the cost of growing media. The literature generally states that the physical characteristics of hydrogels, such as polyacrylamide (PAM), are altered by the presence of divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+). Few studies, however, have simultaneously investigated plant growth and development and media characteristics on a daily basis throughout plant production. Thus, the mechanisms explaining the reported beneficial and/or detrimental effects from PAM incorporation remain hidden. In this study, canopy ground cover of two species [pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams) and new guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri Bull)] was measured daily, from transplanting to marketable size, using digital imaging to determine growth differences of plants grown in media containing different amounts of PAM. Media water content was determined with time-domain reflectance probes every 10 minutes in media treatments. Total number of irrigation events, time between irrigation events, root development after 4 and 8 weeks of growth, flower number, flower longevity, and dry masses of the shoot were also measured. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant structural differences in hydrated PAM depending on water quality. The pansy canopy coverage was significantly greater with hydrogels, and root growth early in production was enhanced with PAM. No such effect was observed for new guinea impatiens. Total flower numbers and flower longevity of new guinea impatiens decreased with increasing amount of PAM (16.7% or higher) in the media. PAM incorporation reduced the need for irrigation early in production for both species, but by the end of production, those new guinea impatiens plants were smaller (less shoot dry mass) and required irrigation as often as plants grown without PAM. This effect coincided with reduced media volume, air capacity, and total porosity in PAM-containing media. Theoretical analysis of the potential benefits from hydrogels confirms the potential benefit early in production with little to no benefit later in production and in post-production. These data will assist growers in determining if the benefits derived from the use of PAM justify the added cost of medium.
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Carrasco, Yvette, Amanda Chargin, Haitham Mirghani und Bruce Kendrick Patterson. „Comparison of HPV E6,E7 mRNA/PD-L1 assay using flow cytometry and p16 IHC expression in oral cancer samples.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, Nr. 5_suppl (10.02.2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.114.
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114 Background: Research into causality of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has found a link to HPV infections affiliated with better survival than tobacco associated HNSCC. Currently, p16 immunohistochemistry is used as a predictive biomarker for HPV infection in HNSCC. We were interested in looking at an additional biomarker, HPV E6,E7 mRNA overexpression by flow cytometry, to see if it correlated with p16 status. Each test looks at a different marker of HPV infection, p16 as a surrogate of E7 activity, and E6,E7 mRNA overexpression as a marker of transcriptionally active and integrated virus. Currently p16 positive samples are confirmed with an ISH assay. Additionally, we looked at the PD-L1 expression in these tumors to see if it correlated with HPV mRNA overexpression. Advances in immuno-oncology have brought immunotherapy to the forefront of cancer treatment including HNSCC. Methods: Swabs were collected from Institut Gustave Roussy patients with lesions of the oral pharynx. Swabs were placed into a vial with a proprietary fixation solution and shipped overnight for processing. Upon receipt, samples were passed through a 35 uM filter to remove aggregates. Cells underwent in situ hybridization with E6, E7 mRNA probes (HPV OncoTect), were labeled with PD-L1 Ab, and then stained with a cell cycle dye identify single nucleated cells prior to analysis on the flow cytometer. FFPE biopsy tissue of the lesion was tested with p16 IHC. Positive samples were confirmed by ISH. Results: We analyzed samples from 27 patients with oral cancer with the combined E6, E7 mRNA/PD-L1 assay by flow cytometry and p16/ISH. Concordance between HPV E6,E7 mRNA positive results and p16 positive confirmed by ISH was 74%. Interestingly, PD-L1 expression was seen only in samples without HPV infection (according to HPV E6,E7 mRNA flow result). Samples are still being accrued and updated data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Here we report a novel assay to quantify both HPV E6, E7 mRNA and PD-L1 simultaneously in single cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, the ability to characterize both E6,E7 mRNA expression and PD-L1 in one test can provide clinicians with insight into treatment options.
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Pirnar, Žan, Miha Finžgar und Primož Podržaj. „Performance Evaluation of rPPG Approaches with and without the Region-of-Interest Localization Step“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 8 (13.04.2021): 3467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083467.
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Traditionally, the first step in physiological measurements based on remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is localizing the region of interest (ROI) that contains a desired pulsatile information. Recently, approaches that do not require this step have been proposed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of selected approaches with and without ROI localization step in rPPG signal extraction. The Viola-Jones face detector and Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi tracker (VK) in combination with (a) a region-of-interest (ROI) cropping, (b) facial landmarks, (c) skin-color segmentation, and (d) skin detection based on maximization of mutual information and an approach without ROI localization step (Full Video Pulse (FVP)) were studied. Final rPPG signals were extracted using selected model-based and data-driven rPPG algorithms. The performance of the approaches was tested on three publicly available data sets offering compressed and uncompressed video recordings covering various scenarios. The success rates of pulse waveform signal extraction range from 88.37% (VK with skin-color segmentation) to 100% (FVP). In challenging scenarios (skin tone, lighting conditions, exercise), there were no statistically significant differences between the studied approaches in terms of SNR. The best overall performance in terms of RMSE was achieved by a combination of VK with ROI cropping and the model-based rPPG algorithm. Results indicate that the selection of the ROI localization approach does not significantly affect rPPG measurements if combined with a robust algorithm for rPPG signal extraction.
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Alexopoulos, John D., Spyridon Dilalos, Nicholas Voulgaris, Vasileios Gkosios, Ioannis-Konstantinos Giannopoulos, Vasilis Kapetanidis und George Kaviris. „The Contribution of Near-Surface Geophysics for the Site Characterization of Seismological Stations“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 8 (14.04.2023): 4932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084932.
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The Athenet network is the network of the Seismological Laboratory of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. We present the geophysical investigation that has been carried out at six seismological stations of the Athenet network for their site characterization. More specifically, at the location of each seismological station, four geophysical methods have been carried out: Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT), Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique, and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). The applied geophysical survey provided important information regarding the site characterization at the selected seismological stations, including key parameters such as the fundamental frequency fo, the shear-wave velocity VS, the average shear-wave velocity for the upper 30 m depth (VS30), the seismic bedrock depth, the soil type, and the subsurface geology. Moreover, selected elastic moduli (Poisson’s ratio, shear, bulk, and Young moduli) have been calculated. The site characterization information contributes to the determination of the amplification factors for each site that can lead to more accurate calculation of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) or Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) and, therefore, trustworthy Probabilistic and Stochastic Seismic Hazard Assessments. The derived fundamental frequency for the seismological stations of VILL, LOUT, THAL, and EPID have been determined to be equal to 10.4, 2.7, 1.4, and 7.1 Hz and their amplification factors to be 1.9, 3.1, 1.7, and 2.6, respectively. For stations MDRA and ATAL, these parameters could not be determined.
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Varnasseri, Mehrvash, Howbeer Muhamadali, Yun Xu, Paul I. C. Richardson, Nick Byrd, David I. Ellis, Pavel Matousek und Royston Goodacre. „Portable through Bottle SORS for the Authentication of Extra Virgin Olive Oil“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 18 (09.09.2021): 8347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188347.
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The authenticity of olive oil has been a significant long-term challenge. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the most desirable of these products and commands a high price, thus unscrupulous individuals often alter its quality by adulteration with a lower grade oil. Most analytical methods employed for the detection of food adulteration require sample collection and transportation to a central laboratory for analysis. We explore the use of portable conventional Raman and spatially-offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) technologies as non-destructive approaches to assess the adulteration status of EVOO quantitatively and for SORS directly through the original container, which means that after analysis the bottle is intact and the oil would still be fit for use. Three sample sets were generated, each with a different adulterant and varying levels of chemical similarity to EVOO. These included EVOO mixed with sunflower oil, pomace olive oil, or refined olive oil. Authentic EVOO samples were stretched/diluted from 0% to 100% with these adulterants and measured using two handheld Raman spectrometers (excitation at 785 or 1064 nm) and handheld SORS (830 nm). The PCA scores plots displayed clear trends which could be related to the level of adulteration for all three mixtures. Conventional Raman (at 785 or 1064 nm) and SORS (at 830 nm with a single spatial offset) conducted in sample vial mode resulted in prediction errors for the test set data ranging from 1.9–4.2% for sunflower oil, 6.5–10.7% for pomace olive oil and 8.0–12.8% for refined olive oil; with the limit of detection (LOD) typically being 3–12% of the adulterant. Container analysis using SORS produced very similar results: 1.4% for sunflower, 4.9% for pomace, and 10.1% for refined olive oil, with similar LODs ranging from 2–14%. It can be concluded that Raman spectroscopy, including through-container analysis using SORS, has significant potential as a rapid and accurate analytical method for the non-destructive detection of adulteration of extra virgin olive oil.
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Anderson Ise, Orobor, und Ojo Omokhafue Sophia. „LOW COST APPROACH TO SECURED STUDENT ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT“. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, Nr. 3 (01.07.2022): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i03.043.
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In every setting where attendance is important, a system for managing attendance is a crucial tool. Several works exist in automated attendance management systems however, most of the approaches come with a lot of weakness and relatively high operational costs. These include additional hardware installations, less secure, and most critical, not efficient in handling large target/classroom populations. This paper identifies some weaknesses of the most popular approach used in developing student attendance management systems. Hence, develop a low-cost and secured student attendance management system using face recognition and GPS location that can be provisioned as a cloud application and accessible using any internet-enabled mobile device. Using this approach, the student can only clock-in attendance within the stipulated lecture time using their face and must be within the lecture venue coordinates. The proposed system was developed with python using the Django framework. It uses Viola-Jones Algorithm and face recognition API for face detection and recognition respectively. The system was deployed and tested on AWS EC2. The results showed that the system could be adopted by institutions or organisations having large classroom populations that desire to take attendance more efficiently with less cost.
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Andersen, Rikke Fredslund, und Niels Pallisgaard. „Exceeding MR5.0 Sensitivity in Routine BCR-ABL1 Analysis Using Multiplex Digital PCR“. Blood 124, Nr. 21 (06.12.2014): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4540.4540.
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Abstract Objectives and background: Clinical studies are currently initiated where treatment of CML patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is stopped. One of the main criteria for patients to be eligible for these studies is that they must have achieved a molecular response of MR4.0. However, in order to obtain a reliable molecular measurement at the MR4.0 sensitivity level a higher sensitivity is needed in the analysis. We have tested a multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) approach in order to obtain reliable measurements at the MR5.0 level. When using a standard laboratory protocol with three reference genes and singleplex qPCR, only ¼ of the sample is tested for BCR-ABL1 transcripts. By using multiplex PCR the entire sample can be tested. The advantage of ddPCR is that an absolute concentration is measured and there is no need for calibration or standardisation of the analysis. Methods: Blood samples stabilized in Paxgene tubes from 36 CML patients were used for the study. Samples were analysed according to the standard laboratory protocol with qPCR using B2M, BCR and GUSB as reference genes. For the study presented here RNA was purified from 5 million cells using the QiaSymphony RNA kit (Qiagen). 2.5 ug of RNA was used for cDNA synthesis using SuperScript VILO cDNA synthesis kit (LifeTechnologies). Samples were analysed with multiplex dd PCR on the QX100 system (Biorad). The WHO reference genes BCR and GUSB were used as reference. Eight wells were analysed for BCR-ABL1 (FAM labelled probe). Four of the wells were also analysed for BCR and four were analysed for GUSB (HEX labelled probes). Results: The median number of GUSB transcripts in the samples was 605,000 copies (range 195,520-934,400). According to the EUTOS “Working definitions of Molecular Response in CML” (ref), MR5.0 sensitivity is obtained when analysing 240,000 GUSB transcripts. All samples except one were above this level. MR5.5 is obtained when analysing 759,000 GUSB transcripts and 20% of the samples (7/36) reached this level. The ddPCR results were compared to the qPCR results and a high concordance was seen in the positive samples (r2=0.94). 21 samples were positive by qPCR, and an additional 4 samples were positive by ddPCR. Conclusions: Using the multiplex ddPCR protocol developed 97% of the analysed samples had a sensitivity of MR5.0 or better. Compared to the labs routine qPCR protocol 20% more samples were found positive with ddPCR. Due to the multiplex set-up of the ddPCR the entire cDNA sample can be tested for BCR-ABL1 transcripts. Contrary to qPCR there is no need for calibration of the ddPCR analysis and the method has potential for routine use when a high sensitivity is needed. References: “Working definitions of Molecular Response in CML”, EUTOS Molecular Monitoring Steering Group, Nick Cross, Martin Müller, Fabrizio Pane, Andreas Hochhaus, November 2013. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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David, Claire. „Les traces de la colère : la culture du viol en procès dans la littérature québécoise“. Revue critique de fixxion française contemporaine, Nr. 26 (15.06.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/fixxion.10750.
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Emonot, Rose, und Antoine Follain. „Présentation du procès pour viol fait à Jehan Waulthier dans la prévôté de Châtenois en 1552“. Criminocorpus, revue hypermédia, 25.05.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/criminocorpus.13081.
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Kyncl, Vojtěch. „« Le dernier procès allemand pour crimes de guerre » : L'ancien officier SS Julius Viel et le procès de Ravensburg d’avril 2001 comme événement médiatique“. Criminocorpus, revue hypermédia, Nr. 22 (29.03.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/criminocorpus.12776.
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Golub, Aleksander, und Roland Pittman. „Barometric Calibration of Luminescent Oxygen Probes“. FASEB Journal 30, S1 (April 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.724.6.
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The invention of the Phosphorescence Quenching Method for the measurement of oxygen concentration in blood and tissue revolutionized physiological studies of oxygen transport in living organisms. Since the pioneering publication by Vanderkooi and Wilson in 1987, many researchers have contributed to the measurement of oxygen in the microcirculation, oxygen imaging in tissues and microvessels and to the development of new extracellular and intracellular phosphorescent probes. However, there is a problem of congruency in data from different laboratories, because of inter‐laboratory variability of the calibration coefficients in the Stern ‐ Volmer equation. Published data (9 sources) for a common oxygen probe Pd‐porphyrin + BSA have CV = 9.6%, due to differences in the calibration techniques used. These are methods for the formation of oxygen standards via chemical titration, calibrated gas mixtures and an oxygen electrode. Each method in turn also needs calibration. We have designed a barometric method for calibration of oxygen probes by using a regulated vacuum chamber and manometer to set multiple PO2 standards. The method is fast, accurate and can be applied to biological fluids sampled during or after an experiment. Calibration over the full physiological PO2 range (1–120 mmHg) takes about 15 min and requires 1–2 mg of probe.A sample of probe solution was placed on a cotton membrane inside an evacuated vial. The vial was fixed in a thermostated (37±0.1 °C) well with the membrane in a mid‐plane position, at the intersection of the perpendicular excitation and emission optical pathways. The probe was excited by a brief light pulse (1μs duration, 410 nm) from a high power diode. The emitted phosphorescence (620–750 nm) was detected by a Hamamatsu Photosensor module and recorded by a computer at 500 kS/s with 12‐bit resolution. The excitation flash rate was 100 s−1 and 1000 decay curves were collected for 10 s for each PO2. Standard PO2's in a vial were created by a vacuum pump, equipped with a regulator and a pressure filter and was set by a precision digital manometer (PO2 error 0.1 mmHg). The necessary correction was made for atmospheric pressure. When the pressure was changed to a higher or lower PO2 standard, the probe in the membrane equilibrated with the air in the vial with a time constant of 1.5 s, so a 10 s time interval was used before starting data acquisition. Recorded phosphorescence decay curves were analyzed with non‐linear fitting to two different models of decays to determine the exponential decay constants. It turned out that, even in the absence of oxygen gradients and at PO2= 0, the phosphorescence decay of conjugated Pd‐porphyrin was heterogeneous, and it was fitted well by a heterogeneous model. Application of a monoexponential model was possible only for the initial segment of the decay curve or for its tail. This property did not introduce a distortion in the PO2 measurement, if there is no “fitting delay.” A heterogeneous model fit the entire curve and was not sensitive to a delay. Thus, for consistency the experimental and calibration decay curves must be processed by exactly the same procedure. The equation of translation between data obtained with different calibration coefficients was derived for an accurate comparison of results from different laboratories.
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Plas, Pascal. „L’intime livre au public. Recit des exactions contre les femmes dans les proces de guerre“. Revista Psicologia e Saúde, 02.07.2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20435/pssa.v6i1.337.
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Les conflits dans l’ex Yougoslavie, de même que la guerre civile au Rwanda ont joué un rôle clef dans la prise de
conscience des exactions commises contre les femmes, en particulier les « viols de guerre ». Dans les deux cas
c’est l’existence de juridictions pénales internationales qui a permis, étayé et renforcé l’émergence rapide de la
parole des victimes à la différence de ce que l’on observe pour celles des deux guerres mondiales. C’est à cet aspect
particulier qu’est consacré le texte qui suit. Après un retour et une mise au point sur l’évolution du cadre normatif
de la possibilité du récit des exactions – droit international, structures judiciaires -- une analyse des formes même du
récit des victimes sera menée dans le nouveau contexte de la Justice Pénale Internationale ainsi que dans les espaces
d’expression conjoints (enquêtes, récits personnels, récits donnés aux ONG, aux cinéastes documentaristes).
L’approche de cet intime livré au public conduira s’interroger aussi sur la valeur et la portée de ces dires, sur leur
impact réparateur et reconstructeur mais aussi sur leurs limites, sur les silences et les impossibilités de mise en mots.
Mots-clés : Violence; Viols; Justice Pénale Internationale (JPJ); Témoignages.
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Zapperi, Stefano, und Michael Zaiser. „Critical Beha vior of a Depinning Dislocation“. MRS Proceedings 652 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-652-y7.2.
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ABSTRACTThe dynamics of dislocations at yield can be understood within the framew ork of the depinning transition of elastic manifolds in random media. Close to the threshold stress for their long-range motion, the geometry and dynamics of dislocations are characterized by a set of critical exponents. We consider a single flexible dislocation gliding through a random stress field, taking in to account long-range self stresses, and estimate the critical stress where depinning takes place. Simulations of a discretized lattice model confirm the analytical estimate and yield numerical values of the critical exponents which are in agreement with theoretical predictions for an elastic string mo ving on a plane.
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„Cour d’appel de Mons, 7 janvier 2020“. Forum de l’assurance N° 211, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/foas.211.0029.
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Rien n’empêche un assureur en conflit avec son assuré d’avoir recours à un détective pour réunir les éléments de preuve à l’appui de la thèse qu’il défend. Le travail du détective doit respecter les dispositions de l’article 8 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme, la loi du 19 juillet 1991 et la loi du 8 décembre 1992 (désormais remplacée par la loi du 30 juillet 2018). Le simple fait que la prise de vue ait été effectuée sur un terrain privé depuis la voie publique, de sorte que l’article 5 de la loi du 19 juillet 1991 ait été violé, ne compromet pas le droit à un procès équitable, n’entache pas la fiabilité de la preuve et ne méconnait pas une formalité prescrite à peine de nullité. La cour estime en l’espèce qu’il n’y a pas lieu d’écarter un rapport de détective privé auquel les parties ont pu réagir au stade de l’expertise et qui ne fait du reste que corroborer les constatations antérieures de l’expert et de son sapiteur.
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Claussen, Jonathan, David Marshall Porterfield und Timothy Fisher. „Biosensor Capture Kinetics Model of Nanocube-Augmented Carbon Nanotube Networks“. MRS Proceedings 1236 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1236-ss05-07.
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AbstractAu-coated Pd (Au/Pd) nanocubes (˜250 nm in width) connected via a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been employed as an electrochemical biosensor. As previously reported, these in situ Au/Pd nanocube SWCNT networks are capable of ultrasensitive amperometric sensing of glucose, with a sensitivity, detection limit, and linear sensing range greater than similar CNT-based glucose biosensors. The 3D mass diffusion of glucose molecules to the Au/Pd nanocube surfaces, forced convection environment of the testing vial, and Brownian motion of the Au/Pd nanocubes are all likely factors contributing to the strong electrochemical performance of the Au/Pd-SWCNT biosensor. In an effort to elucidate the effects of these contributing factors, this work demonstrates an analytical biosensor capture kinetics model that analyzes the analyte-biosensor mass transfer by molecular diffusion and convection due to both the fluid motion within the test vial and the Brownian motion of the Au/Pd nanocubes themselves.The biosensor capture kinetics model incorporates a quasi steady-state integrated incident flux equation to model mass diffusion of biomolecules to the surface of a 1D planar, 2D nanowire, and 3D nanosphere surface in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates respectively. A Burgers vortex model is introduced to analyze the biosensor diffusion boundary layer within a test vial that experiences fluid downwelling and upwelling within the vial center and boundaries due to the rotation of a magnetic stir bar. Finally the convection-diffusion equation simplified by Stokes flow is utilized to model the diffusion boundary layer of the Au/Pd nanocubes experiencing Brownian motion.Several key conclusions can be interfered from this model. First, a biosensor experiencing 3D mass diffusion will exhibit a greater analyte concentration flux of at least one order of magnitude greater than a biosensor experiencing 2D diffusion and 1D mass diffusion in quiescent and convective fluid environments. Additionally, mass transfer by convection increases the concentration flux to the biosensor by inhibiting the continued advancement of the analyte depletion layer around the biosensor. Furthermore, the Brownian motion model of the Au/Pd nanocubes is shown to improve the mass transfer to the biosensor surface, portraying a substantial increase in amperometric current signal output as compared to a similar electrochemical-based biosensor with stationary Au/Pd nanocubes. In summary, the results of the biosensor capture kinetics model corroborate the high sensitivities and low detection limits previously observed experimentally by Au/Pd nanocube-SWCNT biosensors.
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Sapalidis, P., D. Dodou, P. Hähner, M. Zaiser und E. C. Aifan tis. „Fluctuation-Induced Nucleation of PLC Bands“. MRS Proceedings 652 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-652-y8.26.
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ABSTRACTThe inuence of mesoscopic strain-rate uctuations on the n ucleation of localized deformation bands (PLC bands) in dynamically strain ageing materials is discussed. It is shown that uctuations ma y lead to a macroscopic localization of plastic ow even if linear stability analysis (LSA) of the macroscopic constitutiv e equations predicts stable deformation beha vior. The resulting quantitative corrections to linear stability analysis are evaluated, and implications for the reliabilit y of LSA results are discussed.
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Scholz, C., und P. Ehrhart. „F-Centers and Oxygen-Interstitials in MgO“. MRS Proceedings 279 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-279-427.
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ABSTRACTMgO single crystals have been irradiated at different temperatures (4 K, 300 K) with electrons of energies varying between 0.3 and 3 MeV. The irradiation induced defects and their reactions during thermal annealing have been investigated by optical absorption spectroscopy and by X-ray diffraction. The relaxation volume (Viel ≈ 1 at.vol. = a3/8) and the migration energy of the interstitial atoms (≈ 1.6 eV) are determined and an ionization induced and thermally assisted migration process is observed for the first time. The relevance of these results for the understanding of the cascade damage observed after neutron- or ion-damage is discussed.
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Kanare, Howard M. „Preparation and Characterization of Three New NBS Fly Ash Standard Reference Materials“. MRS Proceedings 65 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-65-159.
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Three new fly ash standard reference materials (SRM's) have been produced by CTL under contract with the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Each unit of the SRM's consists of approximately ten grams of well-blended fly ash hermetically sealed in a glass vial. Twenty-thousand vials of each SRM were produced. The SRM's will be certified for major and minor chemical elements, loss on ignition, and for the percentage residue on the No. 325 standard sieve. The SRM's are suitable for use in developing new methods of chemical and physical analysis, for checking the performance of instruments and analysts, and for research into the composition and properties of fly ash.
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Yamamoto, Takao A., Takashi Nakagawa, Satoshi Seino und Hiroaki Nitani. „Bimetallic Nanoparticles of PtCu and PtNi; Synthesis and CO Oxidation Catalysis“. MRS Proceedings 1217 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1217-y08-03.
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AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles of PtCu and PtNi supported on iron oxide particles were synthesized by a new method employing a 4.8-MeV electron beam as a trigger for reduction of their aqueous ions, and their CO oxidation catalysis was evaluated to find activities enhanced by the alloying. Sample materials of PtCu (PtNi) bimetallic grains supported on γ-Fe2O3 particles were synthesized by irradiating with the electron beam a glass vial containing precursors in an aqueous solution. The vial contains aqueous ions of platinum and copper (nickel) and γ-Fe2O3 particles of average size of 30 nm. The irradiation induces water radiolysis generating reducing species, such as hydrated electrons, and metallic nanograins are formed and stabilized on the support material. The irradiation was finished in several seconds without using any organic solvent and any surfactant. The average grain sizes observed with a TEM were around 3 nm in diameter. XRD patterns of PtCu samples exhibited the FCC structure with peak shifts obeying the Vegard’s law at low Cu concentrations. X-ray absorption spectra measured at edges of the constituent elements indicated that Pt is in the metallic state and coordinates certainly with Cu or Ni. Catalytic activity of CO oxidation of the material was evaluated by measuring residual CO contents in air in contact with the sample material by using a gas-chromatograph. The activities of the PtCu and PtNi samples were higher than that of monolithic Pt on γ-Fe2O3. The correlation between the atomic structure in these nanograins and their activities was investigated, which indicated that the random alloy enhances the activity. These bimetallic nanoparticles are expected as catalysts for preferential oxidation of CO in hydrogen gas fed to fuel cells.
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Tompsett, Geoff A., Bernard Panzarella, W. Curt Conner und Keith W. Jones. „In situ SAXS/WAXS of Zeolite Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis“. MRS Proceedings 900 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0900-o12-06.
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ABSTRACTThe microwave hydrothermal synthesis of silicalite zeolite was monitored in situ using small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). A custom-built waveguide reactor provided the microwave heating at 2.45 GHz frequency. Microwave power up to 300 W was supplied by a SAIREM generator via a coax connection. A sample port in the waveguide section allowed a thin-walled glass sample vessel to be held in the microwave field. The sample vial was sealed with a fiber optic temperature probe used for monitoring the temperature. Silicalite zeolite precursor solutions were heated temperatures between 100 and 130°C for up to 120 minutes. The SAXS or WAXS patterns were simultaneously scanned during the reaction under microwaves via X-ray beam through slots in the side of the waveguide. The progress of silicalite zeolite formation was followed and the analysis of SAXS patterns showed the primary particles of 2 nm shifted to aggregates of 5.8 nm in diameter, in 120 minutes at 130°C.
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Chen, T., und J. M. Hampikian. „Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized NiAl Particles“. MRS Proceedings 520 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-520-205.
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ABSTRACTNanophase NiAl powders were synthesized by solid state reaction via ball milling of elemental Ni and Al powders under an argon atmosphere for 0-8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 48 h. Structural characterization of the nanophase NiAI was performed by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The oxidation behavior of the powders was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the Ni + Al = NiAl solid state reaction took place between 4 and 5 hours of mechanical alloying. After 5 h or more of mechanical alloying, the phase of the ball milled particles was the B2 structure, with average grain sizes which decreased with increasing mechanical alloying times. The relationship between the long-range-order parameters and mechanical alloying time was studied. After 5 h, 6 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 48 h mechanical alloying, the long-range-order parameter was determined to be approximately 0.82, 0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 0.71, and 0.63, respectively. Iron contamination was observed, resulting from wear of the steel vial and balls. In the mechanically alloyed NiAl nanoparticles, edge dislocations, shear bands, subgrains, distorted regions, and a large number of grain boundaries were observed.
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Fu, Z., H. J. Fecht und W. L. Johnson. „Nanoscale Phase Separation Induced by Mechanical Alloying in the Iron-Erbium-Nitrogen System“. MRS Proceedings 186 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-186-169.
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AbstractMetastable phases, including nanocrystalline and amorphous structures, can be prepared by high energy cyclic deformation processes. In the present study, we compare the behavior of a stable congruent melting compound (Fe2Er Laves phase) with a mixture of pure elemental Fe and Er powders subjected to high energy ball milling. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal similar results in both cases. In the early stages, a nanocrystalline fcc phase with lattice parameter a = 0.484 nm and a grain size of 6 nm is formed together with a bcc Fe-rich phase. Extended milling results in a nanoscale phase separation into Fe-rich and Er-rich crystallites with average grain sizes of 1.8-4 nm. Based on a lattice parameter analysis, the fcc phase was initially thought to be a metastable FeEr3 phase. Further studies revealed nitrogen gas in the milling vial had reacted with the powder during ball milling to produce the cubic ErN phase (“NaCl” structure with a lattice parameter of 0.4836 nm). Our experiments demonstrate that the steel vials for ball milling do not remain hermetically sealed during the milling process and a nitride phase can be formed easily if a catalyst for the dissociation of nitrogen molecules (such as Fe) exists in the system.
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Stauf, Gregory T., D. K. Gaskill, N. Bottka und R. W. Gedridge. „OMVPE Growth of Epitaxial InSb Thin Films Using a Novel Group V Source Compound“. MRS Proceedings 216 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-216-239.
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ABSTRACTTo date, OMVPE has failed to grow epitaxial InSb at temperatures below about 400 °C. Therefore, we have studied InSb deposition using the novel group V source triisopropylantimony (TIPSb) with trimethylindium (TMIn), comparing this with results in the same reactor using trimethylantimony (TMSb). We have grown InSb on both GaAs and on high-resistivity p-type InSb substrates, exploring the effects of temperature, substrate, V/ill ratio, and thickness on film properties. Our best results with TMSb and TMIn were obtained using a V/ill ratio of 8 and growth temperature of 450 °C. The unintentionally doped films exhibited good crystallinity and were n-type about lx1015 cm-3 down to 5 K, with 77 K mobilities of 90,000 and 253,00°Cm2/V-sec for InSb on GaAs and on InSb, respectively. These results are comparable to the best published MBE data. While InSb films could not be grown well at temperatures below 425 °C using TMSb, specular epilayers were obtained with TIPSb at temperatures as low as 300 °C, though with a low deposition rate. Our best conditions with TIPSb were with a Vill ratio of about 12 and a substrate temperature of 350 °C. The results of variable temperature and variable magnetic field Hall, double crystal x-ray diffractometry, Nomarski microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy will be presented.
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Taghizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh, Bernhard Retzl, Edin Muratspahić, Christoph Trenk, Emilio Casanova, Ali Moghadam, Alireza Afsharifar, Ali Niazi und Christian W. Gruber. „Discovery of the cyclotide caripe 11 as a ligand of the cholecystokinin-2 receptor“. Scientific Reports 12, Nr. 1 (02.06.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13142-z.
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AbstractThe cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system and constitutes a promising target for drug development in several diseases, such as gastrointestinal cancer. The search for ligands of this receptor over the past years mainly resulted in the discovery of a set of distinct synthetic small molecule chemicals. Here, we carried out a pharmacological screening of cyclotide-containing plant extracts using HEK293 cells transiently-expressing mouse CCK2R, and inositol phosphate (IP1) production as a readout. Our data demonstrated that cyclotide-enriched plant extracts from Oldenlandia affinis, Viola tricolor and Carapichea ipecacuanha activate the CCK2R as measured by the production of IP1. These findings prompted the isolation of a representative cyclotide, namely caripe 11 from C. ipecacuanha for detailed pharmacological analysis. Caripe 11 is a partial agonist of the CCK2R (Emax = 71%) with a moderate potency of 8.5 µM, in comparison to the endogenous full agonist cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8; EC50 = 11.5 nM). The partial agonism of caripe 11 is further characterized by an increase on basal activity (at low concentrations) and a dextral-shift of the potency of CCK-8 (at higher concentrations) following its co-incubation with the cyclotide. Therefore, cyclotides such as caripe 11 may be explored in the future for the design and development of cyclotide-based ligands or imaging probes targeting the CCK2R and related peptide GPCRs.
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Sukegawa, Ryuichiro, Shinji Kono und Kyuya Nakagawa. „Development of a Nondestructive Monitoring Technique for Vial Freeze-Drying Process using Microwave Resonance Spectroscopy“. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, Juli 2022, 109071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.109071.
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