Dissertationen zum Thema „Vind energi“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Vind energi" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Lenner, Oskar. „Småskalig elproduktion : Förstudie på hur ett bostadshus kan bli mer självförsörjande och utvinna energi från sol och vind“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39317.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis has been to examine how to reduce the need to buy energy for a property with associated buildings. The focus has been on producing enough energy to cover the property owners' consumption of electricity. The project has also involved simpler energy optimization measures. After this, a physical review of the buildings was carried out, where measurement was also carried out partly as a basis for an energy balance and partly as a basis when examining which energy saving measures were economically feasible, such as additional insulation of the wind. Then quotes and other important information, such as energy production and prices, were collected and then analyzed. All parts were compared to each other to arrive at what best suited the property owners. Storage and wind power had too long a payback period against what the owners had asked for when they wanted it to be repaid before the end of product life. The result of the wind power showed that the wind speeds could not be fully determined since the wind measurement made was 25 km away, which leads to an uncertainty in how much electricity can be produced. The most profitable was the largest of the four solar cell parks compared. It and the small wind turbine together produce enough electricity to meet their needs. However, neither the wind turbine nor the battery storage was recommended because of the payback time. The owners can thus produce most of the electricity using solar cells, but not all according to the calculations made. In addition to Vattenfall's solar cells, it was recommended to insulate the wind and install a charging box from Vattenfall. Since the theory in the degree project should be based on audited sources and not on profit-making sources, student literature, published reports and reports from authorities were used.
Augustsson, Adam. „Reindeer Husbandry and Wind Power : Discourses surrounding the construction of IKEA's wind park on Glötesvålen and its local effects on reindeer husbandry“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42460.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExploateringen av mark i norra Sverige har orsakat en betydande förlust av betesmarker för renskötare. Detta hotar den svensk-samiska rennäringen, som förlitar sig på betesmarken för att hållbart mata sina hjordar. Under det senaste decenniet har en betydande mängd betesmark gått förlorad på grund av den ökande mängden vindkraftsparker (WPP) på, eller intillrenbetesmarker. Denna avhandling undersöker diskursen kring en WPP byggd i Härjedalen för IKEA. WPP byggdes på Glötesvålen, ett låg-fjäll som tidigare haft strategiskt viktiga betesmarker för samebyn Mittådalen. Genom en dissektion av elektroniska källor och halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomför författaren en diskursanalys för att identifiera de vanligaste narrativen om IKEAs vindkraftpark på Glötesvålen. En induktiv metod används för att identifiera underliggande ideologier som finns i diskursen genom ett relevant teoretisk ramverk. Resultaten visar en genomgripande entusiasm för vindkraft som ett steg mot förnybar energi. Detta narrativ speglar ideologin för ekologisk modernisering. Resultaten hittar också ett kritisk narrativ som lyfter den ojämna maktdynamiken som renskötarna upplever. Detta förstås genom Spivaks (2010) "Kan den underordnade tala?". Ytterligare en diskurs som upptäcks är symbolfrågan mellan industriell ekologisk omställning och bevarandet av renskötseln som kulturarv.
Alkeaid, Majed Mohammed G. „Study of NEOM city renewable energy mix and balance problem“. Thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235535.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDet är viktigt för NEOM projektets ledning att planera och införa projektet med hjälp av förnybara energiresurser på plats. Regionen är rymligt och stort och är en lämplig plats för att kunna generera tillräcklig med energi från sol och vind för energiförsörjning av området. Syftet med studien är att studera en pågående planering och byggnation av en hållbar stad med upp till 10 GW förnybar energi som motsvarar cirka 80 000 fat fossil bränsle. Problem och utmaningar för att försörja en hel stad med förnybara energiresurser kommer att diskuteras. Den förnybara staden förväntas vara ett föredöme för 100% förnybar energi, vilket i kapacitetssammanhang motsvarar 72:4GW, vilket är mer tillräckligt än behovet för NEOM staden. Freiburg och Masdar städer används som fallstudier i examensarbetet. NEOMs kraftproduktionskapacitet kan täcka behovet av hela landet som uppgår till 71GW. Studien visar att den totala kraftproduktionskapaciteten från olika förnybara energiresurser såsom vindkraftparker, tidvattenanläggningar, solcellkraftverk och soltornskraftverk med en kapacitet av 9:1373GW,4:76GW, 57:398GW och 1:11GW respektive kan uppgå till 72:4GW. Saudiarabien har planer på att skaffa 16 kärnkraftverk (17GW vardera) med en total kapacitet på 272GW som kommer att ingå i Saudiarabiens nationella satsningar för framtidens elproduktion och det kan täcka elbehovet om NEOM inte når efterfrågekapaciteten. Utöver ovan har studien föreslagit 6 underjordiska batterier med en kapacitet på 120MW per batteri. Studieresultaten kan användas för kompetensuppbyggnad och vidare forskning om förnybara energiresurser för NEOM Institute of Science and Technology. Resultaten kan också användas för teknikutveckling och forskning inom HVDC- överföringsledningar mellan NEOM, Saudiarabiens huvudnät, Egypten och Jordanien.
Karlsson, Jennifer. „Energitekniska alternativ vid ansträngd eleffekt“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79586.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEriksson, Linda. „Energieffektiv byggnad genom proaktivt energiarbete vid byggprojektering : Projekteringsledarens roll“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42453.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNörve, Joakim. „Mätning av energianvändning vid pelletstillverkning : En experimentell undersökning av olika delprocesser inom pelletstillverkning“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85520.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe world’s reliance on fossil fuels needs to be reduced to prevent global warming, which can have a negative effect on our environment. One way which can reduce our impact is to increase our usage of biofuels. Pelletisation is used to get an effective energy output from biofuels, since it increases the density of the biomass. Industrial pelletisation is consists of multiple processes: Drying, grinding, moisturising, heating, and lastly pelletising. The total energy (Wtot) from pelletisation comes from three phases: Compression, flow, and friction. The compression-energy (Wkomp) measures the vertical force against the biomass when it is pelletised. The flow-energy (Wflöde) measures the resistance against deformation when the biomass enters the die-channel. This deformation is caused by radial and vertical compression. The friction-energy (Wfric) measures the resistance from the contact between the die-surface and pellet. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge regarding energy usage from the pelletisation processes, and to find a correlation between laboratory scale (20 kg/h) and continuous single pelletisation. The goal of the study is to examine the impact moisture content and die-channel length has on the different phases, and how they impact the flow force. Spruce dried, ground, and moisturised to a specific moisture content before pelletisation. Three applications were used, which purpose was to measure the different phases of pelletisation. The total energy is measure with continuous single-pelletisation, which means that you first compress a layer of biomass, which is followed by compressing another layer on top. New layers are then compressed until the flow-force has stabilised (the maximum force measured during a layer-compression). To measure compression and friction, a gram of biomass is compressed which is then pressed out of the die-channel. The last application was a laboratory scale press, where friction and flow-force can be measured. The results showed that the length of the die-channel had a great impact on all phases when studying continuous single-pelletisation. An increase in the channel length increases Wtot, Wkomp, Wfrik, and Wflöde. The moisture content’s effect on the phases were mixed. There was no correlation between moisture content and friction. The clearest correlation was between moisture content and compression. An increase in moisture content causes a lower Wkomp. The flow-energy was not affected when the moisture content was raised from 8% to 12%, but an increase from 12% to 16% reduced Wflöde greatly. The flow-force never stabilised when a moisture content of 8% was used. The flow-force stabilised at a moisture content level of 12% and 16%, whereof 16% resulted in a lower force required for stabilisation. A correlation between continuous single-pelletisation and laboratory pelletisation were never found.
Andersson, Robin. „Utredning av slaggning vid förbränning av träpellets i värmeanläggningar : I sammarbete med Härjeåns Energi AB“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137482.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract The member states of the UN have united behind a convention on climate change 2015, the “Paris agreement”. To face the challenges of a required conversion to renewable energy, the dependence of fossil fuels need to be drastically reduced. Combustion of biomass has a god potential to replace fossil fuels in many applications. Pellets made from stemwood has a high energy value and is a good candidate to replace fossil fuels in small and medium scale heat and power production. To make pellets more attractive on the market, the delivered pellets need to have high quality and enable low maintenance and operational problems during combustion. Härjeåns Energi in Sveg would like to know more about the ash related issues like slagging and sintering, and how it can be avoided be measures related to handling, pellet production and end use (combustion). The overall objectives of the present work was to identify ash related problems during combustion of wood pellets in heating boilers, focusing on sintering and slagging, and to provide recommendations on measures how to avoid such problems for producers and individuals. This work with the report was divided into two parts. The first part included a research review on the subject. The second part included an investigation of the handling by Härjeåns Energi and their subcontractors. The research review was carried out by reading the research, mainly in scientific peer- review papers from the last 25 years. The investigation of the handling was carried out by evaluating analysis data of pellets, raw material and slagg samples. The results showed that the most important factor that influence slag formation is the concentrations of certain ash forming elements in fuel, such as silicon, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium aluminum and iron. Also ash content, combustion technology and combustion temperature are of importance. Substances in the fuels that are associated with slagging tendencies originate mainly from different kinds of contaminations, e.g. sand, soil and clay. This is most likely the case for Härjeåns Energi. The results also showed that the ash fusion temperatures of the raw material ash where constantly high during the weeks of the summer 2016. The remaining weeks of the year showed more varying ash melting temperatures. The produced pellets from Härjeåns Energi 2016 had a high ash molting temperature during the year of 2016, except in October. The exact reason behind the relative low ash melting temperatures is difficult to point out specifically in this work, and need more careful investigations. Overall, it is the pellets producer, the subcontractors and the manufacturer of the heating devices that have the possibilities to develop product and measures which avoid or reduces slagging related problems. The end users (customers) have very small opportunities to influence the outcome of the combustion of pellets.
Strandgren, Rasmus. „Projektering av Fjärrvärmeinstallation vid ”Alimak group AB”s anläggning i Skellefteå“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74907.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current energy usage worldwide is playing a central part in polluting the atmosphere and accelerating climate change. Intelligent technical solutions coupled with new behavioral patterns are our best tools to battle climate change and minimize our impact on the planet. Amongst these innovations and changes to our lifestyle, a central part is our usage of fossil fuels, of which usage is being restricted by governments worldwide, commonly via taxes. This forces us to reinvent ourselves and search for other options where we can, to minimize both our costs and our emissions of greenhouse gases. Alimak in Skellefteå is currently finding themselves in a similar situation, and therefore requested a proposal for a new heating system on one of their properties to be delivered by Caverion via this report. The task at hand was to investigate the viability of changing out their current heating sources, three oil-furnaces to a new district heating powered system, and come up with a concrete proposal for a solution, and evaluate the economical profitability. Through a broad study of literature on the subject and several trips to the property to examine it, the heating power required to maintain an arbitrary indoor climate was calculated, with respect to the buildings shell, ventilation and infiltration. With this accomplished an entirely new heating system could be dimensioned to fit the property based on the given conditions. With this all done, the buildings annual energy consumption could be calculated and from that the theoretical operational costs emerged, to be compared with the oil-furnaces of today. The results of it all, is a proposal for a complete new heating package including fan-heaters, piping, control system and district heating substation. Amounting to an investment of 555 000 SEK, the system is deemed adequate to maintain a comfortable climate and circulate the warm air throughout the entirety of the rooms wherein the heaters are placed, and provide a sufficient margin of power given the uncertainties within the calculations. The investment turns out to lower the operational costs significantly, and an estimated 380-480 000 SEK will be saved annually depending on which of the options are chosen. Furthermore since this means that none of the oil-furnaces will remain, all the carbon dioxide emissions associated with heating the building are eliminated, previously amounting to a rough 244 tons annually in previous years. Needless to say this is a phenomenal gain for the environment. In addition to these main advantages of the proposal, there is also the completely enhanced level of operational reliability, controllability and overview of the plant that has previously not been available. With modern technology, the entire heating system can be controlled centrally and automatically and together with the proposed ventilation system the entire operation of building can be run fully automatically.
Thomasson, Jakob, und Nathalie Johansson. „Skogsägares attityder till uttag av grot vid slutavverkning i södra Sverige“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53704.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleForests have been used as an energy source for a long time. By taking advantage of logging residues at final harvesting, the forest owners contribute with renewable energy that reduces dependence of fossil fuels. This study concerns the attitudes regarding the collection of logging residues. The study was conducted as a survey which was answered by forest owners and employees that work with counseling regarding forestry. The survey shows that the major obstacles that gives negative attitudes of logging residues is the concern about the nutrient removal from the forest and damage dealt by machinery. The study demonstrates the importance of knowledge, and the needs to increase the forest owners knowledge about logging residues and its effects. A change of attitude concerning logging residues is needed to secure the future collection of logging residues. The impact that attitudes can give is that there will be insufficient quantities of logging residues in the future.
Strömberg, Mårten. „SHE Management vid Perstorp Regeno, Sektor Energi“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32780.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellewww.ima.kth.se
Arnberg, Johanna. „Torrsubstansförluster vid lagring och hantering av träspån vid Härjeåns Energi AB“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research (SMEER), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68326.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHärjeåns Energi AB in Sveg is a company consisting a brand-new cogeneration plant and a biofuel plant where the company produces pellets out of wooden sawdust. Before pelleting, the sawdust is stored in a large stack. However, the company had noted that the amount of sawdust delivered to the stack minus the sawdust taken from the stack for pelleting did not add up to the sawdust left in the stack. At some point during storage and handling of the sawdust large quantities has disappeared. The purpose of this study was to investigate how and when the dry matter losses occur and the magnitude of the losses regarding two things: the dry matter losses associated with storing of the sawdust and the dry matter losses related to the handling of the sawdust. The most important goal of this study, for the company, was to create an equation that describes the amount of dry matter losses that reasonably should have disappeared from the stack depending on for how long the sawdust has been stored. Simply to be able to make a write-off of the sawdust inventory balances on a regular basis. The purpose and goals were answered by conducting a literature study on the subject, studying the company’s sawdust accounts and their way of handling the sawdust, and also by constructing two simulation models of the dry matter losses in the stack of sawdust. Dry matter losses resulting from the storage of biomass may occur through the decomposition mechanisms; respiration, biodegradation and thermal and chemical degradation. But the storage effect on fuel quality is complex. Time of storage, climatic conditions and the geometry and structure of the stacks are some factors that affect the change in biomass properties. This degradation, along with how the company manages the sawdust, contributes to dry matter losses. However, the largest contributing factor to the dry matter losses is the storage part. Some contributing factors are the size of the stack, if it’s been compacted and if the sawdust is stored open without coverage. When the models were built it turned out that the result was well in line with what actually had disappeared in the stack, according to the sawdust inventory, during the investigated years 2013-2017. For example, by reducing the maximum height of the stack to a maximum of 5-7 meters and apply the last-in-first-out-method on the spruce, while the pine can be stored for a longer time, would certainly contribute to reduced dry matter losses and, consequently, economic losses. In the future, however, more resources should be invested in research about storing the fraction of sawdust, as well as storing wood in stacks larger than a maximum height of 5-7 meters. Today there are no research at all within these two categories, but if there were, it could facilitate many energy-producing companies.
Lingman, Oskar. „Energi- och miljöeffekter av mekanisk avvattning som försteg till torkning av träflis vid pelletsproduktion“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68785.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the occurring climate threats in the form of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in our Earth's atmosphere, major joint efforts are needed to reduce our emissions. By opting out of fossil fuels and instead using environmentally friendly energy sources, we help create a sustainable future. Wood pellets are a biofuel made from biomass in the form of woodchips and its combustion can in principle be seen as neutral. However, the production of wood pellets is an energy-consuming process where thermal drying of the wet wood chips accounts for a majority of the total energy use during pellet production, where wood chips are typically dried from 55 – 10% moisture by condensation. With an increasing demand for pellets, there will also be more opportunities for efficiency, where the drying stage in production has a large focus. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the energy and environmental effects of a new two-stage technique consisting of mechanical dewatering as a prestage to thermal drying of woodchips in a pellet production. The mechanical dewatering technology studied is the Drinor CDP - Continuous Dewatering Press. The primary goal of the work has been to investigate the Drinors CDP as a pre-stage to a packed moving bed and a pneumatic dryer to finally answer to which of the combinations provides the lowest energy use and environmental impact in terms of emissions. As a reference, the drying process of Stora Enso Timber Gruvön is used, where a packed moving bed is used as a single-stage dryer. As a secondary goal, two different particle sizes will be examined for pneumatic drying consisting of saw dust and wood chips, to investigate the impact of particle sizes on pneumatic drying, and whether it is even possible to pneumatically transport larger wood chips. The results show that mechanical dewatering is a good solution for the pellet industry. The case with a CDP in combination with a packed moving bed led to an energy reduction of about 50% and 35% reduced emissions as a result, compared to the reference case consisting only of a packed moving bed. The results also showed that large wood chip particles could be transported pneumatically at an air velocity of just over 23 m/s. Pneumatic drying contributed to a high use of electricity due to high temperatures, which in turn leads to large quantities of emissions.
Eskills, Jonathan. „Betydelsen av en byggnads planlösning vid energieffektivisering : Enligt simulering i IDA ICE“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe residence and service sector stand for 40 % of the total energy use in Sweden. 90 % of that energy is used for households and facilities, which means that its energy use is only surpassed by that of the industry An appropriate solution for a national reduction in use of energy is therefore to streamline the energy efficiency for existing and planned buildings. The aim for this academic work is to examine how different methods of streamlining energy use is affected by building planning. Two real life buildings are to be compared and analysed. The buildings have identical outer dimensions and construction, and one of them has a comparatively more open building plan. Five different streamlining solutions are going to be simulated in the software EQUA IDA ICE; a lowering of the room temperature, an increased efficiency on the heat exchanger in the air handling unit, a decreased U-value (a Swedish building standard in energy transmission) for the windows, a decreased U-value for the roof and lastly a change from a proportional control system to a proportional integrating on the heating and cooling system. The results show that: A lowering of the room temperature by 2 ˚C, lessens the heating load for the air handling unit by 42,5 % in the building with a more open building plan, whilst the less open building sees a decrease of 35,8 %. The effect of an increased efficiency from 0,6 to 0,9 on the heat exchanger in the air handling is unaffected by a buildings planning. A lowered U-value for the windows from 1,8 to 1,1 W/m2,K increases the cooling load for the air handling unit by 130 % on the building with the more open planning. And at the same time the building with the less open planning is unaffected by the streamlining. A lowered U-value for the roof from 0,09 to 0,05 W/m2,K gives an increased performance on the heating load for both the heating system and air handling unit on the building with the more open planning, compared to that of the less open building. If the control system of the heating and cooling systems changes from a proportional integrating to a proportional one, the cooling load for the cooling system increases by 4,1 % on the building with the more open planning, whilst it increases by 17,1 % on the less open building. Streamlining the energy use of ventilation, cooling and heating systems has a bigger impact on buildings with a more open planning compared to those with a less open building plan. A less open building plan is better affected by the streamlining of the energy transmission trough the construction compared to a more open planning.
Viktorsson, Björn, und Henrik Hedblom. „Beslutsprocess vid val av modell för produktkalkylering : en fallstudie vid Gävle Energi“. Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4764.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSyfteAtt genom en fallstudie vid Gävle Energi belysa viktiga diskussioner i beslutsprocessen vid val av produktkalkyleringsmodell. Att ge Gävle Energis affärsområde Kommunikation ett förslag på modell för produktkalkylering, inklusive ett implementeringsförslag.
MetodVi har valt att genomföra en kvalitativ fallstudie som baseras på ett flertal intervjuer. Informationen som vi har samlat in under intervjuerna ligger till grund för avsnitten empiri, process och slutdiskussion. Vi har vidare studerat teorier för att få information till teorikapitlet samt till processen där empiri och teori förenas. I processen analyserar vi den information vi samlat in för att i slutet kunna redogöra vilka beslut som har varit avgörande vid valet av modell samt ge företaget ett förslag på lämplig modell.
Resultat & slutsatsFöretaget efterfrågade en standardiserad enkel modell för produktkalkylering i en komplex verksamhet. Efter analysen rekommenderar vi totalstegskalkylering som modell och bifogar ett implementeringsförslag. Vad som genomgående har stött bort ABC‐kalkyleringen till fördel för totalstegskalkylering har varit företagets starka önskemål om enkelhet.
Laggren, Anna. „Avsättningsmöjligheter för slaggrus från avfallsförbränning vid Åmotfors Energi“. Thesis, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229651.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrahm, Fredrik, Lennart Kristiansson und Joakim Wennerström. „Energimätning vid Högskolan Väst“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3880.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarkus, Gustafsson. „Energier och CO2, fördelning i flödet vid mobil krossning“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76845.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to new laws and the company’s own initiative concerning tracking of energies and emissions in quarries, NCC has begun surveying these factors. For their smaller quarries they mean to produce a method for local site managers, with which they themselves can perform this task. Because of these reasons the study in this rapport has been done. The end goal was to study the amount of available informtion about the energies at Eker quarry. Then Using this information to create a method for site managers to simplify their work as well as performing a survey in Eker concerning energies and emissions per ton of produced materials during 2018. The end product was an excel-file that calculates och distributes energies and emissions as long as data about used diesel and electricity is entered into the file. The survey produced the key figures for energies, 10,03 kWh/ton for the total 4,82 kWh/ton for products after the first crusher stage, 7,74 for products after the second and 14,25 kWh/ton for products after the third crusher stage. The key figures for emissions are 2,39 kg CO2/ton for the total, 1,05 kg CO2/ton for products after the first crusher stage, 1,80 for products after the second and 3,49 kg CO2/ton for products after the third crusher stage. The results show the possibilities to perform this type of survey with the produced method. The survey’s limitations were at the preliminary work with salvoes and ended when the product was loaded to a customer. Only the major factors of diesel and electricity was studied.
Eriksson, Emelie. „Resursanvändning vid snötillverkning : En jämförelse av energi- och vattenförbrukningen vid snötillverkning med olika snökanoner“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBylander, Adam, und Johan Rohdin. „Vilka statsfinansiella effekter erhålls vid ökad produktion av förnybar energi?“ Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17991.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBakgrund Denna uppsats grundar sig i ett problem som aktualiserats av Energigas Sverige som, tillsammans med Finansdepartementet, har ställt frågan om vilka statsfinansiella effekter som kan uppstå vid en ökning av biogasproduktion. Då de statsfinansiella effekterna av en ökad biogasproduktion både är positiva och negativa till följd av en minskad användning av fossilt bränsle, är detta något som vi vill undersöka närmre. Syfte och slutsatser Syftet är att beskriva och förklara vilka statsfinansiella effekter som erhålls vid ökad biogasproduktion och utifrån vår problemformulering: ”Vilka statsfinansiella effekter erhålls vid ökad biogasproduktion?” kunde vi se följande statsfinansiella effekter: positiv sysselsättningseffekt, ökade intäkter på sociala avgifter samt inkomstskatt, minskade arbetslöshetskostnader och minskade skatteintäkter på fossila bränslen. Dessa effekter leder sammanfattningsvis till en negativ statsfinansiell effekt på drygt 2,6 miljarder SEK. Utefter den negativa effekten godtog vi även en av de två hypoteserna som ställdes, vilken förklarade att en ökad biogasproduktion leder till negativa statsfinansiella effekter. Design/Metodik/Ansats Vi har valt utgå utifrån en anglosaxisk vetenskapstradition som passar studien väl och vidare har vi ett positivistiskt synsätt då vi vill förklara sambandet mellan orsak och verkan av en ökad biogasproduktion och statsfinansiella effekter. Vi har även valt att arbeta utifrån en deduktiv ansats med ett kvantitativt synsätt då vi har tidigare studier som utgångspunkt vid vår datainsamling. Originalitet/värde/kunskapsbidrag Studien har bidragit till att ge insikter om hur en ökning av biogasproduktionen skulle påverka statens finanser i form av en kraftig sysselsättningsökning och en minskning av de fossila skatteintäkterna. Vidare anser vi att studien kan användas som underlag för beslut om en ökad biogasproduktion. Framtida forskning Utifrån vårt resultat har vi kommit fram till ett flertal vidare forskningsområden som exempelvis; teknikexport, reducerade kostnader för miljöeffekter, möjligheten om att införa en marginell beskattning av biogasen, potential för att ta betalt för restprodukter och även hur utländska aktörer kan påverka Sveriges biogasproduktion och tillgänglighet.
Nordgren, Philip. „Planering för laddningsstationer vid parkeringsområden“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183962.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNajeeb, Ahmed, und Getachew Kekeba. „Snabbladdare för elbil vid Växjö Energi : Hur påverkas ett elnät av snabbladdsstationer vid laddning av elbil?“ Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRosander, Nyberg Kristina. „Lågenergihus : projektvägledning vid byggande av småhus“. Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5537.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMiljö och energianvändning blir ett mer aktuellt ämne. 40 % av landets totala energianvändning går idag till bostäder.[1] Om elpriserna stiger under den närmsta tiden kommer det med stor säkerhet leda till att människor blir mer kostnadsmedvetna och gärna hittar sätt för att minska sina energikostnader. Som ett led i detta har hustillverkare tagit fram ett energisnålt alternativ till det vanliga huset. Det benämns lågenergihus och använder mindre energi än de hus som är vanliga på marknaden idag. Det här är möjligt genom att lågenergihus byggs på ett annorlunda vis jämfört med ett ordinärt hus. Bland annat används mer isolering och bättre fönster och dörrar. Dessutom är täthet ett viktigt begrepp för att minska värmeförlusterna. Rapporten syftar till att redogöra för vad som karaktäriserar lågenergihus och ge vägledning vid byggande av dessa. Vidare ska rapporten ge svar på frågorna, vilka är problemen och vilka är fördelarna med lågenergihus? Hur ser byggprocessen ut och vad är viktigt att tänka på i de olika skedena i processen? samt, är det ekonomiskt rimligt att bygga lågenergihus? För att få svar på dessa frågor har jag använt mig av litteratur, intervjuer samt informationssökning på nätet, dessutom har jag använt mig av de kunskaper som införskaffats under studietiden. I rapporten har jag valt att endast behandla energianvändning då miljöfrågan är alltför omfattande. Vidare ger rapporten en introduktion till vad som är utmärkande för lågenergihus rent byggnadstekniskt och lotsar läsaren genom byggprocessens olika skeden samt vilka aktörer som är inblandade och vilka deras respektive ansvarsområden är. Dessutom pekar rapporten ut vad som är viktigt för dig som byggherre att tänka på under de olika skedena i byggprocessen i form av planering, utformning, konstruktion, installationer, utgifter, försäkringar, kontroller och avtal, vare sig du väljer att uppföra byggnaden i egen regi eller anlita en entreprenör.
Rapporten ger exempel på lösningar gällande konstruktion, installationer och värmesystem som är lämpliga i ett lågenergihus. Dessutom görs en energiberäkning på ett lågenergihus ritat av författaren till rapporten. Beräkningen ger huset en energianvändning på 56 kWh/m2, år, vilket är ca hälften av vad lagar och föreskrifter anger som maximalt värde ett hus får ha. Idéer och tankar som legat till grund för huset beskrivs. Då detta hus ritats har även andra idéer implementerats som inte är specifika för lågenergihus, utan syftar till att huset ska ha en beredskap vid tillexempel elavbrott. I slutet av rapporten ges även tips på hur du som husägare ytterligare kan spara energi och bidra till en hållbar utveckling.
[1]Gross, Holger (2008). Energismarta småhus: vägledning och råd till byggherrar, arkitekter och ingenjörer. Stockholm: Gross produktion i samarbete med Villaägarnas riksförbund
The environment and the use of energy is becoming a more present subject. Today the real estate industry accounts for more than 40% of Sweden’s total energy consumption.[1]As energy prices rise, energy-saving in buildings is becoming increasingly important to homeowners. As result of this, house manufacturers have created a new type of energy-saving house called low-energy house. This house has a different construction in comparison to an ordinary house. The theses aims to give guidance when building a low-energy house and answer the following questions, what are the problems and what are the benefits, which are the different phases of the building process, what issues are important to consider in these phases and is it economically realistic to build a low-energy house. To be able to answer these questions I have collected material from litterateur, interviews, and web searching. In addition I also have used the knowledge I have obtained during my period of studies. The thesis only concern the energy consumption as the environmental part of it is too substantial. In addition the thesis gives a presentation of the building process, who are involved and what are their field of responsibility. Furthermore it points out what you as a future owner of a house/building proprietor should be attentive to during the building process so that no mistakes are made that causes the end results not turning out as expected. Different laws, rules, contracts, norms and authorities that occurs in the building process, are accounted for and explained in the thesis in such a way that is easy to grasp for those not familiar to the subject.
The report gives advice and example of solutions in terms of construction and installations e.g. heating distribution system that are appropriate in a low-energy house.
The thesis includes a calculation of the energy use of a low-energy house, which shows that the house uses about 56 kWh/m2, year. In comparison, this is about half the maximum limit decided by the Swedish constitution BBR.
A suggestion for a low-energy house is displayed in the paper, it is the same housed used for the calculation of energy use. Ideas and thoughts regarding the house are described. This suggestion also implements a few ideas’ that perhaps contributes additionally to energy-savings and a sustainable environment.
[1] Gross, Holger (2008). Energismarta småhus: vägledning och råd till byggherrar, arkitekter och ingenjörer. Stockholm: Gross produktion i samarbete med Villaägarnas riksförbund
Ullman, Emma. „Solceller och vindkraftverk : - Samverkan vid elproduktion“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33968.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleErneby, Robin. „KORTSIKTIG PRODUKTIONSPLANERING I MINDRE FJÄRRVÄRMESYSTEM : En studie vid Strängnäs Energi AB“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15436.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFreudenthal, Jesper. „Förlustanalys av ett industriellt ångsystem : En studie vid Bomhus Energi AB“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis paper investigates the losses within steam distribution systems with additional research in two of the potential losses at Bomhus Energi AB, Gävle Sweden. Bomhus Energi is a steam producing company mainly for the pulp and paper plant nearby but also a heat producer for the city’s district heat. Electricity is also produced from a steam turbine connected to the boiler. Minimising losses is a way to achieve a more efficient system, this is of great interest due to the European Union´s climate goals but also because it can increase income and in the long run improve the company’s competitiveness on the market. EU:s climate goals involve lowering the energy consumption and increasing the amount of renewable energy production. Increasing the steam distribution efficiency will be one small part of achieving the goals. To motivate and ease the efficiency improvement measures at Bomhus Energi a list of potential losses within steam distribution together with deeper analyses within two of the losses have been composed. The deeper analyses were made on steam traps and steam pressure reducing valves. This was done with the help from relevant literature and discussion with experienced employees and other people within the industry. The losses that occur when steam is distributed are steam leakage, heat losses through pipes, condensate losses and flash losses. The deeper analyses were made as a basis for detecting, measure and evaluate losses. To make the analyses production data was obtained from Bomhus Energi and component data from suppliers. Calculation and models were made in cooperation with employees. The loss from the steam traps lead to decreased electric production and decreased energy delivery to the users. The loss from the steam pressure reducing valves lead only to decreased electric production due to the energy in the steam stays in the system. To achieve the climate goals and at the same time minimise the energy and economical losses, monitoring and maintenance of the steam distribution system should be carried out continuously. Losses occur within distribution and not only within production and consumption. Through knowledge about the possible losses within the steam system and its consequences, understanding and the winnings about minimising losses can be achieved. An energy system based on biofuel and by-products should always aim towards increased efficiency because it leads to decreased environmental impact and increased income and in the end a greater competitiveness on the market.
Jonell, Magnus, und Robin Kairis. „Torkventilation vid kartongtillverkning : En fallstudie på Fiskeby Board AB“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94534.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgrell, Elias. „Analys av massapumps- och mixerarbete vid Metsä Board Sverige AB, Husums Fabriker : Energibesparingsåtgärder vid blekeri 4 & 5 med jämförelse mot ny utrustning“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93626.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetsä Board Husum har idag ett flertal olika modeller av massapumpar vid blekeri 4 och 5. Dessa är av deplacerande typ (HC-pump, Sunds Defibrator PTD-60) samt centrifugalmodell (MC-pump, MCA 42-200, MCP 30/20), centrifugalmodellen regleras med strypventiler vilket innebär en extra förlust, speciellt märkbar är denna då produktionen tas ned. Vid blekeriet finns även kemikaliemixrar för att mixa in ClO2 innan pappersmassan pumpas till ett uppehållstorn där blekprocessen sker. Anläggningens nuläge genomgick en mindre kartläggning där specifikationer och mätdata samlades in för att ge en bakgrund till det energibehov som finns idag. Tillgänglighet för reservdelar har varit av intresse för de äldre HC-pumparna. Tillsammans med Sulzer har uppfordringshöjd beräknats för positioner utrustade med PTD -60 då uppgifter för denna saknades. Sulzer och Valmet har offererat ny utrustning för dessa positioner som jämförs mot uppmätta värden för att beräkna återbetalningstid. Inkomna offerter förutsätter frekvensomriktare och baseras på en önskad produktionsökning till 50 ADMt/h för blekeri 4 och 60 ADMt/h för blekeri 5. Detta är en ökning på 10 ADMt/h och blekeri. Erforderlig effekt för drifter i inkomna offerter och uppmätt effekt är ej angiven vid samma driftpunkt. De offererade pumparnas driftpunkt har därför räknats om för att motsvara driftpunkt vid tillfället för insamling av data. Detta för att enkelt kunna jämföra offerter mot nuläge. På blekeri 4 återfinns en MC-pump av modell MCA 42-200 med posnummer 441PU255. Vid denna position gjordes en djupare undersökning då nivåregleringen ej fungerar som tänkt. Nivåhållning sker via reglerventil och varvtalsreglering med frekvensomriktare. För att kunna köra driften har frekvensomriktaren manuellt ställts i ett fast varvtal och reglerventilen lagts i automatik. Ventilen styr därmed nivå i fallröret och har vid normal drift en öppningsgrad på 40-50 %. Vid genomgången upptäcktes att parametrar i styrsystem gällande de varvtal motorn skall arbeta vid inte korrigerats efter en ombyggnation. Detta har medfört att nivån inte gått att reglera i automatik utan att systemet börjat självsvänga. För att undersöka skillnad mellan varvtalsstyrning och strypreglering gjordes ett försök där varvtalet sänktes från 1520 rpm till 1100 rpm vilket resulterade i en effektminskning på 82 kW eller 342 081 kr per år jämfört med strypreglering; detta var vid en produktion av 36 ADMt/h. Försöket gjordes med något lägre produktion än önskvärt; på grund av detta kommer besparingen minska något vid högre produktion. Samtliga positioner uppvisar minskat energibehov med ny utrustning. Dock gör hög investeringskostnad och krav på kort återbetalningstid att endast några få positioner är lämpliga kandidater för ombyggnad i dagsläget. För MC-pumparna kan däremot majoriteten av besparingen uppnås genom att bygga om dagens strypreglering till varvtalsreglering. Detta sker till en betydligt lägre kostnad än vid uppgradering av pump. Arbetet visar att det finns stor potential att minska energikonsumtion vid blekning av pappersmassa, detta gäller speciellt för de befintliga MC-pumparna som är kraftigt överdimensionerade och regleras med strypventil. De gamla kemikaliemixrarna använder stora mängder energi för att mixa in ClO2, nya mixrar använder mindre än hälften av energin och ger överskådliga återbetalningstider.
Aronsson, Alexander, und Markus Gustavsson. „Minimering av köldbryggor vid balkonger hos miljonprogramshus“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44460.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbrahamsson, Linnéa. „Energianvändning vid pelletering : En undersökning av strömningsenergins betydelse för den totala energianvändningen vid pelletering“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-76144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiofuels make up 25% of Sweden’s energy supply and the majority of biofuels used are made from wood. Wood pellets is one type of biofuel and in Sweden, 1.6 million tonnes of wood pellets were produced in 2018. Different pellet properties such as durability and energy use for production is often tested in a single pellet press. The total energy use for making a pellet in an industrial scale machine is the sum of the energy required for three different component sequences, compression, friction and flow. Flow is when the material that lies on the surfaces between the press channel openings is compressed and pushed downwards towards the coned openings and the materiel in the coned opening is deformed and pushed down to the press channel. Only compression and friction can be studied using a conventional single pellet press. Thus, this study focuses on the impact of the flow component on the total energy use for pelletizing. In order to do this, energy used for compression, friction and flow, as well as the power required for the material to enter the flow component, Fflow, has been studied for three different particle sizes. Fresh spruce with a moisture content of 10% has been pressed in different dies. With these pressings, the impact of the flow component, as well as the impact of pressing material located around the coned press channel opening on the total energy use was determined. Particle size did not affect energy use. Fflow was higher for pressings with material located on the surface around the coned opening, compared to pressings without. This resulted in an increased compression energy for pressings with material around the coned opening. The material located around the press channel opening affected the pelletizing so that the produced pellet was 1 mm shorter, which resulted in a lower energy use for the friction component. Energy used by the flow component made up over 43-57% of the total energy use. The part of the flow energy that is needed to compress the material around the press channel opening and move that material towards the opening stood for 35-52% of the total energy use for palletization.
Malmqvist, Simon. „Batterier i elnätet : Analys för användning vid driftstörning“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69695.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOhrling, Marianne. „Fikarasten som försvann : En kvalitativ studie om universitetslärares emotionella energi vid hemarbete“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85689.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOlsson, Jens, und Andreas Johansson. „Minskning av färskvatten- oljeförbrukning vid Zetterströms Rostfria AB Molkom“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-567.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSammanfattning Företaget Zetterströms Rostfria AB i Molkom producerar värmeväxlare till olika ändamål. I produktionen använder Zetterströms en sömsvets som kräver kylvatten. Mängden kylvatten som går åt under ett år är cirka 2016m3. Svetsen går på olika effekter beroende på vad för typ av plåt som svetsas, om den är tjock eller tunn. Vid svetsning av en tjock plåt körs svetsen på högre effekt än om det svetsas en tunnare plåt. Studien omfattar två olika effektlägen som svetsen kördes på under mätningarna. Zetterströms vill nu ta till vara på den energi som kylvattnet tar upp i svetsen samt att minska färskvatten förbrukningen. Syftet med denna studie är att göra en kartläggning över hur kylvattenförbrukningen går att minska samt hur spillvärmen från svetsens kylvatten kan tas till vara på ett bra sätt. Målet med studien är att finna energieffektiva lösningar som tar tillvara på svetsens spillvärme samt minskar färskvattenförbrukningen. Metoden har bestått i att analysera Zetterströms uppvärmningssystem för att veta hur systemet är uppbyggt och vilken temperatur värmesystemet har på framledningstemperatur. Därefter gjordes temperatur- och flödesmätningar på svetsens kylvatten. Vid mätningarna på svetsen visade det sig att kylvattnet tog upp en effekt av 40,1 resp. 15,6 kW på de två effektlägen som studien behandlar. När nu effekterna som överförs till vattnet är kända framtogs två olika systemförslag. Ett förslag där flödet sänks till det rekommenderade samt att en luftvärmare installeras i lokalen där svetsen står. Det andra förslaget är ett slutet system med en kylmaskin som kyler kylvattnet så att vattnet återigen lämpar sig till kylvatten då framledningstemperaturen ska ligga mellan 14-15ºC. Värmen som kylmaskinen avger kommer att ligga runt 60ºC som via värmeväxlare kommer att avges i luftvärmare i lokalen som ett komplement till dagens uppvärmningssystem. Kylvattenförbrukningen kommer att med detta förslag att minskas radikalt från dagens situation. Besparningen som kommer att ske för de två olika förslagen blir 12400 resp. 41600kr/år.
Abstract The company Zetterströms Rostfria AB in Molkom producing heat exchangers for different purposes. In the production Zetterströms are using a seam welding machine that demands cooling water. The quantity of cooling water the company consumes is 2016m3/year. The seam welding machine works on different effects depending on the thickness of the sheet metal. Thicker sheet metal demands higher power than a thinner sheet metal. This study handles values from two different effects that the welding machine is working with. Zetterströms wants to reduce the quantity of cooling water and reuse the energy the cooling water receives in the welding machine. The purpose of this study is to survey how to reduce the quantity of cooling water used and how to integrate the energy in the cooling water to the buildings heating system. The objective of the study is to find a solution that takes care of the energy in the cooling water and reduce the quantity of cooling water. The method endures to analyze Zetterströms heating system to find the heating systems operating temperatures. Several measurements on the cooling water temperatures and water flows were made. The results from the measurements showed that the welding machine transferred two different effects to the cooling water. The welding machine transferred 40,1 respective 15,6kW to the cooling water. This study handles these two effects. When this two effects are known, two suggestions where hammered out. One suggestion reduces the cooling water flow to recommended level and a fan coil is installed to warm the industrial premises. The second suggestion is a close system with a heat pump. The heat pump cools the water so it can be reused as cooling water again. The recommended temperature of the cooling water is 14-15ºC. The energy from the cooling water is pumped to 60ºC with the help from a heat pump. The warm water from the heat pump emits in fan coils like the first suggestion. The fresh water consuming will be reduced to minimal level with the second suggestion. The saving for the first suggestion will be 12400kr/year and for the second suggestion 41600kr/year.
Rådmark, Rasmus. „Förstudie för konvertering till bergvärme vid Gällivare Sjukhus“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78653.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeothermal energy is an alternative that more and more companies choose when it comes to cooling and heating properties, but so far most of the geothermal facilities in Sweden are small-scale. The hospital in Gällivare use district heating and this master thesis is a pilot study to convert from district heating to geothermal energy. The cost for the district heating in Gällivare is one of the highest in Norrbotten and has not increased or decreased the past few years. The mean temperature in Gällivare is low which means that the hospital has a high heat demand but a low cooling requirement. This pilot study analyses three scenarios to convert to geothermal heating system with the possibility to cover the cooling requirement as well. These scenarios are configured to cover 100% of the cooling requirement but different heating demands of 100% for Scenario 1, 50% for Scenario 2a and 40% for Scenario 2b. To cover this demand, Earth Energy Designer 4.1 and Microsoft Excel are used to configure the heating system and to do the comparison between the scenarios. The cooling requirement is calculated based on the outside temperature in Gällivare and the equipment used in the hospital. A simulation was made in IDA-ICE to analyze the cooling requirement for the ventilation and for the people inside the hospital. A comparison between the scenarios was made using the LCC (Life Cycle Cost) method. The LCC was made with a 20 years lifetime on the heating system. In addition, the environmental impact in the form of carbon dioxide emissions is calculated for the different scenarios during the estimated lifespan. The sizes on the heating systems in the different scenarios varies in both the number of boreholes and the depth on the boreholes, which was reflected in the result. Investment cost for the heating system varies between 18 071 tkr for Scenario 2b which covers 40% of the demand and 53 272 tkr for Scenario 1 which covers 100 %. Scenario 2b proves to be the most profitable solution with a payback time of 15 years while Scenario 1 and 2a got a payback time of over 20 years. From an environmental aspect Scenario 1 is the best option with a decreased usage of carbon dioxide of 42 739 tons over 20 years.
Norberg, Patrik. „Utredning av övertonsproblematik vid Bolidens industriella nät“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138395.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInside the industrial grid located in Boliden the presence of harmonic current is so high that It causes a total harmonic distortion of 12% in the voltage. There is a large number of non-linear loads that can cause this distortion connected to the grid, furthermore there is phase compensating equipment connected that may enhance harmonic currents due to resonance. To investigate the cause and the consequences of harmonics in the grid measurements are conducted during four different modes of operation. Initially a large number of measurements are performed during normal operation to show the harmonic distribution. Then measurements at strategic places in the grid are performed while the phase compensating equipment is disconnected with the objective to show if this equipment is part of a resonance circuit. Finally, measurements are performed while the mills in the dressing plant are taken out of production and additional measurements while they are at standstill. The results of all these tests show that there is a high probability that the four mills at the dressing plant, regulated by inverters, causes large harmonic currents. A predominantly large portion of the harmonic current sources has been isolated in a small number of loads. The result also show that these harmonic currents are enhanced by resonance between the phase compensation equipment and inductive elements of the grid. The resulting distortion is of such gravity that it propagates to adjacent grids via the main grid. Since harmonics can cause breakdowns in rotating machinery, transformers and phase compensating equipment, the risk of this is investigated. Calculations show that at current levels the transformers connecting the industrial grid to the main grid can only be operated at 95,5%. The transformer is currently operating at a far lower rate and no risk of damage is at hand. The phase compensation equipment is exposed to large harmonic current. They are also part of a resonance circuit and the assessment is that they are at risk of breakdown. In the dressing plant, there is a 630kW induction motor connected directly to the grid. This motor Is subjected to large harmonic currents causing losses in copper wiring and the iron core but since this machine runs below rated power the assessment is that this does not put it at risk of breakdown. However, there are other ways that a machine of this kind can be damaged due to harmonics and further investigation into this may be warranted. There are plans of installing new, filtered, phase compensating equipment to the grid which most likely will reduce the harmonic content in accordance with the measurements in this report. However, the measurements also show that higher frequency harmonics in the voltage are enhanced when the phase compensation is disconnected, this may have to be taken in to account when the filters are designed. A number of alternative or additional solutions to the harmonic problem is presented in the report.
Thoresson, Josefin. „Omställning – Tillväxt – Effektivisering : Energifrågor vid renovering av flerbostadshus“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122690.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransforming the energy used in apartment buildings have become increasingly important issues. This study examines how energy issues were designed in a refurbishment project for apartment buildings built during the “Million Programme” era in Sweden in the district of Östra Sätra in Gävle. The analytical approach and tools used are based on science and technology studies (STS), actor–network theory (ANT), and urban studies. Specifically, the study applies the concept of assemblages, which in this study are called energy assemblages. Energy issues are examined as they translated and negotiated in practice by actors and how they are incorporated into the refurbishment design. The empirical data are based on qualitative interviews, analyses of documents, and observations. The analyses demonstrate that work on energy issues was intertwined with the city’s work on planning and energy issues, the housing company’s working practices, as well as the laws governing public housing companies. The study also demonstrates that sometimes tensions arose in situations in which different energy assemblage processes collided. The study identifies several areas of tension. First, tensions arose in situations of diverse translations of energy goals. Second, in negotiations about calculations of the financial costs of energy transition. Third, tensions also arose when determining where energy transition should be located. Fourth, about resident participation in energy issues. Fifth, the energy transition timeframe. The study demonstrates that energy efficiency measures were prioritized in the refurbishment as long as they were treated as financially beneficial and did not challenge or change existing relationships, work practices, and customer relations.
Enström, Sara, und Therese Lundell. „Energi och näringsintag hos studenter på handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet : En tredagars kostregistrering“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102656.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLahti, Lisette. „Energi- och miljökonsekvenser av byte till LED-belysning i informationsskyltarna vid Gävle järnvägsstation“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21583.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLindgren, Carl. „Miljövärdering av energianvändning : Utvärdering av Karlstads kommuns kravformulering vid nybyggnation“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFogelström, Frej, und Andreas Rosendal. „Solcellsanläggning vid LTU“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85481.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRehnström, Johan, und Undestam Isak. „Effektivisering av kylmedelskylare på Nybro Energis kraftvärmeverk. : Bibehållen kyleffekt även vid höga omgivningstemperaturer för full effekt på pannan utan att överstrida befintlig ljudnivå. Minskning av elförbrukning“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWaste-cogeneration plants are paid today to receive and burn waste. These revenues are often higher than the revenues from electricity generation and heat production, so you want to burn as much as possible in most circumstances. In order to take advantage of the surplus effect that may occur, it eliminates what you do not need. Nybro Energi's CHP plant in Transtorp uses 6 cooling packs with 4 fans on each in order to cool off this excess power. During installation, the goal was to be able to cool off 10MW but it turned out that during summer when the outdoor temperature became higher, the cooling power could go down to 7MW. Our purpose of investigation was to use a new engine with a higher cos α to test on one of the fans and see if you can increase the cooling power and reduce the consumption of the engines without the cooling packages giving higher noise levels than before. An alternative to only reducing the current on the old motor is to phase compensate and according to calculations the motors current can be reduces from 8.2A to 3.88A. It was found that the new engine when frequency controlled at 40hz pulls higher active power but significantly less reactive power that makes it cheaper in operation. During the measurements to obtain the cooling effect, doubtful values were measured which showed that it cooled worse at 40hz than the previous engine despite a higher fan speed. This is not correct theoretically and it is unreasonable that it will not cool better but a figure exactly how much could not be produced. At 40hz, the new engine will also produce less noise if you choose to replace all 28 engines. This despite the fact that a fan is going to run more at a higher speed, it was found that the noise from the engine itself is lower in the new engine. If you go up to 50hz frequency and expect 28 new engines, you'll get a sound boost of 5dB at 300m compared to the old engine. This can be lowered by 3dB if you manage to eliminate the properties of the adjacent wall sound reflectors. The new engine is recommended as it has many advantages and if you want to drive at higher frequencies, you can advantageously use sound absorbers along the wall to eliminate its double effect on the noise level.
Johnsson, Simon. „Energisystemanalys vid Tekniska verkens kraftvärmeverk“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152446.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe CHP-plant in Linköping (KV1) run by Tekniska verken has experienced an imbalance partly between the amount of fuel added to the boiler and the amount of produced steam, partly between the amount of produced steam and the amount of useful steam in the district heating grid. This thesis aimed to help Tekniska verken investigate the imbalance between the amount of added fuel and the amount of produced steam. The investigation was done by developing a method for calculating the direct and indirect efficiency through studying standards and old theses within the field. Initially there were no clear theory behind what caused the imbalance from Tekniska verken’s side. Before the calculation of the direct and indirect efficiency was initiated, the credibility of the stationary flowmeters was verified. This was done by measuring several waterflows at KV1 with a handheld ultrasonic flowmeter and comparing the measured flows with the flows registered in the stationary flow meters. When the verification of the stationary flow meters was done, the calculations of the indirect efficiency was initiated by collecting ash- and fuel samples for boiler 1 and 3. In connection with the collection of those samples, the air flow rate and temperature at the boiler surface was also measured. The ash- and fuel samples was sent for lab analysis. The collected data was applied in the calculation of unburnt fuel in the ashes, unburnt residual in gas phase, flue gas losses and convection- and radiation losses, which were variables that were necessary for calculating the indirect efficiency. The indirect efficiency was calculated at 92,24 % for boiler 1 and 95,85 % for boiler 3. Those efficiencies were both in line with the boilers expected efficiencies (85-90 % for boiler 1 and over 90 % for boiler 3.) and the efficiencies received in previous theses that had calculated the indirect efficiency in CHP-plants. Except the boiler efficiency, the steam efficiency was also received through the indirect efficiency. The steam efficiency received through indirect efficiency was 90,66 for boiler 1 and 88,79 % for boiler 3. To get perspective from a less complex method, the steam efficiency was also calculated with the direct method (90,22 % for boiler 1 and 97,78 % for boiler 3). Those results indicated that KV1 had higher boiler- and steam efficiencies than what Tekniska verken’s own calculation showed. Three reasons were raised as potential causes to the unsatisfying boiler- and steam efficiencies that Tekniska verken received with their own calculations. Those reasons were the following: • Produced steam that is not going to the turbine is excluded from the steam flow that the calculated steam effect is based on. • The energy content of the biofuel in boiler 3 is changing between point when the fuel is delivered to the storage and the point when it’s fed in to the boiler, due to decay. • Problem with the weigh-in of the fuel. The problem could be related both to the vechicle scale (affecting both boiler 1 and 3) or that the fuel weight from the weigh in at the Gärstad area is used in the calculation of the added fuel energy to the boiler (affecting mostly boiler 3).
Steen, Karl-Mikael. „Utvärdering av vattenrening och identifiering avförluster m a p energi vid Bravikens pappersmaskin 53“. Thesis, Linköping University, Energy Systems, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Master degree project has been performed at the Braviken paper mill on papermachine 53 (PM53) which produces newsprint paper. The current economic situationhas contributed to declining demand for newsprint, which means it is extra important tobe competitive by high energy efficiency. Particularly as energy prices are expected torise when the economic growth returns.One way to increase energy efficiency is by reducing the water use in paper and pulpmills and consequently save energy through reduced heating of water. The thesis's maintask is to evaluate whether a water purification plant (microflotation plant) forpurification of process water in PM 53 is profitable. The microflotation plant enablesreuse of warm process water instead of losing the energy to receiving waters. The thesisalso aims at identifying other positions where losses occur.The water and energy flows within and around PM 53 are complex. A systemdescription and a flowchart have been established to create an overall picture of theflows. Further, a water balance of all the flows passing to and from PM 53 has beencreated. Also, based on the water balance and the temperatures of the flows, an energybalance has been established.The profitability of investing in a microflotation plant was evaluated using theknowledge gained while working with the system description, flowchart, water andenergy balance. The evaluation of the microflotation plant showed that it is not possibleto achieve good enough profitability in such an investment. The reason is that theinvestment cost is high while the reduction of steam consumption used for heating is toosmall.The evaluations of the microflotation plant lead to a deeper knowledge about thesystems used for heating of water. The deeper knowledge resulted in proposals withgreat savings potential, but with low investment costs. Those are:
- Eliminate a cooling water flow to the hot water tank
- Use water in two positions without additional heating
- Optimize the heat recovery towers by increasing the dew point
One of the other losses that were identified was a cooling water flow which is 48oC andtoday released into sewers. The cooling power of this cooling water flow is 720 kW andshould be used for heating.In addition to the measures mentioned in this report, there is great potential to reduceenergy use in the PM 53. To achieve this, lot of work is required. To begin with anaudit, of which temperatures and volume flows are required in all energy usingpositions in the PM 53, could be done. Furthermore, should all the energy losses (lowtemperature flows) leaving the PM 53 be identified. When the audit and identificationwork is performed the results can be used to match the revised requirements in variouspositions with the available low temperature flows.
Sanftleben, Willy. „Installation av energikombinat vid Lillesjöverket : Tekniskt beslutsunderlag åt Uddevalla Energi för val av flistork“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith an energy combine at Lillesjöverket, Uddevalla Energi wants to improve energy efficiency and lower the temperature of the returning district heating water in order to utilize the flue gas condenser more effectively. The assignment was to investigate the availability of power during the summer months and perform a mathematical calculation that will form the basis for the selection of dryer. The selection stood between two options of dryer where the size of the heat exchanger area and investment costs separated them. Also performed were sizing of the district heating water pipeline and the circulation pump from the district heating water network to the dryer. The purpose was to present Uddevalla Energi with a technical basis for selection of the size of the dryer and sizing of energy transfer to the dryer. As method several different calculations were used when calculating the results. When comparing the two options, it turned out that with an increased investment cost of 2.18%, for a larger heat exchange area in the dryer, the amount of energy available to the dryer during the summer months increased by 16.7%. This meant that the cost for energy contributed, for Uddevalla Energi to achieve their goal of 60 GWh, is reduced by 65.9%. To achieve their goal it was required by calculations to install dryer option number two and a reduction in the number of days in which the work is at a standstill due to maintenance.
Ring, Lisa, und Mikaela Söderberg. „Hållbarhetskrav vid offentlig upphandling för ett mer hållbart samhälle : En fallstudie på Gävle Energi“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27434.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOhlsson, Pontus. „Termisk lagring vid Akademiska sjukhuset : Kapning av effekttoppar, ökad redundans och energisäkerhet“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-348020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEngelmark, Johanna. „Förbättringsåtgärder vid nybyggnation av småhus för att uppnå kommande energikrav : En simuleringsstudie i IDA ICE“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe EU has demanded lower energy consumption in buildings through a new directive where each member state has been assigned the task of developing new energy consumption targets for their respective country. In Sweden, Boverket has been assigned this responsibility. There is a concern in the Swedish construction industry that it will be difficult to meet these new requirements. Manufacturers of small houses usually have a standardized design that they now may need to adjust. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate whether a single-family house manufacturer needs to change its standard construction, and if so, what changes could be made to achieve the new requirements for energy usage. By studying current energy requirements and Boverket's proposal for future requirements as well as theories in architectural engineering, the theoretical basis for the thesis has been laid out. A literature study has also been performed of previous studies in the field. Particularly studies of home improvements to get energy-efficient houses have been of great help for this work. A single-family house has been constructed and simulated in the IDA ICE simulation program. The house was made out of wood with a ground source heat pump and FTX ventilation located in climate zone 1. Eight improvements in the house design have been studied with new simulations to identify which of these improvements are appropriate to implement. The most suitable improvements have finally been combined to meet the new energy requirements. The study shows that the current house construction design does not meet future requirements. Based on the delimitations that have been made for this thesis, it is recommended that the following three measures are to be taken; A heat pump with a COP of 4 instead of 3, windows and doors with a U-value of 0.8 W/(m2*K) instead of 1,2 W/(m2*K) and outer walls with a U-value of 0.1 W/(m2*K) instead of 0,137 W/(m2*K). These recommendations are based on the assumption that the proposed new requirements are also applicable for climate zone 1.
Andersson, Erik. „Utvärdering av möjligheten att tillvarata energi ur processvatten : En undersökning gjort vid Olofsfors AB på uppdrag av UMIA AB“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-74495.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOlofsfors AB tillverkar bland annat drivband för skogsmaskiner, inom sitt område välkända som ECO-Tracks, samt slitstål och vägstål till bland annat väghyvlar, grävmaskiner och traktorer vilka går under varumärkena Bruxite och SharqEdges. Vid tillverkning av dessa metallprodukter behöver stålet först värmas och formas, för att sedan doppas i vatten och härdas. Vattnet som används vid härdning av stålet pumpas från pumpgropar under golvet, ut till processen för att sedan pumpas tillbaka till pumpgropen efter att ha använts. Eftersom vattnet efter användning i processen har värmts så behöver temperaturen i pumpgropen justeras för att hålla sitt börvärde på 21°C. Detta görs genom att varmt vatten pumpas ut ur pumpgropen samtidigt som kallt vatten från Leduån som rinner utanför fabriken pumpas in i gropen. Det varma vattnet som pumpas ut ur pumpgropen innehåller energi som inte tillvaratas, detta har gett upphov till syftet för detta arbete vilket är att se över möjligheten att tillvarata delar av energin i vattnet. Två möjliga avsättningsområden för energi på fabriken har valts ut som extra intressanta: Eftervärme av ventilationens tilluft för två aggregat med låg temperaturverkningsgrad samt relativt höga flöden där tillufttemperaturen skall ökas från 9°C till 15°C. Fläktluftvärmare med en total installerad effekt på elbatterier om ca 200 kW som värmer lokaler samt fungerar som luftbarriär vid intagsportar för metall utifrån. Beräkningar av tillgänglig effekt i en av fabrikens pumpgropar under uppvärmningssäsongen oktober till maj samt effektbehov för möjliga avsättningsområden har genomförts. Resultatet av beräkningarna har åskådliggjorts med hjälp av varaktighetsdiagram. Från varaktighetsdiagrammen kan sedan energibehov och tillgänglig energi utläsas. Resultatet av detta: Pumpgrop 887 MWh/oktober-maj Ventilation 642 MWh/år Fläktluftvärmare 515 MWh/år Ett åtgärdsförslag har tagits fram där två värmepumpar levererar varmt vatten för värme av både ventilationens tilluft och vätskebatterier i fläktluftvärmarna. Detta åtgärdsförslag innebär en kostnadsbesparing på ca 390 000 kr/år där pay-off tiden för investeringen är ca 5 år.
Nilsson, Linnea. „Utredning av rökgaskondensatrening vid kraftvärmeverket i Sandviken“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEkberg, Berry Emma. „Analys av drivdonsslitage vid Forsmarks kärnkraftverk : För drivdon på Forsmark 1 och 2“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMårtensson, Sanna. „Analys av energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och uppvärmningsalternativ vid Järvsö reningsverk“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85340.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMost of the Swedish wastewater treatment plants were built during the second half of the 20th century when the heating demand was supplied by burning fossil fuels. Järvsö wastewater treatment plant is an example of a building that still uses fossil oil for heating. This master thesis aimed to minimize the usage of oil at the plant, by studying energy efficiency measures and an alternative heating solution. The goal was to present a cost- and energy-efficient solution to Ljusdal Vatten, which owns and operates the treatment plant, to minimize oil use. The project was divided into two parts, where the first part included energy simulation performed in the simulation software IDA ICE. In the program different efficiency measures categorized into three categories: building, ventilation system, and a combination of these measures were studied. The heating demand was highly affected by replacing the air handling unit with a new unit. Measures connected to the building, however, had a low effect on the demand. During the second part of the project, a case study was carried out where several heat pump solutions and a pellet boiler were assessed based on a simplified multi-criteria analysis in two steps. Initially, the respective alternatives were assessed based on four criteria: independence, reliability, time requirement, and suitability. Secondly, the reduction of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions which a switch of heat source was calculated, and an investment calculation, including the payback time and life cycle cost, was performed. The interesting alternatives were ranked, and the geothermal heat pump received the highest score. The recommendation to Ljusdal Vatten was to invest in this technology. Furthermore, the result showed that all studied heating sources were profitable investments. The thesis conclude that a change of the air handling unit and heating solution is cost-effective and can be applied to replace the current oil use with an alternative fossil-free energy carrier.