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Wong, Siu Wai, Bo-sin Tang, Jinlong Liu, Ming Liang und Winky K. O. Ho. „From “decentralization of governance” to “governance of decentralization”: Reassessing income inequality in periurban China“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 53, Nr. 6 (19.01.2021): 1473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20988013.
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Grassroots village organizations are crucial for understanding the interplay between the decentralization of state power and growing income inequality in periurban China. Based on a study of 380 shareholding cooperatives and 43 administrative villages in Guangdong, we examine how state policy has interacted with village institutions to determine the management and distribution of collective income among villagers. Our findings suggest that the decentralization of power over collective asset management and distribution to these grassroots organizations did not cause a retreat in the state’s capacity for strategic intervention and local regulatory controls. Rather, the state made continued attempts to regain power over village governance through institutional formalization. Such interventions enhanced the access of villagers to state welfare. However, they worsened income disparities among villagers by undermining the village redistributive mechanism based on informal rules.
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Rojas, Carlos A. „An ecosystem approach to human health and the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tumaco, Colombia“. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 17, suppl (2001): S193—S200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2001000700029.
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A study was conducted during 1996-1997 in 20 villages of Tumaco, Colombia, to evaluate the effectiveness of personal protective measures against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The intervention was effective, but the high costs of the preventive measures and the lack of a more holistic approach hampered the intervention's sustainability. This paper analyzes the results using an ecosystem approach to human health. Using this approach, we found that CL has been present in the study area for a long time and affects farmers and those living closest to the forest. The forest constitutes the habitat for insect vectors (sandflies) and parasite reservoirs (wild mammals). Four spatial scales were identified in this ecosystem: residential, village, regional, and global. From the ecosystem perspective, three interventions are proposed to prevent CL in the 20 villages: improve housing construction, organize village housing in clusters, and make diagnosis and treatment of CL more accessible. The design and implementation of these interventions require active involvement by people with the disease (village inhabitants) and decision-makers (local authorities).
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Garain, Swapan. „Business Sharing its Progress with Villagers Towards Developing Model Villages“. GIS Business 1, Nr. 6 (20.12.2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v1i6.5141.
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In a developing country like India, village-centric development is very critical for improving Human Development Index of the country. In this direction, corporate contribution assumes significance for rehabilitation and resettlement of project affected people and overall intervention under its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. Since India is a country of villages, CSR has to be more sensitive towards the economic, social and cultural needs of rural society of the country. In this paper, it is proposed to gear all interventions for promoting model villages. Model village presents a credible vehicle for bringing about sustainability of a village community unit. A model village must have three significant components of infrastructure development, livelihood promotion and provision of services. Infrastructure development must cater to creating basic physical as well as social infrastructure like approach road, school building, community centre and social capital. Promotion of livelihood includes skill training, self-employment, employment opportunities and village enterprise development, while provision for services for the villagers includes health care, education, sanitation, recreational and other community services. Model village plan envisages a self-contained village community at the apex of all the pillars of sustainability, namely, livelihood, infrastructure and services. The future of Indian economy and the prospect of industry are going to depend largely on building sustainable and self-maintained smallest self-governing units called model villages.
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Manjang, Buba, Karla Hemming, Chris Bradley, Jeroen Ensink, James T. Martin, Jama Sowe, Abdou Jarju, Sandy Cairncross und Semira Manaseki-Holland. „Promoting hygienic weaning food handling practices through a community-based programme: intervention implementation and baseline characteristics for a cluster randomised controlled trial in rural Gambia“. BMJ Open 8, Nr. 8 (August 2018): e017573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017573.
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ObjectiveContamination of weaning food leads to diarrhoea in children under 5 years. Public health interventions to improve practices in low-income and middle-income countries are rare and often not evaluated using a randomised method. We describe an intervention implementation and provide baseline data for such a trial.DesignClustered randomised controlled trial.SettingRural Gambia.Participants15 villages/clusters each with 20 randomly selected mothers with children aged 6–24 months per arm.InterventionTo develop the public health intervention, we used: (A) formative research findings to determine theoretically based critical control point corrective measures and motivational drives for behaviour change of mothers; (B) lessons from a community-based weaning food hygiene programme in Nepal and a handwashing intervention programme in India; and (C) culturally based performing arts, competitions and environmental clues. Four intensive intervention days per village involved the existing health systems and village/cultural structures that enabled per-protocol implementation and engagement of whole villager communities.ResultsBaseline village and mother’s characteristics were balanced between the arms after randomisation. Most villages were farming villages accessing health centres within 10 miles, with no schools but numerous village committees and representing all Gambia’s three main ethnic groups. Mothers were mainly illiterate (60%) and farmers (92%); 24% and 10% of children under 5 years were reported to have diarrhoea and respiratory symptoms, respectively, in the last 7 days (dry season). Intervention process engaged whole village members and provided lessons for future implementation; culturally adapted performing arts were an important element.ConclusionThis research has potential as a new low-cost and broadly available public health programme to reduce infection through weaning food. The theory-based intervention was widely consulted in the Gambia and with experts and was well accepted by the communities. Baseline analysis provides socioeconomic data and confirmation of Unicefs Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data on the prevalence of diarrhoea and respiratory symptoms in the dry season in the poorest region of Gambia.Trial registration numberPACTR201410000859336; Pre-results.
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De Shay, Renee, Dawn L. Comeau, Gloria D. Sclar, Parimita Routray und Bethany A. Caruso. „Community Perceptions of a Multilevel Sanitation Behavior Change Intervention in Rural Odisha, India“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 12 (22.06.2020): 4472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124472.
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While latrine coverage is increasing in India, not all household members use their latrines. Cost-effective, culturally appropriate, and theory-informed behavior change interventions are necessary to encourage sustained latrine use by all household members. We qualitatively examined community perceptions of sanitation interventions broadly, along with specific impressions and spillover of community-level activities of the Sundara Grama latrine use behavior change intervention in rural Odisha, India. We conducted sixteen sex-segregated focus group discussions (n = 152) in three intervention and three nonintervention villages and thematically analyzed the data. We found Sundara Grama was well-received by community members and considered educative, but perceptions of impact on latrine use were mixed and varied by activity. Intervention recruitment challenges prevented some, such as women and households belonging to lower castes, from attending activities. Spillover occurred in one of two nonintervention villages, potentially due to positive relations within and between the nonintervention village and nearby intervention village. Community-level sanitation initiatives can be hindered by community divisions, prioritization of household sanitation over community cleanliness, and perceptions of latrine use as a household and individual issue, rather than common good. Community-centered sanitation interventions should assess underlying social divisions, norms, and perceptions of collective efficacy to adapt intervention delivery and activities.
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Afele-Fa’amuli, Salei’a, Whitney Katirai und Mark Dignan. „Effectiveness of a Pilot Community Physical Activity and Nutrition Intervention in American Samoa“. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 7, Nr. 1 (01.09.2009): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v7i1.1317.
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Background: The addition of Western foods to the Samoan diet has greatly affected the health of the American Samoan people. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of culturally tailored exercise and nutrition interventions for adults living in Tutuila, American Samoa. Method: Villages in the eastern, central, and western parts of the island of Tutuila were recruited to participate in this study. Villages were randomly assigned to one of three culturally tailored interventions: 46 individuals in one village participated in an exercise intervention, 27 individuals in another village participated in a nutrition-education intervention, and 22 individuals in a third village participated in a combined exercise and nutrition-education intervention. Participants’ nutrition knowledge was measured at pre- and post-intervention stages through a questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI), height, and weight were assessed at baseline and again at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Differences in mean BMI over time by group, were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA with baseline BMI as a covariate. To test for differences in nutrition knowledge over time by group, pair-wise comparisons were used for the percent of correct answers at baseline and at week 12. Results: All three groups realized a significant decrease in BMI, from 1.35 in the nutrition only group to 2.27 in the exercise and nutrition group. The exercise and nutrition group also showed significant gains in ability to identify foods high in fiber and fat. Implications: This study demonstrates that decreases in BMI and increases in nutritional knowledge can be obtained through a culturally-tailored intervention, especially one that combines nutrition education and exercise.
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Xi, Xuesong, Haiyun Xu, Qiang Zhao und Guohan Zhao. „Making Rural Micro-Regeneration Strategies Based on Resident Perceptions and Preferences for Traditional Village Conservation and Development: The Case of Huangshan Village, China“. Land 10, Nr. 7 (07.07.2021): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070718.
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Micro-regeneration is a gradual renewal strategy that uses small-scale interventions to improve the quality of the living environment and local community, as well as spur industrial development. It is the small-scale interventions that have continued to make micro-regeneration a viable economic rural renewal approach for traditional village conservation and development. As such, in this work we explore potential micro-regeneration strategies and promotions based on assessments of public perception and preferences in an “unlisted” traditional village in China (i.e., an area with limited investment for conservation compared to “listed”, renowned traditional villages). We aim to identify the most perceptible modes of village transformation and industrial development for rural micro-regeneration strategies in the Huangshan traditional village of China. We also tested how the social character of respondents significantly affected their preferences in this regard. The public participatory mapping results illustrated a spatially clustered pattern made up of small spaces and individual buildings demanding micro-regeneration interventions. The survey based on 150 residents living around these sites disclosed that a unified repair approach subsidized by government and traffic condition improvements are the most recognized modes of village transformation, and the tourism is the most perceived and preferred method for industrial development. Significant differences between public perceptions and preferences of both village transformation and industrial development were identified corresponding to gender and income demographics, while village transformation perceptions change is dependent on age. Therefore, our study demonstrates evidence-based recommendations for active and effective rural micro-regeneration practices.
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Lover, Andrew A., Emily Dantzer, Sophia Hocini, Ronaldo Estera, Francois Rerolle, Jennifer L. Smith, Jimee Hwang et al. „Study protocol for a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial to assess the effectiveness of targeted active malaria case detection among high-risk populations in Southern Lao PDR (the AcME-Lao study)“. Gates Open Research 3 (17.12.2019): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13088.1.
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Introduction: Novel interventions are needed to accelerate malaria elimination, especially in areas where asymptomatic parasitemia is common, and where transmission generally occurs outside of village-based settings. Testing of community members linked to a person with clinical illness (reactive case detection, RACD) has not shown effectiveness in prior studies due to the limited sensitivity of current point-of-care tests. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of active case finding in village-based and forested-based settings using novel high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Methods and analysis: This study is a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial. The interventions include village-based mass test and treat (MTAT), focal test and treat in high-risk populations (FTAT), and the combination of these approaches, using high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests (HS-RDTs) to asses P. falciparum infection status. Within four districts in Champasak province, Lao PDR fourteen health center-catchment areas will be randomized to either FTAT or control; and within these HCCAs, 56 villages will be randomized to either MTAT or control. In intervention areas, FTAT will be conducted by community-based peer navigators on a routine basis, and three separate rounds of MTAT are planned. The primary study outcome will be PCR-based Plasmodium falciparum prevalence after one year of implementation. Secondary outcomes include malaria incidence; interventional coverage; operational feasibility and acceptability; and cost and cost- effectiveness. Ethics and dissemination: Findings will be reported on clinicaltrials.gov, in peer-reviewed publications and through stakeholder meetings with Ministry of Health and community leaders in Lao PDR and throughout the Greater Mekong Subregion. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT03783299 (21/12/2018)
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Bhalla, A. „Strategies and Intervention for Cancer Screening at Village Level“. Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (01.10.2018): 232s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.93500.
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Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. The World Health Organization estimates that 7.6 million people died of cancer in 2005 and 84 million people will die in the next 10 years if action is not taken. More than 70% of all cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where resources available for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer are limited or nonexistent. There are 3 common cancers found in wide range in India (oral, breast and cervical). In India the maximum people die due to oral cancer in men and breast cancer in female. Method: The current cancer screening and intervention approaches for the early prevention and detection of cancer, and to outline strategies for future interventions and research at village level. Results and Conclusion: The cancer screening plan is agreed upon by the stakeholders, it should be given the widest possible distribution within the country In resource constrained countries, a plan is more likely to be implemented if it includes fewer, yet sustainable interventions in line with evidence-based priorities, ranging from prevention to end-of-life care, with measurable process and outcome objectives that can be monitored and evaluated if basic information systems are in place. For example, prevention strategies (such as tobacco control and hepatitis B immunization), and treatment interventions linked to early diagnosis (awareness of early signs and symptoms) of a few cancer types (such as cervical and breast cancers) would be key feasible interventions.
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Brewster, Glenna S., Fayron Epps, Clinton E. Dye, Kenneth Hepburn, Melinda K. Higgins und Monica L. Parker. „The Effect of the “Great Village” on Psychological Outcomes, Burden, and Mastery in African American Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia“. Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, Nr. 10 (19.09.2019): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464819874574.
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The " Great Village," a cultural adaptation of a psychoeducation intervention the “ Savvy Caregiver” for African American caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLwD), aims to develop caregivers’ skills and improve the quality of the lives of both the PLwD and their caregivers. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Great Village on depressive symptoms, anxiety, burden, and mastery in African American caregivers ( N = 142). A three-arm randomized control trial ( Great Village, Great Village + exercise, and attention control) was conducted over a period of 6 months. Caregivers who received either Great Village or Great Village + exercise reported significant reduction in depressive symptoms and improvement in mastery. Caregivers who received only Great Village reported a reduction in anxiety. Receiving no intervention worsened caregiver burden. African American caregivers should receive culturally tailored interventions to support their health and well-being and improve their competence in caregiving.
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Kent, Lillian, Pia Reierson, Darren Morton, Kesa Vasutoga und Paul Rankin. „A Community-based Lifestyle Education Program Addressing Non-communicable Diseases in Low-literacy Areas of the South Pacific: A Pilot Control Cohort Study“. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 7, Nr. 3 (05.08.2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2020.7.3.2.
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Lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce chronic disease risk factors. This study examined the effectiveness of an established lifestyle intervention contextualized for low-literacy communities in Fiji. Ninety-six adults from four villages, with waist circumference (WC) indicative of risk of chronic disease, were randomly selected to an intervention or control group. Process evaluation indicated one intervention and one control village fulfilled the study protocol. There were no differences between intervention and control for body mass index BMI (P = 0.696), WC (P = 0.662), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.386), and TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (P = 0.485). The intervention village achieved greater reductions than the control village at 30 and 90 days for systolic blood pressure (30 days: −11.1% vs. −2.5%, P = 0.006; 90 days: −14.5% vs. −6.7%, P = 0.019); pulse rate (30 days: −7.0% vs. −1.1%, P = 0.866; 90 days: −7.1% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.027), and HDL (30 days: −13.9% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.206; 90 days: −18.9% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.001); at 90 days only for diastolic blood pressure (−14.4% vs. −0.2%, P = 0.010); at 30 days only for low-density lipoprotein (−11.6% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.009); and fasting plasma glucose (−10.2% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.032). However, for triglycerides, the control achieved greater reductions than the intervention village at 30 days (35.4% vs. −12.3%, P = 0.008; marginal at 90 days 16.4% vs. −23.5%, P = 0.054). This study provides preliminary evidence of the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the intervention to lower several risk factors for chronic disease over 30 days in rural settings in Fiji and supports consideration of larger studies.
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Setyowati, Setyowati. „Improving The Nutrition of Pregnant Village Women in Indonesia The Important Roles of Village Midwives and Cadres“. Jurnal NERS 10, Nr. 1 (01.04.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v10i12015.1-8.
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Introduction: The maternal mortality remains high in developing countries such as Indonesia. Three most common reasons for this incidence are hemorrhage, infection, and eclampsia. Some of these conditions can be infl uenced by Iron Defi ciency Anemia (IDA). A lot of programs for nutrition have been provided by Indonesian government, but the nutritional condition of pregnant women still be big problem in Indonesia. This study explored the nutritional status of pregnant village women in Banten Province, Indonesia and assessed interventions in dealing with nutrition problems among pregnant women especially in the rural area. Method: The design was a longitudinal descriptive study with operational study by empowering village midwives and cadre to intervene pregnant women nutrition in rural area. The measurements were focused on the rate of anemia, body mass index (BMI), and weight. Three stages were applied in this study with community development as intervention. Result: This study reported some changes in the midwife practises after Intervertion, while cadres more talkative when explaining about nutrition after intervention. However, the intervention did not affect the overall nutritional status of the pregnant women and the intervention was not able to influence the community’s health in the medium term in the intervention villages. Analysis and discussion: This study recommend the government and educational institutions to improve the competencies of health care providers especially in communication skill. Keywords: Community development, Indonesia, nutritional status, pregnant women, rural nursing.
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Bunjak, Ksenija, und Mladen Pešić. „Mapping the vernacular environment: Serbian village atlas as a step towards an eco-village network“. SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 8, Nr. 1 (2016): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1601121b.
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The main research subject is forming optimal local models of the architectural and technological intervention in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia, as a way of climate change adaptation, as well as their feasibility study on the West Pomoravlje area. Each region has its own unique features. Thus, in the territory of the Republic of Serbia can be defined zones with the same local characteristics, using the following criteria of physical and human geography: geo-physiognomic characteristics, climatic characteristics, economic development, and level of urbanity. These criteria are defined as the most important. They are the primary determinants for choosing the architectural and technological interventions within the local model as a way of climate change adaptation. The first part of research deals with the zoning of the Republic of Serbia and defining the zones with the same local characteristics. Atlas of villages, providing their current types and possible future models, will be created. The second part is based on the case study of one of the zones - West Pomoravlje zone. Villages and households within the zone will be analysed and sorted into the types and groups. Further research will be based on the examination of possibilities of transforming the existing villages into the eco-villages, mapping the most appropriate positions for new eco-villages and forming a potential eco-village network.
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Liu, Min. „The Protection and Heritage Strategy of Chongqing Mountain Traditional Villages – An Example of "Xiushan County Zhongling Town Chenjiaba Traditional Village Protection Planning"“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (Juli 2014): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.348.
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In the process of economic and social development, Chongqing rural settlements, especially in the traditional villages have been affected by various factors. The original features of settlement and culture are facing up constantly interventions and challenges, which are gradually have been through decay and ruined. The protection and heritage of traditional villages is imminent. Through the research of " Xiushan County Zhong Ling town Chenjiaba traditional village protection planning", this article provides the exploration of Chongqing mountain traditional villages of protection and heritage strategy pattern, That strengthen the comb guide space texture, Restoration of architectural style, The improvement of the supporting facilities, Landscape environment regulation and so on, Building good architecture and village beautiful environment, In order to glow the vitality and dynamism of traditional villages.
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Metwally, Ammal M., Carine Hanna, Yasmine S. Galal, Rehan M. Saleh, Nihad A. Ibrahim und Nargis Albert Labib. „Impact of Nutritional Health Education on Knowledge and Practices of Mothers of Anemic Children in El Othmanyia Village – Egypt“. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (30.08.2020): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4570.
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BACKGROUND: In Egypt, more than one in four children suffers from some degree of anemia.
AIM: This study was carried out to assess and improve the nutritional knowledge and risky nutritional habits of the mothers of anemic children aged 2–12 years old in El Othmanyia village.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An interventional study was conducted among anemic children aged 2–12 years old and their mothers in El Othmanyia village, Egypt. The study passed through three stages over 1 and ½ years; pre-interventional assessment of awareness (n = 350), educational interventions targeting anemic children and their mothers, and post-interventional evaluation of change in awareness and practice.
RESULTS: The mean knowledge % score of mothers increased significantly after the intervention (82.2 ± 14.2 vs. 6.3 ± 5.8, respectively). Furthermore, the mean hemoglobin of the studied children increased significantly after the intervention (11.1 ± 0.7 vs. 10.5 ± 0.7). The percent of children with anemia decreased significantly from 100% to 40.3% after the intervention (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The knowledge and practices of mothers are moving in a desirable direction after the health education intervention. Hence, nutrition education is an appropriate, effective, and sustainable approach to combat iron deficiency anemia. Recommendations: A multiple interventional strategies between different ministries to set policies and guidelines that support the healthy nutritional behavior among children are recommended.
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Oliveira, Sandra, Ana Gonçalves, Akli Benali, Ana Sá, José Luís Zêzere und José Miguel Pereira. „Assessing Risk and Prioritizing Safety Interventions in Human Settlements Affected by Large Wildfires“. Forests 11, Nr. 8 (06.08.2020): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080859.
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The large wildfires of June 2017 disturbed many communities in central Portugal. The civil parish of Alvares was severely affected, with about 60% of its area burnt. Assessing the risk of large wildfires affecting local communities is becoming increasingly important, to reduce potential losses in the future. In this study, we assessed wildfire risk for the 36 villages of Alvares parish, by combining hazard, exposure and vulnerability analysis at the settlement scale. Hazard was obtained from fire spread simulations, which integrated exposure together with population and building density within each village. Vulnerability was based on the sociodemographic characteristics of the population, ranked with a hierarchical cluster analysis. Coping capacity was also integrated, considering the distance of each village to the fire station and the time needed for residents to reach a shelter. We simulated 12 different land management scenarios, regarding the implementation of a fuel-break network and the level of forest management activities. The potential effects of each scenario in the exposure and risk levels of the settlements were evaluated. The results show that, for a business-as-usual scenario, 36% of the villages are at high or very high risk of wildfires. Examining each risk component, 28% of the villages are highly exposed, 44% are highly vulnerable, and 22% do not have a potential shelter on-site, calling for different intervention strategies in each specific risk dimension. All the land management scenarios, even if designed for other purposes than the protection of settlements, could decrease the proportion of highly exposed villages at different levels, up to a maximum of 61%. These findings can contribute to adjust prevention and mitigation strategies to the risk levels and the characteristics of the population and the territory, and to prioritize the protection and emergency actions at the local scale.
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Budiningsih, Kushartati, Irfan Malik Setiabudi, Elvida Yosefi Suryandari, Deden Djaenudin und Mohamad Iqbal. „CRITERIA AND INDICATORS OF VILLAGE PREPAREDNESS ON FOREST AND LAND FIRES CONTROL“. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan 17, Nr. 2 (25.11.2020): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2020.17.2.123-139.
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The government have prioritized forest and land fires issue become one of their national priorities. Villagebased fire control Approach have been Developed by Encouraging community involvement. That approach considers an existence of village as the site-smallest administrative entity and also fire events occur within village. The validated criteria and indicators are utilized as an instrument for assessing the preparedness performance of villages, specifically on fires control. Those instruments comprise 5 criteria and 20 indicators, which represent their different weight for each. The criteria encompass community participation, technology and infrastructure, land and livelihood, fire control team, and fire control policy. Those instruments have been developed in 5 provinces, comprise South Sumatra, Jambi, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and South Kalimantan. Thus, it can generate classification of fire-preparedness village as following Class A (Good), B (Moderate), and C (Poor). Tarung Manuah (Central Kalimantan) and Jangga Baru (Jambi) villages are an example of village which have a good preparedness condition on fire control (Class A). This assessment tool is easy to use and can be practiced by all parties, in the form of self-assessment. Further, this instrument and its classification can be optimized as a basis for village-based program interventions on conducting fire control.
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Beauchamp, Clements und Milner-Gulland. „Investigating Perceptions of Land Issues in a Threatened Landscape in Northern Cambodia“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 21 (23.10.2019): 5881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215881.
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Land governance highly affects rural communities’ well-being in landscapes where land and its access are contested. This includes sites with high land pressures from development, but also from conservation interventions. In fact, local people’s motivations for sustainably managing their resources is highly tied to their perceptions of security, trust and participation in land management regimes. Understanding these perceptions is essential to ensure the internal legitimacy and sustainability of conservation interventions, especially in areas where development changes are fast paced. This paper presents an analysis of household perceptions of land issues in 20 villages across different conservation and development contexts in Northern Cambodia. We assess whether conservation and development interventions, as economic land concessions, influence perceptions of land issues in control and treatment sites by modelling five key perception indicators. We find that household characteristics rather than village contexts are the main factors influencing the perceptions of land issues. Interventions also affect perceptions, especially with regards to the negative effect of development pressures and population growth. While large-scale protected areas do not calm insecurity about land issues, some village-based payment for environmental services projects do. Ultimately, evidence from perception studies can help address current concerns and shape future conservation activities sustainably.
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Migang, Yena Wineini, Maria Julin Rarome, Marselinus Heriteluna und M. Dawam. „Intervention of Specific Nutrition and Sensitive Nutrition with Nutritional Status of Under Two-Year Infants in Family Planning Village as Efforts to Face the Demographic Bonus“. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 16, Nr. 1 (27.07.2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i1.23172.
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KB Village, through the family development program for children under five years (ttoddler) participated involved interventions of sensitive nutrition and specific nutrition. The purpose of this study is to see the role of the KB village in preventing stunting in toddlers (children under five years) and to find the dominant factors that influence it. The research design is cross sectional with 85 samples of under two-year infants (baduta), the mothers, 5 of KB Villages in Palangka Raya and 2 of KB Villages in East Barito Regency (Bartim). The study is conducted from June to October 2018. Statistical analysis using chi square (α = 5%) with the results of the test ρ 0.02 <α 0.05 that there is a relationship of intervention programs of sensitive nutrition and specific nutrition with the nutritional status of children under five years (toddler). The dominant factor in the nutritional status of under two-year infants (baduta) is exclusive breastfeeding with a value of ρ 0.012 <0.05, RR = 6.702 (95% CI 1.518-29.579), mother’s education ρ 0.001 <0.05, RR 5.281 (95% CI 1.970-14.158). There is a need for family development programs for children under five years and adolescence in implementing intervention programs of sensitive nutrition and specific nutrition, collaborating with the community, managing records and reporting based on success indicators, partnering with policy holders and community empowerment.
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Saparita, Rachmini, Elok Wahju Hidajat und Eki Karsani Apriliyadi. „Pengembangan ekonomi desa penghasil kopi melalui pemanfaatan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Kabupaten Belu“. Riau Journal of Empowerment 2, Nr. 2 (01.10.2019): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/raje.2.2.81-91.
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The research aimed to develop coffee-producing villages economic in Belu District through the use of science and technology in community. Various parties (R & D institutions, central and regional governments and villages) participated synergycally in increasing institutional capacity of farmer groups and BUMDes, introducting science and technology utilization, guiding as well as providing production and marketing facilities, equipment for processing coffee commodities (upstream and downstream), providing facilities and infrastructure to access and support agricultural production. Those interventions are expected could transforme coffee-producing village condition from lag behind to become developing villages.
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Santoso, Dian Kartika, Antariksa Antariksa und Sri Utami. „Tipologi Rumah-Ladang di Desa Enclave Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Ngadas, Kabupaten Malang“. ARSITEKTURA 17, Nr. 2 (31.10.2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v17i2.33140.
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<p class="Abstract"><em>Ngadas village is one of the agricultural villages. Ngadas village was an enclave village of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS). Ngadas people do more activities in the fields than in their homes or dwellings. So, they built a farmhouse around the crop fields. As an agricultural landscape with upland ecology, certainly there have been many human compositions and interventions in its arrangement. It also changed a shaped of farm houses, and now it has a diverse character. So, it is necessary to study the typology of farmhouses in Ngadas Village as an effort to document traditional architecture and Indonesian culture, especially in the upland agrarian community. Qualitative methods have done with a typology approach by grouping similarities and differences based on the form of plans, unit space, layout, space organization, and orientation. The results of the analysis show that there are five types of farmhouses found. A few factors caused by the emergence of the typology of farmhouses in Ngadas Village based on spatial aspects are topographic factors, economic factors, factors in the need for security.</em></p>
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Kim, Rockli, Avleen S. Bijral, Yun Xu, Xiuyuan Zhang, Jeffrey C. Blossom, Akshay Swaminathan, Gary King et al. „Precision mapping child undernutrition for nearly 600,000 inhabited census villages in India“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 18 (26.04.2021): e2025865118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025865118.
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There are emerging opportunities to assess health indicators at truly small areas with increasing availability of data geocoded to micro geographic units and advanced modeling techniques. The utility of such fine-grained data can be fully leveraged if linked to local governance units that are accountable for implementation of programs and interventions. We used data from the 2011 Indian Census for village-level demographic and amenities features and the 2016 Indian Demographic and Health Survey in a bias-corrected semisupervised regression framework to predict child anthropometric failures for all villages in India. Of the total geographic variation in predicted child anthropometric failure estimates, 54.2 to 72.3% were attributed to the village level followed by 20.6 to 39.5% to the state level. The mean predicted stunting was 37.9% (SD: 10.1%; IQR: 31.2 to 44.7%), and substantial variation was found across villages ranging from less than 5% for 691 villages to over 70% in 453 villages. Estimates at the village level can potentially shift the paradigm of policy discussion in India by enabling more informed prioritization and precise targeting. The proposed methodology can be adapted and applied to diverse population health indicators, and in other contexts, to reveal spatial heterogeneity at a finer geographic scale and identify local areas with the greatest needs and with direct implications for actions to take place.
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Bezner Kerr, Rachel, Peter R. Berti und Lizzie Shumba. „Effects of a participatory agriculture and nutrition education project on child growth in northern Malawi“. Public Health Nutrition 14, Nr. 8 (09.11.2010): 1466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010002545.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether children in households involved in a participatory agriculture and nutrition intervention had improved growth compared to children in matched comparable households and whether the level of involvement and length of time in the project had an effect on child growth.DesignA prospective quasi-experimental study comparing baseline and follow-up data in ‘intervention’ villages with matched subjects in ‘comparison’ villages. Mixed model analyses were conducted on standardized child growth scores (weight- and height-for-age Z-scores), controlling for child age and testing for effects of length of time and intensity of village involvement in the intervention.SettingA participatory agriculture and nutrition project (the Soils, Food and Healthy Communities (SFHC) project) was initiated by Ekwendeni Hospital aimed at improving child nutritional status with smallholder farmers in a rural area in northern Malawi. Agricultural interventions involved intercropping legumes and visits from farmer researchers, while nutrition education involved home visits and group meetings.SubjectsParticipants in intervention villages were self-selected, and control participants were matched by age and household food security status of the child. Over a 6-year period, nine surveys were conducted, taking 3838 height and weight measures of children under the age of 3 years.ResultsThere was an improvement over initial conditions of up to 0·6 in weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ; from −0·4 (sd 0·5) to 0·3 (sd 0·4)) for children in the longest involved villages, and an improvement over initial conditions of 0·8 in WAZ for children in the most intensely involved villages (from −0·6 (sd 0·4) to 0·2 (sd 0·4)).ConclusionsLong-term efforts to improve child nutrition through participatory agricultural interventions had a significant effect on child growth.
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Henning, J., J. Morton, R. Pym, T. Hla, K. Sunn und J. Meers. „Economic analysis of interventions to improve village chicken production in Myanmar“. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 110, Nr. 3-4 (Juli 2013): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.01.005.
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Martini, Martini, Sri Yuliawati, Retno Hestiningsih, Nissa Kusariana und Sudjut Haryanto. „PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PENURUNAN KEPADATAN TIKUS DI SUMURBOTO, KECAMATAN BANYUMANIK, SEMARANG“. Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit 11, Nr. 1 (30.06.2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vk.v11i1.1407.
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Semarang, the capital city of Central Java Province, is one of the endemic areas in Indonesia with increasing case fatality rate in the last three years. Accordingly, the educational intervention is fundamentally requested. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of health education intervention on the community knowledge improvement and its implication for reducing the rat populations. The study was performed using field experiment with pretest and post test designs. A total of 55 cadres and housewives joining on the various education program at Sumurboto Village, Banyumanik Sub district, Semarang was used as research subjects. The health education interventions introduced in the study were counselling and mentoring. ,Data were analyzed using paired t-test. The results revealed that the knowledge of the subject research significantly increased and the rat populations significantly decreased after being given the educational intervention. The rat species identified in Sumurboto Village were Rattus norvegicus, R. tanezumi, R. exulans and Suncus murinus. The knowledge score before and after the intervention was 80.87 and 88.83 respectively. Meanwhile, the rat populations measured by trap success method reduced from 8% to 6% after the intervention. Nevertheless, the rat population in Sumurboto Village is considerably relative high indicating that the village possessed a high risk on leptospirosis attack. It is strongly suggested that the health education intervention in the community should be regularly maintained in order to accelerate the knowledge of leptospirosis and reduce the rat populations.
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GARRETT, V., P. OGUTU, P. MABONGA, S. OMBEKI, A. MWAKI, G. ALUOCH, M. PHELAN und R. E. QUICK. „Diarrhoea prevention in a high-risk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting“. Epidemiology and Infection 136, Nr. 11 (21.01.2008): 1463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880700026x.
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SUMMARYLack of access to safe water and sanitation contributes to diarrhoea moribidity and mortality in developing countries. We evaluated the impact of household water treatment, latrines, shallow wells, and rainwater harvesting on diarrhoea incidence in rural Kenyan children. We compared diarrhoea rates in 960 children aged <5 years in 556 households in 12 randomly selected intervention villages and six randomly selected comparison villages during weekly home visits over an 8-week period. On multivariate analysis, chlorinating stored water [relative risk (RR) 0·44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28–0·69], latrine presence (RR 0·71, 95% CI 0·54–0·92), rainwater use (RR 0·70, 95% CI 0·52–0·95), and living in an intervention village (RR 0·31, 95% CI 0·23–0·41), were independently associated with lower diarrhoea risk. Diarrhoea risk was higher among shallow well users (RR 1·78, 95% CI 1·12–2·83). Chlorinating stored water, latrines, and rainwater use all decreased diarrhoea risk; combined interventions may have increased health impact.
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Negi, Rashmi, und Prof Chinna Devi. „Outcome of Swa- Prerit Adrash Gram Yojana and Project Interventions among Rural Population of Budhera Village, Gurugram, Haryana“. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-5 (31.08.2017): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2399.
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Kamble, R. K. „Sustainable Development of Jardhar Village, Uttarakhand, India Through Participatory Learning and Action“. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 1, Nr. 1 (15.01.2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i1.8961.
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Jardhar village is located in the Himalayan range of Chamba block of Tehri Garhwal district of Uttrakhand state of India. The village is divided into 9 wards and 17 hamlets at a stretch of 9 km. The village comprises of about 285 families from general and scheduled caste (2001 census). The participatory learning action (PLA) methodology was adopted for the sustainable development of Jardhar village. A field study was carried out in summer 2013. During filed visit problem matrix analysis was carried out, which revealed 17 problems from the study area. In addition to this, reasons for causes of poverty were also assessed. The problems were ranked according to the priority of villagers from diverse socio-economic background through PLA and suitable S&T interventions were arrived through brainstorming activities. An integrated action plan was prepared which emphasize upon short term and long term measures to be adopted to overcome these problems and to move toward sustainable development of the Jardhar village. The interaction of all these measures for effective implementation has also been suggested.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i1.8961 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol.1(1) 2014 29-34
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Chivasa, Norman. „Instituting village savings and loan associations scheme through action research in Zimbabwe“. International Journal of Action Research 16, Nr. 3-2020 (13.01.2021): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v16i3.02.
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lage savings and loan associations schemes have become one of the critical survival strategies amidst poverty, inequality and financial exclusion thus helping low income communities to ride out poverty and make their savings and to eke out a living. However, the use of scientific procedures by ordinary people when establishing such initiatives in their villages is under-reported. This study, therefore, sought to test the utility of the action research (AR) methodology in establishing a low cost village savings and loan associations scheme intervention, with a view to assessing the extent to which the scheme can improve the livelihoods of members of the scheme, and draw lessons for future interventions. The process involved planning, designing, establishing and evaluating a village savings and loan association scheme initiative involving 15 individual members (inclusive of the researcher) in ward 8 of Seke district, Zimbabwe. Results showed that creating village savings and loan associations is possible using action research, as community participation in the design, implementation and day-to-day operations of such initiatives guaranteeing ownership and control of the initiative by the host group scheme are almost natural to action research. One of the comparative advantages of using action research is that it creates spaces for ordinary people to share their experiences, reflect, and come up with context-specific solutions, as they take responsibility for their financial wellbeing, thus helping to meet their socio-economic needs and aspirations. The strength of village savings and loan associations is that they can be replicated. The study recommends that in the era of COVID-19, social distancing rules and regulations introduced to contain the virus should be observed.
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Amalia Rohmah, Rizqi, Yayi Suryo Prabandari und Lily Arsanti Lestari. „Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate safe food village development programme through the food safety movement in village in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia“. BIO Web of Conferences 28 (2020): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202805004.
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Unsafe food is a major threat to public health both globally and in the Southeast Asia region. In Indonesia, various food safety problems are still encountered such as cases of food poisoning, food containing hazardous materials and poor food handlers’ sanitation hygiene. One of The National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC)’s efforts to overcome food safety issues in Indonesia is the development of safe food villages with village community-based food safety interventions through the Food Safety Movement in Village (Gerakan Keamanan Pangan Desa/GKPD). The study used RE-AIM framework with a case study design. The study sites were Pandowoharjo Village, Sendangsari Village and Mangunan Village, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Informants were selected purposively as many as 73 people. Data were collected through six FGDs, 16 interviews face to face and using telephone, observation and document review. The analytical approach used was qualitative content analysis with Opencode software version 3.6.2.0. The results of the study showed that the GKPD program involved community policy makers (village officials), the formation of food safety cadres from various community groups (family health empowerment organization, youth organizations, teachers) and the fostering of various food provider communities in the village (housewives, home-industries, food retailers, school canteen, and street food vendors), as well as the involvement of public health centre, but in its implementation there were obstacles to the adoption of food safety practices by the food vendors community which caused the program to not be fully effective in changing food safety behaviour due to economic and human resources factors.
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Santoso, Marianne V., Rachel N. Bezner Kerr, Neema Kassim, Haikael Martin, Elias Mtinda, Peter Njau, Kelvin Mtei, John Hoddinott und Sera L. Young. „A Nutrition-Sensitive Agroecology Intervention in Rural Tanzania Increases Children's Dietary Diversity and Household Food Security But Does Not Change Child Anthropometry: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Trial“. Journal of Nutrition 151, Nr. 7 (11.05.2021): 2010–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab052.
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ABSTRACT Background There are urgent calls for the transformation of agriculture and food systems to address human and planetary health issues. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture and agroecology promise interconnected solutions to these challenges, but evidence of their impact has been limited. Objectives In a cluster-randomized trial (NCT02761876), we examined whether a nutrition-sensitive agroecology intervention in rural Tanzania could improve children's dietary diversity. Secondary outcomes were food insecurity and child anthropometry. We also posited that such an intervention would improve sustainable agricultural practices (e.g., agrobiodiversity, intercropping), women's empowerment (e.g., participation in decision making, time use), and women's well-being (e.g., dietary diversity, depression). Methods Food-insecure smallholder farmers with children aged <1 y from 20 villages in Singida, Tanzania, were invited to participate. Villages were paired and publicly randomized; control villages received the intervention after 2 y. One man and 1 woman “mentor farmer” were elected from each intervention village to lead their peers in agroecological learning on topics including legume intensification, nutrition, and women's empowerment. Impact was estimated using longitudinal difference-in-differences fixed-effects regression analyses. Results A total of 591 households (intervention: n = 296; control: n = 295) were enrolled; 90.0% were retained to study end. After 2 growing seasons, the intervention improved children's dietary diversity score by 0.57 food groups (out of 7; P < 0.01), and the percentage of children achieving minimum dietary diversity (≥4 food groups) increased by 9.9 percentage points during the postharvest season. The intervention significantly reduced household food insecurity but had no significant impact on child anthropometry. The intervention also improved a range of sustainable agriculture, women's empowerment, and women's well-being outcomes. Conclusions The magnitude of the intervention's impacts was similar to or larger than that of other nutrition-sensitive interventions that provided more substantial inputs but were not agroecologically focused. These data suggest the untapped potential for nutrition-sensitive agroecological approaches to achieve human health while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
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Oo, Win Han, Aung Thi, Win Htike, Paul A. Agius, Julia C. Cutts, Kyawt Mon Win, Nay Yi Yi Linn et al. „Evaluation of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a Community-delivered Integrated Malaria Elimination (CIME) model in Myanmar: protocol for an open stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 8 (August 2021): e050400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050400.
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IntroductionIn the Greater Mekong Subregion, community health workers, known as malaria volunteers, have played a key role in reducing malaria in the control phase, providing essential malaria services in areas with limited formal healthcare. However, the motivation and social role of malaria volunteers, and testing rates, have declined with decreasing malaria burden and reorientation of malaria programmes from control to elimination. Provision of additional interventions for common health concerns could help sustain the effectiveness of volunteers and maintain malaria testing rates required for malaria elimination accreditation by the WHO.Methods and analysisThe Community-delivered Integrated Malaria Elimination (CIME) volunteer model, integrating interventions for malaria, dengue, tuberculosis, childhood diarrhoea and malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)-negative fever, was developed based on global evidence and extensive stakeholder consultations. An open stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial, randomised at the volunteer level, will be conducted over 6 months to evaluate the effectiveness of the CIME model in Myanmar. One hundred and forty Integrated Community Malaria Volunteers (ICMVs, current model of care) providing malaria services in 140 villages will be retrained as CIME volunteers (intervention). These 140 ICMVs/villages will be grouped into 10 blocks of 14 villages, with blocks transitioned from control (ICMV) to intervention states (CIME), fortnightly, in random order, following a 1-week training and transition period. The primary outcome of the trial is blood examination rate determined by the number of malaria RDTs performed weekly. Difference in rates will be estimated across village intervention and control states using a generalised linear mixed modelling analytical approach with maximum likelihood estimation.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by Institutional Review Board, Myanmar Department of Medical Research (Ethics/DMR/2020/111) and Alfred Hospital Ethics Review Committee, Australia (241/20). Findings will be disseminated in peer-review journals, conferences and regional, national and local stakeholder meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04695886
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Udo, H. M. J., A. H. Asgedom und T. C. Viets. „Modelling the impact of interventions on the dynamics in village poultry systems“. Agricultural Systems 88, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 2006): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.04.001.
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Pasa, Rajan Binayek. „Technological Intervention in Agriculture Development“. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 14, Nr. 1-2 (10.12.2017): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19652.
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Agriculture sector is the single largest employer in the world. Even in Nepal, agriculture sector provides net employment to 60 percent people. In this contexts, this study highlighted importance of technological intervention in agriculture development. However, focus was given to assess socio-economic situations of the farmers and impact of modern technological interventions. In so doing, the survey was conducted in Lele Village of Godavari Municipality. The respondents were randomly selected 152 sample households using modern/traditional agriculture technologies. The necessary primary data collected through households’ survey questionnaires, observation and informal communications whereas secondary data generated from published/unpublished books, journals, inter/national reports and local level profiles. The study found that modern technological intervention has been fostering commercial farming activities in Lele village and increased family income, creating self-employment and generating rural economy in particular and supporting to the rural development process in general. Further, local development stakeholders need to provide technical/financial supports to the farmers for mounting intervention of modern agriculture technology in Lele village. The finding of the study has possibility to replicate in similar situation throughout the country.Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 86-97
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Marlena, Feny, und Rita Juniarti. „Pengaruh Pijat (Massage) terhadap Perubahan Intensitas Nyeri Rematik pada Lansia di Desa Kertapati Puskesmas Dusun Curup Bengkulu Utara“. JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU 7, Nr. 2 (25.10.2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36085/jkmu.v7i2.382.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of massage on the intensity of rheumatic pain in the elderly in the village of Kertapati, Puskesmas, Dusun Curup, North Bengkulu. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi experimental research design with pre and post test design research designs. The sample in this study amounted to 10 people taken by purposive sampling technique. The analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis, the statistical test used is the t-dependent test. The results of the study, the average value of rheumatic pain before a massage intervention (massage) in the elderly in the village of Kertapati, Curup Hamlet North Bengkulu is 5.2 and after the intervention is 3.4. T-dependent test results found that there were significant differences in the value of pain before and after massage intervention (massage) with a value of 0,000. In conclusion, there is an effect of massage on the intensity of rheumatic pain in the elderly in the village of Kertapati, Puskesmas, Dusun Curup, North Bengkulu. It is expected to provide optimal nursing care, especially massage interventions to the elderly and can socialize massage skills to the elderly, so that they can independently massage when there is a pain attack.Keywords: Elderly, Rheumatic Pain, Massage
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Candelo, Natalia, Catherine Eckel und Cathleen Johnson. „Social Distance Matters in Dictator Games: Evidence from 11 Mexican Villages“. Games 9, Nr. 4 (02.10.2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g9040077.
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We examine the impact of social distance in dictator game giving. The study is conducted in a field setting with high stakes (two days’ wages). The sample is a representative sample from eleven low-income Mexican villages. Subjects make multiple dictator decisions simultaneously, in a comparative dictator game. We show the relationship between social distance and giving using several family members, a member of the same village, and a stranger from a different village. Dictator giving shows substantial variation across recipient types and varies directly with social distance. We find higher giving towards family members than towards community members and strangers. Furthermore, our results indicate that giving to community members and to strangers is not different. In light of our results, it is important to consider the impact of social distance on inter- and intra-household transfers in policy interventions that alleviate poverty, e.g., conditional transfers.
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Bale, Claudia. „Identifying Communities’ Perspectives on their Health Needs in Impoverished Villages to Guide Non-government Organizations’ Health Promotion Efforts in Guatemala“. Christian Journal for Global Health 7, Nr. 5 (21.12.2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.391.
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Objective: The aim of this mixed-methods study is to capture and understand impoverished Guatemalan community members’ perspectives of their own health needs on a community level in order to guide Hope of Life (HOL) Non-Profit organization’s health promotion interventions in the villages they serve.
Methods: A modified health needs assessment survey was conducted with 96 participants from four impoverished villages in the department of Zacapa, Guatemala. Survey responses were analyzed for significant differences in 4-item individual, family, and community health scores across demographic variables and significant correlations with reported personal health conditions and children’s health conditions. Five semi-structured interviews were also conducted with community leaders from three of the villages surveyed. Interviews were audio recorded and responses were transcribed verbatim and translated from Spanish to English. Thematic analysis using HyperRESEARCH qualitative analysis software version 4.5.0. was conducted to identify major themes.
Results: The mean age of the 96 participants surveyed was 40.4 years and the majority were women, married or in Union, and have children. Women reported a significantly lower individual and family health score than men. The most rural village included in the study had significantly lower family health scores than the three sub-urban villages in the study. Among the personal health problems reported by participants, alcohol consumption, dental problems, and malnutrition were significant predictors of lower individual health scores. Themes that emerged from the interview analysis included the greatest community health needs, perceived negative community health behaviors, barriers to health care access, HOL’s impact, and suggestions for community health promotion.
Conclusion: The results of this study reveal many unmet health needs and barriers to healthcare that Guatemalan village communities face. Community-based participatory research using a mixed approach voices communities’ perspective on their perceived needs and is an important tool to guide non-profit aid and intervention serving impoverished communities.
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Yi, Kuo Jze. „The Last Ten Years of Traditional Craftsmanship in Miaoxia Village“. Cubic Journal, Nr. 3 (November 2020): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31182/cubic.2020.3.027.
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This article reflects on the disappearing carpentry tradition in a rural village called Miaoxia in Sichuan Province China. Since 2015, villagers, social workers, architects, and university scholars have been collaborating to look for alternative development possibilities in Miaoxia Village. The idea of using the local carpentry tradition has been one of the key focusses in the process. Since the Chinese Economic Reform in 1978, the influence of urbanisation and market economy in China has led the Chinese government to rethink the value of rural customs and traditions. While the country has been encouraging progressive economic development, local making culture and development have subsequently been under threat. The collaborations between social workers and design professions in Miaoxia tested small-scale architecture interventions and educational workshops. These experiments have started to record and test out different ways to save carpentry traditions from extinction. This article outlines this process in Miaoxia and asks for new ideas to re-utilise this traditional making.
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Bilgin, Elif Acar, Tülin Vural Arslan und Selen Durak. „Physical Changes in World Heritage Sites under the Pressure of Tourism: The Case of Cumalıkızık Village in Bursa“. European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, Nr. 2 (01.06.2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n2p249.
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Bursa, the first capital city of Ottoman Empire, was inscribed into UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014 with Khans Area, Sultan Complexes (Kulliyes) and Cumalıkızık village representing the relationship between urban and rural areas of Early Ottoman Period. Cumalıkızık Village is one of the most popular rural settlements in Bursa which maintains its urban fabric, road pattern, and traditional houses. Under the pressure of increasing tourism, traditional houses began to be used for commercial purposes with the interventions made by their owners which threatens the sustainability and preservation of their authenticity and integrity. This paper aims to determine the interventions in historic dwellings and courtyards due to tourism. For this purpose, three historic houses on the most visited sightseeing route starting from the village square, continuing along the nodes of the settlement following the mosque and the hammam (public bath) to examine the physical changes under the effect of tourism. Keywords: cultural tourism; rural heritage; world heritage sites; Cumalıkızık; Bursa
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Hung, Kevin K. C., Makiko K. MacDermot, Emily Y. Y. Chan, Sida Liu, Zhe Huang, Chi S. Wong, Joseph H. Walline und Colin A. Graham. „CCOUC Ethnic Minority Health Project: A Case Study for Health EDRM Initiatives to Improve Disaster Preparedness in a Rural Chinese Population“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 10 (17.05.2021): 5322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105322.
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Disasters disproportionately impact poor and marginalised populations due to greater vulnerability induced by various risk determinants, such as compromised living conditions, language barriers, and limited resources for disaster risk management. Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM) emphasises a people- and community-centred approach for building stronger capacities in communities and countries since community members are often the first responders to health emergencies and should be central to effective risk management. A key action for promoting community disaster preparedness is the provision of Health EDRM education interventions. The Ethnic Minority Health Project (EHMP) has provided community-based Health EDRM education interventions in 16 ethnic minority-based villages in remote areas of China since 2009. It aims to enhance community disaster preparedness and resilience by improving health-risk literacy and self-help capacity at the individual and household levels. This case study outlines the first EHMP project in an ethnic minority-based community (Ma’an Qiao Village) in Sichuan Province, China. It highlights the key elements for planning and managing such a project and is a good demonstration of an effective Health EDRM workforce development project in rural communities. This report concludes with five recommendations for setting up a sustainable and effective Health EDRM education intervention in similar contexts.
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E, H. Van der Waaij E, M. J. Udo H, Tadelle D und A. M. Van Arendonk J. „Village poultry production system: Perception of farmers and simulation of impacts of interventions“. African Journal of Agricultural Research 11, Nr. 24 (16.06.2016): 2075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2015.10493.
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Shi, Xiaoping, Shujie Chen, Xianlei Ma und Jing Lan. „Heterogeneity in interventions in village committee and farmland circulation: Intermediary versus regulatory effects“. Land Use Policy 74 (Mai 2018): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.02.030.
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Ray, Alison M., und HM Salihu. „The impact of maternal mortality interventions using traditional birth attendants and village midwives“. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 24, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610310001620206.
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Tsheola, Johannes. „Rural Women's Survivalist Livelihoods and State Interventions in Ga-Ramogale Village, Limpopo Province“. African Development Review 24, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2012.00319.x.
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M., Selam. „Causes of village chicken mortality and interventions by farmers in Adaa District, Ethiopia“. International Journal of Livestock Production 4, Nr. 6 (30.08.2013): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijlp12.021.
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Johri, Mira, Dinesh Chandra, Karna Georges Kone, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Alok K. Mathur, Sam Harper und Arijit Nandi. „Social and Behavior Change Communication Interventions Delivered Face-to-Face and by a Mobile Phone to Strengthen Vaccination Uptake and Improve Child Health in Rural India: Randomized Pilot Study“. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, Nr. 9 (21.09.2020): e20356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20356.
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Background In resource-poor settings, lack of awareness and low demand for services constitute important barriers to expanding the coverage of effective interventions. In India, childhood immunization is a priority health strategy with suboptimal uptake. Objective To assess study feasibility and key implementation outcomes for the Tika Vaani model, a new approach to educate and empower beneficiaries to improve immunization and child health. Methods A cluster-randomized pilot trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, from January to September 2018. Villages were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. In each participating village, surveyors conducted a complete enumeration to identify eligible households and requested participation before randomization. Interventions were designed through formative research using a social marketing approach and delivered over 3 months using strategies adapted to disadvantaged populations: (1) mobile health (mHealth): entertaining educational audio capsules (edutainment) and voice immunization reminders via mobile phone and (2) face-to-face: community mobilization activities, including 3 small group meetings offered to each participant. The control group received usual services. The main outcomes were prespecified criteria for feasibility of the main study (recruitment, randomization, retention, contamination, and adoption). Secondary endpoints tested equity of coverage and changes in intermediate outcomes. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics to assess feasibility, penalized logistic regression and ordered logistic regression to assess coverage, and generalized estimating equation models to assess changes in intermediate outcomes. Results All villages consented to participate. Gaps in administrative data hampered recruitment; 14.0% (79/565) of recorded households were nonresident. Only 1.4% (8/565) of households did not consent. A total of 387 households (184 intervention and 203 control) with children aged 0 to 12 months in 26 villages (13 intervention and 13 control) were included and randomized. The end line survey occurred during the flood season; 17.6% (68/387) of the households were absent. Contamination was less than 1%. Participation in one or more interventions was 94.0% (173/184), 78.3% (144/184) for the face-to-face strategy, and 67.4% (124/184) for the mHealth strategy. Determinants including place of residence, mobile phone access, education, and female empowerment shaped intervention use; factors operated differently for face-to-face and mHealth strategies. For 11 of 13 intermediate outcomes, regression results showed significantly higher basic health knowledge among the intervention group, supporting hypothesized causal mechanisms. Conclusions A future trial of a new intervention model is feasible. The interventions could strengthen the delivery of immunization and universal primary health care. Social and behavior change communication via mobile phones proved viable and contributed to standardization and scalability. Face-to-face interactions remain necessary to achieve equity and reach, suggesting the need for ongoing health system strengthening to accompany the introduction of communication technologies. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 44840759; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN44840759
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Lake, Susanna J., Daniel Engelman, Oliver Sokana, Titus Nasi, Dickson Boara, Anneke C. Grobler, Millicent H. Osti et al. „Defining the need for public health control of scabies in Solomon Islands“. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, Nr. 2 (22.02.2021): e0009142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009142.
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Pacific Island countries have a high burden of scabies and impetigo. Understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases is needed to target public health interventions such as mass drug administration (MDA). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of scabies and impetigo in Solomon Islands as well as the relationship between them and their distribution. We conducted a prevalence study in 20 villages in Western Province in Solomon Islands. All residents of the village were eligible to participate. Nurses conducted clinical assessments including history features and skin examination. Diagnosis of scabies was made using the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies diagnostic criteria. Assessments were completed on 5239 participants across 20 villages. Overall scabies prevalence was 15.0% (95%CI 11.8–19.1). There was considerable variation by village with a range of 3.3% to 42.6%. There was a higher prevalence of scabies in males (16.7%) than females (13.5%, adjusted relative risk 1.2, 95%CI 1.1–1.4). Children aged under two years had the highest prevalence (27%). Overall impetigo prevalence was 5.6% (95%CI 4.2–7.3), ranging from 1.4% to 19% by village. The population attributable risk of impetigo associated with scabies was 16.1% (95% CI 9.8–22.4). The prevalence of scabies in our study is comparable to previous studies in Solomon Islands, highlighting a persistent high burden of disease in the country, and the need for public health strategies for disease control.
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Philip, Lorna, und Fiona Williams. „Healthy Ageing in Smart Villages? Observations from the Field“. European Countryside 11, Nr. 4 (01.12.2019): 616–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0034.
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Abstract In the context of demographically ageing communities across rural Europe Smart Villages have considerable potential to promote ageing healthy. Whilst in principle supporting healthy ageing in the context of the Smart Village might appear a relatively straightforward endeavour, in operational terms, successful development of smart, 21st century villages relies upon, and sometimes assumes, an appropriate interplay of socio-technological factors. Articulated through a lens provided by the digital ecosystem model advocated by the European Network for Rural Development (2018), this paper offers some observations from the field. We acknowledge the challenges faced by remote rural places in their journey to become ‘smart places’ and identify formal and informal interventions that could better position rural communities to become part of a wider, smart society.
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Birhanu, Mulugeta Y., Tesfahun Alemayehu, Jasmine E. Bruno, Fasil Getachew Kebede, Emmanuel Babafunso Sonaiya, Ezekiel H. Goromela, Oladeji Bamidele und Tadelle Dessie. „Technical Efficiency of Traditional Village Chicken Production in Africa: Entry Points for Sustainable Transformation and Improved Livelihood“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (30.07.2021): 8539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158539.
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Increasing poultry product consumption trends have attracted researchers and development practitioners to look for interventions that transform the low-input low-output-based village chicken production to a high yielding production system. However, due to the intricate nature of the production system, there is a dearth of evidence that helps design comprehensive interventions at the smallholder level. Using national-level representative data collected from 3555 village chicken producers in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania, this study examines the technical efficiency of village chicken production and investigates the main factors that explain the level of inefficiency. We applied a stochastic frontier analysis to simultaneously quantify the level of technical efficiency and identify factors associated with heterogeneity in inefficiency. We found that the level of technical efficiency is extremely low in the three countries, suggesting enormous opportunities to enhance productivity using available resources. The heterogeneity in technical efficiency is strongly associated with producers’ experience in breed improvements and flock management, limited technical knowledge and skills, limited access to institutions and markets, smaller flock size, gender disparities, and household livelihood orientation. We argue the need to adopt an integrated approach to enhance village producers’ productivity and transform the traditional subsistence-based production system into a commercially oriented semi-intensive production system.
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Tamasese, Taimalieutu Kiwi, Allister Bush, Tafaoimalo Loudeen Parsons, Richard Sawrey und Charles Waldegrave. „Asiasiga i A’oga ma Nu’u: a child and adolescent post-tsunami intervention based on Indigenous Samoan values“. Australasian Psychiatry 28, Nr. 1 (02.09.2019): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219866323.
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Objective: To describe a community-based single-session group intervention designed to address psychosocial needs of Samoan young people following a tsunami. Method: This programme resulted from collaboration between Samoan therapists, Samoan Catholic pastoral care workers and non-Samoan mental health clinicians. Informed by Samoan concepts of self and wellbeing, it incorporated cultural and spiritual practices familiar to Samoan young people and their families as well as body-centred therapeutic techniques, the ‘Tree of life’ exercise and provision of a cooked meal. Results: Following household visits to affected families in villages throughout southern and eastern Upolu and the island of Manono, the programme was devised and carried out in 11 villages with 1295 children participating. There was a high degree of acceptance of the programme by Pulenu’u (village governance leaders), young people, their families and community members. Conclusions: Interventions to address the psychological needs of Indigenous Pacific children and adolescents following a major disaster need to be embedded in the values of their communities. This paper describes an innovative programme based on Samoan values that was consistent with evidence-informed principles used to guide post-disaster responses.