Dissertationen zum Thema „Vignobles – Résistance au gel“
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Casbonne-Renaud, Frédérique. „Comportement aux cycles gel-dégel des bétons de granulats calcaires“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL053N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLardon, André. „Effets du gel sur la floraison du colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L. ) : sensibilité des organes reproducteurs, impact sur les rendements grainiers et recherche de marqueurs biochimiques de résistance“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoirier, Magalie. „Etude écophysiologique de l'endurcissement au gel des arbres : impact des conditions estivales de croissance sur la résistance au gel des arbres“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21857.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRougnon-Glasson, Nathalie. „Gel d'un fluide chaud s'écoulant sur une paroi froide : modélisation de la résistance d'interface“. Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePopic, Aleksandra. „Influence du type de mûrissement et de l'autodessiccation sur la résistance au gel des bétons“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0031/MQ67710.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePopic, Aleksandra. „Influence du type de mûrissement et de l'autodessiccation sur la résistance au gel des bétons“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5484.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelon, Elodie. „Procédé dual de mise en forme de barrières thermiques architecturées (durabilité, résistance aux CMAS) et de réparation de barrières thermiques endommagées“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30334/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the aeronautics sector, environmental concerns are becoming increasingly important. Engine manufacturers are looking for innovative solutions to increase efficiency while lowering costs. The objective is to optimize thermal conductivity and durability with the cyclic oxidation resistance. In this perspective, new thermal barrier systems synthesized by the sol-gel route from commercial powders, ceramics with various form factors and pore-forming agents have been implemented and evaluated. Some systems are a lifetime higher than 1000 cycles in cyclic oxidation. However, this increase in the operating temperatures of the engines induces an increase in the temperature of the surfaces of the thermal barriers and can generate further degradations of the complete system: the corrosion by CMAS. To overcome these disadvantages, it is possible to develop anti-CMAS coatings capable of reacting with CMAS compounds before they have a detrimental effect on the integrity of the thermal barrier. In this study, we were particularly interested in anti-CMAS protective coatings based on yttria and pyrochlore systems, which were tested on industrial thermal barriers realized by EBPVD. Moreover, the processes we have developed, based on the sol-gel path, allow us, because of their ease of implementation, to envisage promising prospects in terms of repair of damaged thermal barriers. Indeed, given the high cost of manufacturing parts, the blades should be repaired several times before being discarded. In this work, a shaping process has been evaluated in this direction. This is electrophoretic deposition which is a technique allowing to deposit on complex parts. The objective of these investigations was therefore twofold: firstly to create new thermal barrier systems with anti-CMAS properties by electrophoretic deposition and then to repair the damaged EBPVD thermal barriers and to deposit an anti-CMAS protective layer by this same process. This "process" aspect will be discussed at the end of this work
Avia, Komlan. „Colocalisation de gènes candidats positionnels avec des QTL de la tolérance au gel chez Medicago truncatula“. Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1763.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlants from temperate regions can increase freezing tolerance after an exposure to low non-freezing temperatures, a process known as cold acclimation. Cold acclimation induces several physiological, biochemical and molecular alterations. For a better understanding of its genetic determinism in legumes such as pea in order to improve their freezing tolerance, we used the model species Medicago truncatula. The objective of this thesis was to identify the genetic factors involved in the freezing response of Medicago truncatula. Particularly we worked to highlight the main metabolisms involved and to find associated genetic factors through candidate genes approach. Detection of QTL for freezing damage score on a 182-maers genetic map, showed interest regions mainly on linkage groups 1, 4 and 6. Some ecophysiologioel parameters which reflect the ability of the plant to maintain its development under low temperatures were used to detect additional QTL that colocalized with QTL for freezing damage score on the same linkage groups. To identify the genes involved in the cold acclimation process in Medicago truncatula, a transcriptomic analysis was performed. The results showed 400 genes that were differentially expressed between the freezing tolerant and susceptible parents. An in silico analysis was used to detect the genes that located in the QTL intervals
Poirier, Magali. „Etude écophysiologique de l'endurcissement au gel des arbres“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730618.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMohamed, A. S. Mohamed. „Influence de la valorisation de microfibres végétales sur la formation et la résistance aux cycles de gel-dégel de BAP“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0550/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of introducing vegetable based microfibers, resulting from cardboard recycling, in self compacting concrete SCC, and especially their influence on the frost durability. An experimental methodology has been developed for SCC formulation based on following requirements: class of environmental exposure XF2, slump flow Dmoy = 68 ± 2 cm. It is based also on the maximum packing theory for the determination of solid particles content and the method of concrete equivalent mortar, CEM, for superplasticizer dosage. Starting from the SCC of reference composition, vegetable based microfibers were introduced at six different volumetric percentages related to cement volume. A campaign of experimental tests performed on fibred CEM showed that the introduction of microfibers at a volumetric dosage between 21% and 41% improved physical and mechanical properties. On the SCC scale, the experimental results have shown that fibred SCC at previous dosages, FSCC 21% and FSCC 41%, have porosity and permeability lower than the SCC of reference and consequently higher mechanical properties. Frost resistance of , SCC of reference, FSCC 21% and a SCC formulated with an air-entraining as well as two vibrated concretes, the first of reference and second containing 15% microfibers by volume of cement, was studied by subjecting them to freeze-thaw cycles according to NF P18-425. The results show that microfibers added concretes are more susceptible to frost damage. The harmful effect of vegetable based microfibers is explained by their hydrophilic nature associated to a low permeability of fibred concrete. Furthermore, the role of aggregates on the frost sensitivity was discussed. It was concluded that the porous and fragile lime aggregates should be avoided in concrete intended for cold climate
Girodet, Céline. „Endommagement des mortiers sous sollicitations thermo-mécaniques : Influence des caractéristiques des matériaux sur la résistance au gel interne des bétons“. Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1996ISAL0122/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this program of research is to evaluate the relative importance of a range of components on the internal freezing resistance of mortar. For this, a new system of thermal and mechanical stressing is developed that permits the acceleration of the effect of freezing. Damage evolution is monitored continually during freezing and thawing, under mechanical stress between 20 to 60 % of rupture stress at 28 days. This evolution is then analyzed in comparison with microstructural modifications in the material. This work is highlighted the influence of pure cement (rule of Bogue's potential composition, reactivity) or pozzolanic-blended cement binders (type of pozzolane, interaction between cement and pozzolane. . . ), and aggregates characteristics (chemical nature and granulometric distribution). Analysis of the freezing resistance of all the tested materials produces a map describing the four types of damages observed in terms of microstructure of the material (porous distribution and total porosity). A study is then undertaken to examine the internal freezing behaviour of a material containing a network of air bubbles, actually reference of a durable material. This allowed the development of new formulations of concrete tailored to both function and environment
Houel, Amélie. „Revêtements polyesters hybrides organiques-inorganiques par voie sol-gel“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouteille, Sébastien. „Outils de caractérisation et analyse du comportement des matériaux cimentaires soumis à des cycles de gel-dégel en présence de sels“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA concrete submitted to freeze-thaw cycles may undergo damages generally identified under two forms. On one hand, the internal frost affects the whole volume of the concrete. It can resul in generalized microcracks into the ciment paste. The sensibility of a common concrete to this deterioration can be decreased by the presence of a network of air bubbles within the ciment paste. On the other hand, the scaling, is a surface deterioration generaly quantified by the loss of mass from the exposed surface. The scaling is strongly influenced by the presence of a solution and its concentration in salts (generally some sodium chloride), over the exposed concrete surface. When a common concrete is not correctly formulated to resist this environment, its degradation can penalize the exploitation of the concerned structure in expected conditions of services. Laboratory tests exposing bodies of concrete to accelerated freeze-thaws cycles, allow to estimate the concrete resistance when exposed to these two kinds of deteriorations. The scientific community agrees on the internal frost laboratory test and on the protective aspect of a network of air bubbles. But the scaling is still approached by experimental procedures which do not make consensus and have little evolved since the middle of the 1990s (...)
Dumont, Estelle. „Tolérance au gel après acclimatation au froid chez le pois : identification de protéines et cartographie de PQL et QTL“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoId acclimation is the process whereby plants, previously exposed to low positive temperatures, are sUbsequently able to tolerate frost. This phenomenon was studied under controlled conditions in pea (Pisum sativum L.) in two Iines: Champagne, frost tolerant after cold acclimation and Terese, frost sensitive even if previously submitted to a cold acclimation period. Leaf, stem and root proteomes were analysed. Thirty five per cent of the identified differentially expressed proteins in leaves and stems during the cold acclimation period were involved in photosynthesis and glycolysis. ln stems, 25% were identified as folding proteins and ir roots, 47% were involved in the defense response. The raffinose, sucrose, glucose and citrate contents increased in Champagne leaves, stems and roots during the cold acclimation. ln contrast, the levels of these compounds were low in non-acclimated Champagne as weil as in Terese submitted to the cold acclimation period or not. Metabolite levels were also determined on the recombinant inbred lines (RIL) resulting from the cross between Champagne and Terese. Subsequent analyses permitted the detection of potential cold acclimation explicative OTL. ln particular, raffinose content QTL were colocalized with frost da mage QTL on the linkage groups 5 and 6. POL were also detected with the study of RtL leaf proteome. A number of these PQL colocalized with the previously detected QTL. The data obtained using these different approaches allowed us to propose hypothezises potentially explaining the mechanisms used by Champagne to tolerate frost
Pin, Lisa. „Renforcement et fonctionnalisation de barrières thermiques aéronautiques élaborées par voie sol-gel : comportement en oxydation cyclique et diagnostic thermique“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2073/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objectives of this PhD work are on the one hand to improve the performance in cyclic oxidation of thermal barrier coating synthesized by sol-gel route (BTSG) and on the other hand to realize thermal diagnosis to evaluate the temperature used in these systems. Firstly, the identification of damage mechanisms in cyclic oxidation of BTSG has been realized. Thus, the BTSG degradation is initiated by the creation of micro-cracks network, which develops to lead to localised spallation of coating cells. From these results, optimisation route of BTSG elaboration process has been proposed : sintering study on the coating pre-cracking and the coating reinforcement with the filling oft the cracks. To evaluate the efficiency of this reinforced BTSG, in lifetime terms, they are tested in cyclic oxidation. Furthermore, the lifetime prediction of these systems require an accurate knowledge of temperature in the thickness of the coating. Thus, the phosphor thermometry method has been used on BTSG, showing the technique possibilities for these systems
Beji, Sana. „Identification de nouveaux déterminants génétiques de la tolérance au gel chez Pisum sativum“. Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn pea (Pisum sativum L.), frost tolerance is controlled by a relatively small number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) identified by linkage analyses studies within biparental mapping populations. The recent discovery of high numbers of SNP and the development of high throughput genotyping tools offers the opportunity to further study the genetic determinism responsible for the phenotypic variation of the targeted trait. During this thesis, we investigated the genetic determinism of frost tolerance in pea by two quantitative genetic approaches namely linkage analysis QTL mapping and Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). A re-detection of frost tolerance QTLs was performed on a subset of 76 recombinant inbred lines extracted from the Champagne x Térèse population (Pop2, 164 RILs) and genotyped with 6486 markers. The analyses allowed to refine the confidence intervals of previously detected QTLs and to identify markers to be used in a fine mapping approach. Fine mapping of one of the formerly identified QTLs (WFD6.1) has been carried out using NILs (Near Isogenic Lines) for the targeted QTL, which creation by marker-assisted backcrossing has previously been initiated. Studied NILs showed a low rate of recombination at the targeted locus, which reduced the resolution of fine mapping. Parallely, a genome wide association mapping, performed within a collection of 365 pea accessions genotyped with 11366 SNP markers, revealed 62 markers in significant association with frost tolerance. Results confirmed 3 QTLs already detected by linkage analyses studies on linkage groups (LGs) III, V and VI, in multiple environmental conditions. They also allowed to identify a new locus on LG II and two loci on LGs I and VII, which have formerly been detected in only one environment. In addition, GWAS allowed to identify favourable haplotypes for frost tolerance and representative accessions carrying these haplotypes. Annotation of candidate markers identified 50 genes underlying the GWAS-detected loci and markers in high linkage disequilibrium (LD (r2) > 0.8) with associated markers. Among these genes, a particular interest for a CBF gene (C-repeat binding factor), located on the linking group VI at a position corresponding to the WFD6.1 QTL, was mentioned. On the basis of the syntenic relationship with Medicago truncatula, we hypothesized the presence of a cluster of CBF genes at this position. Therefore, we constructed two BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) libraries from the DNA of Champagne and Térèse, characterized by contrasted levels of frost tolerance. These libraries were screened by markers designed from the sequences of the CBF genes identified from the reference genome of Caméor. BAC clones carrying targeted markers were then sequenced by the PacBio® sequencing technology. Further characterization of the obtained sequences obtained is part of the perspectives of this work
Findik, Busra. „Formulations innovantes pour la résistance au feu de systèmes actifs par addition physique et génération in situ de charges minérales“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of Nexans' major challenges is to develop fire-resistant cables for buildings, industry and infrastructure networks. In this context, one of the systems developed is a three-layer insulated electric cable. The main disadvantage of the composite material used in the composition of this electrical cable is its high filler content, necessary to obtain a material that meets the expected electrical and thermal performance. This high filler rate can constitute an obstacle to the fabrication process of the material due to the high viscosity induced, but also deteriorate its final properties such as flexibility and hardness. The alternative strategy developed aiming to reduce the filler rate and thus reduce the viscosity of the materials to facilitate their implementation was to synthesize the fillers directly in the molten polymer. The sol-gel process by which an inorganic phase can be generated in situ during the extrusion process through the use of inorganic precursors is particularly suitable. Indeed, the inorganic precursors can play the role of solvent or plasticizer prior to their reaction, thus making it possible to lower the viscosity of the complete system. From these observations stems the main objective of the work of this thesis, which is to develop fire-resistant materials by integrating charges generated in situ by reactive extrusion in a pre-charged polymer matrix
Turcanu, Vasile. „Valorisation des granulats recyclés dans les bétons soumis au gel/dégel sans saturation (classes d’exposition F et R)“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10479.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouteille, Sébastien, und Sébastien Bouteille. „Outils de caractérisation et analyse du comportement des matériaux cimentaires soumis à des cycles de gel-dégel en présence de sels“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00872934.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIraba, Amandine. „Caractérisation de populations de ray-grass anglais (Lolium perenne L.) à gazon sélectionnées pour une tolérance au gel supérieure“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29939/29939.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor the improvement of perennial ryegrass freezing tolerance, a recurrent selection method based on freezing stress entirely performed indoors was applied on two initial genetic backgrounds. After four cycles of selection, progresses were assessed in plants cold-hardened under natural variation of temperatures. Our results showed improved freezing tolerance in populations recurrently selected indoors. We also observed significant changes in the levels of cryoprotectants components in response to selection. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) and amino acids levels showed an opposite response to selection. Whereas NSCs levels were higher in the initial populations, amino acids were more abundant in the advanced selections. Moreover, the observation of DNA polymorphisms and the progressive genetic differentiation between the initial populations and the recurrent selections suggest an enrichment of adaptive alleles in response to selection.
Tayeh, Nadim. „Mise en évidence de la synténie de QTL de tolérance au gel sur les groupes de liaison VI chez Pisum sativum (WFD 6.1) et Medicago truncatula (Mt-FTQTL6) et cartographie fine de Mt-FTQTL6“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnraveling the molecular bases of freezing tolerance is of great importance both at the fundamental and applied levels. Medicago truncatula is a model legume for studies concerning cool-season species. A major freezing tolerance QTL after cold acclimation (Mt-FTQTL6), accounting for 40% of the phenotypic variation, has been identified on chromosome 6 of this species. Interestingly, a QTL for the same trait has been mapped on the corresponding linkage group in Pisum sativum (WFD 6.1/FD164.c). The present thesis aimed to confirm synteny between Mt-FTQTL6 and WFD 6.1/FD164.c harboring regions and to subsequently identify positional candidate genes for Mt-FTQTL6. Using BAC-derived markers, Mt-FTQTL6 has been first located in a 3.7-cM interval, coinciding with an assembly physical gap. Mt-FTQTL6 co-orthologous blocks in Glycine max were identified and exploited to develop additional markers. Five common gene-based markers were obtained between Mt-FTQTL6 and WFD 6.1/FD164.c chromosomal regions. Positive BAC clones for 15 different markers (probes) were assembled in 6 BAC contigs linked to Mt-FTQTL6. Homozygous F7 or F8 recombinant lines at Mt-FTQTL6 were identified and evaluated for freezing tolerance under controlled conditions. The QTL confidence interval was subsequently delimited to a 0.4 cM-region that contains 20 protein-coding genes including 12 tandemly-arrayed CBF/DREB1 genes. Isolation of 11 out of the 12 CBF/DREB1 genes from both parents of the mapping population was successfully achieved. Efforts will be next needed for functional validation in Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum
Valmary, Laurence. „Phénotypes de résistance aux bêta-lactamines des souches de "Klebsiella" isolées dans un hôpital de long et moyen séjour : différenciation des souches résistantes par analyse du polymorphisme enzymatique“. Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZeng, Qiang. „Poromechanical behavior of cement-based materials subjected to freeze-thaw actions with salts : modeling and experiments“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1131/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen subject to freezing/thawing cycles with or without deicing salt, cement-based materials can suffer severe damage, which raises the long term sustainability problem of concrete/mortar in cold regions. Leaving aside the precise fracture mechanics and damage processes in this kind of problem, this PhD deals with the physical and thermomechanical phenomena undergone by cohesive porous solids under freezing, with particular attention to the material properties arising from cement hydration and microstructure development. The present work revisits the poromechanics of freezing porous materials developed by Olivier Coussy. This gives the opportunity to add the effect of the bulk supercooling and of salt in the liquid saturating the porous space.We measured the relation between depressed temperature at the end of bulk supercooling and salt concentration. We then obtained that the contact angle between ice and pore wall by heterogeneous nucleation decreases as salt concentration increases. We showed that the instantaneous dilation at the end of bulk supercooling is related to the pore structure because the latter determines the in-pore ice content. Using the pore size distribution measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry, we estimated the ice saturation degree with temperature and NaCl solution at different concentration through the Gibbs-Thomson equation. We measured the deformation of saturated cement pastes. The poromechanical analyses show that the strains depend on the initial salt concentration and pore structure of our cement pastes. By the same experimental approach on dried cement pastes, we concluded that the porosity (with or without air voids) has significant influence on the thermal expansion coefficient of our cement pastes. We also performed measurements on the deformation of saturated air entrained cement pastes. The results obtained by both experiments and poromechanical analyses under drained and undrained conditions showed that the initial saturation degree in air-voids has significant influence on the deformation curves with temperature
Charpin, Laurent. „Modèle micromécanique pour l'étude de l'anisotropie de la réaction alcali-silice“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00873539.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharrier, Guillaume. „Mécanismes et modélisation de l'acclimatation au gel des arbres : application au noyer Juglans regia L“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662461.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlvarez, Sophie. „Modifications du protéome et variations de la composition en métabolites : sucres solubles, amidon, acides organiques et proline, au cours de l'acclimatation au froid associées à la tolérance au gel du pois“. Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-87-88.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Kayal Walid. „Réponse aux stress abiotiques chez Eucalyptus gunii : analyse globale du transcriptome sur filtres haute densité et caractérisation moléculaire du gène Sxd1 (synthèse de la vitamine E)“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to interesting wood properties, fast growth and a low requirement for soil quality, Eucalyptus is the most planted woody angiosperm worldwilde. However, due to the limitation of Eucalyptus expansion by cold climate, frost tolerance became a main agronomic trait to be improved for these species. Freezing tolerance is associated to intrinsic tolerance and acclimation capacity corresponding to deep biochemical and physiological changes mediated by the induction of a lot of genes. The function of some these genes is still unclear up to now. In this context, our scientific project aims to identify candidate genes in order to better understand the main molecular mechanisms of frost tolerance. In order to study transcriptional changes during acclimation, the identification of genes was carried out by two different approaches: targeted PCR and screening of a subtractive library obtained from cold acclimated Eucalyptus cell suspension culture. .
Seck, Serigne. „Elaboration de matériaux hybrides organiques / inorganiques par extrusion réactive : Application en pile à combustible“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuel cells technologies are electrochemical energy conversion devices and have a real potential to revolutionize the way to produce energy, offering cleaner, more-efficient alternatives to combustion of gasoline and other fossil fuels. In that way, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are probably the most studied. Those fuel cells are mainly based on perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, such as Nafion®. However, Nafion® membranes, present some limitations such as dehydration at high temperatures or at low relative humidity rate leading to a decrease of proton conductivity and thus poor PEMFC performance. Consequently, PEMFC require significant improvements prior to be largely used in the automobile field. Research efforts have been oriented on the development of new materials for the PEMFC membrane as it is the main limitative component for high temperature fuel cell. In the present contribution, we wish to report the validation of a new concept of hybrid materials for the realization of proton exchange membranes. The originality of this hybrid concept is based on the contribution of both phases’ specific properties. We investigated the preparation of hybrid materials based on an inert polymer matrix (low cost) providing the mechanical stability embedding inorganic phase providing the necessary properties of proton-conduction and water retention. Hybrid nanocomposite membranes were synthesized using evaporation and recasting technique from solution containing dispersion of inorganic particles in the adequate polymer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for membrane morphology and proton conductivity results using impedance measurements from hybrid membranes will be presented. The performance of the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) using the hybrid membrane was also evaluated by a fuel cell test. Finally, we wish to present a promising way of research based on Sol-Gel approach to generate a proton-conducting inorganic phase into the polymer matrix
Guinchard, Marie-Pierre. „Comportement hivernal du trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens l. ) : morphogénèse et rôle des composés carbonés“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GUINCHARD_M_P.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePham, Ngoc Phuong. „Rubberized cement-based composite as material for large surface applications : effect of the rubber-cementitious matrix bond“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProperties of improved strain capacity and high shrinkage cracking resistance make rubberized cement-based composites suitable for large surface applications such as cement-based pavements and thin bonded overlays. However, bond defect between rubber aggregates (RA) and cement matrix is well-known and detrimental to properties of rubberized cement-based materials. It is universally accepted a reduction in some mechanical properties of rubberized cement-based composites mainly due to low stiffness of RA. Nevertheless, their transfer properties could indeed be competitive with control mortar (without RA) if bond at rubber-cement matrix interface is improved. In order to enhance the interface, RA were firstly coated with styrene-butadiene copolymer and after complete densification of this copolymer on surface of RA, they were mixed with the pre-mixed cementitious mixture. Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) clarified that cement paste bonded firmly on copolymer-coated RA. Mechanical and transfer properties of this mortar were then compared to that of control mortar and two rubberized mortars in which one of them air-detraining admixture was added to produce rubberized mixture with the similar air content as the control mortar. Findings have demonstrated an enhanced rubber-cement matrix interface provided a significant improvement on transfer properties such as air permeability and water capillary absorption. However, a reduction in mechanical properties (compressive strength and modulus of elasticity) was still observed due to low stiffness of RA. Rubber coating appeared to limit the reduction in tensile strength and to result in a higher residual post-peak strength and fracture energy, demonstrating an improved material bridging effect made possible by the bond between RA and cement matrix. The bridging effect also contributed to improve resistance of rubberized composites to shrinkage cracking even under high restrained conditions. Based on above-mentioned characteristics, the study further investigated the durability of rubberized mortars under aggressive environments to observe the effects of RA incorporation and of an enhanced rubber-cement matrix interface. Regarding acetic acid attack, a low degraded depth and a reduction in loss of both mass and compressive strength of rubberized mortars, especially the one incorporating copolymer-coated RA, were observed compared to the ones of the control mortar. The coated rubberized mortar also behaves better in preventing sodium sulfate diffusion into the composite. The degradation of mortars under aggressive environments was also evaluated based on a damage variable, which was defined as a relative change in equivalent load-resisting area of mortar specimens between their original condition and at a given time when they were exposed to acid or sulfate solutions. From damage variable values, it can be concluded that coated rubberized mortar was more durable than the untreated one against aggressive environments. The durability of untreated and coated rubberized mortars under freeze-thaw cycles was also carried out and compared to that of control mortar. The rubberized cement- based composites were more resistant to freezing and thawing than the control one, especially in terms of dimensional expansion. The better performance can be attributed to high energy absorption of RA and to higher porosity, lower water capillary absorption and high strain capacity of rubberized mortars. Rubber coating, even reducing the permeability of rubberized cement-based composites, still remained high durability of their applications under frost environment
Bonnaud, Patrick. „Thermodynamique et dynamique de l'eau, d'un électrolyte, donfinés dans des nanopores : application à l'hydrate cimentaire“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22136/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen the cement pores are saturated with water in freezing conditions, cement encounters mechanical damages due to cryosuction effects. The adsorbed electrolytic layer at the pore surface plays a critical role in the degradation process. Its thermodynamics and dynamics properties are studied using molecular simulations. Several nanopore models are considered to study the role of chemistry and surface roughness: silica (hydroxylated and with Ca charge-compensating ions) and cement. In all these hydrophilic systems, confined water is strongly perturbed close to the pore surface (over 2-3 molecular layers) independently of the temperature (175-300 K). Ions located close to the surfaces do not form the diffuse layer of the classical colloids theory (DLVO...). The dynamics of water and ionic species is found very slow. Surface chemistry and roughness have an impact of this slow dynamics that is incompatible with cryosuction
Belcaid, Mahdi. „Utilisation des EST dans la génération d'une nouvelle ressource bioinformatique spécifique à la tolérance du blé au froid“. Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2802/1/M9576.pdf.
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