Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Vice regal women“

The book, a detailed historical examination of an important era of contemporaryIran’s history, documents a variety of late-nineteenth-centuryviews on “the women’s question.” Amin’s attempt to review its historicalbackground is an excellent gender-perspective analysis of the politicalatmosphere existing before Iran’s constitutional revolution of 1906-08.The intellectual debate ranged enormously during this period. For example,the atheist Akhundzadeh blamed Islamic and Turkmen rule (CentralAsians tribal rulers who had invaded Iran throughout Iranian history) fortheir situation. Meanwhile, the Babist Kermani, who called Iranian women“the living dead,” saw their enslavement as the result of the corrupted Arabculture transmitted through Islam. The example of such “progressives” asTaghizadeh, who followed western ideas and used the most racist and sexistarguments against women’s equality, presents an interesting aspect ofwesternization, which is brought up in the book.Alongside these different views, Amin documents a different andequally valuable late-nineteenth-century response that sought equality forwomen within Islam. This trend, similar to that of Qasim Amin of Egypt,includes as its most notable example Jamal al-Din Asadabdi, who supporteda modern interpretation of Islam that included gender equality.Mirza Malkam Khan, publisher of Ghanon (The Law), a newspaper printedin exile, was the first person to transform the “women’s question” froman elite discussion to a matter of Iranian public discourse through the press.He argued that women must be treated as human beings with the same dignitythat was accorded to men.Amin delineates two responses to the women’s question: a misogynistview that is best illustrated by Ta’dib al Nesvan (Disciplining Women),published during 1882-89, and a reaction to it written by Bibi KhanomAstarabadi, authoress of Ma’ayb al Rejal (The Vice of Men). Astarabadi (insome ways she can be called the first Muslim feminist) condemned suchmisogynous practices as infidelity and temporary marriage, as well as thedrinking, gambling, and pedophilia practiced by some men.The most interesting part of the book is the author’s discussion ofReza Shah and his break with the Qajar dynasty. Reza Shah imposed his ...

Secondary cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients with type 2 diabetes is a combined cardiac and renal pathology with a combined and complex not fully understood pathogenesis, quickly leads to the death of the underlying disease. In this case, a violation of the function of one organ affects the functional state of another, and vice versa. An important role in the CRS pathogenesis is played renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, leading to the progression of cardiac and renal hemodynamic disorders. The aim was to study the parameters of intrarenal hemodynamics and their relationship with the level of aldosterone and natriuretic peptide in patients with secondary cardiorenal syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the course of the study, 48 patients with type 2 diabetes and secondary CRS were examined. There were 24 men and 24 women. The average age of the examined patients was 60.3 ± 7.5 years. The duration of type 2 diabetes in patients was 9.53±2.82 years. The control group consisted of 40 practically healthy volunteers matched by sex and age. The formation of secondary CRS in type 2 diabetes is accompanied by an increase concentrations of the N-terminal cerebral natriuretic propeptide (p <0.001) and aldosterone (p <0.001), the development of renal vascular remodeling and a decrease hemodynamic renal parameters. In patients with CRS and type 2 diabetes the presence of negative correlations between the level of aldosterone and the velocity indices of blood flow in the kidneys and a positive relationship with the indices of resistance of the renal arteries was found, as well as positive relationships between the level of NT-proBNP and indices of resistance in the vessels, negative - with speed indicators. In the course of multiple regression analysis, the influence of NT-proBNP and aldosterone levels on the predicted values of the peak velocity in the interlobular arteries (R2 = 0.30), glomerular filtration rate (R2 = 0.48) was established.

Abstract Objective To analyze the longitudinal data of multiple patients and to discover new temporal knowledge, we designed and developed the Visual Temporal Analysis Laboratory (ViTA-Lab). In this study, we demonstrate several of the capabilities of the ViTA-Lab framework through the exploration of renal-damage risk factors in patients with diabetes type II. Materials and methods The ViTA-Lab framework combines data-driven temporal data mining techniques, with interactive, query-driven, visual analytical capabilities, to support, in an integrated fashion, an iterative investigation of time-oriented clinical data and of patterns discovered in them. Patterns discovered through the data mining mode can be explored visually, and vice versa. Both analysis modes are supported by a rich underlying ontology of clinical concepts, their relations, and their temporal properties. The knowledge enables us to apply a temporal-abstraction pre-processing phase that abstracts in a context-sensitive manner raw time-stamped data into interval-based clinically meaningful interpretations, increasing the results’ significance. We demonstrate our approach through the exploration of risk factors associated with future renal damage (micro-albuminuria and macro-albuminuria) and their relationship to the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C ) and creatinine level concepts, in the longitudinal records of 22 000 patients with diabetes type II followed for up to 5 years. Results The iterative ViTA-Lab analysis process was highly feasible. Higher ranges of either normal albuminuria or normal creatinine values and their combination were shown to be significantly associated with future micro-albuminuria and macro-albuminuria. The risk increased given high HbA1C levels for women in the lower range of normal albuminuria, and for men in the higher range of albuminuria. Conclusions The ViTA-Lab framework can potentially serve as a virtual laboratory for investigations of large masses of longitudinal clinical databases, for discovery of new knowledge through interactive exploration, clustering, classification, and prediction.

BackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for developing gout1 and vice versa.2 Those with both gout and CKD present distinct challenges for patients and physicians because of the high prevalence of other comorbidities and restrictions on gout medication use, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatories3,4 and some oral urate-lowering therapies (ULTs).5 This unique patient population has not been well characterized using real-world data.ObjectivesThis retrospective chart review study of patients with coincident gout and CKD was conducted to better understand patient characteristics and treatment patterns of this population. This study is unique in that patient data were obtained from nephrologists, allowing a glimpse of how they view gout and its management.Methods111 nephrologists provided de-identified medical record data of their most-recently seen advanced (stage 3─5) CKD patients. Patients met study criteria for gout if any of the following were true: gout listed as a comorbidity, ULT use, or visible tophi or gout flares documented. A patient’s gout was determined to be uncontrolled if they had serum uric acid >6 mg/dL in addition to ≥1 visible tophus, ≥2 gout flares in the past year, or gouty arthritis (≥1 tender or swollen joint). Characteristics of this unique population were examined, along with gout management patterns. Differences between patients with controlled and uncontrolled gout were also investigated using data from patients’ most recent evaluation.Results173 patients with stages 3-5 CKD and who met study criteria for gout were included. Mean age was 58.3±18.1 years and BMI averaged 32.0 ± 11.8 kg/m2. A higher than expected proportion of patients were female (47%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (85%), diabetes mellitus (47%), anemia of CKD (42%), CKD-mineral bone disorder (41%), ischemic heart disease (23%), and congestive heart failure (21%). Mean CKD duration was 4.1 ± 5.5 years, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at most recent visit was 32.3 ± 13.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 62% were using a ULT. 23 patients (13%) had uncontrolled gout (48% female, 63.1 ± 16.4 years, mean eGFR 32.0 ± 14.6 ml/min/1.73 m2), all of whom had been prescribed a ULT. Compared with controlled gout patients, uncontrolled patients had higher rates of pulmonary hypertension (14% vs. 4%), gout-related chronic pain in the 12-months prior to data collection (63% vs. 42%), and joint involvement (joint swelling, tenderness, flexibility loss, and/or damage/lesions on x-ray; 26% vs. 9%). Colchicine was also used more frequently in uncontrolled gout patients (26% vs. 7%).ConclusionThe coincident gout with advanced CKD population described here shows unique differences from the general gout population, including a high proportion of females (47%). Given that women have a lower likelihood of developing gout at the same serum uric acid level,6 this finding was particularly surprising (general gout population: 67% male7). Importantly, nearly 40% of included patients were not utilizing a ULT, leaving them susceptible to developing the painful and debilitating sequalae of uncontrolled gout. Additionally, 41% of the study population had a CKD-related mineral bone disorder, indicating that patients with coincident gout and CKD may have bones that are more vulnerable to gout-related bone damage. Our study confirms a high prevalence of gout and its associated comorbidities in patients with advanced CKD and suggests another nephrology education opportunity to highlight the potential benefits of gout monitoring, earlier intervention, and management.References[1]Safiri S, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020;72:1916-27.[2]Feig DI. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2009; 18: 526–530.[3]Stamp LK, et al. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021; 17(10): 633–641.[4]Wallace SL, et al. J Rheumatol 1991; 18(2): 264-9.[5]Abdelatif AA and Elkhalili N. Am J Ther 2014; 21: 523-34.[6]Bhole V, et al. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:1069-76.[7]Francis-Sedlak M, et al. Rheumatol Ther 2021;8:183-97.Disclosure of InterestsLeonard Stern Speakers bureau: Horizon Therapeutics, Consultant of: Horizon Therapeutics, Richard Johnson Shareholder of: Colorado Research Partners LLC and XORTX Therapeutics, Speakers bureau: Horizon Therapeutics, Consultant of: Horizon Therapeutics, Payam Shakouri Speakers bureau: Horizon Therapeutics and Relypsa, Consultant of: Horizon Therapeutics, Amod Athavale Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics, Brian LaMoreaux Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Brad Marder Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Sreedhar Mandayam Shareholder of: Medingenii Capital LLC and Prosalus Capital LLC, Speakers bureau: Otsuka and Alexion, Consultant of: US Renal Care and Aurinia, Grant/research support from: Travere, Norvartis, Omeros, Roche, Vertex, Equillium, Goldfinch Bio, and Pfizer

Background: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial and slowly emerging global health problem. One out of three women between age group of 50-60 years in India suffers from osteoporosis.Indian women have an early age of onset of osteoporosis as compared to western counterparts.We propose that depression induces early bone loss in majorly premenopausal women and also young age men primarily via specic endocrine mechanisms associated poor lifestyle habits contributory effects on renal failure in senile age group. Aim and Objectives: Ÿ To nd out a new risk factor of secondary osteoporosis in different age group. Ÿ To nd the clinical correlation between depression, serum cortisol, vitamin D, hypothyroidism,creatinine, eGFR and BMD in different age group of both the gender . Ÿ To determine the relationship of decreased renal function with BMD and fracture risk and the role of depression therein. Methods: The study group consisted of 210 osteoporotic patient's age range between 30-75years.The state of depression was analyzed by using Ham D scale. BMD and endocrine parameters was measured by DEXA and chemiluminisence, ELISA. Statistical correlation analyzed by SPSS 22 software. Results: A highly signicant (P <0.00001) correlation was observed between HAM-D score and serum cortisol. The correlation between HAM-D and BMD was also signicant (P <0.05). No signicant correlation was found between BMD and serum cortisol (P฀ 0.05).The correlation of serum vitamin D with BMD was far more signicant (P<0.00001) compared to the association with TSH (P<0.0001).The statistical signicance of creatinine value is far more signicant as compaire to eGFR according to age. A high score of depression associated Summary: with low vitamin D level or high serum cortisol and TSH level which is a risk factor for low BMD in early stage of men and women to develop secondary osteoporosis associated with renal dysfunction by altering eGFR value. It can be concluded that Irrespective of the specic causes, subjects with depression should be considered for screening for bone mineral density and, vice versa, subjects with low BMD should be considered for screening for depression in early stage of life and supplementation of vitamin D with regular physical activity in early stage of life for prevention of secondary osteoporosis associated with renal failure in senile stage.

Abstract Background After kidney transplantation, pregnancy and graft function may have a reciprocal interaction. We evaluated the influence of graft function on the course of pregnancy and vice versa. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study of 92 pregnancies beyond the first trimester in 67 women after renal transplantation from 1972 to 2019. Pre-pregnancy eGFR was correlated with outcome parameters; graft function was evaluated by Kaplan Meier analysis. The course of graft function in 28 women who became pregnant after kidney transplantation with an eGFR of < 50 mL/min/1.73m2 was compared to a control group of 79 non-pregnant women after kidney transplantation during a comparable time period and with a matched basal graft function. Results Live births were 90.5% (fetal death n = 9). Maternal complications of pregnancy were preeclampsia 24% (graft loss 1, fetal death 3), graft rejection 5.4% (graft loss 1), hemolytic uremic syndrome 2% (graft loss 1, fetal death 1), maternal hemorrhage 2% (fetal death 1), urinary obstruction 10%, and cesarian section. (76%). Fetal complications were low gestational age (34.44 ± 5.02 weeks) and low birth weight (2322.26 ± 781.98 g). Mean pre-pregnancy eGFR was 59.39 ± 17.62 mL/min/1.73m2 (15% of cases < 40 mL/min/1.73m2). Pre-pregnancy eGFR correlated with gestation week at delivery (R = 0.393, p = 0.01) and with percent eGFR decline during pregnancy (R = 0.243, p = 0.04). Pregnancy-related eGFR decline was inversely correlated with the time from end of pregnancy to chronic graft failure or maternal death (R = -0.47, p = 0.001). Kaplan Meier curves comparing women with pre-pregnancy eGFR of ≥ 50 to < 50 mL/min showed a significantly longer post-pregnancy graft survival in the higher eGFR group (p = 0.04). Women after kidney transplantation who became pregnant with a low eGFR of > 25 to < 50 mL/min/1.73m2 had a marked decline of renal function compared to a matched non-pregnant control group (eGFR decline in percent of basal eGFR 19.34 ± 22.10%, n = 28, versus 2.61 ± 10.95%, n = 79, p < 0.0001). Conclusions After renal transplantation, pre-pregnancy graft function has a key role for pregnancy outcomes and graft function. In women with a low pre-pregnancy eGFR, pregnancy per se has a deleterious influence on graft function. Trial registration Since this was a retrospective observational case series and written consent of the patients was obtained for publication, according to our ethics’ board the analysis was exempt from IRB approval. Clinical Trial Registration was not done. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School, Chairman Prof. Dr. H. D. Troeger, Hannover, December 12, 2015 (IRB No. 2995–2015).

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) are fast-growing causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes is an optimal model to study the inter-play of cardiovascular disease and renal disease. Purpose To investigate the association of CKD with HF and its prognosis in a large, population-based cohort of diabetes, in which incident CKD and HF events were ascertained longitudinally. Methods A population-based cohort of patients aged ≥18 years with diabetes, but without CKD, HF or acute kidney injury at baseline was identified from the previously validated territory-wide Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System between 2000 and 2015. Patients were followed up through December 31,2020 for incident CKD and/or HF or all-cause mortality. Multi-state modelling was used to examine the association of the subgroups (with/without CKD or HF). Results Among 294,413 patients (mean age: 65 ± 14 years; 49.5% women), new-onset CKD occurred in 51,583, in whom one-fifth (21.3%) had HF. In contrast, among 28,335 patients with new-onset HF, nearly two-fifth (38.7%) had CKD (Figure 1A). Median duration from baseline to incident CKD was shorter than incident HF [8.27 (4.69-11.97) years vs. 8.76 (5.28-12.37) years, p &lt;0.001]. However, median duration for incident event of HF after CKD diagnosis was 2.15 (0.83-4.50) years and 1.73 (0.62-3.87) years for incident CKD after HF diagnosis. The incidence rate of CKD and HF was 20.39 per 1000 person-years and 10.61 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Presence of CKD was associated with incident HF (odds ratios [OR] 1.27 [95%CI 1.21-1.33]), and HF with incident CKD (OR 1.26 [95%CI 1.18-1.33]). The presence of both CKD and HF (regardless of which comes first) portends higher risk (6 to 8-fold hazards) of all-cause mortality than neither condition (Figure 1B). Conclusions Incident HF occurs in one-fifth of patients with new-onset CKD, and CKD occurs in about 40% with new-onset HF. CKD seems to precede HF. More research on the inter-play of these dual conditions is warranted in view of the high mortality risk. Abstract Figure.

This thesis traces the evolution and emergence of the new-vice regal woman during a high point of the British Empire. The social, political and economic forces of the age, which transformed British society, presented different challenges and responsibilities for all women, not least those of the upper-class. Aristocratic women responded to these challenges in a distinctive manner when accompanying their husbands to the colonies and dominions as vice-regal consorts. In the last years of Queen Victoria’s reign a unique link was established between the monarchy and her female representatives throughout the Empire. The concept of the new vice-regal woman during the period 1884-1914 was explored through three case studies. The imperial stores of Lady Hariot Dufferin (1843-1936), Lady Ishbel Aberdeen (1857-1939), and Lady Rachel Dudley (c.1867-1920), establishes both the existence and importance of a new breed of vice-regal woman, one who was a modern, dynamic and pro-active imperialist. From 1884-1914 these three new vice-regal women pushed established boundaries and broke new ground. As a result, during their vice-regal lives, Ladies Dufferin, Aberdeen and Dudley initiated far reaching organisations in India, Ireland, Canada and
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis traces the evolution and emergence of the new-vice regal woman during a high point of the British Empire. The social, political and economic forces of the age, which transformed British society, presented different challenges and responsibilities for all women, not least those of the upper-class. Aristocratic women responded to these challenges in a distinctive manner when accompanying their husbands to the colonies and dominions as vice-regal consorts. In the last years of Queen Victoria’s reign a unique link was established between the monarchy and her female representatives throughout the Empire. The concept of the new vice-regal woman during the period 1884-1914 was explored through three case studies. The imperial stores of Lady Hariot Dufferin (1843-1936), Lady Ishbel Aberdeen (1857-1939), and Lady Rachel Dudley (c.1867-1920), establishes both the existence and importance of a new breed of vice-regal woman, one who was a modern, dynamic and pro-active imperialist. From 1884-1914 these three new vice-regal women pushed established boundaries and broke new ground. As a result, during their vice-regal lives, Ladies Dufferin, Aberdeen and Dudley initiated far reaching organisations in India, Ireland, Canada and

Three per cent of women of childbearing age have chronic kidney disease, and although end-stage renal failure impacts on fertility, conception and high-risk pregnancy do occur. Following renal transplantation, the patient should understand the potential impact of a pregnancy on transplant function and vice versa. Surveys show that a large proportion of pregnancies in female renal patients are unplanned. The effectiveness of a particular contraceptive method is dependent upon acceptability to the patient and compliance. Contraceptive decision-making needs to balance acceptability and safety with the risk of an unplanned pregnancy. Oestrogen-containing contraceptive methods are considered unacceptable for many renal patients because of their association with increased blood pressure and thrombotic and vascular events. Progesterone-only methods have an advantageous safety profile. The progesterone-only pill (desogestrel preparations), intrauterine system (Mirena®), and implant (Nexplanon®) are safe and effective in women with CKD. Concerns regarding the intrauterine system (Mirena®) in women taking immunosuppression are unfounded and observational evidence does not demonstrate an increased risk of infection. Sterilization is effective and should be considered to be irreversible. The effectiveness of barrier methods is reduced when ‘typical use’ is compared to ‘perfect use’. Unplanned pregnancy rates are high with fertility awareness methods and reliance on lactational amenorrhoea is not advocated.Interactions between drugs which are commonly prescribed in the renal population and different contraceptive methods are outlined in this chapter.

This chapter traces the lives of some of the queer women and men who helped tailor Miami’s fairyland image as a site of nonconformity that lacked the rigidity ascribed to larger, industrial urban spaces. It unearths the significance of the area’s artists, investors, settlers, and imperial architects in fashioning a modern fairyland that proved desirable to outsiders. It demonstrates how wealth, status, and whiteness permitted the queer elite to promote Miami as a space where gender and sexuality could be challenged, renegotiated, and subverted. As influential powerbrokers living with an “open secret” in the city, several of these queers crafted Miami’s lucrative image as a fairyland through the tentacles of U.S. imperialism, casting the city’s offering as an extension of the vice and pleasure available in the nearby Caribbean.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented challenge to the current medical practice, including obstetrics. Being an acute situation, there is limited experience of the impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Various management protocols are being evaluated and modified frequently to address key concerns of maternal and neonatal health. Pregnancy is a unique bundle of two lives, and the physiological adaptation to the dual life adds to the uniqueness. The effect of COVID- 19 and its treatment on pregnancy (mother and fetus) and vice-versa, is a common quest for all pathologies. The other concerns are vertical and horizontal transmission in antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods, respectively. The immunosuppression as a part of physiological changes during pregnancy apparently raises apprehension of higher risk of viral infection or probability of severity of infection during pregnancy. The same has also been observed with previous virus infections in history like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), etc., although available literature suggests that the risk of developing COVID-19 for pregnant women is not similar to the non-pregnant adult population. The small risk of developing a serious condition during pregnancy is inevitable, and the contagiousness of the virus is a major concern for the neonate and attending family. Some overlapping features of complicated pregnancy with severe COVID-19 require attention. Social distancing, anxiety, and psychological stress need to be kept in mind. There is an impact of financial stress on family; domestic violence can also not be undermined during this crisis period. Access to health facilities may also be affected in developing countries due to the lockdowns, quarantine of pregnant women, caretakers, or health care workers (HCW), etc. The aerosol production during the intrapartum phase is challenging for both vaginal and abdominal routes of delivery, but the management of sudden catastrophic, life-threatening conditions associated with pregnancy can be a real threat for the team of health care workers. It is still early to comment on the long-term effects of the viral infection on the foetus, especially the exposure during the rapid embryogenesis period.

Texas Utilities is a big company. Through its subsidiary, TU Electric, it provides electric service to a large chunk of Texas, including the Dallas- Fort Worth metropolitan area. It employs some 10,000 people. Its sales are around $5 billion a year. It has assets near $20 billion. Yet this corporate Goliath was brought to its knees by a single determined woman, a former church secretary named Juanita Ellis. For nearly a decade, Ellis fought Texas Utilities to a standstill in its battle to build the Comanche Peak nuclear power plant. During that time the cost of the plant zoomed from an original estimate of $779 million to nearly $11 billion, with much of the increase attributable, at least indirectly, to Ellis. Company executives, who had at first laughed at the thought of a housewife married to a lawn-mower repairman standing up to their covey of high-priced lawyers and consultants, eventually realized they could go neither around her nor through her. In the end, it took a negotiated one-on-one settlement between Ellis and a TU Electric executive vice president to remove the roadblocks to Comanche Peak and allow it to begin operation. No one was really happy with the outcome. Antinuclear groups denounced the settlement as a sellout and Ellis as a traitor. Texas Utilities bemoaned the years of discord as time wasted on regulatory nit-picking with no real improvement in safety. And the utility’s customers were the most unhappy of all, for they had to pay for the $11 billion plant with large increases in their electric bills. So it was natural to look for someone to blame. The antinuclear groups pointed to the utility. TU Electric, they said, had ignored basic safety precautions and had built a plant that was a threat to public health, and it had misled the public and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The utility, in turn, blamed the antinuclear groups that had intervened in the approval process and a judge who seemed determined to make TU Electric jump through every hoop he could imagine. The ratepayers didn’t know what to believe.