Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Viability of homestay“

Introduction: The study is founded on a sustainable eco-tourism built on indigenous peoples’ economic empowerment without compromising their cultural heritage. The main objective of the study was to assess the economic viability of the community-based homestay service as a livelihood project to help improve the quality of life of the Dumagats who are native residents of Daraitan. The main service of the project is to provide accommodation and campsite for tourists who usually go for trekking at Mt. Daraitan. Methods: The descriptive survey method was employed in this study. Validated survey questionnaires were given out to 430 local and foreign tourists who visited the nature reserve. Data were tabulated and analyzed using the descriptive statistics and financial ratios; such as liquidity ratios, test of return on sales, gross profit ratio, and return on capital. Result: The financial assessment of the homestay service yielded an average of 27.25% return on sales; 85.4% gross profit ratio, and 79.37% return on capital. A portion of the profit will be appropriated for charitable purposes. Discussion: Mt. Daraitan is one of the to-go-to spots in the Philippines, where nature still can be seen at its most pristine state. Results of financial estimates showed that the economic viability of the project, through development, preservation of the natural architecture of the park, and a livelihood program for the natives that inhabit the area, are very strong reasons to push through with the proposal.

The black pepper (Piper nigrum) plant is a well-liked spice plant with significant commercial value and great antioxidant potential. To investigate the native production techniques followed and assess the scope of black pepper gardening, information was gathered through personal interviews with 50 randomly chosen respondents directly and indirectly related to black pepper farming from the Gowainghat upazila in Sylhet district between July 2018 to December 2020. The majority of farmers preferred their source of seedlings (80%), stem cutting (58%), ≤ 1 year of seedling (52%), July to August planting time (36%), per plant planting density 2 to 3 (52%), 30×30×30 cm3 pit size (42%). While the majority of farmers avoid the use of fertilizer and manure (54.29%), watering (54%), fencing (96%), weeding (92%), pruning (94%), and pesticide (96%). Meanwhile, a high response was found for integrated production systems (100%), existing trees as support (84%), and pest infestation (78%). Flowering and fruiting information revealed that it took 3-4 years for the first flowering after transplanting (52%), May to June flowering month (78%), January to February harvesting time (68%) following manual harvesting method (100%), and maximum yield obtained was 3kg per plant (40%). Every single respondent (100%) employed the conventional way of processing. Farmers (100%) acknowledged the beneficiary and positive environmental impact of black pepper, whereas 76% were satisfied with their generated outcomes as they believed it could provide medicinal value (94%), and no health hazards (100%). It could be remarked that black pepper might be aided by a homestead and could contribute as a climate-smart agroforestry crop for local farmers of the Sylhet district. Hence, policy implications regarding improved production techniques and standard marketing channels should be enforced. Further research on the improvement of black pepper gardening should be examined.

Biology of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was evaluated on curry leaf Murraya koenigii. The study revealed that D. citri is an important pest of ‘curry leaf’ in homestead gardens, farmer’s fields and forest areas in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The hatching percentage of the eggs was 80.25±3.47%, while the viability of the nymphal instars was 65.2±2.49%. The total nymphal period was 13.40±1.23 days. Adults emerged after 4-5 (4.4±0.50) days from fifth instar nymphs that took 35-40 minutes to emerge. The males lived for 24.94±0.65 days, with a total developmental period of 37.058±2.20 days, whereas the females survived for 39.81±0.53 days, having a total developmental period of 42.94±3.21 days. Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods lasted for 2.75 ± 0.71, 22.6 ±5.18 and 3.35±1.03 days, respectively. Female fecundity was recorded to be 550-800 (692.90 ± 99.34) eggs per female.

In the context of the fast reducing land‑to‑man ratio in the tropics, cropping systems which can integrate a variety of highly productive plant species and animals with human beings will have to be developed. Coconut having many favourable attributes is ideally suited for homestead farming under diverse situations. Its response to good management particularly fertilizer applica­tion and irrigation is indeed very good. Yield increases of the or­der of 84% due to manuring and 216% due to manuring and irrigation have been obtained in the native West Coast Tall. In coconut hybrids not only Wgher yields have been realised but better utilisation efficiency of native and applied nutrients obser­ved, making them highly suited for improving the economic viability of small holdings. The potential that coconut offers for mixed cropping with a variety of crops, and mixed farming is very high. High density cropping in coconut plantations is also feasible. The cost benefit of some of the coconut based cropping systems have been presented, and the low productivity of coconut observed in majority of the coconut growing countries discussed keeping in view the remedial. measures that can be thought of for the existing maladies.

The study sought to examine the timber dependency on forests and evolve wasteland reclamation strategy to eliminate the forest dependency in Bundu block of Ranchi District in Jharkhand, India. Multi-stage random sampling technique was applied to select 164 tribal households from 9 sample villages. Data were collected using structured interviews and non-participant observations which were analyzed using descriptive statistics viz., frequency, percentage, mean and range. Results revealed that forests contributed maximum timber (136.36 m3 annum-1) followed by traditional agroforestry (69.09 m3 annum-1), community forestry (41.33 m3 annum-1) and homestead forestry (35.71 m3 annum-1). Timber extracted is mostly consumed in housing (124.66 m3 annum-1) followed by agricultural implements (82.71 m3 annum-1), furniture (35.25 m3 annum-1), carts/ carriages (17.60 m3 annum-1), fencing (10.23 m3 annum-1), cattle shed/ store house (9.10 m3 annum-1) and others (2.94 m3 annum-1). Forests were exposed to timber pressure of 136.36 m3 annum-1 (48.27%) posing ample deforestation and degradation. The strategy consisted of timber and bamboo plantations is designed which would secure 1065.60 m3 annum-1 of timber, 0.455 lakh annum-1 of bamboo culms, 568.26 tons annum-1 of bamboo leaf and agricultural products. The strategy would yield income of Rs. 34210.78 household-1 annum-1 and employment of 67.15 person-days household-1 annum-1. Financial viability of proposed interventions has been worked out by meticulous economic calculations of Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio and Internal Rate of Return. The execution of strategy would eliminate the current unsustainable timber extraction, safeguard the future timber predicament and ensure environmental security.

This chapter examines the prospects and challenges of homestay accommodation in rural Uttarakhand, India, based on secondary data sources. Homestays are a sort of community-based tourism that provides visitors with an authentic experience of the local culture and way of life by allowing them to stay in the homes of local families. This chapter examines the potential of homestay accommodation to contribute to rural development and tourism promotion in Uttarakhand. The research is based on current literature and studies, as well as government and tourism sector data. The findings indicate that homestay accommodation has significant potential to generate income and provide alternative livelihood options for rural communities in Uttarakhand; but requires greater support and investment from the government and other stakeholders in order to address the challenges facing the homestay sector. The chapter finishes with suggestions for enhancing the viability of homestay accommodations in rural Uttarakhand, including capacity building, infrastructural improvement, and marketing assistance.