Dissertationen zum Thema „Véhicules automobiles – Systèmes de communication“
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Ayaida, Marwane. „Contribution aux communications intra-véhicule et inter-véhicules“. Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModern vehicles are equipped with various devices that aim to automate tasks (shift transmission, cruise control, etc.) or to provide services to the user (driver assistance, obstacle detection, etc.). Communications between vehicles help to expand these services through the collaboration of several vehicles (accident prevention, traffic management, etc.). The proliferation of these devices, their interfaces and protocols makes the data exchange more complex. In addition, inter-vehicle communication is more restrictive because of the vehicles' high mobility.In this work, we propose the design of a communication channel Connect to All (C2A) that ensures the interoperability between embedded devices in a vehicle. In fact, it detects the equipment connection, recognizes it and allows it to exchange data with other devices. The channel design starts by the modelling step using two different techniques (the model checker tool UPPAAL and the Specification and Description Language (SDL). Then, we validate the designed models. We also detail a concrete implementation of the channel on an embedded chip that aims to show the C2A interoperability concept feasibility.We also studied the mobility effects in the inter-vehicular communication through a hybrid approach mixing routing and location-based service. This approach provides a mechanism to reduce vehicle-tracking costs while increasing routing performances. Moreover, we compare two applications of this approach: Hybrid Routing and Grid Location Service (HRGLS) and Hybrid Routing and Hierarchical Location Service (HRHLS) with classical approaches to prove the added value. Then, this approach is improved with a mobility prediction algorithm. The latter allows a better understanding of the vehicle movements by estimating them. Similarly, the hybrid approach with mobility prediction Predictive Hybrid Routing and Hierarchical Location Service (PHRHLS) is compared with the basic approach and HRHLS in order to show the mobility prediction advantages
Ammoun, Samer. „Contribution des communications intervéhiculaires pour la conception de systèmes avancés d’aide à la conduite“. Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3671/01/These_Ammoun.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe advanced driver assistance systems aim to introduce intelligence into the. The classic approach is to provide the vehicle with the ability to perceive its environment. The recent developments in the field of wireless telecommunications has made possible to re-think the driving model by introducing the concept of cooperatio. The standardization of a communication protocol for the automotive domain is being preparedbut the successful introduction of this technology is strongly correlated to the implementation of realistic services. To bridge this gap, we wanted to focus in this thesis on the design of new cooperative driver assistance systems for the improvement of road safety. The aim of the thesis is thus to demonstrate the feasibility of cooperative applications with existing communications equipments and to study the contribution of this technology in the prevention of collisions. We propose architecture for wireless communication based on the 802. 11 standard, and we explore theperformance of our system through campaigns to test the adequacy with the requirements of the cooperative applications. Based on this architecture, we exploited our system in two types of applications:- The risk assessment on intersection approach- The assistance during a lane changeFor each of these two scenarios we have implemented a system of collision risk prediction and prevention between vehicles and performed real tests on the experimental prototyping platform LaRA
Jabbour, Maged. „Localisation de véhicules en milieu urbain à l'aide d'un lidar et d'une base de données navigable“. Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1713.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with 2D dynamic ego-localization of Intelligent Vehicles in urban areas by using, as main source of information, a GPS receiver hybridized with a lidar (laser range scanner), a digital database and proprioceptive sensors, in order to overcome the problem of poor satellite visibility in urban areas. Thanks to the mapping of road curves, the lidar allows localizing the vehicle with an accuracy that increases as the vehicle drives in the same areas. This procedure is implemented using a Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) formulation of the problem. Since, road databases contain location information that can be fused to improve localization. A multi hypothesis map-matching method for tracking the pose is proposed. It uses the map information as an observation in the localization process through a Gaussian mixture. Finally, we propose to use the road database as a backbone to manage natural landmarks storage coming from exteroceptive sensors. These landmarks, which are regrouped in local maps and linked to roads, constitute a dedicated geographic information layer that can be used for the autonomous navigation of intelligent vehicles. Experimental results show the performance of the different studied approaches
Salameh, Nadeen. „Conception d’un système d’alerte embarqué basé sur les communications entre véhicules“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAM0016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the last recent years, ADAS systems such as collision warning, tracking, night vision and navigation systems have been developed. The development of these systems has witness eda growing importance, as they are expected to help improving both road safety and traffic efficiency. More over, they have an ability to enhance the communication between the road infrastructure and the vehicle or between vehicles for safer and efficient transportation services such as : embedded advance collision, collision avoidance and automatic control. In addition,given the rapidly increasing interest in wireless communications, cooperative ADAS define anew framework of autonomous inter vehicular communication which operates on the assumption that such vehicles consist of a multitude of coordinated advanced sensory technologies.Sensors acquire real-time data about road conditions to help the driver respond effectively by sending appropriate messages between vehicles. In addition, these data help to assess the performance of ADAS in the context of improving driver behavior. It is necessary to set some main metrics such as inter-vehicle distance, driver reaction time and time to collision. The messages are transmitted to drivers using vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) which are a specific type of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks hold the promise to contribute to safe and more efficient roadways.In this thesis we proposed a new methodology of development to prototype ADAS. This methodology dedicated to cooperative ADAS drove us to implement a new simulated frameworkof prototyping system. This framework combines the data from three models : Geo-localizationGPS, vision and V2V communication towards an application of anti-collision warning system. A major problem in communicating ADAS systems is the quality and robustness of the communication.It depends on a large number of parameters that must be modeled to assess there liability of these systems. We developed a new prototyping system based on the principle ofaugmenting the reality in which we can replay actual data and change settings of communication environment. The GPS data and routing protocols were crucial elements for V2V model simulation into ns-2 simulator. We have performed real tests on the experimental prototyping platform LaRA. Multiple results are presented to show up the constancy of the method and the performance efficiency of real-time multi sensors in an integrated framework for collision avoidance applications. Results of this research have shown that IVCs simulations system provides enhanced data for the verification of features of new ADAS. The results of routing protocols simulation with real-time location data are integrated in the new developed prototype. The implementation of the system warning was used to estimate the number of pre-collisions detected in both real and simulated situations. The difference between these two situations was studied and analyzed for several scenarios corresponding to different road situations
Challita, Georges. „Contribution au positionnement des véhicules communicants fondé sur les récepteurs GPS et les systèmes de vision“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAM0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work realised at the STI team of the LITIS Laboratory, in collaboration with the Center of Robotics CAOR at the Ecole des Mines of Paris and the INRIA Rocquencourt, and tested on the prototype LARA. The aim is to better positionning of intelligent vehicles equipped with GPS, vision systems and communication devices used for cooperation between vehicles. In urban areas, The usage of GPS is not always ideal because of the poorness of the satellite coverage. Sometimes, the GPS signal may be also corrupted by multipath reflections due to tunnels, high buildings, electronic interferences etc. So, in order to accurate the vehicle positioning in the navigation application, the GPS data will be enhanced with vision data using communication between vehicles. The vision system is based on a monocular real-time vision-based vehicle detection. We can calculate the distance between vehicles using the pinhole model. We developped a rain detection system using the same camera. The inter-vehicle cooperation is made possible thanks to the revolution in the wireless mobile ad hoc network. Localization information can be exchanged between the vehicles through a wireless communication devices. The creation of the system will adopt the Monte Carlo Method or what we call a particle filter for the treatment of the GPS data and vision data. An experimental study of this system is performed on our fleet of experimental communicating vehicles LARA
Bel, Hadj Mabrouk Ahmed. „Etude théorique et expérimentale d'un moyen d'essais permettant de reproduire les canaux de radiocommunication intra-véhicule“. Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhaled, Yacine. „Contributions aux communications dans les réseaux de véhicules : application à la pré-visibilité de route“. Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1714.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe communication in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an important component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) allowing a vehicle to communicate with others, even if they are not in the same neighbourhood. The use of communications in this type of network allows to improve the road safety as well as comfort of the driver and passengers. However, VANET behaves fundamentally different from the traditional ad hoc network, that it is characterized for high mobility and rapidly changing topology. Thus, the important challenges appear such the access to the channel and information routing. In this thesis, we deal with communication in vehicular network so that this one is applied to roads foreseeing. We start by studying the adequacy of IEEE 802. 11 standard in VANET, in order to prototype our solutions with this standard. In parallel, we study the fairness in chain of senders. Then, we analyse the routing solutions in VANET, where we propose a new taxonomy of routing protocols based on the use-cases; applications requirement and road environnement are taken into account. After, we propose a new approach of routing in VANET, in which vehicles communicate through conditions instead of to use an addressing. The knowledge of road environment allows to optimize communications by adapting the conditions of retransmissions, through the existence of a stable structure. For this usage, we propose an algorithm of detection of this structure, represented by a convoy. Finally, we implement these solutions in our two platforms: embedded and with the network simulator
Plainchault, Patrick. „Sécurisation de la conduite par communication véhicule infrastructure à base de transpondeurs“. Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000137/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor many years, car manufacturers have been trying to ensure the safety of automobile movements. This thesis relates how a transponder based communication between vehicles and infrastructure can be used. In the first part overview of localisation systems (LIDAR, RADAR, video cameras, magnetic strip following, GPS, gyro platforms and cartography systems embedded in the vehicle), local communication (DAB, UMTS, DSRC, Bluetooth, WIFI, InfraRed,. . . ) and transponder technology are presented. Then it recalls the principles of transponder. This communication system consists of two main elements: 1) a base station with an antenna embedded in a vehicle, 2) a transponder, located in the tread including an antenna, a microcontroller for data processing and communication and a memory. Finally, also some results and applications: lateral and longitudinal positioning, inter distance calculation and detection of wrong way traffic are presented
El, Ali Farah. „Communication unicast dans les réseaux mobiles dynamiques“. Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795923.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRusso, Jean-Nicola. „Evaluation du risque de téléscopage dans un contexte de véhicules communicants par la méthode des réseaux Bayésiens“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH2947.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTechnological advances and the globalization of transport have led to an increase flow of passengers. However, in the automotive sector, technical or human problems lead to accidents that still cause thousands of injuries and deaths each year. As a result, government authorities and car manufacturers are working on new regulations and technical advances to ensure safety of every road user. To ensure that cut of deaths and injuries, an interesting research approach is to merge information from the vehicle, the driver and the environment in order to warn the driver of the risk he is taking or even to act directly on the vehicle. Thus, after defining the risk we consider, we are interested here in its modelling and estimation in real time. In this context, the deceleration of the leading vehicle is monitored and studied then we analyze and process the data through a Bayesian network in order to evaluate the rear-end risk that will be shared through vehicular communication thanks to VANet
Shang, Lu. „Économie de l’Innovation : le cas du véhicule intelligent“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTitled “Economy of innovation – The case of the intelligent (smart ?) vehicle”, this thesis deals with the growing innovation in the transportation means through the growing importance of artificial intelligence in vehicles, in infrastructures, and in centralized regulation and monitoring centers. It presents new theoretical instruments applicable for the economy of innovation by defining the framework of its behavioral aspects. These new theoretical instruments are applied to the case of designers and to the case of consumers-drivers of the intelligent vehicle. Innovative topics are the following: - the impact of intelligent systems on road safety, - the conditions for accepting and spreading intelligent systems, - the evolution of the car industry towards the intelligent vehicle, - the global design of the intelligent vehicle: the artificial intelligence embedded in the vehicle as an assistant tool or the vehicle as secondary to the intelligence of the movement
Obeid, Nizar. „Évaluation des performances en localisation d’un radar ultra large bande millimétrique pour l’automobile“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10139/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to ensure maximum safety of users of road transport and to reduce the number of road accidents, considerable scientific research is conducted. The use of radar mounted on vehicles is a considered technological entry point. The required functions are measuring the distance and the velocity of fixed or mobile obstacles and providing their directions of arrival. More recently, a secondary vehicle to vehicle communication function has been suggested for these radar sensors. This thesis was part of a national research project launched in 2007 entitled "Communication inter VEhicules and accurate relative LOcation (VELO)" following a call for tenders from the French National Agency of Research. This project aims to design and to implement a radar sensor operating at the recently assigned millimeter frequency band of 79 GHz. Different functions must be provided by this sensor: Detection and radial distances of the targets; Targets speed measurements; Vehicle to vehicle communication; and Accurate targets relative location. The ultimate goal of these sensors is to constitute a safety virtual belt operating at 360 ° all around the vehicle, providing a high resolution localization of all the surrounding targets and the ability to communicate with other vehicles. In this work we focus particularly on the part “accurate relative localization of the targets”. We show that through the use of the ultra wideband (UWB) technique and of sub nanosecond pulses we can simultaneously satisfy these requirements. To evaluate the relative localization accuracy provided by this approach, the impact of different parameters are modeled: pulse waveforms, sampling rate, jitter, TOA, TDOA, DOA (Time Of Arrival, Time Difference Of Arrival, Direction Of Arrival) methods. Simulation models needed to assess overall system performance relative location were implemented and developed in MatlabTM and ADSTM. These simulation results have been validated during an experimental phase where we have localized sources emitting at 4 GHz and 60 GHz in a laboratory environment. A channel model considering a two-ray approach was also implemented in the simulations and experimentally validated at 63 GHz
Gonçalves, Tiago Rocha. „Robust control of platooning systems over imperfect wireless channels“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransportation systems are critical for society, as the persistent pace of economic growth and increase of demands are closely related to more transportation activity. In this framework, the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has emerged as a research trending topic to enhance and address new traffic-system challenges. Platooning systems represent a relatively simple approach in terms of deployment towards fuel efficient solutions, traffic congestion reduction, and road safety improvements. In particular, vehicle platoon is a specific formation by a group of coordinated vehicles, in which a short inter-vehicle distance is maintained by virtue of automation and vehicular communication technologies. The deployment of such systems are closely related to a careful evaluation of the synergy between both core technologies.In this thesis, we formulate and analyze a class of platooning problems by addressing communication and control aspects with the related challenges introduced by the overlap of both areas. We first evaluate the robustness of the platoon performance under severe conditions for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications, expressed in long bursts of losses and in difficult traffic jamming conditions on the road. We propose a dynamic control mechanism where the parameters of the well-known Predicted Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (PCACC) are adapted based on the observed network link quality.The network reliability is of utmost importance as it limits the control system operation. In order to overcome the impact of dropped and delayed messages, we propose an analytical modeling of a novel V2V relaying scheme and a study of the impact of Roadside Unit (RSU) relaying as alternatives to extend the coverage range of the leader message. We start by developing a Markov model for the different communication links, and we carefully evaluate the impact of network parameters (errors and delays) on the controller performance (inter-vehicle distance). This is done by integrating the resulting packet error rate with the delay distribution and evaluating its impact on the platoon performance.The analysis formulated so far is narrowed to improve the performance of the platoon system while carefully considering the presence of a large number of point-to-point V2V links. Despite significant, we lack an explicit evaluation to quantify such developments in terms of fuel consumption, which is the most important aspect from the economical perspective and feasibility of platooning for commercial purposes. In this context, the last objective in this thesis is to address explicitly the fuel consumption problem in platooning systems. We reduce the fuel consumption attainable by the switching of two control policies, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), in platooning systems. Among the propositions, we adopt Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques as an alternative solution to indirectly control the system. The carried out simulations demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme even under strong traffic congestion
Lu, Shuxian. „Modélisation et validation expérimentale de concept de Détection Vidéo Coopérative destiné à un système stéréo anticollision inter-véhicule“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112154/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis was devoted to the development of a new detection method for vehicular collision avoidance system based on trajectory measurement, which could contribute to driver assistance systems.In order to obtain high detection probability, we have chosen the cooperative stereoscopic video solution: the cooperation between vehicles makes it easier and more reliable when they aim to detect each other. There are two participants in the system: the “system carriers" vehicles, or the " followers" are equipped with stereoscopic cameras (two image sensors), who belong to high speed technology families; the "targets" vehicles are equipped with modulated LED lights, with the modulation frequency being already known by the "followers". After space-time filtering, the system detects the signals emitted bymodulated lights sources, which greatly reduces the amount of information to be processed comparing to traditional trajectory calculations methods. The detection of modulated light is achieved by filtering based on digital image processing, which is adapted to the desired modulation frequency. We have proposed three types of filters suitable for detecting the modulation at this frequency and at the same time for rejecting the background as well as possible.In order to be able to evaluate the performances of both detecting signals and rejecting false alarms, we first performed numerical simulations based on the model signals, then calculations on real signals acquired in static and driving experiments. The tested speeds were from 30km/h up to 100km/h, which allowed us to analyze the signals emitted from vehicle lights as well as the behavior of our filters under different angular velocities of the lights (zero, low and high). The result of these experiments showed that our method of filtering could detect LED-type DRL lights up to 140m without any false alarm. This is essential to define more precisely the values of thresholds of such systems. We have also evaluated technologies that are possible to improve system performance in the future, which are not yet ready to be used in industry productions. For example, artificial "retinas" could allow us to integrate analog filters in the chips, and thus to reduce bandwidth of the filters
Khoder, Rami. „Etude de la mobilité et de la qualité de service des communications véhiculaires optiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis topic is a part of the global interest in wireless vehicular networks. Over the past decade, the number of road accidents has increased quickly with the growth of the automotive sector. Statistics have demonstrated that the high number of accidents on the road is primarily due to the high traffic density and the lack of information about other drivers' decisions. Recent studies have shown the importance of vehicular communications, which allow the exchange of real-time traffic safety information between vehicles and thus contribute to accidents avoidance.Through vehicular communication, known as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), which includes vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicles can exchange road safety and traffic management messages with low latency. Platoon formation is considered an interactive option that can improve V2X communication and ensure more safety. The vehicle platoon is defined as a group of vehicles following each other, moving in a straight line with a very short inter-vehicle space. Several vehicle platoon formation strategies have been defined in order to manage the platoon's lifetime and stability. However, none of these strategies has taken into account traffic congestion and speed constraints.The first objective of our work is to propose a new platoon formation algorithm called speed platoon splitting (SPS) where vehicles are grouped according to their destination (the leading vehicle has the farthest destination and the latest vehicle has the nearest destination). The main purpose of SPS is to target alleviating congestion by using a ticket pool and classify platoons according to their velocity in two different lanes. Performance analysis shows that SPS provides platoon stability and reduces highway congestion.V2X communications can be achieved via radio frequency (RF) technologies, especially the 802.11p standard. However, due to the accelerated growth in the number of devices, this technology suffers from several problems such as high latency and channel congestion. An alternative communication solution is provided by visible light communication (VLC). VLC is the usage of visible light as a wireless data transmission technique. VLC reduces complexity and cost, enables high precision positioning and increases network scalability and security.The second objective of this thesis tackles the performance of VLC in V2V among the platoon members. For this purpose, we considered two mathematical models validated by simulations for two different scenarios (we have taken an M/M/1 and an M/GI/1 queues for the first and the second scenarios respectively). The performance evaluations present a detailed study of the VLC in the presence of disruptive vehicles and they are used to derive computations of the Quality of Service parameters. The main conclusion drawn is that VLC technology is considered an efficient technique but it is affected by disruptive vehicles.The third objective of the thesis focuses on proposing a mechanism for vertical handover (VHO) between VLC and RF technologies. This objective is composed of two parts, the first one is based on the threshold value to make a vertical handover decision or by using machine learning techniques. The second part is to choose the appropriate technology after VHO using the utility function or the cooperative game.Throughout the thesis, the performance evaluation of the VLC is based on mathematical modelling. Moreover, the simulation is performed to validate this mathematical modelling
Belmekki, Sabrine. „Multi-level risk and collective perception for high quality of service automated mobility in a highly dynamic V2X connected environment“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of automated vehicle (AV) technologies such as self-driving cars is becoming more prevalent in daily life. These technologies aim to create fully- connectedtransportation systems, still there are concerns that remain unaddressed. Studieshave shown that AVs can reduce collisions, ease traffic congestion, and providetransportation options for those who lack access. Yet, car manufacturers havealready implemented certain automated features in their vehicles. One importantaspect of AVs is improving communication between the vehicle and roadside.The objective of this study is to investigate the adaptability and suitability of theChain branch leaf (CBL) communication model in cooperative systems to exam-ine its impact on traffic responses. Additionally, the research aims to determinethe role of Roadside Units and the effectiveness of multi-level perception in riskmitigation. The ultimate goal of this research is to improve communication andcollaboration between autonomous vehicles leading to safer and more efficient traf-fic flow.This thesis focuses on the estimation of obstacle attributes, the road, and theego-vehicle to improve the quality of service on the road through communication,localization, and perception functions. We propose architectures and communica-tion strategies that will take into account the information of surrounding vehiclesto optimize coverage and estimate collision risk at different levels including local,extended local, extended branch, and global.Subsequently, we use the most relevant metrics (Time to Collision (TTC), TimeHeadway (TH), Distance of Gruyer (DG), RISK (R), Risk estimator with Uncer-tainties and Multidimensional model (RIMUM)), to estimate the four (extended)collision risks. In optimal conditions first with perfect location and perception,and then the uncertainty scenario of perception with perfect location. Resultsshow that the extended risks allow better anticipation of the collision than thelocal risk.Furthermore, we have developed a new extended version of the Chain branch leaf-Gateway (CBL-G) model, which proves to be more efficient in terms of coverage.The hierarchical architecture of the model allows us to calculate collision riskswith greater accuracy. The different levels of risk allow us to identify potentiallydangerous situations earlier, which is considered to be very relevant for incidentprevention.In our future research projects, we plan to study other situations such as roadintersections, highway exits, and entrances, as well as roundabouts. Additionally,we would also like to explore cases where we are unable to locate nodes throughthe chain (such as passing through tunnels). And elaborate risk indicators thatexplore all key components (ego vehicle, driver, obstacle, road, and environment)
Abualhoul, Mohammad. „Communications par lumière visible et radio pour la conduite coopérative autonome : application à la conduite en convois“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM084/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis effort contributes to the autonomous vehicular communication and urban mobility improvements. The work addresses the main radio-based V2V communication limitations and challenges for ITS hard-safety applications and intends to deploy the vehicular lighting system as a supportive communication solution for platooning of IVC-enabled autonomous vehicles. The ultimate objectives of this Ph.D research are to integrate the VLC system within the existing C-ITS architecture by developing a VLC prototype, together with sufficient, hand-over algorithms enabling VLC, RF, and perception-based solutions in order to ensure the maximum safety requirements and the continuous information exchange between vehicles. The feasibility and efficiency of the VLC-RF system implementation and hand-over algorithms were subjects to deep investigations over six self-contained chapters meant to facilitate a logical progression of materials and to enable a relatively easy access. In addition to the improvement in road capacity by utilizing the convoy-based autonomous driving systems. The carried out simulations followed-up by experimental results proved that the integration of VLC with the existed RF solutions lead to a definite benefit in the communication channel quality and safety requirements of a platooning system when a proper hand-over algorithm is utilized
Randriamasy, Malalatiana. „Localisation et transmissions sécurisées pour la communication Véhicule à Infrastructure (V2I) : Application au service de télépéage ITS-G5“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe precise localization of vehicles and the security of communication are requirements that make almost of the services provided in intelligent transport systems (ITS) more reliable. In recent years, they have been the subject of numerous research projects for various fields of application. In this thesis, the context is the development of an electronic toll service using the ITS-G5 technology. This wireless communication technology initially allows the sharing of traffic safety information between vehicles (V2V), vehicle and infrastructure (V2I). In our work, we propose a tolling application using equipment operating in ITS-G5 embedded in the connected vehicles and roadside units. For this, ensuring both precise geolocation of the vehicles and security of communication are required to validate the transaction.In order to properly locate the vehicles during the toll crossing, our approach is based on the understanding of the kinematics of the vehicle through a suitable modeling from the data collected in the cooperative messages (called CAM: Cooperative Awareness Message). This approach aims to improve the geolocation information already present in the message. Our goal is to achieve vehicle localization with an accuracy lower than one meter to distinguish two adjacent vehicles. On the other hand, the proposed tolling protocol ensures the authentication of the equipment or entities involved in the exchange and the validation of the transaction, the integrity of the transmitted data as well as the confidentiality of the communication. In this way, we take into account the context of the wireless communication and the sensitivity of the exchanged data. Our two contributions are integrated in the implemented Proof of Concept of the tolling application using the ITS-G5 technology
Dahmouni, Nor El Islam. „Caractérisation multidimensionnelle du canal de propagation et contribution de l'intelligence artificielle à la classification des scénarios de propagation pour les communications véhiculaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILN014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the past few years, mobile networks have significantly improved theirperformance, especially with the advent of 5G offering much higher data rate than4G. These advancements are attributable to technological progress in various areassuch as integrated antenna systems and electronic components that combine highresponse time with low power consumption. 5G ushers in an era of diversifiedservices including the Internet of Things (IoT) and vehicular communications, fromVehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V). In this context, 5Gintroduces a class of communication (URLLC) offering ultra-low latency andincreased reliability.To enhance the performance of 5G in terms of spectral efficiency, the number ofusers, and latency time, research began in October 2022 as part of the 3GPP Release18 with the goal of exploring the potential that Artificial Intelligence (AI) andMachine Learning (ML) models could bring to the radio interface. This project aimsto optimize the channel estimation technique and resource allocation, as well aspositioning accuracy.As part of these studies, this thesis focuses on V2I links in suburban environmentsand tunnels. Its objective is to create an experimental database of the most relevantparameters of the propagation channel, which will then allow for the training of MLmodels. On this point, the state of the art only concerns indoor environments or theurban environment with satellite links.The originality of the work lies in : i) measurement campaigns carried out inrealistic environments and scenarios, ii) the multidimensional characterization(time-space-frequency-polarization) of the propagation channel considering MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output-MIMO) antenna networks at the transmission andreception, iii) the analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of MIMO channels,and, iv) the adaptation of machine learning models for the classification ofpropagation scenarios.These works have led to the creation of an experimental database obtained fromthe exploitation of measurements made in suburban sites and tunnels, andrespectively on approximately 100k and 200k V2I channel matrices. The ML modelfor the classification of propagation scenarios, either in line of sight (LOS) or Non lineof sight (NLOS), shows prediction performances of 97.9% ; the number of points inLOS and NLOS is balanced to feed the model
Glaser, Sébastien. „Modélisation et analyse d'un véhicule en trajectoires limites. Application au développement de systèmes d'aide à la conduite“. Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EVRY0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe propose a new approach for the run-off-road of car-like vehicle problem, based on an expression of a risk function. After the study of the yaw and roll angle trajectory stability using a vehicle/road model, the run-off-road problem has been analysed through three variables: time to line crossing, load transfer on a car axle, and mobilised stiffness. This last one has been used to develop a driving assistance, that warns the driver of excessive speed or inadequate deceleration: by limiting this variable, given the road characteristics, we generate a speed profile. We then give precision requirements on road characteristics based on the analysis of these profiles. We supposed, for the development of this assistance, that the road characteristics are stored on an onboard database. This work can be taken as a base for future development of predictive assistances
Grégoire-Girard, Pierre-Luc. „Communication inter-véhicules et route-à-véhicule : apprentissage de la communication inter-véhicules“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20541.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRipert, Pierre-Jean. „Modélisation et identification paramétrique de l'effort de contact pneumatique/sol pour la dynamique véhicule“. Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=7dfc229e-6ee9-466d-bbe3-ca82178b642c.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with improvement of tire correlation between real tests and simulations. Two ways are used: in one hand parametric identification methodology and in another hand tire model. Parametric identification methodology is said “guaranteed” because it is designed in a criticism way. Thus with all kind of excitations (from test bench or passenger car), structure model and parameters can be obtained robustly. Tire model is based on the robotic formalism and on empirical specification model of tire/ground interaction forces. The obtained model can be used to specify or to predict tyre static force behaviours and first order dynamics. The developed parametric identification methodology and the tire model are combined to characterise few tires with the PSA Peugeot Citroën test bench. Pertinent and observable behaviours are so deduced. The methodology is applied to cornering force and self aligning torque models dedicated to steering handling. At the end the method is applied to real running car measurements to identify cornering force. It proves the validity of the method both for test bench data and for running car data
Chamaillard, Yann. „Modélisation et identification de systèmes complexes : application à des véhicules routiers en vue de l'étude d'un nouveau système de freinage“. Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0437.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Khoury Georges. „Etude et simulation de systèmes de climatisation adaptés aux véhicules hybrides“. Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1357.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation aims at analyzing the impact of the air-conditioning system on hybrid vehicles by using data of the additional fuel consumption due to MAC operation. Those data are obtained on roll benches (UTAC and CRF) and test benches (CEP and VALEO) dedicated to mobile air conditioning systems. Tests on Prius I show that energy savigs due to hybridization are compromised when the air conditioning system is driven by a mechanical compressor, which requires operation of the engine when the vehicle is stopped. Electrical and hybrid compressors have been tested. Air conditioning loops integrating those compressors are simulated via a set of MACLIB routines developed during this thesis in Matlab/Simulink language. MACLIB is then integrated in the ADVISOR simulator in order to evaluate additional fuel consumptions of the different air conditioning systems installed on a reference hybrid vehicle. Some simulations have been validated by tests performed on roll benches at UTAC, on the Prius II equipped with an electric compressor. Once MACLIB has been validated, comparative analyses of air conditioning systems either mechanical, or electrical, or hybrid (mechanical/electrical) installed on the reference vehicle, have been performed. Those analyses end by the evaluation of the annual additional fuel consumption of mobile air conditioning systems operating under two European climatic conditions
El, Orche Mohamed. „Développement de systèmes paramétriques physiques pour l'analyse d'impact de véhicules multi-corps flexibles lors d'un accident et algorithme d'indentification“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30362/30362.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, two types of physical parametric models built using a combination of springs, masses and links are introduced for a vehicle frontal crash study. In addition, two 5DOF linear parametric models (LMS) are proposed and checked, based on the previous investigation made by Mr Javad Marzbanrad and Mostafa Pahlavani. The values of spring and dampers have been determined using an optimisation of deceleration, considering the numerical results from finite element and experimental results. These determined values have been calculated on the basis of minimisation of the root mean square of the difference between simulated and experimental results as occurred for occupants in the frontal crash.
Colin, Guillaume. „Optimisation du contrôle de la chaîne de traction des véhicules automobiles“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917564.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHéry, Elwan. „Localisation coopérative de véhicules autonomes communicants“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2516.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo be able to navigate autonomously, a vehicle must be accurately localized relatively to all obstacles, such as roadside for lane keeping and vehicles and pedestrians to avoid causing accidents. This PhD thesis deals with the interest of cooperation to improve the localization of cooperative vehicles that exchange information. Autonomous navigation on the road is often based on coordinates provided in a Cartesian frame. In order to better represent the pose of a vehicle with respect to the lane in which it travels, we study curvilinear coordinates with respect to a path stored in a map. These coordinates generalize the curvilinear abscissa by adding a signed lateral deviation from the center of the lane and an orientation relative to the center of the lane taking into account the direction of travel. These coordinates are studied with different track models and using different projections to make the map-matching. A first cooperative localization approach is based on these coordinates. The lateral deviation and the orientation relative to the lane can be known precisely from a perception of the lane borders, but for autonomous driving with other vehicles, it is important to maintain a good longitudinal accuracy. A one-dimensional data fusion method makes it possible to show the interest of the cooperative localization in this simplified case where the lateral deviation, the curvilinear orientation and the relative positioning between two vehicles are accurately known. This case study shows that, in some cases, lateral accuracy can be propagated to other vehicles to improve their longitudinal accuracy. The correlation issues of the errors are taken into account with a covariance intersection filter. An ICP (Iterative Closest Point) minimization algorithm is then used to determine the relative pose between the vehicles from LiDAR points and a 2D polygonal model representing the shape of the vehicle. Several correspondences of the LiDAR points with the model and different minimization approaches are compared. The propagation of absolute vehicle pose using relative poses with their uncertainties is done through non-linear equations that can have a strong impact on consistency. The different dynamic elements surrounding the ego-vehicle are estimated in a Local Dynamic Map (LDM) to enhance the static high definition map describing the center of the lane and its border. In our case, the agents are only communicating vehicles. The LDM is composed of the state of each vehicle. The states are merged using an asynchronous algorithm, fusing available data at variable times. The algorithm is decentralized, each vehicle computing its own LDM and sharing it. As the position errors of the GNSS receivers are biased, a marking detection is introduced to obtain the lateral deviation from the center of the lane in order to estimate these biases. LiDAR observations with the ICP method allow to enrich the fusion with the constraints between the vehicles. Experimental results of this fusion show that the vehicles are more accurately localized with respect to each other while maintaining consistent poses
Sulface, Allain. „Simulation du trafic routier et communication inter-véhicules“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28507/28507.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeissonnier, Julien. „Identification des paramètres géométriques et élastocinématiques de mécanismes de liaison au sol automobile“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/70/22/70/PDF/2006CLF21677.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchmitt, Claude. „Contribution à l'identification des paramètres physiques de systèmes complexes : application au véhicule automobile“. Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0592.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLefee, David. „Contribution à la réalisation d'un capteur de vision 3D pour systèmes embarqués : coopération entre traitements passifs pour la détection des piétons dans un environnement urbain“. Rouen, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerrin, Olivier. „Modélisation et diagnostic de pannes dans des organes de véhicules automobiles à basse consommation“. Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchweppe, Hendrik. „Sécurité et protection de la vie privée dans les systèmes embarqués automobiles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectronic equipment has become an integral part of a vehicle's network architecture, which consists of multiple buses and microcontrollers called Electronic Control Units (ECUs). These ECUs recently also connect to the outside world. Navigation and entertainment system, consumer devices, and Car2X functions are examples for this. Recent security analyses have shown severe vulnerabilities of exposed ECUs and protocols, which may make it possible for attackers to gain control over a vehicle. Given that car safety-critical systems can no longer be fully isolated from such third party devices and infotainment services, we propose a new approach to securing vehicular on-board systems that combines mechanisms at different layers of the communication stack and of the execution platforms. We describe our secure communication protocols, which are designed to provide strong cryptographic assurances together with an efficient implementation fitting the prevalent vehicular communication paradigms. They rely on hardware security modules providing secure storage and acting as root of trust. A distributed data flow tracking based approach is employed for checking code execution against a security policy describing authorized communication patterns. Binary instrumentation is used to track data flows throughout execution (taint engine) and also between control units (middleware), thus making it applicable to industrial applications. We evaluate the feasibility of our mechanisms to secure communication on the CAN bus, which is ubiquitously implemented in cars today. A proof of concept demonstrator also shows the feasibility of integrating security features into real vehicles
Khammari, Ayoub. „Système embarqué de détection multi-sensorielle de véhicules : application à la gestion intelligente des interdistances“. Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1319.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis ph. D. Thesis tackles the problem of improving the robustness of vehicle detection for acc applications. In fact, one corporal accident out of four is due to a rear collision. For this sake, we combine two sensors : a frontal camera and a laser scanner. The improvement of the robustness stems from two aspects. First, we addressed the visionb based detection by developing an original approach based on fine gradient analysis, enhanced with the algorithm adaboost/ga for vehicle recognition. Then, we use the theory of evidence as a fusion framework to combine confidences delivered by the sensors and algorithms in order to improve the classification "vehicle vs. Non vehicle". The final architecture of the system is not only modular but also generic and flexible, that it could be used for other detection applications. The system was successfully implemented on lara, the prototype vehicle of the robotics center. It was evaluated at the final session of the project arcos and has demonstrated its fiability over various test scenarios elaborated specifically for acc applications
Bonnay, Frédéric. „Contribution de la logique floue à la conception et à la réalisation de systèmes copilotes de guidage immatériel“. Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchweppe, Hendrik. „Sécurité et protection de la vie privée dans les systèmes embarqués automobiles“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0062/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectronic equipment has become an integral part of a vehicle's network architecture, which consists of multiple buses and microcontrollers called Electronic Control Units (ECUs). These ECUs recently also connect to the outside world. Navigation and entertainment system, consumer devices, and Car2X functions are examples for this. Recent security analyses have shown severe vulnerabilities of exposed ECUs and protocols, which may make it possible for attackers to gain control over a vehicle. Given that car safety-critical systems can no longer be fully isolated from such third party devices and infotainment services, we propose a new approach to securing vehicular on-board systems that combines mechanisms at different layers of the communication stack and of the execution platforms. We describe our secure communication protocols, which are designed to provide strong cryptographic assurances together with an efficient implementation fitting the prevalent vehicular communication paradigms. They rely on hardware security modules providing secure storage and acting as root of trust. A distributed data flow tracking based approach is employed for checking code execution against a security policy describing authorized communication patterns. Binary instrumentation is used to track data flows throughout execution (taint engine) and also between control units (middleware), thus making it applicable to industrial applications. We evaluate the feasibility of our mechanisms to secure communication on the CAN bus, which is ubiquitously implemented in cars today. A proof of concept demonstrator also shows the feasibility of integrating security features into real vehicles
Laurence, Pierre. „Modélisation de systèmes complexes, rapides et pseudo-stables. : application à l'étude du comportement en régime établi des véhicules routiers“. Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0516.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe vehicle is a complex system which requires a heavy knowledge model to be described accurately. The tyre, an essential component of the vehicle handling qualities, is a nonlinear element and only a representation model can express its behaviour. To model the system called "vehicle", control engineers currently use a compound model that comprises a knowledge model for one part, and a representation model for another part. If the vehicle can be modelled with a transfer function describing the lateral acceleration according to the steering wheel angle, the static gain is nevertheless the image of the steady-state behaviour of the vehicle. All standard vehicles are designed to naturally understeer. But, for ordinary manoeuvres performed byanovice driver, some vehicles can oversteering, which becomes a critical situation for him. For many years, car manufacturers have focused their research on avoiding this kind of situation and on improving safety. Following the same aims, the present study is about the steady-state behaviour of a vehicle through the analysis of the geometrical particularities of the curve giving the evolution of the steering wheel angle according to the lateral acceleration. To identify this curve, a Bezier curve is used. Its parametric definition can approximate any shapes. The parameters of the curve are optimized thanks to genetic algorithms which is not only a neat solution but also a fast and robust one. Once the curve is identified, three indicators are quantified to give the image of the behaviour. They are : "equilibrium" which translates the understeering or oversteering tendency of the vehicle, "progressiveness" which indicates the way the vehicle loses and regains grip and "lateral potential", which is the direct maximum value of the lateral acceleration. The results are validated by consulting experts in the domain. Unfortunately, the assessment given by a test-driver about a vehicle can be distorted by any external events liable to modify his judgment. It is then important to compare the global classi cation given by test-drivers and the one given by ob jective quantification. To aggregate the (subjective and/or objective) assessments for the classification of the vehicles, the Choquet integral with respect of fuzzy measure is used. This powerful mathematical tool allows taking account of complementarity and redundancy between the criteria and avoids ambiguities in the classification obtained with a mean type operator. To conclude, a general classification is proposed studying the influence of criteria like comfort or safety feeling
Clavel, Arnaud. „Modélisation et identification paramétrique de systèmes hystérétiques : application à la suspension des véhicules routiers“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAttouche, Slimane. „Prédiction et tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes multi-capteurs : application à la conduite automatique de véhicules en convois“. Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-237.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMerriaux, Pierre. „Contribution à la localisation robuste embarquée pour la navigation autonome“. Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere has been a great and quick development in autonomous mobile robotics over the past few years. This growth mainly concerns autonomous vehicles and service robotics. Whatever the field of application, the localization task plays a key role in the intelligence of the mobile robots. As a result, this thesis is focused on exploring new challenges in embedding this aspect of artificial intelligence over two topics. First, we tackled the ARGOS Challenge. We have proposed a 6 Degrees of Freedom localization method based on multi-layer LiDAR data. Results show that the localization is accurate enough to perform autonomous control of the robot. Targeted applications include Oil and Gas platform patrolling. Such environments are more challenging than regular environments found in the literature. The proposed method takes into account concerns regarding CPU and memory consumption as well as embeddability. The likelihood field concept was extended to 3D. The method was benchmarked in a lab, an industrial site with single-layer and multi-layer LiDARs and 3 different robots. Robots are being located in their environment with an average error of 2. 5cm using 16% of a CPU core. Secondly, we focused on topological localization. In fact, the approach used in the ARGOS Challenge requires a small area as initial step. Our second approach enables to find the location of a road vehicle over several square kilometers. Ourmethod is based on sensorswidely available on any modern cars (ABS and ESP). Themap used is a topological representation of OpenStreet map data. Based on this information, we achieve an average error of 4m. This figure is close to GPS-based accuracy. Finally, our works are based on a specific experimental approach. In fact, developing new localization algorithms requires fine tunings. Moreover, tests, reliability and certifications of autonomous systems are still challenging for either the scientific community or the industry actors. The proposed methodology tends to propose a solution by mixing simulation, small-scale testing and full-scale testing
Chaaban, Khaled. „Architecture Informatique Temps-Réel Pour Véhicules Avancés“. Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126989.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamdad, Hichem. „Recherche d'une description optimum des sources et systèmes vibroacoustiques pour la simulation du bruit de passage des véhicules automobiles“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrently, to put a vehicle on market, car manufacturers must comply to a certification test of exterior noise. The regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ECE R51-03, specifies permissible levels a rolling motor vehicle can emit. This regulation is applied since July 1st, 2016, to replace the old regulation ECE R51-02 (test method change and tightening of permissible levels). The drastic reduction in noise levels will be done in 3 steps: from 74 dB (A) under the old regulation to 68 dB (A) in 2024. Therefore, manufacturers as well as their suppliers will face a great challenge to achieve this goal. The objective of this thesis is to develop an aid to the modeling of the pass-by noise of a vehicle, as called for in regulatory testing. The goal is to predict and evaluate accurately the noise emissions earlier in the vehicle development cycle, i.e. before the industrialization stage. We must then seek a trade-off between accuracy of estimates, sensitivity to parameters, robustness of the method and numerical efficiency
Kreis, Adrien. „Optimisation multiobjectifs de systèmes dynamiques : application à la suspension de groupes motopropulseurs de véhicules automobiles en phase d'avant-projet“. Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8591a683-68e4-4103-8942-6ee1042e7cc9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCenerario, Nicolas. „Partage d’informations dans les réseaux de communication inter-véhiculaire“. Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b15fc5ca-0eb6-4394-bba7-f843d69afc90.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is interested in the information sharing in inter-vehicle communication networks. Today, thanks to the positioning systems and to the wireless communication capacities, vehicles can exchange data relating different kind of events (emergency brake, traffic jam, available parking spot, etc. ) in order to provide new assistance systems for the drivers. In this work, we focused on vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V). The absence of any fixed communication infrastructure and the high nodes' mobility (i. E. Vehicles) in the network raise particularly interesting problems in term of data management, for example, in term of relevance estimation in these particularly dynamic environments. In this context, our main contributions concern : the proposal of mechanisms, based on the computation of an encounter probability, allowing to estimate the relevance of information exchanged between vehicles ; mechanisms of continuous query processing in decentralized environments allowing to keep information updated ; a dissemination protocol, exploiting our encounter probability, allowing to route data to vehicles potentially interested. Our proposals were evaluated in the VESPA (Vehicular Event Sharing with a mobile Peer-to-peer Architecture) system as well as through numerous simulations
Damon, Pierre-Marie. „Estimation pour le développement de systèmes d'aide à la conduite des véhicules à deux-roues motorisés“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE034/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe road accident investigations are unanimous: Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles (P2WV) users are the most vulnerable on the road. In France, for a travelled kilometer, a P2WV rider has 24 times more risk to be killed than a car driver. In addition to being "naked" vehicles highly exposed to dangers, P2WV are naturally unstable with a precarious stability. That is why vehicle loss of control is clearly identified as a recurring problem into accident causation. By analogy with the driving assistance systems developed for cars (ABS, ESP, etc.), most of these accidents could be avoided with solutions dedicated to P2WV.This PhD takes place in this context and proposed original estimation algorithms. Indeed, some P2WV dynamic information, necessary for detecting risk situations, are not measurable or they require the use of costly sensors. For both technical or economic reasons, the use of observation techniques turns out to be an adequate solution in the development of P2WV riding assistance systems. Such techniques allow to estimate the vehicle dynamics while reducing the number of sensors and overcoming the unmeasurability of some dynamics states.A first part of my work is dedicated to model-based observers. In this context, an unknown input observer, a non-linear Luenberger observer and an algebraic observer were proposed. Whereas, the second part deals with the estimation based on visual perception techniques. In this last, a first algorithm was proposed to estimate the P2WV position on the road while predicting the road geometry. Then, an extension of this work was developed to reconstruct the P2WV roll angle using only images. Finally, a vision-based risk function was studied to characterize the P2WV steering behavior.All along this manuscript, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions were demonstrated through validations with the advanced simulator BikeSim framework or on experimental data
Sakkila, Laïla. „Etude et implémentation d’un radar Ultra Large Bande pour la détection et la reconnaissance d’obstacles en milieu routier“. Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1323a5df-7cd5-4a3c-aa3d-d28cebd1a681.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter privileging mechanical power and comfort of vehicles, automotive operators, considering the constant increase of accidents and deaths along the roads, are now involved in security. This explains the introduction of intelligent security systems, based on sensors giving a perception of the environment. In this thesis, emphasis is put on obstacle detection near the vehicle. The radar sensor is an ideal candidate, for it functions in various climatic conditions. The new Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology offers several advantages: high performance obstacle detection, high resolution distance and position measurement, reasonable cost. The aim of this thesis is to design an UWB radar for low range obstacles detection and measuring precisely their distances to vehicle. For this purpose, the UWB waveforms are studied and compared with the criterions of system adequation to our application and a simple, faster and more efficient reception. The multi-users features are treated, for minimizing interferences. The receivers matched to our system are studied and algorithms for Gaussian noise effects reduction, relying upon Higher Order Statistics (HOS), are established and tested. The radar allows also recognizing detected obstacles and suppressing the non-harmful ones in the obstacle following phase. A radar prototype is built and validated, and the Receiver Operational Characteristics are evaluated
Defraiteur, Rémi. „Évaluation de systèmes d'aide à la conduite. Génération automatique de vérité terrain augmentée à partir d’un capteur haute résolution et d’une cartographie sémantique et 3D ; Evaluation de fonctions de perception tierces“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutonomous driving is one of the current major technological challenges in the automotive sector. Vehicles are becoming more complex and are integrating new systems relying on key functionalities such as perception. Perception is used in various ways to ensure safer mobility, allowing the main inboard system to understand the environment in which the vehicle evolves. Perception plays a critical role in the proper behavior of an autonomous vehicle. It is necessary to ensure that the embedded perception solutions are effective enough to meet safe driving requirements. However, the evaluation of such solutions remains a complex and little explored task. One of the critical issues is the difficulty of generating and having sufficient reference data to conduct relevant evaluations. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a new validation tool to evaluate the performances and error levels of different perception solutions, while minimizing the manual annotations. With this tool, it will be possible to lead benchmark studies on different solutions based on common criteria. The development of this tool is split into two main parts: the automated production of reference data and the evaluation method of the tested perception solutions
Berger, Cyrille. „Perception de la géométrie de l'environnement pour la navigation autonome“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/830/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of the mobile robotic research is to give robots the capability to accomplish missions in an environment that might be unknown. To accomplish his mission, the robot need to execute a given set of elementary actions (movement, manipulation of objects. . . ) which require an accurate localisation of the robot, as well as a the construction of good geometric model of the environment. Thus, a robot will need to take the most out of his own sensors, of external sensors, of information coming from an other robot and of existing model coming from a Geographic Information System. The common information is the geometry of the environment. The first part of the presentation will be about the different methods to extract geometric information. The second part will be about the creation of the geometric model using a graph structure, along with a method to retrieve information in the graph to allow the robot to localise itself in the environment
Al-Sheikh, Hiba. „Contribution au diagnostic des systèmes de conversion électrique : application au convertisseur DC/DC utilisé dans les véhicules électriques hybrides“. Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent advances in power electronics played a major role in the progress of hybrid electric vehicles. Nowadays, power converters are being intensively used in hybrid vehicles to convert power at different levels and to drive various loads. With this intensive use of power converters in modern hybrid vehicles rises the need for efficient methods of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis to ensure the reliability, safety, and availability of the automotive electrical powertrain. Thus, this dissertation contributes to the diagnosis of faults in power converter systems. The objective is to come up with a diagnostic strategy suitable for power electronics converters and apply it to a DC/DC converter interfacing a hybrid battery/ultracapacitor energy storage system and the electric traction drive in a hybrid electric vehicle. First, a sensor fault diagnosis scheme that utilizes a bank of Kalman filters suitable for switching systems is proposed. For fault detection, a GLR test with a threshold determined using ROC curves is proposed to reduce the likelihood of false alarms and increase the probability of correct detection. Second, the existing measurements were further utilized in a model-free signal-processing scheme to detect and identify power semiconductor faults in the converter. Finally, the proposed approaches were tested on a prototype of the examined power converter
Ould, Mohamed Abdellahi Mohamed El-Moustapha. „Contribution à une méthode de chiffrage paramétrique dédiée à la conception amont de systèmes mécaniques“. Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD dissertation proposes a prescriptive method dedicated to the parametric costing within the conceptual and functional design stages of mechanical system. This method is intended for the cost engineer, the project leader and mechanical design engineer. It identifies and lays out several costing tasks spread in three steps: before the design project (preparation), during the project (estimation), after the project (improvement). Its data-processing applicability was validated by a tool called Kostimator. Its relevance was appreciated in the case of manual gear box costing in the early design stage (conceptual, functional, lay out design)