Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Vegetační složení“

The thesis presents the results of the research of the long term changes in semi-natural vegetation of lowland woodlands in the forest district Klínec (phytogeographical district Střední Povltaví, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic), which is located between the northeastern part of the Brdy Highlands (Hřebeny) and the Vltava River valley. Research of the long term changes over the past nearly 60 years was conducted by resampling vegetation on semi-permanent plots. Old relevés by V. Samek (1957), which were provided by the Czech National Phytosociological database, were used as reference data. Twenty-nine relevés were resampled, which were located using old data and GIS. The shift to shady plant communities (loss of heliophilous and expansion of shade-tolerant species) was found in the study area caused by higher canopy of tree and shrub layer due to the expansion of deciduous trees. Species richness (alpha diversity) was significantly declined. Homogenization of the vegetation was not significantly demonstrated in study area. Species of nutrient-rich habitats as well as alien and invasive species were expanded and fewer red list species of vascular plants was found. Vegetation change in the area was probably most affected by the change in forest management in lowland woodlands (decline of coppicing), eutrophication (deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere, runoff from agricultural land) and the effect of forest animals especially wild boars.

The thesis is focused on biotechnical building structures that are used for greening buildings. The first part contains a review of literature, together with a list of authors, who was dealing with biotechnical engineering structures namely focusing on growing roofs -- their basic division, the use of vegetation layers, substrate composition, chemical and physical properties of the substrate and the substrate thickness for the individual vegetation. Another section is devoted to metodology, which deals with research models of green roofs and gabions. For models vegetative roofs is detailed way in which progressed in their realization. In this methodology are drawings created in AutoCAD and their detailed description of the individual parts. Further there are elaborated visualization of vegetation condition and created a frame structure in ArchiCad. The methodology described a procedure for greening gabions using created pockets of a bag filled with substrate. Again, the visualizations as wire baskets, and a bag filled pockets substrate together with the introduced plants. The conclusion is focused on the evaluation of the state of vegetation roofs and gabions.

The species of Psocoptera order were studied in selected vegetation zones in the Kralicky Sneznik Mountains on the total are of 19 plots. Localities are situated from the zonal 4th (Fageta s.lat.) to 9th (Pineta mugi s.lat.) vegetation zone and the collection of the Psocoptera species was carried out during the growing seasons of 2010 - 2013. In the interest area were caught a total number of 3352 Psocoptera imagoes. On the whole 21 of species was discovered, which is 16,4 % of total known Psocoptera species in the Czech Republic. From the 4th to 9th vegetation zone (VZ), for trees and forest types were dominance of species evaluated. In the 5th VZ was characteristic species combination Caecilius despaxi -- C. flavidus -- Enderleinella obsoleta discovered. In the 6th VZ Caecilius burmeisteri -- C. despaxi -- C. flavidus. In the 7th VZ Caecilius despaxi -- C. piceus -- Philotarsus picicornis -- Stenopsocus lachlani and in the 8th VZ was discovered charakteristic species combination Amphigerontia bifasciata -- Caecilius despaxi -- Philotarsus picicornis -- Stenopsocus lachlani.

Vegetation changes in Czech lowland forests over the past decades Martin Kopecký ABSTRACT To explore decadal changes in plant species diversity and composition of typical lowland forests in the Czech Republic, I compared vegetation on plots sampled decades ago with vegetation on the same plots sampled recently. First I evaluated the robustness of the approach used in my thesis. In Chapter 1, we provided the first direct test of the effect of uncertainty in original plot location on results from vegetation resurvey. We found that temporal trends in vegetation diversity and composition were comparable between exactly relocated permanent and only approximately relocated semi-permanent plots. Therefore, we conclude that the resurvey of semi-permanent plots is robust to the uncertainty in original plot location. Then, we showed that vegetation in lowland oak forest shifted from species-rich communities of thermophilous forest toward species poorer communities of mesic forest (Chapter 2). The species typical for thermophilous oak forests and nationally endangered species suffered the most significant decline. We identified as the main driver behind these changes shift from traditional coppicing toward high forest management after WWII. Further, we explored the processes behind temporal shifts in species diversity...

This thesis is focused on growing and nutritional value of safflower. It describes the botanical charakteristics, utilization and disease of safflower. There is also indicated growing technology, including environmental requirements, sowing soil preparation, seeding, harvesting and plant nutrition and protection. The thesis focuses especially on nutritional value of safflower and its using as feed for livestock or food for human nutrition. In my own observation was carried out experimental monitoring and sampling of safflower in various stages of vegetation. The observation was made out on individual parts of plants.

Long-term forest vegetation changes were studied in the Bohemian Forest and its foothills. New vegetation relevés were taken at sites of typological plots established by forest engineers between 1955 and 1980. Data from 158 semi-permanent plots were analysed using modern statistical methods. The data show significant changes and homogenization of the vegetation. Ellenberg indicator values indicate eutrofication. Repeated measurements of soil pH suggest acidification, but the interpretation of these data is complicated by methodological problems. The forests under study exhibit high spatial variability. No main prevailing trend in vegetation changes was found. The changes are considered to be related to sulphur and nitrogen deposition and forest management. The influence of increasing age of forest stands seems to be unimportant. Discussed are not only vegetation changes and their possible causes but also the possibilities and limitations of using such old forestry data in botanical and ecological studies.

This diploma thesis is studying population dynamics of endangered species Silene acaulis in the High Tatra Mountains in Slovakia. Silene acaulis is a species of extreme alpine habitats creating cushions that provide a microclimate acting as a facilitator of establishment of other species in the alpine communities. This dome-like structure has one woody taproot making it easier to distinguish each individual. It is thus a perfect model species for determining the population dynamics drivers. The findings help in understanding future behaviour of the species and whole alpine ecosystems. Population data have been collected since 2013 or 2014 in two valleys in the High Tatras providing a database suitable to study various effects on species performance. Data collection includes marking, measuring, counting of flowers and capsules, viability and new seedlings recording, gender identification and comparison of vegetation structure within and in close proximity of a cushion. The data on vegetation were analysed using CCA ordination and the population data were analysed using Integral Projection Models. The results show that the breeding system of Slovak S. acaulis is gynodioecious and the gender affects the size of cushions, individuals with both female and hermaphrodite flowers being the biggest. The...

Psocids (Psocoptera) were collected on 22 established plots situated in zonal 4th beechen and 5th fir-beechen vegetation tiers of Slezské Beskydy Mts area during vegetation seasons in 2015–2018. A total of 2860 adult psocids divided into 27 different species were collected. The final composition of taxocenoses was evaluated and compared with the material collected on the same plots by prof. Holuša in 1997–2005. Most psocids were collected in 5th fir-beechen vegetation tier and the greatest amount of psocids considering the tree species was found on Norway spruce. Caecilius burmeisteri was evaluated as the most abundant out of all collected species. The characteristic species combinations specific to vegetation tiers were established as Peripsocus subfasciatus – Enderleinella obsoleta – Caecilius piceus for 4th and Caecilius burmeisteri – Caecilius flavidus – Peripsocus subfasciatus for 5th vegetation tier. Differences between the abundances of Caecilius burmeisteri that increased by 11,60 % and Caecilius flavidus that increased by 9,93 % were the most considerable ones. On the other hand, there were also registered significant differences in abundance of Caecilius despaxi, Enderleinella obsoleta and Peripsocus phaeopterus species that decreased by 8,33, 6,10 and 6,08 % respectively. Some new species were collected in 2015–2018, namely Amphigerontia contaminata, Caecilius fuscopterus, Elipsocus abdominalis, Elipsocus annulatus, Graphopsocus cruciatus, Lachesilla quercus, Loensia variegata, Peripsocus alboguttatus, Peripsocus parvulus, Philotarsus parviceps, and Trichadenotecnum majus. In contrast to that some species which made an appearance in 1997–2005 were not collected, namely Cuneopalpus cyanops, Loensia fasciata, and Mesopsocus unipunctatus.