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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "VDA 6.3"
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Shin, Yong Sam, Byung Moon Kim, Se-Hyuk Kim, Sang Hyun Suh, Chang Woo Ryu, Jun Seok Koh, Dong Ik Kim und Dong Joon Kim. „Endovascular Treatment of Bilateral Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms Presenting With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage“. Operative Neurosurgery 70, suppl_1 (25.07.2011): ons75—ons81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31822ed1f0.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Optimal management of bilateral vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (bi-VDAs) causing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment methods and outcomes of bi-VDA causing SAH. METHODS: Seven patients were treated endovascularly for bi-VDA causing SAH. Treatment methods and outcomes were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Two patients were treated with 2 overlapping stents for both ruptured and unruptured VDAs, 2 with 2 overlapping stents and coiling for ruptured VDA and with conservative treatment for unruptured VDA, 1 with internal trapping (IT) for ruptured VDA and stent-assisted coiling for unruptured VDA, 1 with IT for ruptured VDA and 2 overlapping stents for unruptured VDA, and 1 with IT for ruptured VDA and a single stent for unruptured VDA. None had rebleeding during follow-up (range, 15-48 months). All patients had favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2). On follow-up angiography at 6 to 36 months, 9 treated and 2 untreated VDAs revealed stable or improved state, whereas 3 VDAs in 2 patients showed regrowth. Of the 3 recurring VDAs, 1 was initially treated with IT but recurred owing to retrograde flow to the ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), the second was treated with single stent but enlarged, and the last was treated with 2 overlapping stents and coiling but recurred from the remnant sac harboring the PICA origin. All 3 recurred VDAs were retreated with coiling with or without stent insertion. CONCLUSION: Bilateral VDAs presenting with SAH were safely treated with endovascular methods. However, endovascular treatment may be limited for VDAs with PICA origin involvement.
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Prisk, G. K., A. R. Elliott, H. J. Guy, J. M. Kosonen und J. B. West. „Pulmonary gas exchange and its determinants during sustained microgravity on Spacelabs SLS-1 and SLS-2“. Journal of Applied Physiology 79, Nr. 4 (01.10.1995): 1290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.4.1290.
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We measured resting pulmonary gas exchange in eight subjects exposed to 9 or 14 days of microgravity (microG) during two Spacelab flights. Compared with preflight standing measurements, microG resulted in a significant reduction in tidal volume (15%) but an increase in respiratory frequency (9%). The increased frequency was caused chiefly by a reduction in expiratory time (10%), with a smaller decrease in inspiratory time (4%). Anatomic dead space (VDa) in microG was between preflight standing and supine values, consistent with the known changes in functional residual capacity. Physiological dead space (VDB) decreased in microG, and alveolar dead space (VDB-VDa) was significantly less in microG than in preflight standing (-30%) or supine (-15%), consistent with a more uniform topographic distribution of blood flow. The net result was that, although total ventilation fell, alveolar ventilation was unchanged in microG compared with standing in normal gravity (1 G). Expired vital capacity was increased (6%) compared with standing but only after the first few days of exposure to microG. There were no significant changes in O2 uptake, CO2 output, or end-tidal PO2 in microG compared with standing in 1 G. End-tidal PCO2 was unchanged on the 9-day flight but increased by 4.5 Torr on the 14-day flight where the PCO2 of the spacecraft atmosphere increased by 1–3 Torr. Cardiogenic oscillations in expired O2 and CO2 demonstrated the presence of residual ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) inequality. In addition, the change in intrabreath VA/Q during phase III of a long expiration was the same in microG as in preflight standing, indicating persisting VA/Q inequality and suggesting that during this portion of a prolonged exhalation the inequality in 1 G was not predominantly on a gravitationally induced topographic basis. However, the changes in PCO2 and VA/Q at the end of expiration after airway closure were consistent with a more uniform topographic distribution of gas exchange.
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Sekhon, H. S., und W. M. Thurlbeck. „Lung cytokinetics after exposure to hypobaria and/or hypoxia and undernutrition in growing rats“. Journal of Applied Physiology 79, Nr. 4 (01.10.1995): 1299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.4.1299.
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We measured resting pulmonary gas exchange in eight subjects exposed to 9 or 14 days of microgravity (microG) during two Spacelab flights. Compared with preflight standing measurements, microG resulted in a significant reduction in tidal volume (15%) but an increase in respiratory frequency (9%). The increased frequency was caused chiefly by a reduction in expiratory time (10%), with a smaller decrease in inspiratory time (4%). Anatomic dead space (VDa) in microG was between preflight standing and supine values, consistent with the known changes in functional residual capacity. Physiological dead space (VDB) decreased in microG, and alveolar dead space (VDB-VDa) was significantly less in microG than in preflight standing (-30%) or supine (-15%), consistent with a more uniform topographic distribution of blood flow. The net result was that, although total ventilation fell, alveolar ventilation was unchanged in microG compared with standing in normal gravity (1 G). Expired vital capacity was increased (6%) compared with standing but only after the first few days of exposure to microG. There were no significant changes in O2 uptake, CO2 output, or end-tidal PO2 in microG compared with standing in 1 G. End-tidal PCO2 was unchanged on the 9-day flight but increased by 4.5 Torr on the 14-day flight where the PCO2 of the spacecraft atmosphere increased by 1–3 Torr. Cardiogenic oscillations in expired O2 and CO2 demonstrated the presence of residual ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) inequality. In addition, the change in intrabreath VA/Q during phase III of a long expiration was the same in microG as in preflight standing, indicating persisting VA/Q inequality and suggesting that during this portion of a prolonged exhalation the inequality in 1 G was not predominantly on a gravitationally induced topographic basis. However, the changes in PCO2 and VA/Q at the end of expiration after airway closure were consistent with a more uniform topographic distribution of gas exchange.
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Hutson, Thomas E., Long H. Dang, Richard C. Lauer, Alexander Starodub, Ralph J. Hauke, Theodore Logan, Kathryn A. Bylow et al. „Phase I/II study of a BNC105P/everolimus regimen for progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) following prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Hoosier Oncology Group).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, Nr. 5_suppl (10.02.2012): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.373.
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373 Background: BNC105P is a Vascular Disruption Agent (VDA) that destabilizes tubulin polymers leading to selective damage of tumor vasculature, hypoxia and associated tumor necrosis. BNC105P also has a direct anti-proliferative action on cancer cells. Up regulation of the mTOR pathway has been identified as a survival response by the tumor to hypoxic insult. Preclinical investigations demonstrated that BNC105P is effective at selectively damaging the vasculature in primary and metastatic lesions. Furthermore, BNC105P monotherapy compared well with sunitinib in mice bearing kidney tumors. It follows that the combined use of this VDA with an agent active against mTOR may improve clinical outcome in patients with progressive mRCC who are refractory to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Methods: A phase I/II study in mRCC patients who have received 1-2 prior TKIs was undertaken. Using a classic 3+3 design, the phase I component of this study enrolled 12 subjects at 4 dose levels of BNC105P (4.2, 8.4, 12.6 and 16 mg/m2; IV infusion Days 1 & 8, 21-day repeating cycle). Everolimus was administered concurrently (10 mg p.o.). PK analysis was performed during Cycle 1. Results: In the clinic the BNC105P / everolimus combination was well tolerated and no DLTs were observed in any of the phase I patients. Toxicities deemed to be drug-related included single events of Grade 2 anemia, thrombocytopenia and mucositis. Of the 12 patients enrolled to the phase I, 7 remain on treatment. The medium number of cycles is 3 (range: 1–14) and 3 patients have been administered >6 cycles of treatment. The randomized phase II component of the study continues and will compare everolimus given in combination with BNC105P to a sequential approach (everolimus followed by BNC105P). Conclusions: The MTD of BNC105P (16 mg/m2) can be combined with full dose everolimus and is being evaluated in the randomized phase II study.
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Chebil, M., J. Soria, L. Chami, C. Massard, B. Benatsou, A. Roche, J. Armand und N. Lassau. „Interest of DCE-US with quantification to demonstrate the VDA effect on vascularization in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with AVE8062“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2009): e14522-e14522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e14522.
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e14522 Background: To determine the optimal time for the assessment of the perfusion in patients receiving AVE8062 (Vascular Disrupting Agent) at different doses combined with a fixed dose of cisplatin and then to correlate these results with the tumor response. Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors, treated with AVE8062 (from 11.5 to 30 mg/m2) in combination with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin given every 3 weeks, were prospectively followed by DCE-US. DCE-US was performed before treatment, at 3 time points (0, 6 and 24 hours (h)) on Day 1 of the first (C1) and second cycle (C2), then every 2 cycles thereafter. Contrast uptake was acquired using VRI perfusion software after SonoVue bolus injection. Time-Intensity Curves (TIC) were determined using linear raw- data from CHI-Q (Toshiba) software. Peak Intensity (PI) representing the blood volume was calculated from automatic modeling of TIC. CT-scans performed before treatment and every 2 cycles were reviewed and tumor response assessed (RECIST). Results: A total of 96 DCE-US were performed in 13 pts, 11 of whom had data for both cycle 1 and cycle 2. Among these 11 patients, 8 presented with a dramatic decrease of PI and 3 with an increase of PI. At cycle 1, mean change from baseline in PI was -36% at 6h and -47% at 24h after AVE8062 infusion. Greater decreases were observed at cycle 2, -70% at 6 h and 78% at 24 h. No pt had a clinical response, but by cycle 2, the 8 pts with a decrease in PI at 24h went on to have stable disease as best response; 3 pts with increased PI 24h after their second treatment all had disease progression as best response. Conclusions: The best timing to observe the effect of AVE8062 on the PI seems to be 24 hours after drug administration at cycle 2. These preliminary results suggest that 24 hr PI at cycle 2 could be useful for determining pts who are more likely to have disease progression as best response to AVE8062. If confirmed, the assessment of PI variation may predict the clinical response to AVE8062. Further studies are needed to assess the possible predictive value of DCE-US on duration of progression-free survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Desai, J., S. Wong, G. Chong, D. Bibby, A. Leske, G. Kremmidiotis, M. Rosen und D. Rischin. „Phase I, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic evaluation of BNC105P, a novel anticancer agent that is both a vascular disrupting agent (VDA) and an inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2009): e14512-e14512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e14512.
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e14512 Background: BNC105P is a novel anticancer agent that inhibits tubulin polymerization and acts as a VDA. BNC105P is a phosphorylated parent compound which rapidly becomes the active agent BNC105. BNC105 exhibits 100-fold specificity for activated endothelial cells compared to quiescent endothelial cells. Methods: BNC105P (2.1 to 18.9 mg/m2) was given IV over 10 min on day 1 and 8 every 21 days to patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors (ECOG 0–2) and adequate organ function. The objectives were to determine safety, tolerability, MTD and pharmacokinetics (PK). A pharmacodynamic response was evaluated using DCE-MRI with two baseline and two post dose assessments (3–6, 24 h). DLTs were determined during the first 21 days. Results: 9 pts (7 M; 2 F), median age 60 years have been enrolled with one pt each at 2.1 and 4.2 mg/m2. At 8.4 mg/m2, one pt experienced Grade 2 (Gr 2) mucositis and a switch to a ‘3+3’ design occurred. No DLTs have been observed in 3 pts at 12.6 mg/m2 and 1 pt at 18.9 mg/m2. Notable toxicity includes one episode of Gr 1 febrile episode possibly related to infusion, two episodes of Gr 1 fatigue and one Gr 1 rash. PK data of BNC105 indicates a linear increase in plasma AUC levels (Table) and plasma half life of < 0.5 h. Best observed responses were SD in 2/9 pts including one pt with mesothelioma (progression at entry) with SD up to week 22 (8.4 mg/m2). At doses ≥ 8.4 mg/m2, DCE-MRI images indicate changes in tumor perfusion post-dose. Two pts at 12.6 mg/m2 had a decrease in Ktrans values of 6 and 15 % compared to baseline. Conclusions: Pharmacodynamically active doses have been achieved with plasma drug levels correlating with active preclinical plasma exposure. To date, no excess toxicity has been observed at doses up to 18.9 mg/m2. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Ricart, A. D., M. Cooney, J. Sarantopoulos, J. Brell, K. W. Locke, R. E. Gammans, G. Medina, A. Zambito, A. W. Tolcher und S. C. Remick. „A phase I pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of MN-029, a novel vascular disrupting agent (VDA), in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, Nr. 18_suppl (20.06.2006): 3096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3096.
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3096 Background: MN-029 is a novel VDA that binds reversibly to the colchicine-binding site on tubulin and inhibits microtubule assembly, resulting in disruption of the cytoskeleton of tumor endothelial cells (EC). Disruption of the tumor EC cytoskeleton ultimately leads to a temporary reduction in tumor blood flow. Methods: MN-029 is administered IV as a 10–20 min infusion, at 3-wk intervals in pts with advanced cancer. The study has followed an accelerated titration design, with intrapatient dose escalation. PD effects on tumor blood flow are evaluated using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Results: 28 pts were enrolled (13M/15F), median age 56 (range 35 - 76) and tumor types: colorectal (5), renal (5), hepatocellular (3), ovarian (2), melanoma (2), soft tissue sarcoma (2), carcinoid (2) and others (7). A total of 110 cycles of MN-029 were given, median 3/pt (range 1–20), over 9 dose levels (4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 54, 80, 120 and 180 mg/m2). Escalation proceeded until an initial dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed in 1 pt in the 180 mg/m2 cohort, consisting of a reversible episode (3 hours post dose) of acute coronary ischemia (without sequelae and with preservation of myocardial function) probably due to coronary vasospasm. Therefore, this cohort was expanded to 6 pts, with no further DLTs observed. Common mild to moderate toxicities included nausea, vomiting (which appears dose-related), hypotension, fatigue and diarrhea. There was no significant myelotoxicity, stomatitis or alopecia. Seven pts had stable disease after 3 cycles, including 2 pts with carcinoid tumor (+21 cycles and +17 cycles). PK data generally indicated dose-related increases in Cmax and AUC values, although substantial inter-patient variability was observed. Tumor blood flow reduction assessed by DCE-MRI was recorded at 120 and 180 mg/m2, but not at 80 mg/m2. Conclusions: MN-029 produced reductions in tumor blood flow at doses that were well tolerated. Accrual continues at 225 mg/m2. [Supported in part by grants from MediciNova, Inc. and M01 RR-000080] [Table: see text]
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Lam, T. C., N. G. Shrive und C. B. Frank. „Variations in Rupture Site and Surface Strains at Failure in the Maturing Rabbit Medial Collateral Ligament“. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 117, Nr. 4 (01.11.1995): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794207.
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The relationship between the pattern of surface strain and the site of failure in maturing rabbit ligaments was studied in vitro. Bone-medial collateral ligament (MCL)-bone complexes of 24 female New Zealand White rabbits at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age (n = 6 rabbits, 12 MCLs per group) were tested in tension to failure. A video dimension analysis (VDA) system was used to map the surface strain at failure across the width and along the length of the medial side of each MCL during testing. Results showed that the highest strains were consistently located at the femoral insertion decreasing towards the midsubstance, with the highest strain occurring in the anterior portion of the MCL immediately adjacent to the femoral insertion. Strains of the complex at failure increased with rabbit maturation. The strain distribution however, did not change dramatically, even though the locations of MCL failure changed from exclusively tibial avulsion in the three month old rabbits to predominantly midsubstance failures in the 12 month old rabbits. In the six month old rabbits, there was a particular dissociation with all MCLs failing near the tibial insertion while femoral strains were apparently the highest. These results suggest two possibilities beyond that of some unknown artifacts of optical strain measurement. First, since failure sites rarely correlated with areas of maximum surface strain in this study, it seems possible that higher strains could exist deeper in the tissue, particularly at the bone-ligament interface of the tibial insertion in immature animals and somewhere within the midsubstance of the MCL in the adult. Secondly, it is possible that the ligament material may be heterogeneous.
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Rischin, Danny, Daniela Matei, Jeffrey C. Goh, Michelle Margaret Vaughan, Philip James Beale, Meaghan Elizabeth Tenney, Julie Martyn et al. „A phase I/II study of the vascular disrupting agent BNC105P in combination with gemcitabine-carboplatin in partially platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients in first or second relapse: An international collaborative group trial of ANZGOG and HOG.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2013): TPS5612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.tps5612.
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TPS5612 Background: BNC105P is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor and a vascular disrupting agent (VDA). In vivo exposure to BNC105P leads to selective damage of tumor vasculature in both primary and metastatic lesions, causing disruption of blood flow to tumors, hypoxia, and associated tumor necrosis. BNC105P also has a direct anti-proliferative action on cancer cells, including ovarian cancer cell lines. Pre-clinical data has demonstrated synergistic activity of BNC105P when combined with platinum or with gemcitabine, supporting the proposed study design. This study will determine the safety and efficacy of BNC105P in ovarian cancer when used in combination with gemcitabine-carboplatin. The target population is women with ovarian or primary peritoneal cancers who progressed 4 to 9 months after first-line platinum based chemotherapy, or 4 to 12 months after second line platinum based chemotherapy. Methods: A single arm phase I will be used to determine the phase II dose for the triplet combination (3-6 subjects per dose level, maximum of 24 subjects). Four dose levels of BNC105P (12-16 mg/m2) and gemcitabine (800-1000 mg/m2) will be assessed. The dose of carboplatin will be set at AUC 4. Enrolment to cohort 2 started in January 2013. The phase II component will consist of a 2-arm, randomized (1:1) study of BNC105P, gemcitabine and carboplatin versus gemcitabine and carboplatin alone. The primary endpoint for the phase II trial is objective response rate (ORR, according to RECIST 1.1 and/or GCIG CA125 criteria. An ORR of 40% or more with the experimental regimen would be considered worthy of further investigation, assuming an ORR of 20% with the control regimen. 110 phase II participants are planned (N = 55/arm). Treatment allocation will be balanced using minimization for the study site, target lesions according to RECIST (present vs. absent), progression free interval from last platinum based chemotherapy regimen (<6 months vs 6 months or more), and first relapse vs. second relapse. Biomarker (tissue and blood-borne) sampling and PK analysis will also be undertaken. Clinical trial information: NCT01624493.
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Libutti, Steven K., Lowell Brian Anthony, David J. Chaplin und Julie Ann Sosa. „A phase II study of combretastatin A4-phosphate (CA4P) in the treatment of well-differentiated, low- to intermediate-grade, unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic pancreatic, or GI neuroendocrine tumors/carcinoid (GI-NETs/PNETs) with elevated biomarkers.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2017): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.432.
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432 Background: GI-NETs/PNETs are highly vascular tumors. CA4P, a vascular disrupting agent (VDA), occludes tumor vasculature resulting in ischemic necrosis. Pre-clinical studies of CA4P have shown activity in GI-NETs/PNETs. Methods: OX4218s is a phase II, single-arm, open-label study (NCT02132468) of CA4P in patients (pts) with GI-NETs/PNETs with elevated biomarkers who relapsed during or after standard-of-care treatment. Pts received CA4P 60 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 21-day cycle for 3 cycles. Primary endpoint was change in biomarkers from baseline. Secondary endpoints were safety, tolerability, symptoms, and QOL. Exploratory endpoints were ORR (RECIST 1.1). Pts achieving biomarker or symptom response were eligible for a rollover study. Results: 18 pts were enrolled; 7 subsequently entered the rollover study. Pts were on average aged 58 years, white (89%), male (50%) with ECOG status of 0-1. The majority (94%) had well-differentiated disease (GI-NETS 78%) and received prior Tx (94%). There were no meaningful changes in biomarkers. Eleven (61%) pts had stable disease (SD) and 1 (6%) had a partial response (PR). In the rollover study, 5 (71%) had SD, and 1 had SD for 14 cycles prior to progression (PD). 77% of pts had treatment-related AEs. Key grade 3-5 AEs (> 10%): anemia, abdominal pain, fatigue, hypertension, ALT and AST increases, with 1 grade 5 carcinoid syndrome. Conclusions: The primary endpoint was not met. However, the number of pts entering the rollover study and ORR suggest that CA4P conferred some activity and was generally safe and well tolerated. These findings suggest that due to their inherent variability, tumor biomarkers may not be an ideal endpoint for this population. Clinical trial information: NCT02132468. [Table: see text]
Dissertationen zum Thema "VDA 6.3"
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Kårhammer, Kerstin, und Susanne Nilsson. „Menar du vad jag förstår?Barns språkutveckling i ett 3-6 - årsperspektiv“. Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Behavioural Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4142.
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Menar du vad jag förstår? är en studie av barns språkutveckling i ett 3-6 -årsperspektiv. Syftet med följande studie är att vi vill undersöka specialpedagogens roll i barns språkliga utveckling. Vilka kunskaper behöver specialpedagogen för att upptäcka, stödja och stimulera barnens språkutveckling? Vår studie genomfördes genom litteraturstudier kring vår problemformulering, samt genom kvalitativa intervjuer med specialpedagoger. I problemformuleringen ingår barns språkutveckling, diagnosmaterial, språkträning, stimulans och konsekvenserna av en försenad språkutveckling. Respondenterna bestod av åtta specialpedagoger som främst arbetar inom förskola och förskoleklass. Vårt resultat av studien visar sammanfattningsvis att specialpedagogens roll i barns språkliga utveckling främst är att handleda, fortbilda, inspirera och medvetandegöra personal och föräldrar om barns språk. Specialpedagogen upptäcker tillsammans med föräldrar, förskolepersonal, BVC och logoped barn med sen språkutveckling. Specialpedagogen använder sig av observations- och diagnos- material. Barnet stimuleras framförallt i sin grupp i den dagliga verksamheten. Många specialpedagoger har nämnt att läs- och skrivinlärningen blir påverkad av sen språkutveckling, men även att barnet kan bli utåtagerande eller tyst och har svårt med det sociala samspelet. Vi har utgått ifrån Vygotskijs teori där den sociala miljön utvecklar barnet och barnet ska vara aktivt i sin inlärning och kunna utveckla sin personlighet och kreativitet.
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Mendes, Ana Cristina Mateus. „Optimização da produção de ácido Docosahexaenóico (DHA, 22:6 3) por via fermentiva com meios de cultura alternativos“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22806.
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Testou-se o xarope de alfarroba como fonte de carbono alternativa quer para crescimento quer para produção de DHA pela microalga heterotrófica marinha Crypthecodinium cohnii. Numa fermentação em fed-batch, utilizando xarope de alfarroba diluído, suplementado com extracto de levedura e sal do mar, as produtividades em biomassa e em DHA foram 420 mg/Lh e 18,5 mg/Lh, respectivamente, após 100,4 h. Investigou-se o efeito da adição de n-dodecano como vector de oxigénio, no crescimento e na produção de DHA por Crypthecodinium cohnii. Após 86,7 h de fermentação, a concentração de biomassa, a taxa específica de crescimento, os teores de DHA e de ácidos gordos totais foram superiores na fermentação contendo 1% (v/v) de n-dodecano, comparativamente à fermentação de controlo. Foi desenvolvido um procedimento simples e pouco dispendioso que envolve a saponificação e metilação da biomassa húmida, seguidas de winterização e complexação com ureia, de forma sequencial, para concentrar o DHA extraído da biomassa. A fracção mais pura em DHA (99,2% do total de ácidos gordos) foi obtida para uma razão ureia/ácidos gordos de 3,5 (m/m), às temperaturas de cristalização de 4 e 8 °C. ⓿⓿⓿ABSTRACT: Carob pulp syrup was tested as an alternative carbon source for either the heterotrophic marine microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii growth or DHA production. ln a fed-batch fermentation using diluted carob pulp supplemented with yeast extract and sea salt, biomass and DHA productivity were 420 mg/lh and 18.5 mg/lh, respectively after 100.4 h. The effect of n-dodecane as an oxygen vector on Crypthecodinium cohnii growth and DHA production was investigated. After 86.7 h of fermentation, biomass concentration, specific growth rate, DHA and total fatty acid production were higher in the 1% (v/v) n-dodecane fermentation, compared to control fermentation. A simple and inexpensive procedure involving saponification and methylation over wet biomass, winterization and urea complexation in a sequential way has been developed in order to concentrate DHA from algal biomass. The purest DHA fraction (99.2% of total fatty acids) was found at the urea/fatty acid ratio of 3.5 (w/w) at the crystallization temperatures of 4 and 8 °C.
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Silva, Danielle Alves. „Comparação entre o óleo de peixe e de linhaça por via oral no tratamento de ceratoconjuntivite seca experimentalmente induzida em coelhos“. Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2014. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/316.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-20The keratoconjunctivitis sicca ( CCS ) , or dry eye, is a common chronic inflammatory eye disease in dogs and humans , which occurs due to deficiency of production of the aqueous portion of the tear film ( quantitative deficiency ) and / or excessive tear evaporation (disability qualitative ) , mainly affecting the cornea and conjunctiva may result in blindness . Treatment consists mainly in the use of tear substitutes as the use of immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine , tacrolimus and pimecrolimus ) (Stevenson et al , 2012) . Some studies in medicine and veterinary showed good results in controlling the CCS with the use of essential fatty acids (AGE ) , ω -3 and ω -6 , due to its ability to produce anti -inflammatory mediators ( BARABINO et al. 2003 , . NEVES et al , 2013 ) How fish oil and flaxseed oil are sources of AGE , but with differences in composition and concentration , and to the present time there is a comparative study of the efficacy of these compounds in the treatment of CCS . The objective of this study is to compare these two important sources of ω - 3 and ω - 6 , orally , in the treatment of experimentally induced in rabbits CCS .In order to compare the efficacy in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca ( CCS ) induced experimentally in rabbits , between two sources of omega 3 and 6 orally , fish oil ( FO) and linseed oil ( OL ) . We used 28 female rabbits of New Zealand breed , divided into 4 groups of 7 animals each : Group C (control ) , Group OP ( fish oil) , OL Group ( flaxseed oil ) and Group OPL ( Oil fish oil and flaxseed ) . The animals were evaluated by Schirmer Tear Test ( TLS ) , Rose Bengal Test ( TRB ) , Fluorescein test ( TF ) , Time Tear Film Break ( TRFL ) , ocular cytology and histopathology . The results showed a significant increase in the values of TLS and TRFL in all treatment groups , but this increase was earlier in the OP group . TRB in the performance of the groups was similar. With respect to the parameter TF , negative marking was delayed in group OPL . There was a significant decrease in the number of goblet cells in the OPL group in relation to other grupos.Os results showed that OL and OP orally improve the clinical signs of CCS , however this improvement was more rapid with the OP . The combined use of oils brought no additional benefit . These results can help in the future with new oral formulations useful in the adjuvant treatment of CCS .
A ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS), ou olho seco, é uma doença ocular inflamatória crônica frequente em cães e humanos, que ocorre devido a deficiência de produção da porção aquosa do filme lacrimal (deficiência quantitativa) e/ou pela evaporação excessiva da lágrima (deficiência qualitativa), afetando principalmente a córnea e a conjuntiva podendo evoluir para cegueira. O tratamento consiste principalmente no uso como substitutos da lágrima e o uso de imunossupressores (ciclosporina, tacrolimus e pimecrolimus) (STEVENSON et al, 2012). Alguns estudos na Medicina e na Veterinária mostraram bons resultados no controle da CCS com a utilização de ácidos graxos essenciais (AGE), ω-3 e ω-6, devido à sua capacidade de produzir mediadores anti-inflamatórios (BARABINO et al., 2003; NEVES et al., 2013) Como o óleo de peixe e o óleo de linhaça são fontes de AGE, porém com diferenças na sua composição e concentração, e até o presente momento não há um estudo comparativo da eficácia destes compostos no tratamento da CCS. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia no tratamento de ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) induzida experimentalmente em coelhos, entre duas fontes de ômega 3 e 6 por via oral, o óleo de peixe (OP) e o óleo de linhaça (OL). Foram utilizados 28 coelhos, fêmeas, da raça Nova Zelândia, divididos em 4 grupos com 7 animais cada: Grupo C (controle), Grupo OP (óleo de peixe), Grupo OL (óleo de linhaça) e Grupo OPL (óleo de peixe e óleo de linhaça). Os animais foram avaliados pelo Teste Lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS), Teste de Rosa Bengala (TRB), Teste de Fluoresceína (TF), Tempo de Ruptura do Filme Lacrimal (TRFL), citologia ocular e análise histopatológica. Os resultados demonstraram que houve aumento significativo nos valores de TLS e TRFL em todos os grupos de tratamento, porém esse aumento foi mais precoce no grupo OP. No TRB o desempenho dos grupos foi similar. Com relação ao parâmetro TF, a marcação negativa foi mais tardia no grupo OPL. Houve uma diminuição significativa no número de células caliciformes no grupo OPL em relação aos demais grupos.Os resultados demonstraram que o OP e OL por via oral melhoram os sinais clínicos da CCS, porém essa melhora foi mais rápida com o OP. O uso combinado dos óleos não trouxe benefício adicional. Esses resultados podem contribuir no futuro com novas formulações orais úteis no tratamento adjuvante da CCS.
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Oliveira, Solange Maria Santos. „Sobre o morrer: a vida psiquica e suas implicacoes na exposicao ao HIV“. Sao Paulo : [s.n.], 2003. http://10.188.1.43/lildbi/docsonline/6/3/136-Tese%5FCCD%5FOliveira,%5FSolange%5FM.%5FS.%5F2003.PDF.
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Leit?o, Lidiane Alves de Azeredo. „Influ?ncia das vias de sinaliza??o mTOR, STAT 3 e STAT 6 na gravidade da bronquiolite aguda“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7809.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Introduction: acute bronchiolitis (AB) is an inflammatory disease of the airways considered the most common pathology of the lower respiratory tract in childhood. Responsible for a large number of hospitalizations in infants is one of the leading respiratory diseases worldwide, raising the costs of health care in infants. According to epidemiological data, between 75,000 and 125,000 children are hospitalized in the United States each year with infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), accounting for approximately 25% of pediatric pneumonia and up to 70% of hospitalizations for acute bronchiolitis. Children with deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity can develop more severe and prolonged infections. Activation of the mTOR, STAT-3 and STAT-6 signaling pathways have been identified as key regulators in different functions of the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gene expression of mTOR, STAT-3, STAT-6 and AB severity. Methods: it is a cohort study that included a group of infants less than 12 months old with AB admitted to a tertiary hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Nasopharyngeal lavage was collected from all patients and stored in Trizol solution at -80?C at the Biomedical Research Institute (IPB) of PUCRS for subsequent extraction of RNA and cDNA synthesis. Specific primers were used to verify the relative expression of mTOR, STAT-3 and STAT-6 by means of real-time PCR. The results obtained were correlated with AB severity markers such as hospitalization time and wheezing time. Results: for the analysis of expression of the mTOR signaling protein and transcription factors STAT-3 and STAT-6, 23 patients hospitalized with AB were included. A general correlation was made between clinical markers (days of hospitalization and days of wheezing) and expression of signaling pathways. Data were stratified according to severity markers and showed a trend towards decreased mTOR expression in patients with a wheezing time equal to or greater than 5 days (r = -0.702 and p = 0.024). However, the STAT-3 and STAT-6 signaling pathways were not correlated with AB severity factors when applied in this group of patients. Conclusion: transcription factors are essential for generating effective immune responses. mTOR, STAT-3 and STAT-6 participate in the expression of a variety of genes in response to cellular stimuli and may play a key role in the manifestation of the disease. Our data demonstrate the decrease in mTOR expression, with improvement in clinical markers of severity, but other studies are needed to reinforce this finding.
Introdu??o: a bronquiolite aguda (BA) ? uma doen?a inflamat?ria das vias a?reas considerada a patologia mais comum do trato respirat?rio inferior na inf?ncia. Respons?vel por um grande n?mero de hospitaliza??es em lactentes ? uma das principais doen?as respirat?rias em todo o mundo, elevando os custos de cuidados de sa?de em lactentes. Segundo dados epidemiol?gicos, entre 75.000 e 125.000 crian?as s?o hospitalizadas nos Estados Unidos anualmente com infec??es causadas pelo v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR), respondendo por aproximadamente 25% das pneumonias pedi?tricas e at? 70% das interna??es por bronquiolite aguda (BA). As crian?as com defici?ncia na imunidade mediada por c?lulas podem desenvolver infec??es mais graves e prolongadas. A ativa??o das vias de sinaliza??o mTOR, STAT-3 e STAT-6 t?m sido identificadas como reguladores-chave em diferentes fun??es do sistema imune. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a rela??o entre a express?o g?nica de mTOR, STAT-3, STAT-6 e a gravidade da BA. M?todos: trata-se de um estudo de coorte onde foi inclu?do um grupo de lactentes de idade inferior a 12 meses, com BA, internados em um hospital terci?rio de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Foi coletado lavado nasofar?ngeo de todos os pacientes e armazenados em solu??o de Trizol ? temperatura de -80?C no Instituto de Pesquisas Biom?dicas (IPB) da PUCRS para posterior extra??o de RNA e s?ntese de cDNA. Foram utilizados os iniciadores espec?ficos para verificar a express?o relativa de mTOR, STAT-3 e STAT-6 por meio de PCR em tempo real. Os resultados obtidos foram correlacionados com marcadores de gravidade da BA como tempo de interna??o e tempo de sibil?ncia. Resultados: para a an?lise da express?o da prote?na de sinaliza??o mTOR e fatores de transcri??o STAT-3 e STAT-6, foram inclu?dos 23 pacientes hospitalizados com BA. Foi realizada uma correla??o geral entre os marcadores cl?nicos (dias de interna??o e dias de sibil?ncia) e a express?o das vias de sinaliza??o. Os dados foram estratificados de acordo com os marcadores de severidade e mostraram uma tend?ncia para a diminui??o da express?o de mTOR em pacientes com tempo de sibil?ncia igual ou superior a 5 dias (r = -0,702 e p = 0,024). No entanto, as vias de sinaliza??o STAT-3 e STAT-6 n?o foram correlacionadas com fatores de gravidade da BA quando aplicadas neste grupo de pacientes. Conclus?o: os fatores de transcri??o s?o essenciais para gerar respostas imunes eficazes. O mTOR, STAT-3 e STAT-6 participam na express?o de uma variedade de genes em resposta a est?mulos celulares e podem desempenhar um papel-chave na manifesta??o da doen?a. Nossos dados demonstram a diminui??o da express?o de mTOR, com melhora dos marcadores cl?nicos de gravidade, por?m outros estudos s?o necess?rios para refor?ar este achado.
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Vieira, Elenir Honorato. „Práticas alternativas em gestão de pessoas: astrologia, feng shui, grafologia, numerologia, radiestesia, shiatsu; metafísica ou novas abordagens em administração?“ Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-09122005-124557/.
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As mudanças pela quais vem passando a área de gestão de pessoas têm suscitado o desenvolvimento de novas práticas, algumas ainda não validadas pela ciência, como é o caso da grafologia e do shiatsu e, outras, consideradas ocultas e, na melhor das hipóteses, metafísica, por sua origem mística, e que, alguns anos atrás, seria impensável o seu emprego como ferramentas em gestão empresarial, dentre elas a astrologia, a numerologia, o feng shui e a radiestesia. Este estudo identificou, descreveu e consolidou os dados de empresas que aplicam uma ou mais dessas práticas, revelando suas expectativas, quando optam por utilizá-las e os resultados alcançados. O referencial teórico, que deu sustentação à pesquisa, pautou-se na dimensão psíquica, através da análise da psicodinâmica organizacional e da psicologia analítica de Jung, na dimensão sociológica, através da cultura organizacional, na dimensão holística, que incorporou a perspectiva espiritual, e na dimensão administrativa, via análise das mudanças na gestão de pessoas e qualidade de vida no trabalho. Abordou-se ainda, de forma resumida, informações acerca das principais práticas alternativas. A metodologia de pesquisa consistiu de levantamentos quantitativo e qualitativo em empresas localizadas no eixo São Paulo/Rio de Janeiro, com o aprofundamento do estudo através da análise de multicasos. Foram entrevistados especialistas que atuam como consultores externos e gestores de 11 empresas de distintos portes e segmentos de atuação, que utilizam uma ou mais dessas ferramentas. Concluiu-se, dentre outros aspectos, que práticas alternativas são adotadas por diversos tipos, segmentos e portes de empresas, na maior parte das vezes, por definição da alta direção, e apenas em alguns casos, por iniciativa da área de recursos humanos.
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Shpak-Kraievskyi, Pavlo. „Nouvelles méthodologies pour la synthèse asymétrique de peptides aldéhydiques β3-C-terminaux et de dérivés d'acides aminés disubstitués via hétérocycloaddition“. Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793512.
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Les peptides aldéhydes sont connus comme inhibiteurs de protéases et précurseurs de différentes classes de composés biologiquement actifs. Les méthodes pour leur synthèse impliquent classiquement la transformation d'un précurseur (amide de Weinreb, ester, alcool, acétal) en aldéhyde en étape finale pour éviter l'épimérisation du stéréocentre en position α de l'aldéhyde. En revanche, les β-peptides aldéhydes, plus stables à l'épimérisation, ont été relativement peu explorés. Ils sont généralement obtenus par homologation de l'acide aminé correspondant malgré les faibles rendements, les problèmes d'épimérisation et de nombreuses étapes. Par conséquent, un nouvel accès synthétique aux β-peptides aldéhydes reste toujours un challenge difficile. Sur la base des travaux antérieurs dans notre équipe en hétérocycloaddition diastéréosélective [4+2] et [3+2], nous avons développé au cours de ce doctorat de nouvelles stratégies pour l'accès asymétrique à ces dérivés de β-aminoacides par deux voies complémentaires :1) Une voie utilisant les hétérocycles à six chaînons de type 6-ATO (6-alcoxytétrahydrooxazinone) qui ont été préparés par une réaction d'hétérocycloaddition hautement stéréosélective avec de bons rendements et ed. Ces cycloadduits ont été transformés par transacétalisation vers les aminoacétals intermédiaires "mixtes" ou "symétriques". Ces nouveaux acétals sont des intermédiaires parfaits pour la N-élongation par couplage peptidique, conduisant finalement aux aldéhydes peptidiques β3-C-terminaux monosubstitués. 2) Sur une autre approche, les hétérocycles à cinq chaînons 5-AISO (3,3'-disubstitué 5-alcoxy-isoxazolidines) ont été obtenus par cycloaddition dipolaire-1,3 entre des cétonitrones esters et des éthers vinyliques. Ces composés ont été utilisés avec succès en tant que précurseurs d'aminoaldéhydes β3-disubstitués après l'étape de transprotection de l'atome d'azote, suivie par la copure de la liaison N-O. L'extension asymétrique de l'étape de cycloaddition a été étudiée par des voies énantiosélective et diastéréosélective, ouvrant ainsi l'entrée vers les peptides aldéhydiques β3-disubstitués-C-terminaux énantioenrichis.
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Cordisco, Lisa <1979>. „Adattamento e acclimatazione a diverse temperature di lieviti psicrofili obbligati e facoltativi e di lieviti mesofili. Studio della produzione di acidi grassi polinsaturi omega-3 e omega-6 per via fermentativa“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1530/.
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Adaptation and acclimation to different temperatures of obligate psychrophilic, facultative psychrophilic and mesophilic yeasts. Production of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by fermentative way.
Obligate psychrophilic, facultative psychrophilic and mesophilic yeasts were cultured in a carbon rich medium at different temperatures to investigate if growth parameters, lipid accumulation and fatty acid composition were adaptive and/or acclimatory responses. Acclimation of facultative psychrophiles and mesophiles to lower temperature negatively affected their specific growth rate. Obligate psychrophiles exhibited the highest biomass yield (YX/S), followed by facultative psychrophiles, then by mesophiles. The growth temperature did not influence the YX/S of facultative psychrophiles and mesophiles. Acclimation to lower temperature caused the increase in lipid yield (YL/X) in mesophilic yeasts, but did not affect YL/X in facultative psychrophiles. Similar YL/X were found in both facultative and obligated psychrophiles, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not a distinctive character of adaptation to permanently cold environments. The extent of unsaturation of fatty acids was one major adaptive feature of the yeasts which colonize permanently cold ecosystems. Remarkable amounts of α-linolenic acid were found in obligate psychrophiles at the expenses of linoleic acid, whereas it was generally scarce or absent in all the others strains. Increased unsaturation of fatty acids was also an acclimatory response of mesophiles and facultative psychrophiles to lower temperature.
It’s well known that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) display a variety of beneficial effects on various organ systems and diseases, therefore a process for the microbial production of omega-3 PUFAs would be of great interest. This work sought also to investigate if one of the better psychrophilic yeast, Rhodotorula glacialis DBVPG 4785, stimulated by acclamatory responses, produced omega-3 PUFAs. In fact, the adaptation of psychrophilic yeasts to cold niches is related to the production of higher amounts of lipids and to increased unsaturation degree of fatty acids, presumably to maintain membrane fluidity and functionality at low temperatures. Bioreactor fermentations of Rhodotorula glacialis DBVPG 4785 were carried out at 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 0, and -3°C in a complex medium with high C:N ratio for 15 days. High biomass production was attained at all the temperatures with a similar biomass/glucose yield (YXS), between 0.40 and 0.45, but the specific growth rate of the strain decreased as the temperature diminished. The coefficients YL/X have been measured between a minimum of 0.50 to a maximum of 0.67, but it was not possible to show a clear effect of temperature. Similarly, the coefficient YL/S ranges from a minimum of 0.22 to a maximum of 0.28: again, it does not appear to be any significant changes due to temperature. Among omega-3 PUFAs, only α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) was found at temperatures below to 0°C, while, it’s remarkable, that the worthy arachidonic acid (C20:4,n-6), stearidonic acid (C20:4,n-3) C22:0 and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) were produced only at the late exponential phase and the stationary phase of batch fermentations at 0 and -3°C. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a beneficial omega-3 PUFA that is usually found in fatty fish and fish oils.
The results herein reported improve the knowledge about the responses which enable psychrophilic yeasts to cope with cold and may support exploitation of these strains as a new resource for biotechnological applications.
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Evavoll, Robin. „Kvinnor om kvinnor i nytestamentliga berättelser : Vad kvinnliga exegeter lyfter fram i berättelser där Jesus interagerar med kvinnor“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kultur och estetik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-145704.
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Den svenska skolan skall bl.a. vila på en kristen tradition enligt Lgr 11, men benämner inte närmre vems kristna tradition eller hur denna tradition bör ta sin form i klassrummet. Att tolka den kristna traditionen kan göras på många sätt, men för att exemplifiera problematiken i tolkningar så utgår uppsatsen från att belysa hur mångfacetterat ett resultat kan bli även vid ett par utvalda bibelberättelser från en relativt homogen grupp uttolkare. Syftet för den här konsumtionsuppsatsen är att undersöka vad kvinnliga exegeter belyser när de beskriver hur kvinnor interagerar med Jesus i två utvalda berättelser ur Nya testamentets evangelier. Exegeternas beskrivningar utreds också komparativt för att finna skiljaktigheter och liknelser. Vidare förs det även en didaktisk diskussion kopplat till skolans religionsundervisning om hur tolkningar kring en och samma berättelse som didaktiskt medel kan berika undervisningssammanhang i klassrummet. Resultatet i uppsatsen visar både hur exegeterna har laborerat fram sina tolkningar och vad dessa tolkningar resulterat i för bibelberättelserna. I ett komparativt arbetssätt utvidgar exegeterna kontexten för bibelberättelserna på macronivå för att understödja den närmre analys de för på micronivå. De finner stöd i bl.a. lingvistik, utombibliska dokument och kulturella företeelser för att understödja deras argumentation om kvinnorna i de bibliska berättelserna. Kvinnorna i de båda bibliska berättelserna porträtteras på ett nytt sätt och utmärks av vissa exegeter till både apostel och lärjunge. Resultatet för den religionsdidaktiska diskussionen utmynnas i både hur elever och främst lärare bör anamma en reflexivitet för att granska sig själva och hur tolkningar görs i vardagen för att kartlägga mönster där exotifiering och maktförskjutningar sker när religioner behandlas i klassrummet. Religionsdidaktikernas pedagogiska verktyg gynnar elevernas analyserande förmågor och kritiska tänkande vid exempelvis komparativa tolkningsövningar av urkunder. Hos läraren uppmanas en självkännedom genom att aktivt kunna belysa hur tolkningar av religioner förs i klassrummet och ifall det görs på någons bekostnad. Genus förs som en diskussionspunkt i förhållande till uppsatsens val att låta kvinnor ta plats och tolka religion. Genom genus kan en androgyn syn på religionsdidaktik framföras och låta en inkludering ske i religionsdiskursen där kvinnor inte längre är en åtskild minoritet inom religion, utan en aktiv och inkluderande part.
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Kumar, Ganapathy. „Enhanced verdet constant via quantum dot doped glass samples a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /“. Click to access online, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1597632931&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268920533&clientId=28564.
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Bucci, Anselmo. Anselmo Bucci : Galleria Carini, 20123 Milano, via V. Hugo, 3 [dal 6 al 30 marzo 1991]. Milano: Vangelista, 1991.
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Dugarte, Enrique Salas. Santa Cruz de Mora: Historia y costumbre : 1864 3-6 septiembre 1994 : 130 años de vida municipal. Santa Cruz de Mora: Alcadía del Municipio, 1994.
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Dreyhaupt, Franz-Joseph, Hrsg. VDI-Taschenlexikon Immissionsschutz. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51502-6.
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Mehr, Franz Josef, und Maria Teresa Mehr. Excel und VBA. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08886-6.
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McHugh, Denise. Discover George Mason: Home, state, country : a sampler of lesson plans, activities, and resources for teachers of students in grades 3 through 6. Mason Neck, Lorton, VA: The Board of Regents of Gunston Hall, 1993.
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Sasakawa, Chihiro, Hrsg. Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01846-6.
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La vida de prisa: Narraciones breves. Madrid: Ediciones 98, 2012.
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Motorrad: 3. Fachtagung, Darmstadt, 5. und 6. Oktober 1989 (VDI Berichte). VDI Verlag, 1989.
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Price, Gillian. Trekking in the Dolomites: Alta Via 1 And Alta Via 2 With Alta Via Routes 3-6 In Outline. Cicerone Press Limited, 2016.
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Laubsturm: Roman. 8. Aufl. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1987.
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Olfos, Raimundo, Masami Isoda und Soledad Estrella. „Multiplication of Whole Numbers in the Curriculum: Singapore, Japan, Portugal, the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Chile“. In Teaching Multiplication with Lesson Study, 25–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28561-6_2.
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AbstractThis chapter shows how the teaching of multiplication is structured in national curriculum standards (programs) around the world. (The documents are distributed by national governments via the web. Those documents are written in different formats and depths. For understanding the descriptions of the standards, we also refer to national authorized textbooks for confirmation of meanings.) The countries chosen for comparison in this case are two countries in Asia, one in Europe, two in North America, and two in South America: Singapore, Japan, Portugal, the USA (where the Common Core State Standards (2010) are not national but are agreed on by most of the states), Mexico, Brazil, and Chile, from the viewpoint of their influences on Ibero-American countries. (The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards (published in 2000) and the Japanese and Singapore textbooks have been influential in Latin America. Additionally, Portugal was selected to be compared with Brazil). To distinguish between each country’s standard and the general standards described here, the national curriculum standards are just called the “program.” The comparison shows the differences in the programs for multiplication in these countries in relation to the sequence of the description and the way of explanation. The role of this chapter in Part I of this book is to provide the introductory questions that will be discussed in Chaps. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 to explain the features of the Japanese approach. (As is discussed in Chap. 1, the Japanese approach includes the Japanese curriculum, textbooks, and methods of teaching which can be used for designing classes, as has been explored in Chile (see (Estrella, Mena, Olfos, Lesson Study in Chile: a very promising but still uncertain path. In Quaresma, Winsløw, Clivaz, da Ponte, Ní Shúilleabháin, Takahashi (eds), Mathematics lesson study around the world: Theoretical and methodological issues. Cham: Springer, pp. 105–122, 2018). The comparison focuses on multiplication of whole numbers. In multiplication, all of these countries seem to have similar goals—namely, for their students to grasp the meaning of multiplication and develop fluency in calculation. However, are they the same? By using the newest editions of each country’s curriculum standards, comparisons are done on the basis of the manner of writing, with assigned grades for the range of numbers, meanings, expression, tables, and multidigit multiplication. The relationship with other specific content such as division, the use of calculators, the treatment of multiples, and mixed arithmetic operations are beyond the scope of this comparison. Those are mentioned only if there is a need to show diversity.
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„chapter 3“. In Programming ArcObjects with VBA, 53–68. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420038248-6.
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3
Taber, Douglass. „The Roush Synthesis of ( + )-Superstolide A“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0093.
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( + )-Superstolide A 3, isolated from the New Caledonian sponge Neosiphonia superstes, shows interesting cytotoxicity against malignant cell lines at ~ 4 ng/mL concentration. The key transformation in the synthesis of 3 described (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2722) by William R. Roush of Scripps Florida was the transannular Diels-Alder cyclization of 2, which established, in one step with high diastereocontrol, both the cis decalin and the macrolactone of 3. The octaene 1 was assembled from four stereodefined fragments. The first, the linchpin 6, was prepared from the stannyl aldehyde 4. Homologation gave the enyne 5, which on hydroboration and oxidation gave 6. Earlier, Professor Roush had optimized the crotylation of the protected alaninal 7. In this case, the Brown reagent 8 delivered the desired Felkin product 9. Protection followed by ozonolysis gave the aldehyde 10. Crotylation with the Roush-developed tartrate 11 then gave the alkene 12, setting the stage for conversion to the iodide 13. Coupling of 13 with 6 completed the preparation of 14. The third component of (+)-superstolide A 3, the phosphonium salt 21, was assembled by Brown allylation of the aldehyde 15, to give 17. Protecting group interchange followed by ozonolysis delivered 18, which via Still-Gennari homologation was carried on to 21. Condensation with the fourth component, the aldehyde 22 , and esterification with 14 then gave 1. Under high dilution Suzuki conditions 1 was converted to 2. Storage in CDCl3 for five days, or brief warming, cyclized 2 to a single diastereomer of the transannular Diels-Alder product, that was carried on to (+)-superstolide A 3. While acyclic trienes comparable to 2 could be induced to cyclize, the transannular Diels-Alder reaction proceeded with much higher diastereocontrol.
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Taber, Douglass F. „The Overman Synthesis of (-)-Actinophyllic Acid“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0103.
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(-)-Actinophyllic acid 3, isolated from Alstonia actinophylla, is a promising inhibitor of TAFIa/hippicuricase (0.84 μm). Larry E. Overman of the University of California, Irvine, envisioned (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4894) a bold route to 3 based on the aza-Cope/ intramolecular Mannich reorganization of 1 to 3. The absolute configuration of 1 and thus of 3 was set by Noyori hydrogenation of the enone 4. Ozonolysis followed by acetylation delivered the pyridone 6 as an inconsequential mixture of diastereomers. The ketone 9 was assembled by condensation of dimethyl malonate 8 with the acid chloride 7. Cyclization then followed directly on reduction of the nitro group to the amine, to give the crystalline indole 10. Under Lewis acid catalysis, 10 coupled smoothly with the diacetate 6, to give 11 . Selective reduction of the acetate was followed by oxidation, leading to 12. The ketone 12 has only a single acidic stereogenic center. It was not clear whether it could be cyclized without epimerization. A preliminary study with material resolved by enantioselective chromatography, however, showed that this in fact worked well. The LDA kinetically deprotonated the ketone away from the N, at the same time deprotonating the malonate, to give a dianion that underwent smooth oxidative coupling to 13. With 13 in hand, it remained to differentiate the two esters derived from the malonate. This was succinctly accomplished by the addition of vinyl magnesium bromide. Selective reduction of the spontaneously formed lactone 14 cleanly delivered 1. The topological connection between 1 and 3 is not necessarily obvious. Exposure of 1 to HCl gave the amine hydrochloride. Condensation with formaldehyde then gave 15, poised for aza-Cope rearrangement to 2. The enol 2 , then, proceeded via intramolecular Mannich condensation directly to (-)-actinophyllic acid 3.
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„Waves of Civilization Development and the Digital Revolution“. In The Strategies of Informing Technology in the 21st Century, 1–7. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8036-3.ch001.
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This chapter analyzes the evolution of civilization via the concept of civilizational waves. Seven waves are identified: (1) the agricultural wave, (2) the industrialization wave, (3) the information wave, (4) the globalization wave, (5) the virtualization wave, (6) the bio-material wave, and (7) the artificial intelligence wave. After discussing the key characteristics of each wave as well as their impacts upon civilization, the chapter then analyzes and discusses the two most important revolutions in the last 220 years: the Industrial Revolution and the IT Revolution. The chapter also develops a model showing the relationship between the civilizational waves and revolutions.
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Taber, Douglass. „The Kozmin Synthesis of Spirofungin A“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0089.
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Often, 6,6-spiroketals such as Spirofungin A 3 have a strong anomeric bias. Spirofungin A does not, as the epimer favored by double anomeric stabilization suffers from destabilizing steric interactions. In his synthesis of 3, Sergey A. Kozmin of the University of Chicago took advantage (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 8854) of the normally-destablizing spatial proximity of the two alkyl branches of 3, joining them with a siloxy linker to assure the anomeric preference of the spiroketal. The assembly of 1 showcased the power of asymmetric crotylation, and of Professor Kozmin’s linchpin cyclopropenone ketal cross metathesis. To achieve the syn relative (and absolute) configuration of 6, commercial cis-2-butene was metalated, then condensed with the Brown (+)-MeOB(Ipc)2 auxiliary. The accompanying Supporting Information, accessible via the online HTML version of the journal article, includes a succinct but detailed procedure for carrying out this homologation. For the anti relative (and absolute) configuration of 9, it is more convenient to use the tartrate 8 introduced by Roush. Driven by the release of the ring strain inherent in 10, ring opening cross metathesis with 6 proceeded to give the 1:1 adduct 11 in near quantitative yield. The derived cross-linked silyl ether 12 underwent smooth ring-closing metathesis to the dienone 1. On hydogenation, the now-flexible ring system could fold into the spiro ketal. With the primary and secondary alcohols bridged by the linking silyl ether, only one anomeric form, 2, of the spiro ketal was energetically accessible. A remaining challenge was the stereocontrolled construction of the trisubstituted alkene. To this end, the aldehyde 13 was homologated to the dibromide 14. Pd-mediated coupling of the alkenyl stannane 15 with 14 was selective for the E bromide. The residual Z bromide was then coupled with Zn(CH3)2 to give 16. These steps, and the final steps to complete the construction of spirofungin A 3 , could be carried out without exposure to equilibrating acid, so the carefully established spiro ketal confi guration was maintained.
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Taber, Douglass F. „The Inoue Synthesis of 19-Hydroxysarmentogenin“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0083.
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With the continual improvement in synthetic methods, even highly oxidized steroids such as the cardenolide aglycone 19-hydroxysarmentogenin 3 are accessible. A key step in the preparation of 3 described (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5300) by Masayuki Inoue of the University of Tokyo was the free radical cyclization of the acetal-tethered bromo enone 1 to 2. The cyclopentane component of 1 was prepared from the dione 4. Diastereoselective reduction followed by protection led to 5, that was carried on to the enol ether 6. The preparation of 13 began with the Diels–Alder addition of enantiomerically-pure perillaldehyde 7 to the diene 8. Hydrolysis gave the enone 9, that was converted to the enone 10. Oxidative cleavage of the isopropenyl group gave 11, that was carried on via 12 to 13. Addition of Br2 to 6 gave an unstable dibromide, that was coupled with 13 to give 1 as a mixture of diastereomers. Free radical cyclization proceeded with high diastereocontrol, delivering 14. Elimination of methanol followed by reprotection completed the preparation of 2. The intramolecular aldol condensation of the intermediate trione proceeded with a 8.6:1 preference for 15. The minor diastereomer was readily converted to an even more favorable 12:1 mixture on re-exposure to KHMDS. After the unnecessary carbonyl was removed, leading to 16, oxidative cleavage exposed the C-11 ketone. Selective protection, to 17, followed by reduction to 18 and iodination completed the preparation of 19. Pd-mediated coupling with the known stannane 20 led to 21. Direct hydrogenation of 21 gave the wrong C-17 diastereomer, but hydrogenation of the derived silyl ether was successful, leading to 19-hydroxysarmentogenin 3. The availability of such highly substituted steroids by total synthesis will reinvigorate structure–activity studies.
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FARIAS, KELLY SOARES, TANIA FERNANDES CAMPOS und DÉBORA CARVALHO DE OLIVEIRA. „PADRÃO DE ATIVIDADE DOS PACIENTES COM ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL DE ACORDO COM A QUALIDADE DO SONO“. In Envelhecimento baseado em evidências: Tendências e Inovações. Realize, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/vii.cieh.2020.01.047.
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O ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL (AVC) É UMA DOENÇA NEUROLÓGICA COM GRANDE PREVALÊNCIA EM ADULTOS E IDOSOS. APROXIMADAMENTE UM TERÇO DOS SOBREVIVENTES TORNAM-SE FUNCIONALMENTE DEPENDENTES, APRESENTANDO COMPROMETIMENTO DAS ATIVIDADES DA VIDA DIÁRIA E CICLO SONO-VIGÍLIA. O OBJETIVO FOI AVALIAR O PADRÃO DE ATIVIDADE DOS PACIENTES COM AVC DE ACORDO COM A QUALIDADE DO SONO. A AMOSTRA FOI CONSTITUÍDA POR 10 PACIENTES (3 MULHERES E 7 HOMENS; IDADE MÉDIA DE 51±6 ANOS) E 10 INDIVÍDUOS SAUDÁVEIS (3 MULHERES E 7 HOMENS, IDADE MÉDIA DE 52±7 ANOS). AVALIAÇÃO FOI REALIZADA PELO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DO SONO DE PITTSBURGH E PELA ACTIGRAFIA DURANTE 7 DIAS CONSECUTIVOS. PARA ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA, UTILIZOU-SE O TESTE T’STUDENT NÃO-PAREADO E A ANOVA DE MEDIDAS REPETIDAS. VERIFICOU-SE DIFERENÇA SIGNIFICATIVA ENTRE PACIENTES E INDIVÍDUOS SAUDÁVEIS NO NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE DIÁRIO, COM OS PACIENTES APRESENTANDO MENOS ATIVIDADE (PACIENTES = 6463±8639 COUNTS, SAUDÁVEIS = 13465±13646 COUNTS, P < 0,0001). OS PACIENTES TAMBÉM TIVERAM PIOR QUALIDADE DO SONO DO QUE OS SAUDÁVEIS (PACIENTES = 6±4; SAUDÁVEIS = 4±2; P = 0,044). OS RESULTADOS APONTARAM UMA RELAÇÃO ENTRE O PADRÃO DE ATIVIDADE E A QUALIDADE DO SONO. OS PACIENTES COM QUALIDADE DE SONO RUIM APRESENTARAM RITMO DE ATIVIDADE MAIS FRAGMENTADO AO LONGO DAS 24 HORAS, APONTANDO OS EFEITOS DELETÉRIOS NA SINCRONIZAÇÃO DO RITMO CIRCADIANO DE ATIVIDADE APÓS O AVC. DESSA FORMA, VERIFICOU-SE A NECESSIDADE DE UM CUIDADO MULTIPROFISSIONAL PARA MELHORAR A CONDIÇÃO DE SAÚDE DESSES PACIENTES, CONFORME PRECONIZADO PELA CLASSIFICAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DE FUNCIONALIDADE, INCAPACIDADE E SAÚDE.
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Molu, Esra Fethiye, Laura M. Taylor, Kamile Gamze Yaman, Munevver Basman und Merve Tezel. „Gender Stereotypical Toy Preferences in Children 3-5“. In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 243–59. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5167-6.ch015.
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Gender socialisation is the process through which society teaches children what it means to be male or female. While gender socialisation itself is a cross-cultural phenomenon, there are differences in the way that the process manifests itself cross-culturally. This is, in part, due to differences in the perceived roles of males and females across societies. Once the sex of a child is known, be that before or after birth, the process of gender socialisation begins. Parents generally prefer that their children adhere to traditional gender-roles, and are concerned when they do not. Rigid adherence to stereotypical gender roles can have negative consequences in childhood and beyond, as these stereotypes can limit children's educational and occupational aspirations, perceived academic competency, emotional expression, and social development. The impact of culture and parental influence in adherence to stereotypical gender roles is discussed via toy preferences and play.
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Patricia Rendón-Huerta, Erika, Carlos Abraham García-García und Luis Felipe Montaño Estrada. „Effect of Helicobacter pylori on Tight Junctions in Gastric Epithelia“. In Helicobacter pylori - From First Isolation to 2020 [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96607.
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Molecular complexes grouped under the names of tight, adherent or gap junction regulate the flow of water, ions and macromolecules through epithelium paracellular spaces. The main constituents of tight junctions are claudins, a family of 26 different proteins whose expression and distribution are tissue specific but varies in tumors. A change in claudin 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 18 expression, that contributes to lose epithelial cohesion, has been associated to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in gastric neoplastic tissue. Chronic inflammation process induced by H. pylori infection, a major risk factor for gastric cancer development, disrupts tight junctions via CagA gene, Cag pathogenicity island, and VacA, but the effect upon the epithelial barrier of H. pylori lipopolysaccharides or H. pylori-induced up-regulation of mTOR and ERK signaling pathways by microRNA-100 establishes new concepts of proof.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "VDA 6.3"
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Jensen, Nathan A., und Carl A. Nelson. „Kinematics, Workspace Optimization, and Performance Evaluation of a 3-Leg 6-DOF Robot in RRRS Configuration“. In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22098.
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Abstract Underactuated parallel manipulators that achieve 6 DOF via multiple controllable degrees of freedom per leg are often pursued and reported due to their large workspaces. This benefit comes at a cost to the manipulator’s performance, however. Such manipulators must then be evaluated in order to characterize their kinematics in terms of position and motion. This paper establishes a pair of inverse kinematic solutions for a previously proposed and prototyped 3-leg, 6-DOF parallel robot. These solutions are then used to define the robot’s workspace with experimental validation and to optimize the robot’s geometry for maximum workspace volume. The linear components of the Jacobian are then defined, allowing for analysis of the manipulability of the robot. The full Jacobian is also defined, and singularities are examined throughout the workspace of the robot.
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Li, Huimin, Sitong Xiang, Ming Deng, Mengrui Zhu, Zhengchun Du und Jianguo Yang. „Measuring and Modeling of Volumetric Errors for Vertical Machining Centers Based on Bi-Directional Laser Sequential Step Diagonal Measurement“. In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6579.
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This paper proposes a bi-directional laser sequential step diagonal measuring method for three-axis vertical machining centers. Different measure paths are particularly designed for positive and negative directions, and corresponding error decoupling models are established. Based on the laser measuring data along these bi-directional paths, 18 geometric errors can be identified simultaneously, including 6 angular errors, 3 positioning errors, 6 straightness errors and 3 squareness errors. Compared with single directional step diagonal measurements, the proposed bi-directional mothed is more efficient and can identify more error items, namely 6 angular errors. Experimental tests were conducted on a three-axis vertical machining center. Decoupled error items obtained by the proposed bi-direction measurements coincide with those from direct measurements via a laser Doppler displacement meter, which verified the feasibility of the proposed method. Finally, the position error of the machine whole workspace was predicted by building volumetric error model and the machine accuracy was improved.
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Kim, Hyeun Min, und Hee Cheon No. „Analysis of Power Spectrum Density in the PWR Fuel Assembly Using the 3-D LES Turbulent Model of Fluent 6“. In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49297.
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Trublence-induced vibration is an important concern in the design of the spacer grids of nuclear power plants. This study addresses numerically and statistically the effects of random pressures due to turbulent flows upon the fluctuating responses to the power spectrum density in one-dimensional nuclear fuel rod supported simply by the spacer grids. The dynamic forces produced by the pressure fluctuation on the rod surface are calculated by the 3-dimensional large eddy simulation turbulent model in Fluent 6 to simulate the flow field in the same as being measured empirically via pressure transducers. To acquire response to fluctuating pressure, the mode response equation of vibration is used in case of a cylindrical rod in one-dimensional case. The first modal longitudinal joint acceptance integral including a coherence function is also an important parameter affecting the displacement in the form of the r.m.s. of modal responses along with the damping ratio. The root mean square of the lateral displacement in addition to the natural frequency is studied using the PSD and the longitudinal joint acceptance integral in a fundamental mode. The random pressure PSD on the middle point of the rod shows the typical turbulence pattern: the PSD energy decreases slightly in a low frequency region, but decreases rapidly and linearly with frequency as the frequency exceeds a certain value. The PSD in a very high frequency region is obtained assuming the slope is constant in a logarithmic graph after smoothing the PSD. It turns out that the r.m.s. displacement ranges from 15 to 40 micro-meter at the maximum value using the mode response equation under the modal damping ration ranging from 0.01 to 0.05.
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Aguiar, Antônio S. N., Jaqueline E. Queiroz, Pollyana P. Firmino, Wesley F. Vaz, Ademir J. Camargo, Gilberto L. B. de Aquino, Hamilton B. Napolitano und Solemar S. Oliveira. „Experimental and theoretical study of the chalcone molecule (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(furan-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one“. In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202033.
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In this work, we synthesized chalcone (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(furan-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one (DTP) via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The supramolecular arrangement of the obtained compound was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface, and its crystalline structure was determined. The DTP molecule was studied using the Density Functional Theory, at the theoretical level M06-2X/6-311G ++G, in order to obtain information about its structural and electronic properties. A map of molecular electrostatic potential was obtained to predict the types of interactions and their acid-base behavior.
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Wampler, Charles W. „Locating N Points of a Rigid Body on N Given Planes“. In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57182.
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This paper describes a method for finding the location of a rigid body such that N specified points of the body lie on N given planes in space. Of special interest is the case N = 6, which is the minimum number to fully constrain the body. This geometric problem arises in two seemingly disparate contexts: metrology, as a generalization of so-called “3-2-1” locating schemes; and robotics, as the forward kinematics problem for 6ES or 6SE parallel-link platform robots. For N = 6, the geometric problem can be formulated algebraically as 3 quadratic equations having, in general, eight possible solutions. We give a method for finding all eight solutions via an 8 × 8 eigenvalue problem. We also show that for N ≥ 7, the solution can be found uniquely as a linear least squares problem.
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Zlatanov, D., M. Q. Dai, R. G. Fenton und B. Benhabib. „Mechanical Design and Kinematic Analysis of a Three-Legged Six Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator“. In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0255.
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Abstract In this paper a three-legged 6-dof platform-type parallel manipulator is described. Each of the legs is a serial subchain with three revolute joints connected to the output platform via a spherical joint. Due to the proposed asymmetrical 3-2-1 distribution of the controlled joints, a closed-form solution exists to the forward kinematics problem. The mechanical design of the manipulator has been developed. The forward and inverse kinematics as well as the instantaneous kinematics of the mechanism have been solved analytically.
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Huda, A., S. A. Halim, K. P. Lim, K. K. Kabashi, S. Elias, A. A. Sidek und Z. Hishamuddin. „Structural, Electrical Transport and Magnetoresistive Studies of Pr and Nd Substituted on La2/3Ba1/3MnO3 Perovskite“. In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58535.
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Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), as the name implies, is the phenomenon of dramatic changes in resistance attendant upon application of a magnetic field. The typical CMR material is derived from perovskite manganites with the chemical formula Ln1−xAxMnO3, where Ln is the rare earth (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm) and A is the divalent metal (A = Ca, Ba, Sr). The objective of this paper is to study the effects of the doping Nd and Pr at La site on La-Ba-Mn-O ceramics using solid state reaction. The characteristics and magnetotransport properties of CMR materials are investigated. Polycrystalline (La1−xPrx)0.67Ba0.33MnO3 (x = 0, 1/6, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 5/6, 1) and (La1−xPrx)0.67Ba0.33MnO3 (x = 0, 1/6, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 5/6, 1), are doped with Pr and Nd site based manganites, calcined at 900°C for 12 hours, pelletized and sintered at 1300°C for 24 hours have been synthesized and investigated. The magnetoresistance (MR) effects are measured using the four point probe technique. The magnetoresistance defined as MR% = (Ro−RH)/RH × 100 was measured at a magnetic field of H ≤ 1T at room temperature. The MR values were increased from 7.9–12.7% and from 7.9–12.3% for doping with Nd (x = 0.17) and Pr (x = 0.33) respectively. The electrical property, Tp was determined by using standard four-point probe resistivity measurement in a temperature range of 20 K to 300 K. The result shows that Pr and Nd dopants shift the value of TP to a lower temperature. In this paper the structural pattern and microstructure property of bulk samples have been investigated via XRD, AFM and SEM. XRD patterns show that these systems are in single-phase with orthorhombic distorted perovskite structures. The rms roughness for the AFM images has obtained for undoped and doped samples. SEM micrographs have shown that undoped samples are observed to be more compact than the doped samples doped due to the existence of pores. The potential of this research is to produce magnetoresistive read head such as read/write heads in computer disc-drives, position sensor, magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), biomagnetic sensor and magnetic accelerometers.
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Kuo, Chin-Hsing, und Jian S. Dai. „Structural Synthesis of Serial Robotic Manipulators Subject to Specific Motion Constraints“. In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28947.
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An intuitive approach for the structural synthesis of serial robotic manipulator subject to specific motion constraints is presented in this paper. According to the required f-DOF αRβT motion of the end-effector, for f = 2, 3, … or 6 and α, β = 0, 1, 2 or 3, all feasible serial-type robot structures can be systematically generated via the proposed method. The approach begins at the enumeration of joint connectivity, proceeds with the assignment of joint types, and continues by the consideration of motion constraints for the robot. A couple of examples, including the synthesis of the 3-, 4- and 5-DOF serial manipulators, are furnished for illustration. It shows that this method is especially exploitable when the end-effector is required to be immovable in certain orientations or directions with respect to either local coordinate system or global coordinate system. The result is particularly beneficial for practical industrial applications.
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Rhee, Bo Wook, Chang Joon Jeong, Hye Jeong Yun und Dong Soon Jang. „A CFD Model for High Pressure Liquid Poison Injection for CANDU-6 Shutdown System No. 2“. In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22168.
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In CANDU reactor one of the two reactor shutdown systems is the liquid poison injection system which injects the highly pressurized liquid neutron poison into the moderator tank via small holes on the nozzle pipes. To ensure the safe shutdown of a reactor it is necessary for the poison curtains generated by jets provide quick, and enough negative reactivity to the reactor during the early stage of the accident. In order to produce the neutron cross section necessary to perform this work, the poison concentration distribution during the transient is necessary. In this study, a set of models for analyzing the transient poison concentration induced by this high pressure poison injection jet activated upon the reactor trip in a CANDU-6 reactor moderator tank has been developed and used to generate the poison concentration distribution of the poison curtains induced by the high pressure jets injected into the vacant region between the pressure tube banks. The poison injection rate through the jet holes drilled on the nozzle pipes is obtained by a 1-D transient hydrodynamic code called, ALITRIG, and this injection rate is used to provide the inlet boundary condition to a 3-D CFD model of the moderator tank based on CFX4.3, a CFD code, to simulate the formation of the poison jet curtain inside the moderator tank. For validation, an attempt was made to validate this model against a poison injection experiment performed at BARC. As conclusion this set of models is judged to be appropriate.
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Nagayama, Kazuaki, Yuki Yahiro und Takeo Matsumoto. „In Situ Observation of Nuclear Behavior During Laser Nano-Dissection of Actin Stress Fibers: Mechanical Interaction Between Actin Stress Fibers and Nucleus“. In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53264.
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In order to elucidate the mechanotransduction mechanism of adherent cells, it is crucial to clarify how forces applied to cells are transmitted through intracellular components. Actin stress fibers (SFs) play important roles in various cellular events including cell proliferation [1], differentiation [2] and gene expression [3]. SFs generate internal forces and contribute to physical interactions between cells and extracellular matrices [4]. It has recently been suggested that cytoskeletons have the potential to interact with nuclei via certain nuclear membrane proteins [5, 6]. However, it remains unclear at this stage whether SFs are involved in a mechanical interaction with the cell nucleus and their internal forces are transmitted directly to the nucleus.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "VDA 6.3"
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Rukundo, Solomon. Tax Amnesties in Africa: An Analysis of the Voluntary Disclosure Programme in Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.005.
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Tax amnesties have taken centre stage as a compliance tool in recent years. The OECD estimates that since 2009 tax amnesties in 40 jurisdictions have resulted in the collection of an additional €102 billion in tax revenue. A number of African countries have introduced tax amnesties in the last decade, including Nigeria, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania. Despite their global popularity, the efficacy of tax amnesties as a tax compliance tool remains in doubt. The revenue is often below expectations, and it probably could have been raised through effective use of regular enforcement measures. It is also argued that tax amnesties might incentivise non-compliance – taxpayers may engage in non-compliance in the hope of benefiting from an amnesty. This paper examines the administration of tax amnesties in various jurisdictions around the world, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Kenya and South Africa. The paper makes a cost-benefit analysis of these and other tax amnesties – and from this analysis develops a model tax amnesty, whose features maximise the benefits of a tax amnesty while minimising the potential costs. The model tax amnesty: (1) is permanent, (2) is available only to taxpayers who make a voluntary disclosure, (3) relieves taxpayers of penalties, interest and the risk of prosecution, but treats intentional and unintentional non-compliance differently, (4) has clear reporting requirements for taxpayers, and (5) is communicated clearly to attract non-compliant taxpayers without appearing unfair to the compliant ones. The paper then focuses on the Ugandan tax amnesty introduced in July 2019 – a Voluntary Disclosure Programme (VDP). As at 7 November 2020, this initiative had raised USh16.8 billion (US$6.2 million) against a projection of USh45 billion (US$16.6 million). The paper examines the legal regime and administration of this VDP, scoring it against the model tax amnesty. It notes that, while the Ugandan VDP partially matches up to the model tax amnesty, because it is permanent, restricted to taxpayers who make voluntary disclosure and relieves penalties and interest only, it still falls short due to a number of limitations. These include: (1) communication of the administration of the VDP through a public notice, instead of a practice note that is binding on the tax authority; (2) uncertainty regarding situations where a VDP application is made while the tax authority has been doing a secret investigation into the taxpayer’s affairs; (3) the absence of differentiated treatment between taxpayers involved in intentional non-compliance, and those whose non-compliance may be unintentional; (4) lack of clarity on how the VDP protects the taxpayer when non-compliance involves the breach of other non-tax statutes, such as those governing financial regulation; (5)absence of clear timelines in the administration of the VDP, which creates uncertainty;(6)failure to cater for voluntary disclosures with minor errors; (7) lack of clarity on VDP applications that result in a refund position for the applicant; and (8) lack of clarity on how often a VDP application can be made. The paper offers recommendations on how the Ugandan VDP can be aligned to match the model tax amnesty, in order to gain the most from this compliance tool.