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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Variants d’histone“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Variants d’histone"
Guillemette, Benoît, und Luc Gaudreau. „H2A.Z : un variant d’histone qui orne les promoteurs des gènes“. médecine/sciences 22, Nr. 11 (November 2006): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20062211941.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaelble, Hartmut. „Histoire mondiale. Quelle contribution des historiens ?“ Eurostudia 4, Nr. 2 (04.03.2009): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000394ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGérin, Pierre. „Une tentative de réhabilitation du patrimoine théâtral acadien : l’édition critique de Subercase ou les Dernières années de la domination française en Acadie d’Alexandre Braud (1902, 1936)“. Études, Nr. 20-21 (10.07.2012): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1010327ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Variants d’histone"
Karagyozova, Tina. „Spatio-temporal organisation of histone variants : from nucleosomes to nuclei“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe multiple scales of chromatin organization in the nucleus: from packaging into distinct nucleosomes up to forming structures on the scale of kilo- (kb) to megabases (Mb), contribute to the regulation of genome function throughout the cell cycle and during cell fate transitions. Notably, work from our team demonstrated that deposition of distinct H3 variants on chromatin contributes to the definition of early-replicating regions. However, how the distribution of H3 variants relates to higher-order genome folding and its implications for early replication initiation remain open questions. During my PhD project, I explored how nucleosomes with distinct H3 variants relate to higher-order genome folding and what their implications for early replication initiation are. To achieve this, I integrated unique H3 variant-specific ChIP-seq data from cells in which the H3.3-specific chaperone HIRA was present (WT) or knocked-out (KO) with publicly available Hi-C data to profile H3 variant distribution with respect to compartments. Secondly, I generated matched Hi-C data to assess the effect of HIRA loss on 3D genome organization. Finally, I performed rescue experiments to test whether supplying back HIRA can re-establish H3 variant patterns, and in turn restore either early replication initiation and/or 3D genome organization simultaneously or separately. I showed that HIRA is required for targeted H3.3 deposition in compartment A regions and maintenance of their contacts with the rest of the genome in a manner independent of H3 PTMs. Furthermore, HIRA-mediated H3.3 incorporation was essential for maintaining A compartment identity and PTM levels at non-transcribing early IZs without affecting their local 3D conformation. Strikingly, re-supplying HIRA was sufficient to restore H3.3 enrichment globally in A compartments along with their interaction pattern, as well as locally at H3.3 pre-existing sites regardless of their transcriptional activity. This was accompanied by a partial rescue of the impaired early replication initiation at these sites, but not by reversal of compartment on this timescale. My results suggest that HIRA is important for 3D chromatin organization on the scale of compartments in a manner that is independent of histone PTMs and separate from its role in defining early replication IZs
Benoit, Matthias. „Histone H3 variants and chaperones in Arabidopsis thaliana heterochromatin dynamics“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22497/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo understand how histones H3 are handled and how histone dynamics impact higher-order chromatin organization such as chromocenter formation in Arabidopsis, a comprehensive analysis of the different histone chaperone complexes is required. We identified and characterized the different subunits of the Arabidopsis HIR complex. AtHIRA is the central subunit and its loss affects non-nucleosomal histone levels, reduces nucleosomal occupancy not only at euchromatic but also at heterochromatic targets and alleviates transcriptional gene silencing. While the HIR complex-mediated histone deposition is dispensable for higher-order organization of Arabidopsis heterochromatin, I show that CAF-1 plays a central role in chromocenter formation. During postgermination development in cotyledons when centromeric and pericentromeric repeats cluster progressively into chromocenter structures, these repetitive elements but not euchromatic loci become enriched in H3.1 in a CAF-1- dependent manner. This enrichment, together with the appropriate setting of repressive histone post-translational marks, contributes to chromocenter formation, identifying chromatin assembly by CAF-1 as driving force in formation and maintenance of genome structure. Finally, while absence of HIR or CAF-1 complexes sustains viability, only the simultaneous loss of both severely impairs nucleosomal occupancy and plant development, suggesting a limited functional compensation between the different histone chaperone complexes and plasticity in histone variant interaction and deposition in plants
Cong, Rong. „Functional analysis of nucleolin-chromatin interaction in vivo“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBesides the well-known role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, nucleoli play important roles in the regulation of many fundamental cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, telomerase production, RNA processing and therefore it is not surprising that many nucleolar proteins appear to be multifunctional proteins. Nucleolin, one of the most abundant non-ribosomal proteins of the nucleolus, has been the focus of many studies since it was first described 35 years ago. It seems to be involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism, chromatin regulation and appeared to be a good pharmacological target for drug development in addition to its role in RNA polymerase I transcription and pre-ribosomal processing and assembly in pre-ribosomes. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is packed into nucleosomes to form chromatin in the nucleus. The cells develop a variety of strategies to overcome the nucleosomal barriers. These strategies include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, incorporation of histone variants and ATP dependent chromatin remodeling. The aim of this thesis is to study the interaction of nucleolin with chromatin, and to decipher the mechanism of nucleolin in gene regulation. It was reported that nucleolin possesses a histone chaperone activity, helps the transcription through nucleosomes, and it is required for ribosomal DNA gene (rDNA) transcription in vivo, but the mechanism by which nucleolin modulates RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription is unknown. In the thesis it is shown that nucleolin knockdown results in an increase of the heterochromatin mark H3K9me2 and a decrease of H4K12Ac and H3K4me3 euchromatin histone marks in rDNA genes. Nucleolin is associated with unmethylated rDNA genes and ChIP-seq experiments identified a strong enrichment of nucleolin in the promoter and coding regions of rDNA. Nucleolin is able to interfere with the binding of TTF-1 on the promoter-proximal terminator T0 thus inhibiting the recruitment of the nucleolar remodeling complex (NoRC) subunit TIP5 and HDAC1 and the establishment of a repressive heterochromatin state. In addition, in absence of nucleolin or after inhibition of Pol I by actinomycin D, a strong relocalization of the histone variant macroH2A1 to the nucleolus and on the rDNA genes was observed. This invasion of macroH2A1 in the nucleolus plays a major role in the inhibition of Pol I transcription in absence of nucleolin, as knockdown of macroH2A1 eliminates the repressive effect of nucleolin depletion. These results reveal the importance of nucleolin for the maintenance of the euchromatin state of rDNA required for an efficient production of ribosomal RNAs and the role of macroH2A1 in rDNA transcription
Obri, Arnaud. „Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la variante d'histone H2AZ“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912335.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYettou, Guillaume. „Rôle de la chaperonne d'histone DAXX dans le maintien et l'établissement de l'hétérochromatine“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe functional role of pericentromeric heterochromatin transcripts remains largely unknown in higher eukaryotes. Nevertheless, it has been shown that these transcripts are subject to very precise control, depending on the cell cycle. Regulation of transcription is tightly controlled by chromatin structure that can be modified locally by changing the biochemical composition of the nucleosome, including the use of histone variants. The aim of my thesis was to better understand the role of the histone chaperone protein DAXX and its histone variant H3.3 in the regulation of transcription of pericentromeric repeats. By the method of TAP-TAG purification, DAXX specific partners were identified from soluble nuclear extracts of murine embryonic fibroblasts. These analyzes revealed that CAF-1, classically associated with H3.1, and the chromatin remodeling factors, ATRX and CHD4, specifically interact with DAXX. The role of these proteins in the control of transcription of pericentromeric heterochromatin was then highlighted by an approach combining RNAi and Q-PCR. Finally, the results strongly suggest that these regulatory mechanisms take place at PML nuclear bodies. Taken together, these data show that there is a spatio-temporal regulation of the fine structure of chromatin regulates transcription of pericentromeric heterochromatin
Contrepois, Kévin. „Modifications de la chromatine associées à la sénescence cellulaire“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCellular senescence is a stress response of mammalian cells characterized by a stable cell proliferation arrest. It can be triggered by telomere dysfunction, genotoxic stress and oncogene activation. Cellular senescence acts as a natural barrier against cancer development and is involved in ageing. Senescent cells reorganize their genome by the assembly of chromatin into senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF). We showed that SIRT2-mediated global deacetylation of H4-K16Ac is involved in heterochromatin assembly in senescence. Moreover, we identified the accumulation with time of specific H2A and H2B variants in senescence triggered by persistent DNA damage signaling. These histone variants could have specific functions in senescent cells and could be a useful ageing biomarker in vivo.This work provides novel insights into chromatin modification and epigenetic regulation in cellular senescence
Dalkara, Defne. „Etude des fonctions du domaine amino-terminal de CENP-A pendant la mitose“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe histone variant CENP-A epigenetically marks the centromere. The presence of CENP-A at the centromeres allows the recruitment of centromeric proteins that constitute the platform for functional kinetochores.In human cells, the NH2-terminus of CENP-A and its phosphorylation at serine 7 in mitosis has been reported to be crucial for the progression of mitosis. However, no phosphorylation of CENP-A in other metazoan species has been described. Here, we show that the NH2-terminus of CENP-A, but not its primary sequence, is required for mitosis in mouse embryonic cells (MEFs). Our data show that the mitotic defects resulting from the depletion of the endogenous CENP-A can be rescued when MEFs expressing a GFP- CENP-A mutant where the NH2-terminus of CENP-A was swapped with the phosphorylatable tail of conventional histone H3. Conversely, no rescue was observed when the two phosphorylatable serines in the H3 tail mutant were replaced with alanines. Furthermore, a non-phosphorylatable fusion mutant of CENP-A where all seven serines in the amino-tail were replaced with alanines, was also unable to rescue the mitotic phenotype of CENP-A depleted cells.We also identified that the first three serines of the tail of CENP-A as potential sites for phosphorylation. Additionally, we were able to link the phosphorylation of CENP-A amino-tail to the proper localization of the key centromeric protein CENP-C. These results suggest that mitotic CENP-A phosphorylation is a potentially common event in metazoans essential for mitotic progression.In the second par of this work we wanted to unambiguously tie the NH2-terminus function of CENP-A to mitosis. To achieve this, we wanted to remove the CENP-A amino-tail only during mitosis and we devised a new method called the Hara-kiri approach in order to answer the above question in human cells. The removal of the NH2-terminal domain of CENP-A using the Hara-kiri approach at the onset of mitosis led to increased mitotic defects in cells. Taken collectively these data show that the CENP-A NH2- terminus is required during mitosis to assure proper cell division
Mangelinck, Adèle. „Analyse fonctionnelle du variant d’histone H2A.J impliqué dans le développement d’un phénotype pro-inflammatoire en sénescence induite par des dommages à l’ADN“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCellular senescence is a stress response characterized by a stable proliferative arrest accompanied by, among others, the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors constituting what is called the SASP and an important chromatin remodelling.This PhD hosting laboratory is interested in the identification of novel regulators and biomarkers of cellular senescence. Recent data showed a specific accumulation of the histone variant H2A.J in DNA damage induced senescence and its implication in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.This PhD project is aiming to understand the mechanisms by which H2A.J accumulation promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and to identify novel physiological or organ/tissue/cell functions for H2A.J.We showed that H2A.J accumulation contributes to weakening the association of linker histone H1 to chromatin. Decreased H1 in senescence was correlated with increased expression of some repeated DNA sequences and activation of the interferon signalling pathway. Moreover, this H1 loss in senescence and its consequences could be partially recovered by H2A.J depletion by RNA interference. A mutational analysis also showed the functional importance of H2A.J sequence specificities: a moderation of its activity by the Val-11 and a potentiation by the phosphorylation of the Ser-123.Additionally, we developed a H2A.J-KO mouse model and preliminary results indicate a potential implication of H2A.J in the predisposition to obesity and the associated pathologies (diabete, chronic inflammation, etc.) and in erythropoïesis
Montel, Fabien. „Dynamique à l'équilibre et hors d'équilibre de la chromatine visualisée par microscopie de force atomique : effet des variants d’histones et des facteurs de remodelage“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0484.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe organization of DNA into nucleosome can be seen as a barrier for the transcription factors binding to their target DNA sequences and interferes with several basic cellular processes. ATP-remodeling machines and the incorporation of histone variants into chromatin are used by the cell to overcome the nucleosomal barrier and modulate DNA accessibility by the control of nucleosome dynamics. In this work, we use a single molecule technique (Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM) to visualize isolated mono- and oligonucleosomes and quantify their structure and dynamics at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. First, we study the impact of H2A. Bbd incorporation at the mononucleosome and oligonucleosome level. We show that this variant modifies both structure and dynamics of the complex and its presence alter the ability to form an higher structure organization of the chromatin. Using a polymer physics model we demonstrate that the behavior of variant chromatin can be quantitatively explained by the mononucleosome dynamical properties and more precisely by the nucleosome flexibility. Then, we study the mechanism of nucleosome remodeling by SWI/SNF and RSC on mono- and di- nucleosomes. To do so we determine simultaneously the mononucleosome DNA complexed length and position distributions and produce 2D histograms in various contexts. We demonstrate the appearance of a reaction intermediate visible as an overcomplexed nucleosome. Finally, focusing on the di-nucleosomes, we report different slided states that are used to construct a simple stochastic model showing that RSC is a highly processive and sequential randomizer
Coudereau, Clément. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle d’un nouveau variant d’histone impliqué dans la sénescence des cellules humaines induite par des dommages persistants à l’ADN, et son rôle potentiel comme biomarqueur de stress lors du vieillissement“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS575/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn mammalian cells, cellular senescence has been defined as a stress response. It is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest, morphological transformation, a secretion of pro-inflammatory factors termed the SASP (senescence associated secretory phenotype) and the alteration of the chromatin structure. Originally, telomere loss or dysfunction was shown to trigger the onset of senescence. However, the senescence state can also result from inadequate culture conditions, oncogene induction or genotoxic stresses. Work in the lab focuses on mechanisms governing the onset and maintenance of senescence and on the search for new markers of senescence. We have recently identified chromatin modifications and epigenetic regulations during cellular senescence, such as post-translational modifications of histones and changes in the histone variants composition of nucleosomes. Mass spectrometry revealed the accumulation of a specific histone variant in DNA-damage induced senescence. This variant, H2A.J, makes up to 1% of the H2A histone content during proliferation, but reaches 20% of H2A species during deep senescence. The goal of my thesis work was to determine the function of this histone variant. We produced stable human fibroblast cell lines expressing shRNAs silencing the H2A.J gene. Microarray and RNA-sequencing analyses have shown that H2AJ-depleted fibroblasts have an altered transcriptome. In particular, such cells show a greatly delayed derepression in senescence of several SASP genes coding for some key cytokines and chemokines. This result indicates that accumulation of H2A.J in senescence is important for efficient expression of the SASP phenotype. Finally, the accumulation of senescent cells in aged tissues has often been inferred using surrogate markers (DNA damage, SA-B-Galactosidase, etc.). Our data suggest that H2AJ accumulation may be a novel in-vivo biomarker of aging for certain cell types
Buchteile zum Thema "Variants d’histone"
Pestre, Dominique. „Repenser les variantes du complexe militaire-industriel-universitaire“. In Deux siècles d’histoire de l’armement en France, 135–65. CNRS Éditions, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.editionscnrs.33617.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRagan, Mark A. „From histoire naturelle to anatomie and morphologie“. In Kingdoms, Empires, and Domains, 289–310. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197643037.003.0017.
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