Dissertationen zum Thema „Valorisation intégrée“
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Eveillard-Buchoux, Marie. „Côtes rocheuses de Bretagne et oiseaux pélagiques : vers une valorisation intégrée du patrimoine naturel“. Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe North-West coasts of Europe provide rocky cliff nesting sites for a large number of Northern Hemis-phere pelagic seabirds. Although pelagic seabirds and their habitats have been studied from the geogra-phic standpoint for many years, the relation between seabird species and nest-site geomorphological characteristics represents a new field of study. Focu-sing on several Brittany populations, the present study demonstrates that the geomorphological characteristics of these micro-habitats appear to correspond to preferences for different seabird species, highlighting the importance of nest-site micro-geomorphological criteria to the successful reproduction of cliff-nesting seabirds. Extending these data to the spheres of conservation and eco-tourism, they underscore the importance, and even the primacy, of the protection of nesting popula-tions based on geomorphological criteria, rather than on large-scale, area-wide considerations. Conse-quently, much more emphasis should be placed on the importance of the geomorphological characteris-tics of nesting sites, as opposed to the present ‘bird only’ emphasis in most publications and tourist information
Baba, Abdul-Rahim Mumuni. „Système urbain, système agraire, production et valorisation de déchets ménagers : le cas de la région de Tamale, Ghana“. Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1804.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMughal, Arshad Saleem. „Valorisation industrielle intégrée d'agro-ressources non alimentaires : contribution au développement d'une méthodologie d'analyse énergétique et environnementale basée sur le génie des procédés“. Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT042G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRougié, Alexandre. „Analyse et conception d'un outil de coupe pour la valorisation des sous produits d'élagage des haies : démarche intégrée d'innovation et de prototypage“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10045/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNOREMAT is specialized in the manufacturing of equipments for the maintenance of road verges. Its issue is to continuously propose profitable equipments to its customers. The company also wishes to design, thanks to scientific research, a new trimming concept offering more cost-efficient and ecological solutions. After a series of preliminary steps (analysis of French hedges, waste valorization options, design suggestion, analysis of trimming phenomena), a prototype was designed. This new tool fulfills three major functions: it cuts hedges economically and safely, it crushes the wastes into heating chips and collects them. Based upon the study of chips formation and the control of cutting parameters during the branches processing, this new tool offers a better trimming in comparison with the existing devices, while requiring less energy, adding value to waste products and protecting its surrounding area. Regarding scientific contribution, these researches have lead to a better understanding of the chip’s building up in the specific case of flexible elements trimming
Chanouri, Hamza. „Valorisation des terres rares à partir du phosphogypse et boues phosphoriques : cas d'utilisation de la lixiviation basique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe hydrometallurgical approaches for extracting and separating rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as international research hotspots due to the indispensable physicochemical properties of REEs in advanced technology. Hence, the last decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the necessity of developing processing techniques to valorize REEs from low-grade resources to overcome the serious problem of balancing supply and demand. In addition, the concerns regarding the depletion of principal natural resource reserves have made it necessary to look for the cusp of a significant breakthrough that may pave the way for the mining of secondary resources. In light of all these considerations, several countries have started investing heavily in research and development of technologies directed towards cost-effective extraction of REEs from secondary resources, low-grade ores, and industrial wastes and by-products, such as ions adsorption clays, red muds, phosphate rocks, phosphogypsum (PG), and phosphoric sludges (PS). Consequently, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of new technologies for REEs recovery from phosphate-derived minerals, i.e., PG and PS generated during phosphoric acid production and concentration in fertilizer industries. Despite the low concentration of REEs in these by-products but given their large amount they were considered as relevant alternatives. However, the tenuous concentration and sole targeting of REEs have constrained the development of an appropriate direct acidic leaching approach for REEs extraction from PG and PS, which enhanced the necessity of investigating the development of effective alkaline based processes. To address the challenging question regarding the beneficiation of REEs from diluted phosphate-derived by-products our research studies focused on deciphering the probable speciation of REEs in the parent matrices, their recovery, as well as their enrichment using different pH-dependent approaches. In addition, the investigated-developed processes embraced the strategy of by-products to high added value products by considering the development of an integrated process to make of use of all untapped potential of PG and PS, by co-extraction and valorization of other high value components, i.e., phosphorus pentoxide, sulfates, calcium, fluorine, etc., for an effective circular economy
Tran, Hai Nam. „Contribution à la valorisation de l’eau dans les espaces urbains durables : l’exemple de Hà Nội (Việt Nam)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10211.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWater is the source of life and all the great civilizations were built around rivers. Water not only appears in all activities of human life, but also plays an important role in planning and sustainable development of the city. Hanoi is the capital of Viet Nam that was born from water. With over one thousand years of history, water spaces have been existed in the city with rivers that created the main system and the organic development of the city. Nowadays, rapid urbanization and poor management of the city has threaten all water surfaces in environmental aspects : embankments, flood, open sewers, abandoned wasteland areas. The aim of the research includes two aspects : identifying problems and the roles of residents who control the water surfaces to find out solutions to restore and to improve the value of water surfaces in Hanoi. This thesis also clarifies the role and enhances the value of water in the setting and development of Hanoi capital city, to prove the importance of water in the management and urban planning of Vietnam in general and in Hanoi in particular. In addition, this thesis proposes urban scenarios that can better integrate water surfaces in the sustainable urbanization. Finally, the research also confirmed the hypothesis that the water is able to participate in the establishment and strengthening of specific urban identity
Nascimento, Januário da Rocha. „Gestion intégrée de l'eau et développement durable : le cas du Cap-Vert“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the problem of water use in a poor, vulnerable, semi-arid West African archipelago where the issue of water resources has always posed major problems, problems which five centuries of colonization were unable to solve. In an open, interdependent world in which issues of environmental sustainability, agricultural production, food security and the fight against poverty and in favor of development are major challenges for the planet and its inhabitants, integrated water resources management (IWRM) constitutes an interesting solution for an economy of water that responds to these difficulties in the country.The objective of the thesis is to contribute to the implementation of integral water resource management in the territory of the Republic of Cabo Verde. It questions the “adopted model” of hydraulic dams, with the example of the Polião Dam in Ribeira Seca valley, on the island of Santiago, the first dam built in Cabo Verde, with the help of the People’s Republic of China. It examines the role and effects of irrigation, the impacts of engaging therein on the local environment, and the socio-economic problems caused by water usage in the Ribeira Seca watershed.The thesis also uses international comparisons to raise questions related to the legal, regulatory and institutional governance of water in Cabo Verde. Finally, it proposes a water management model inspired by the Integrated Water Resources Management approach
A presente tese aborda a questão do uso da água num arquipélago Oeste Africano semiárido, pobre, vulnerável, onde a questão dos recursos hídricos sempre levantou problemas graves, que cinco séculos de colonização não conseguiram resolver. Num mundo interdependente e aberto, onde as questões de sustentabilidade ambiental, a produção agrícola, a segurança alimentar e a luta contra a pobreza e pelo desenvolvimento são as questões fundamentais para (a preservação) do planeta e seus habitantes, a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos (GIRH) é uma solução interessante para uma economia cabo-verdiana da água que responda a estes desafios.O objetivo desta tese é o de contribuir para a implementação da GIRH no território da República de Cabo Verde. A tese questiona sobre o "modelo transferido " de barragens, como por exemplo o da Barragem de Poilão na Ribeira Seca, na ilha de Santiago, a primeira barragem construída em Cabo Verde, com a ajuda da Cooperação chinesa. A tese examina o papel e os efeitos da irrigação, o impacto da sua implementação no ambiente local, assim como os problemas socioeconómicos causados pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica de Ribeira Seca.A tese interroga-se sobre a questão da governança jurídica, regulamentar e institucional da água em Cabo Verde, usando o direito comparado internacional. Finalmente, a tese oferece um modelo de gestão da água, com base na abordagem GIRH
Velayoudon, Prescilia. „Valorisation de biodéchets pour la restauration de sites dégradés de Nouvelle-Calédonie“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NCAL0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiowaste like biosolids or poultry can be used for organic amendment of soils. In New Caledonia, the demographic development involves an increase in waste production and the management of these ones is highly important for local authorities. On the other hand, there are numerous degraded sites issued from mining activity. In particular mining sites after exploitation, characterized by an ultramafic substratum, and industrial sites The objective of this thesis consists to bring data on biowaste valorization (sewage sludge and poultry) for degraded sites restoration. Three kind of degraded sites are selected: a not-reorganized ferralsol, a ferralsol reorganized by the mining activity and an industrial site. From these independent studies, we try to evaluate the opportunity of revegetalization from the seed bank of the original soil, or vegetalized a site free of original soil by plantations. On these 3 sites, it was followed the biometric, chemical variables of the vegetal species and chemical and physico-chemical variables of the substrata. The results are encouraging, with positive effects on plant growth. The biosolids quantity should be modulating according to the objectives to obtain between plant production and specific diversity. The low bioavailability of the ETM seems to be favorable to the biowaste manuring of these specific substrata for the rehabilitation of the degraded sites
De, Lopez Sophânara S. „Contribution à la définition d'une filière intégrée de valorisation des pailles de céréales : étude de l'impact d'une pré-extraction alcaline des hémicelluloses sur la production de pâte à papier“. Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT017G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVié, Jocelyn. „Voies de communication terrestres et valorisation paysagère : essai méthodologique : caractérisation des enjeux paysagers réels et proposition de méthode d'analyse intégrée du système-voirie : études de cas en Haute-Garonne France“. Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLandscape is in fashion. Concept attached as much to the perceptive and visual field that in a physical and ecological reality, the landscape interests general public as much as the professionals of the regional planning or researchers, in particular geographers. It is thus quite naturally that this thesis considers the relations which the road roadway system and the crossed landscapes can maintain. The step suggested will be based on a prospective reflexion on the capacity of the ways to create linear landscape the, recognizable ones as a clean element of structuring of a valley, as well as a river, that a forest, that a village. The question which this work wants to answer is to know if the roadway system constitutes a "landscape accident" in a landscape screen already preestablished and that it is advisable to protect, or if it is on the contrary a factor of diversity and a clean and identifiable landscape entity, which could present unsuspected assets. This work is based on a comparative analysis of three sectors limited of three valleys into Haute-Garonne : the valley of the Hers and the valley of Marcaissonne in the Toulouse east ; and the valley of the Garonne sweats the Pyrenean axial zone. The sought objectives, even if they remain primarily reflexive and centered on methodological research, attach a certain will of practical application with an aim of valorization of the landscapes by a distribution and a particular treatment of linear of roadway system and their accesses
Velayoudon, Prescilia. „Valorisation de biodéchets pour la restauration de sites dégradés de Nouvelle-Calédonie“. Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NCAL0004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiowaste like biosolids or poultry can be used for organic amendment of soils. In New Caledonia, the demographic development involves an increase in waste production and the management of these ones is highly important for local authorities. On the other hand, there are numerous degraded sites issued from mining activity. In particular mining sites after exploitation, characterized by an ultramafic substratum, and industrial sites The objective of this thesis consists to bring data on biowaste valorization (sewage sludge and poultry) for degraded sites restoration. Three kind of degraded sites are selected: a not-reorganized ferralsol, a ferralsol reorganized by the mining activity and an industrial site. From these independent studies, we try to evaluate the opportunity of revegetalization from the seed bank of the original soil, or vegetalized a site free of original soil by plantations. On these 3 sites, it was followed the biometric, chemical variables of the vegetal species and chemical and physico-chemical variables of the substrata. The results are encouraging, with positive effects on plant growth. The biosolids quantity should be modulating according to the objectives to obtain between plant production and specific diversity. The low bioavailability of the ETM seems to be favorable to the biowaste manuring of these specific substrata for the rehabilitation of the degraded sites
Kenjo, Samer. „Biostratigraphie intégrée à nannofossiles calcaires et ammonoïdes : développement et implications pour la définition et la valorisation des stratotypes d’unité et de limite. L’exemple des étages Berriasien et Valanginien et de leur limite (~140 Millions d’années)“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe integrated biostratigraphic study of ammonites and calcareous nannofossils in three sections from SE France (Vergol, Courchons, and Berrias) allowed a solid new biozonation scheme to be proposed here. This study should enable us to strengthen the proposition of the Vergol section as GSSP for the lower boundary of Valanginian. Concerning ammonites, an intensive exploitation bed by bed coupled to a taxonomic revision of all groups have shown a faunal renewal and brought to the proposal of a new zonal scheme. The Upper Berriasian is characterized in its upper part by a new zone, the Alpillensis zone, which replaces the upper part of the Boisseri zone sensu Le Hégarat. The Alpillensis zone is subdivided into two subzones, Alpillensis and Otopeta. For the Lower Valanginian, the Pertransiens (with the introduction of two new subzones, Premolicus and Salinarium) and Neocomiensiformis zones have been recognized. Concerning calcareous nannofossils, many events are recorded across the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, underlying a major change in the assemblages as indicated by Principal Component Analysis. These changes are very likely linked to sea level changes. In fact, a major regression occurred in the Alpillensis zone, followed by a transgression in the Petransiens zone. Unitary Associations resulted in an UA 1 whose topmost part occurs just above the first occurrences of the nannofossil C. oblongata and of the ammonite « Thurmanniceras » pertransiens. The stratigraphic succession of these three events (namely, the FOs of « T. » pertransiens and of C. oblongata and the top of UA 1) allow us to identify the boundary between the Berriasian and Valanginian in this work with the FO of « T. » pertransiens
Tran, Hai Nam. „Contribution à la valorisation de l’eau dans les espaces urbains durables : l’exemple de Hà Nội (Việt Nam)“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10211.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWater is the source of life and all the great civilizations were built around rivers. Water not only appears in all activities of human life, but also plays an important role in planning and sustainable development of the city. Hanoi is the capital of Viet Nam that was born from water. With over one thousand years of history, water spaces have been existed in the city with rivers that created the main system and the organic development of the city. Nowadays, rapid urbanization and poor management of the city has threaten all water surfaces in environmental aspects : embankments, flood, open sewers, abandoned wasteland areas. The aim of the research includes two aspects : identifying problems and the roles of residents who control the water surfaces to find out solutions to restore and to improve the value of water surfaces in Hanoi. This thesis also clarifies the role and enhances the value of water in the setting and development of Hanoi capital city, to prove the importance of water in the management and urban planning of Vietnam in general and in Hanoi in particular. In addition, this thesis proposes urban scenarios that can better integrate water surfaces in the sustainable urbanization. Finally, the research also confirmed the hypothesis that the water is able to participate in the establishment and strengthening of specific urban identity
Tshinyama, Ntumba Albert. „Contribution à la promotion de la pisciculture intégrée de tilapia du Nil (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) par la valorisation des sous-produits agro-industriels et l'utilisation rationnelle des fertilisants animaux en République Démocratique du Congo“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34490.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNile tilapia is one of the fresh water fish species that is best suited for low-input fish farming in tropical climate to alleviate food insecurity. The use of integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA) is a preferred approach for the sustainable development of rural aquaculture. This study was carried to assess the effects of feed and animal fertilizers (pig manure and duck droppings) on the physico-chemical and microbiological water quality, primary productivity of ponds, safety and fish growth, enzymatic digestibility of plant ingredients, feeding behaviour and production cost of Nile tilapia. The results showed that fertilization has influenced the physico-chemical properties of pond water without affecting negatively its quality. The best growth performance was recorded in fish fed with a formulated feed and those reared in fertilized ponds. Fertilization has improved primary productivity, with diatoms largely represented by a relative abundance of Flagilaria spp, the dominant prey in the stomach content of tilapia. Pretreatment of animal faeces by sun-drying prior to use, reduced bacterial infections in the analyzed samples, whose muscle tissues were colonized only by very minor bacterial infections (4.9%), compared to intestines (10.8%) and water (13.0%). Although higher in the first four intestinal segments, proteolytic activity was generally low in tilapia. The presence of protease inhibitors has been demonstrated in plant ingredients, of which soybean meal has been more inhibitive. Finally, the production cost/kg offish was reduced with formulated feed (1.5 USD/kg) compared to commercial feed (2.3 USD/USD), and this cost was further reduced for fish reared in fertilized ponds (0.4 USD/kg)
Fourcroy, Elena. „Gouvernance territoriale pour l’anticipation et la résolution des conflits dans les projets de valorisation des digestats de méthanisation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2794.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe bioeconomy and the circular economy have recently gained a major place in the European Union policies on the ecological, energy and social transition. Supported by these public policies, the biogas sector has experienced a remarkable growth in recent years. Biogas production makes it possible to produce both gas from renewable resources, and digestate, a by-product which amending and fertilizing properties are useful for agriculture. The “return to the soil” of digestate is considered as a key element of the circularity of the biogas sector. However, numerous controversies remain over the environmental and health impacts of returning digestates to the soil, and conflicts related to the actual or supposed negative externalities of digestates negatively impact the development of the sector. We use a qualitative method, centred on the analysis of case studies, to explore this topic, about which the scientific literature remains very scarce. We try to understand, at first, the nature of these conflicts, and secondly, how territorial governance mechanisms can anticipate or solve these conflicts. Our results show that conflicts emerge around certain dimensions of the territorial capital: the preservation of the natural capital, the inadequacy of the infrastructural and equipment capital, and oppositions around the cultural capital. These conflicts often crystallize previous tense situations, at a local or regional scale. The activation of territorial proximity, at different spatial scales, local, regional and sub-regional, with the intervention, sometimes, of one or more public or private intermediaries, allows stakeholders to coordinate in order to: exchange information and better mobilize the territorial capital, produce and acquire new knowledge in the event of uncertainty about the impacts of digestates, and develop common political visions on the development of the sector
Rodrigues, Jérémy. „Analyse de cycle de vie intégrative de filières de production de biomasse à usage industriel par la valorisation de délaissés“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0321/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarginal materials and lands (brownfields, byproducts, inert wastes), the management of which causes significant environmental impacts, can be valorized through soil construction in order to grow nonfood biomass (e.g. fiber, energy). This may reduce their volume and increase use of renewable resources without direct or indirect competition with food crops or biodiversity. This thesis assesses the sustainability of such supply chains with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), considered one of the most pertinent existing methods. This thesis introduces indicators complementary to current use, in order to improve LCA’s exhaustivity and its taking into account of marginal lands’ specificities. It prioritizes impacts with respect to planetary boundaries (i.e. maximum impacts levels acceptable to avoid ecosystem disruption), average impacts in studied geographic context and added value of the supply chains. Most of these suggestions are applied to the study of a soil construction process using inert and organic wastes (LORVER). The high diversity of materials and alternative management strategies and the most certain tradeoffs and critical parameters are assessed combining uncertainty and multidimensional analysis tools. Constructed soil’s ability to stabilize carbon and pollutants is demonstrated to be its major condition for sustainability. For other impacts (ecosystem services, air quality, resources), LORVER is even less pertinent when the need for material transportation increases, and more importantly if those materials could have otherwise been used to replace commodities polluting to produce. These results highlight when LORVER can be seen as sustainable
Bensbaa, Abderrezak. „"Plan de gestion global d'un projet de conception et d'édification d'une entreprise industrielle, œuvrant dans le cadre de la logistique inverse" : étude de cas : recyclage et pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJubeau, Sébastien. „Application du concept de bioraffinerie à la valorisation de la microalgue Porphyridium cruentum“. Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiorefinery is the same methodology used in oil industry to separate each component of a biomass and to transform them into high value products. The microalga Porphyridium curentum is well referenced in the literature as a producer of many metabolites of interest like pigments (B-Phycoerythrin, zeaxanthin), ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and exopolysaccharides (EPS). We propose to apply the concept of biorefinery to P. Cruentum in order to produce different extracts of interest and so to make the biomass production profitable. We experimentally developed a process to produce and to separate the different fractions of P. Cruentum made of 4 main steps: cultivation and harvesting of the algae, cell disruption, separation of each biochemical family and purification of the latter. The optimization of culture conditions leads to a production of microalgae at the concentration of 2. 7g. L-1. Different cell destruction techniques have been tested such as high pressure cell disruption and freezing/thawing. Their impact on the molecules extracted has also been studied. A selective two-steps process has been developed to obtain pre-purified B-phycoerythrin extract. The purification of the latter has been tested by two different methods: the selective precipitation using ammonium sulfate and the tangential filtration on membrane. High purity levels (IP=3) have been reached using a filtration on polyethersulfone membrane (30kDa). 3 protocols have been developed and tested to promote the whole biomass
Ngambi, Jules Raymond. „Déchets solides ménagers de la ville de Yaoundé (Cameroun) : de la gestion linéaire vers une économie circulaire“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a bid to construe the issue of solid household waste management in Yaounde, two analytical frameworks were adopted. A linear management of waste based on strategies of collection, transportation, processing, dumping-ground for waste accumulation and a switch towards a circular economy. Since the overlapping of powers as well as the technical, management and organisational shortcomings stand originally as the root cause of environmental disparities, it hardly favours the public management of waste. This has entailed stakes and harm such as irregular dumping sites, open incineration, floods as well as waste related pathologies.Because of lapses in linear management, the authorities have decided to lay the foundations of a new system relying on the recycling of waste known internationally as “circular economy”. Circular economy is being developed in precise areas such as formal and informal recoveries, repair, reuse, buying and resale of waste, composting and recycling. Such a governmental strategy, supported by actors of the civil and private societies was concretised by the creation in 2010 of new sectors such as the project of methanisation in the dumping-ground of Nkol Foulou, the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment wastes. In addition, the adoption of a juridical framework of the waste economy followed in 2012. To sum up, it is evident that, as time goes by, the repairing activity is become so dynamic that there is a greater need to restructure it. However, people still have negative perception of waste that hinders the breakthrough of this area. Finally, it is compulsory to sensitize, inform and educate Yaounde city dwellers for the improvement of solid waste management in Cameroon
Moreni, Nicola. „Méthodes de Monte Carlo et valorisation d' options“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066626.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeisler, Emma. „Développement d'objets de qualité optique par photopolymérisation frontale“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MULH4947.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday, optical quality object fabrication, such as ophtalmic lenses, uses a mould process. Those moulds allow obtaining object named “semi-finished” or “finished” voluntarily oversized. Then, those are cut, machined and shaped in order to fit different eyeglasses corrections, and frames. 90% of the initial material used are wasted, and will be hardly recycled The additive manufacturing processes seem to be a good idea to avoid the waste production. This PhD thesis objective is to develop a new additive manufacturing process to obtain optical quality objects. With the good photopolymerization process, it is possible to manage a continuous polymerization front under an UV light beam. This study was organised into several separated parts. The first one is the study of the formulation, and the chemistry, to control the polymerization front propagation. The second one is the equation modelization of the front propagation, using a well-known equation in the additive manufacturing process field. Finally an applicative part describes the industrial problem starting with the optical quality description of the object, and the knowledge transfer on a semi-industrial irradiation system
Bergoin, Marjorie. „Application du concept de raffinage végétal au safran du Quercy (crocus sativus) pour la valorisation intégréee des potentiels aromatiques et colorants“. Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04582060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe characterization of stigmas volatiles has allowed gaining further insight into the aroma of saffron. The specificity of saffron from the Quercy area has been demonstrated. The main volatile compound of fresh stigmas is linalool. High moisture content induces an increase of HTCC and safranal (spicy note), a loss of colour and the formation of 3-methylbutanoic acid (animal note). The molecular potential of bulbs, leaves and flowers has been evaluated to suggest novel utilisation strategies for the by-products of saffron cultivation. Bulbs contain a high amount of starch and their lipid fraction is rich in omega 6 fatty acids. Concretes from flowers and leaves give "honey" (2-phenylethanol) and "green" notes. Carotenoïds from flowers and leaves were identified as C40H56O4 and C40H56O2 xanthophylls, esterified by fatty acids in the case of flowers. The extraction of aromatic and colouring molecules has been successfully tested at pilot scale
He, Junkai. „Effective models and methods for stochastic disassembly line problems“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASE009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStudying the disassembly of End-of-Life (EOL) products under uncertainty is becoming a hot research topic due to its benefits in reducing waste, saving non-renewable resources, and protecting the environment. Existing disassembly line works assume that stochastic information can be estimated as probability distributions or functions and most of them focus on stochastic disassembly line balancing problems. However, it is not always possible to obtain complete stochastic information due to a lack of historical data or excessive data volume, and the integrated disassembly line problem has been rarely addressed. In this thesis, four novel stochastic disassembly line problems with only partial stochastic information are investigated. The purpose is to propose effective models and solution methods for the considered problems. The main works of this thesis are:Firstly, a new stochastic disassembly line balancing problem (SDLBP) is studied to minimize the disassembly line cost under stochastic task processing times, given only the mean, standard deviation, and change-rate upper bound. For the problem, a chance-constrained model is first formulated, which is further approximately transformed into a distribution-free model by property analysis. Then, a fast heuristic is devised to solve the transformed model. Experimental results demonstrate that the distribution-free model can effectively solve the SDLBP with only partial stochastic information.In most existing literature, the cycle time that represents the maximum completion time among workstations is given. However, the disassembly line cost and cycle time are two conflicting performance criteria and impact mutually. In this thesis, a new bi-objective distribution-free SDLBP is studied to minimize the disassembly line cost and cycle time, where partial information of task processing times is required. For the problem, a bi-objective distribution-free model is constructed, and an improved ε-constraint method is designed. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method can reduce more than 90% computation rounds, compared with the basic ε-constraint method.Disassembly lines may generate pollution during separating EOL products, but this factor has not been considered in the previous SDLBP works. In this thesis, we study a new green-oriented distribution-free SDLBP to minimize the disassembly line cost and pollution emission simultaneously, in which workstations with different purchase prices can have different amounts of pollution emissions. For the problem, a new bi-objective model is formulated and a problem-specific ε-constraint method is devised. Experimental results show that selecting appropriately workstations can effectively reduce the pollution emission of a disassembly line. Besides, some managerial insights are discussed.The integrated optimization of disassembly line balancing and planning may enhance the efficiency of the disassembly system and reduce its expenses, which has not been studied before. In this thesis, an integrated stochastic disassembly line balancing and planning problem (ISDLBPP) is addressed to minimize the overall system cost, where component demands and component yield ratios are assumed to be uncertain. For the problem, a two-stage stochastic programming model is established and valid inequalities are devised to reduce the search space. Then, the sample average approximation (SAA) method and the L-shaped method are applied to solve the model. Numerical experiments show that the L-shaped method can save more than 60% computation time than the SAA method, without sacrificing solution quality
Marsat, Jean-Bernard. „Valorisation et gestion des aménités naturelles : Comment construire des stratégies d'alliance entre acteurs d'environnement et acteurs du tourisme ?“ Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004693.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZenou, Emmanuel. „Comment intégrer la valeur créée par le dirigeant dans la valeur créée par l'entreprise? : contribution à la connaissance de la valorisation du dirigeant : une application sur le marché français“. Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDjouab, Amrane. „Contribution à la réduction de l'impact environnemental du perméat de lactosérum via sa valorisation intégrale par un procédé d'électro-activation en solution : preuve du concept et analyse de la qualité du produit“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35720.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the present thesis was the development of a new process in view to the integral valorization of whey permeate (WP) which have a serious negative environmental impact due to it high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD, CDO) (COD). For this, WP was valorized through in situ isomerisation of it lactose into the prebiotic lactulose using electro-activation technology as a new approach without any upstream and/or downstream fractionation. Firstly, the best conditions of the isomerisation of lactose into lactulose using WP as a cheap lactose source were determined. The effect of electric current intensity and salt (CaCl2, KCl and MgCl2) on the amount of lactose conversion into lactulose by using WP (6 %, wt) and pure lactose (5 %, wt) solutions was studied. Lactose was converted into lactulose at a level of 35.1% when KCl, current intensity of 330 mA during 21 min of electro-activation were applied to WP; and 38.66% when KCl, current intensity of 330 mA during 14 min were applied to lactose solution. The use of WP in both the central and cathodic compartments without addition of salt yielded 39.78% lactulose after 35 min of electro-activation at 330 mA. Scanning electron microscopy and calculation of the global electrical resistance of the reactor did not reveal any membrane fouling. Secondly, the cathodic electro-activated solutions obtained with a high lactulose yield and induced Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were submitted to spray drying at three temperatures (160, 180 and 200 °C) and their antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated. For this purpose, the AA was evaluated by the DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, ABTS•+ Radical scavenging assay and iron chelating capacity. The effect of the drying temperature on the AA of the EAWP was also evaluated. The obtained data demonstrated that electro-activation significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the AA of WP and that this AA was mainly due to the intermediate MRPs, as shown by the highest absorbance at 294 nm. Moreover, the results showed that the drying temperature significantly influenced the AA of EAWP. Finally, the effect of the obtained EAWP powder (EAWPP) concentration (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%, wt/wt) on lipid oxidation and color stability of chilled minced beef stored at 4°C for 17 days was investigated. The minced beef lipid oxidation and appearance were evaluated through measurement of primary (acid value (AV) and peroxide values (PV)) and secondary oxidation products (thiobarbutiric acid reactive substances, TBARS), together with measurement of color in the CIELAB system at 0, 1, 2, 3, 10 and 17 days. Results demonstrate that the EAWPP act as an effective antioxidant on lipid meat. The AV, PV and TBARS analysis demonstrate that the chilled minced beef added with the EAWPP inhibited the lipid oxidation compared to the control. This finding was also confirmed by the fatty acid analysis of the lipid fraction. In addition, the color stability was saved when EAWPP was added. In conclusion, the proposed process can, on one hand, solve the environmental problem of WP by transforming it from a pollutant by product into a high value added ingredient having prebiotic and antioxidant properties and, on the other hand, it constitutes a possible alternative to the chemical synthesis of lactulose thus reducing its negative environmental impact.
Silva, Vargas Karen Zulay. „Mise à l'échelle de la synthèse d'alcool allylique à partir de Glycérol“. Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllyl Alcohol is an interesting platform molecule due to its broad range of applications. The Deoxydehydration (DODH) of glycerol seems currently the most competitive method to synthesize allyl alcohol from renewable sources. However, so far, this reaction has been only marginally investigated. The aim of this thesis was to develop an integrated production process of allyl alcohol via DODH of glycerol using a secondary alcohol as solvent-reductant. The catalyst development was carried out using ceria-supported rhenium oxide catalyst. Mesoporous ceria materials were synthetized via a nanocasting process using SiO2 and activated carbon as hard templates, giving excellent yields of up to 86%, using a 2-Hexanol or MIBC as a hydrogen donor and solvent. With respect to the process development, isobaric vapor liquid equilibrium data were determined for main binary systems in order to model the distillation column. The experimental VLE data was successfully fitted using NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson thermodynamic model. Finally, the integrated process modelling was carried out based on the experimental results and proposing different scenarios depending on the used solvent. All the proposed strategies allowed to obtain an allyl alcohol purity of 99.99%. In any scenario, the MIBC process proved to be a feasible strategy from a technical point of view, which could potentially be used as starting point for the development of a large scale DODH process
Coviello, Rosanna. „Calcul stochastique via régularisation et applications financières“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121525.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous fournissons des exemples de portefeuilles autofinancés et introduisons une notion de A-martingale. Un calcul relatif à celle-ci est développé. La condition de non-arbitrage parmi toutes les stratégies dans A est récupérée si le processus des prix de l'actif risqué est une A-martingale.
Nous abordons le problème de la viabilité du marché, de la couverture et de la maximisation de l'utilité de la richesse terminale.
La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'une équation différentielle stochastique unidimensionnelle dirigée par une semimartingale mélangée à un processus à variation cubique finie.
Nous proposons une méthode qui repose sur une transformation réduisant le coefficient de diffusion à 1.
Le développement de la méthode utilisée nous conduit à des résultats significatifs dans l'analyse du calcul via régularisation.
En particulier, une formule de type Ito-Wentzell relative aux processus à variation cubique finie est
établie et la structure des processus weak-Dirichlet par rapport à la filtration brownienne est clarifiée.
Nous démontrons, par une approche similaire, l'existence et l'unicité d'une équation dirigée par un processus hölder-continu dans l'espace. En utilisant une formule d'Ito pour les semimartingales réversibles nous prouvons l'existence d'une solution lorsque le processus dirigeant l'équation est le mouvement brownien et le coefficient de diffusion est juste continu
Coviello, Rosanna. „Calcul stochastique via régularisation et applications financières“. Phd thesis, Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous fournissons des exemples de portefeuilles autofinancés et introduisons une notion de A-martingale. Un calcul relatif à celle-ci est développé. La condition de non-arbitrage parmi toutes les stratégies dans A est récupérée si le processus des prix de l'actif risqué est une A-martingale.
Nous abordons le problème de la viabilité du marché, de la couverture et de la maximisation de l'utilité de la richesse terminale.
La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'une équation différentielle stochastique unidimensionnelle dirigée par une semimartingale mélangée à un processus à variation cubique finie.
Nous proposons une méthode qui repose sur une transformation réduisant le coefficient de diffusion à 1.
Le développement de la méthode utilisée nous conduit à des résultats significatifs dans l'analyse du calcul via régularisation.
En particulier, une formule de type Ito-Wentzell relative aux processus à variation cubique finie est
établie et la structure des processus weak-Dirichlet par rapport à la filtration brownienne est clarifiée.
Nous démontrons, par une approche similaire, l'existence et l'unicité d'une équation dirigée par un processus hölder-continu dans l'espace. En utilisant une formule d'Ito pour les semimartingales réversibles nous prouvons l'existence d'une solution lorsque le processus dirigeant l'équation est le mouvement brownien et le coefficient de diffusion est juste continu
Lafond, Jacynthe. „La fixation irréversible des métaux par la fraction silto organique des sédiments de dragage de la rivière Richelieu, Sorel-Tracy, Québec“. Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2823/1/M11311.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBergoin, Marjorie. „Application du concept de raffinage végétal au safran du Quercy (Crocus sativus) pour la valorisation intégrée des potentiels aromatiques et colorants“. Phd thesis, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7433/1/bergoin.pdf.
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