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1
Lanneau, Régis. „Repenser le droit des contrats administratifs avec l’analyse économique“. Revue de la recherche juridique, Nr. 2 (27.03.2024): 933–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rjj.197.0933.
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Le droit des contrats administratifs est un droit exorbitant du droit commun. Le contrat administratif est ainsi soumis au respect de certaines règles de passation et les conditions de son exécution peuvent différer du droit des contrats privés. Si ces règles sont connues, force est de constater que la doctrine administrativiste ne semble pas les faire découler d’un principe unique. Dans cette contribution, il s’agira de montrer que le critère du risque de gaspillage des deniers publics, qui découle d’une analyse économique traditionnelle, est susceptible d’expliquer les spécificités du droit des contrats administratifs.
2
Li, Yingyi. „Le nouveau droit chinois des contrats : dans une perspective comparative“. Revue internationale de droit comparé 71, Nr. 4 (2019): 983–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2019.21186.
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Avec l’adoption du Code civil chinois, le droit chinois des contrats est confronté à la réforme de son régime juridique. Le texte le plus récent du projet publié après la deuxième lecture à l’Assemblée populaire nationale apparait plus comme une compilation qu’une réforme, en coordonnant la loi de 1999 sur les contrats avec les interprétations judiciaires publiées par la Cour populaire suprême pendant les 20 dernières années, mais sans toucher au plan général et à l’ordre des règles. Cependant, il existe des caractéristiques intéressantes dans une perspective comparative telles que l’absence de régime général des obligations qui est essentiel pour un code civil suivant la tradition du droit continental, l’annulation des règles sur la validité de contrats qui mélange celle-ci et la validité des actes juridiques, l’addition de quatre nouveaux contrats spéciaux ce qui rend ce titre plus redondant et détaillé avec ses 19 types de contrats, et la compétence des juges du fond qui reste encore confuse. Ainsi l’impact du nouveau droit des contrats restera à vérifier avec attention au fil du temps.
3
Kirat, Thierry. „L'allocation des risques dans les contrats : de l'économie des contrats « incomplets » à la pratique des contrats administratifs“. Revue internationale de droit économique XVII, 1, Nr. 1 (2003): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ride.171.0011.
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4
Dahham, Mohammed Waheed. „أركان العقد الإداري وشروط صحته دراسة مقارنة“. Twejer 3, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2020): 707–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2033.19.
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The administrative contract is the tool used by the administration to maintain the continuity of the public facility and its steady progress in order to meet the needs of citizens, in way would achieve the public interest. The administrative contract consists of procedures paving the way for its conclusion, represented by the administrative decisions issued by this department with the public authority it has in accordance with the laws and regulations. These decisions are part of and component of the administrative contract. Therefore, the elements of the administrative contract are; that the public authority is one of its parties, the contract relates to a public facility service, and the contract should be subject to public law. However, the conditions of validity of the contract are; the administration shall abide by the laws and regulations in selecting the contractor, the administrative contract includes contractual and regulatory provisions and, and the public person has a generic feature throughout the life of an administrative contract. Key words; administrative law, administrative decision, elements of administrative law, conditions of validity of administrative contract, legal system of administrative law, conclusion of the administrative contract
5
Laurie, Frédéric. „Les marchés de communication sont-ils tous des contrats administratifs ?“ LEGICOM 31, Nr. 2 (2004): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/legi.031.0035.
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Guiheux, Gilles. „La mise en concurrence et transparence des contrats administratifs français : entre novation et tradition“. Colloque : L'État en marche, transparence et reddition de comptes 36, Nr. 4 (31.10.2014): 785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027171ar.
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La passation des contrats des collectivités publiques françaises a toujours été soumise à des règles spécifiques. Produit des traditions politiques et juridiques françaises, le droit des contrats publics déroge au droit commun. L’exemple des marchés publics est topique. Le droit français des marchés publics est actuellement en pleine mutation, particulièrement sous l’influence du droit européen et le souci des pouvoirs publics de mieux contrôler le bon emploi des deniers publics. C’est pourquoi deux grandes réformes ont été engagées ces dernières années. L’une a consisté à reformuler les droits des opérateurs en essayant de supprimer toute forme de discrimination dans le droit de la commande publique. L’autre a cherché à sanctionner de manière plus efficace les dévoiements constatés. La législation pénale et les contrôles administratifs ont été renforcés.
7
Sayed, Abdulhay. „La présomption de validité des contrats dans l’arbitrage commercial international“. ASA Bulletin 20, Issue 4 (01.12.2002): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2003004.
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Laazouzi, Malik. „L’impérativité, l’arbitrage international des contrats administratifs et le conflit de lois“. Revue critique de droit international privé N° 4, Nr. 4 (01.10.2010): 653–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rcdip.104.0653.
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9
D’Aoust, Claude. „L’arrêt Maribro : un changement de cap de la Cour d’appel“. Revue générale de droit 23, Nr. 4 (07.03.2019): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1057026ar.
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Dans ce commentaire, l’auteur analyse un arrêt de la Cour d’appel, confirmant la décision de la Cour supérieure, et qui renverse un arrêt de principe datant de 1978. En reconnaissant la compétence arbitrale pour juger du renvoi pour « fausses déclarations à l’embauchage », notre Cour d’appel s’aligne sur l’approche des provinces de common law. La Cour supérieure en avait fait un cas d’espèce, s’appuyant sur le libellé de la clause conventionnelle applicable. Mais en un second temps (et en obiter), l’honorable juge Lévesque généralisait sa motivation dans la foulée de la jurisprudence récente de la Cour suprême du Canada sur la doctrine de la déférence judiciaire envers les tribunaux administratifs. Mais la Cour d’appel attaque plutôt le problème de plein fouet, affirmant que l’ancienne règle n’est plus adéquate, à la lumière des directives de la Cour suprême. Après une revue de la jurisprudence, la Cour déclare qu’en présence d’une convention collective, il n’y a plus d’entente individuelle qui tienne et donc que l’arbitre, ex post factum a compétence pour juger de la validité de la formation du contrat individuel de travail initial qui avait placé le salarié sous l’empire de la convention collective. Bien que cette approche ne soit pas nouvelle, il est à se demander s’il était nécessaire, voire opportun, d’aller jusque là pour disposer du litige. Car en mettant le point final à la discussion sur la coexistence du contrat individuel et de la convention collective, la Cour a peut-être ouvert une boîte de Pandore. En effet, le droit disciplinaire et non disciplinaire du travail fait constamment appel aux droits et obligations nés du contrat individuel de travail, le plus souvent implicitement. Le contrat de travail évanoui, par quoi le remplacera-t-on ? L’auteur est d’avis que la jurisprudence et la doctrine construites à ce jour prendront le Orelais. Les règles subsisteront; le fondement et l’explication devront en être raffermis à partir de l’acquis du passé. Il est également à prévoir que les chefs d’entreprises seront plus enclins à édicter ou négocier des règlements intérieurs mieux structurés que la plupart de ceux qu’on rencontre de nos jours.
10
Tetley, William. „The Himalaya Clause, “stipulation pour autrui”. Non-Responsibility Clauses and Gross Negligence under the Civil Code“. Les Cahiers de droit 20, Nr. 3 (12.04.2005): 449–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042325ar.
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L'imputation de la responsabilité des pertes et dommages subis par la cargaison des navires dans les ports québécois est une question non encore tranchée. Le problème se complique du fait de l'introduction, dans la plupart des contrats de transport maritime international par connaissement, de la clause dite « Himalaya ». Cette clause représente à peu près en common law l'équivalent de la stipulation pour autrui. La validité de ces clauses a souvent été contestée avec succès devant les tribunaux de plusieurs pays, notamment de Grande-Bretagne, des États-Unis et du Canada. Par ailleurs, en droit civil, si la stipulation pour autrui est admise, ce n'est qu'à titre d'exception et sous des conditions très précises. L'auteur recense la jurisprudence des pays de common law relativement à la clause Himalaya, et examine ensuite la validité de cette clause en droit civil à titre de stipulation pour autrui. Il traite également du contrat de porte fort, et de la validité des clauses de non-responsabilité en cas de faute lourde. Enfin, il analyse cinq décisions québécoises récentes, ainsi qu'une importante décision de la High Court australienne.
11
Martins, Thomas Passos. „L’inversion des principes du contrat administratif“. A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional 17, Nr. 69 (01.07.2017): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21056/aec.v17i69.491.
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Cet article vise à nuancer le postulat traditionnel selon lequel le contrat administratif serait le siège privilégié d’une égalité profitant à l’administration, par opposition à un contrat civil tenu pour un parangon d’égalité. L’examen du droit des contrats administratifs révèle en effet que l’exorbitance peut également se traduire par des sujétions qui s’imposent à l’administration contractante ainsi que par des droits exorbitants octroyés au cocontractant. D’autre part, il convient de souligner que la mutabilité peut se manifester sous une autre forme que la modification unilatérale et ainsi favoriser l’égalité. C’est notamment le cas de l’imprévision fondée sur le droit à l’équilibre financier. Par ailleurs, il importe de rappeler que c’est un besoin grandissant d’équité et de justice contractuelle qui explique l’évolution récente de la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation à admettre la théorie de l’imprévision dans le cadre des relations entre particuliers, atténuant ainsi l’opposition classique entre contrats administratif et privé.
12
Garant, Patrice. „Qui contrôle la constitutionnalité des lois, les cours supérieures ou les tribunaux administratifs?“ Les Cahiers de droit 30, Nr. 1 (12.04.2005): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042940ar.
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L'art. 52 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 consacre la suprématie de la Constitution, dont fait partie la Charte, mais ne dit pas qui statuera sur la validité des lois inconstitutionnelles ou contraires à cette Charte. Le contrôle de la constitutionnalité appartient-il en exclusivité aux cours supérieures, héritières des cours royales de common law, ou à tout tribunal inférieur, y compris les tribunaux administratifs de toute catégorie. La question est actuellement débattue devant la Cour fédérale d'appel. Il existe deux thèses qui s'opposent. Il importe de les étudier à la lumière des principes fondamentaux de notre droit constitutionnel, notamment celui de la séparation des pouvoirs.
13
Brochu, Pierre. „Le régime juridique du contrat d'approvisionnement et d'aménagement forestier“. Les Cahiers de droit 31, Nr. 3 (12.04.2005): 731–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043036ar.
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En décembre 1986, le Gouvernement du Québec adoptait la Loi sur les Forêts pour remplacer le régime des concessions forestières par un contrat administratif (le CAAF) qui tente d'allier pérennité de la ressource et approvisionnement adéquat de l'industrie. Dans un premier temps, l'auteur trace l'histoire législative de la gestion des forêts du Québec ; il souligne les forces et faiblesses des régimes précédents et présente le régime actuel comme étant une fusion améliorée des modes de gestion qui l'ont précédé. Dans un deuxième temps, l'auteur s'inspire des principes généraux applicables aux contrats administratifs pour analyser ce nouveau contrat.
14
Almajali, Mohmmad Husien, Mohammad Basheer Arabyat, Faisal Tayel Alqudah und Mohamed F. Ghazwi. „Cases of Nullity of Administrative Contract Compared to Civil Contract under the Jordanian Legislation“. International Journal of Religion 5, Nr. 1 (09.02.2024): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/hd5yz160.
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This article examines the degree of effect of the theory of nullity in Jordanian civil law on administrative and civil contracts and the utmost key cases of nullity of the administrative contract as compared to civil contract. The descriptive and analytical research approach is adapted to achieve the research objectives. In carrying out its activity, the administration resorts to several diverse and numerous means and actions, and these actions may be physical or legal actions. Legal actions may be unilateral actions, which are called administrative decisions, or they may be two-sided, meaning an agreement, which is what, is called contracts, whether these contracts are concluded between persons of public law and between a person of public law and one of the persons of private law. The administrative contract does not differ in its work from other contracts if it is concluded by simply exchanging the expression of their wills between the two parties, taking into account the specific conditions stipulated by the law for its conclusion. In its formation, it is necessary that its pillars be present, which are the administration element, the place element, and the cause element. It is also necessary that the conditions for its validity be met, which is that the will of its two parties is free from any defects of consent that may taint it. Towards the end, results and recommendations are properly incorporated.
15
Valdés, Manuel T., und Miguel Requena. „Date de référence pour l’entrée à l’école et calendrier des naissances : aucune preuve de décalage en Espagne“. Population Vol. 78, Nr. 2 (20.11.2023): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.2302.0301.
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La date de référence du début de la scolarité des enfants peut inciter les parents à avancer ou à retarder la naissance lorsqu’elle s’approche de cette date. La recherche a mis en évidence cette pratique dans les pays asiatiques aux systèmes éducatifs très compétitifs. Notre analyse d’une base de données exhaustive constituée à partir de registres administratifs ne révèle aucune preuve de ce phénomène en Espagne. La stratification de l’échantillon en fonction du niveau d’études et du pays de naissance de la mère confirme la validité de nos résultats. Ces conclusions différencient les contextes européens et asiatiques. Elles procurent également une base empirique solide aux travaux qui utilisent la méthode de régression sur discontinuité en faisant l’hypothèse du caractère aléatoire des naissances autour de la date de référence pour l’entrée dans la scolarité.
16
Karim, Vincent. „L'ordre public en droit économique : contrats, concurrence, consommation“. Les Cahiers de droit 40, Nr. 2 (12.04.2005): 403–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043548ar.
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Malgré les efforts déployés par le législateur lors de la réforme du Code civil du Québec, la notion d'ordre public demeure vague, floue et difficile à définir en des termes précis. La disparition de la notion de bonnes moeurs n'a pas en effet réglé toutes les questions controversées soulevées sous l'empire de l'ancien Code civil ni dissipé toute la confusion qui régnait. Certaines questions se posent toujours relativement à la distinction entre l'ordre public de direction et l'ordre public de protection, entre l'ordre public économique et l’ordre public politique et social, ainsi qu'au sujet des sanctions applicables en cas de violation d'une disposition d'ordre public en vigueur au moment de la formation du contrat ou d'une disposition qui prend effet alors que le contrat est déjà formé et en cours d'exécution. Les nouvelles dispositions traitant de l'ordre public, malgré leur multiplication et leur précision, n'apportent pas de réponses claires quant à leur applicabilité rétroactive, quant aux effets particuliers qu'engendre la nullité absolue qui frappe un contrat fait en violation de ces dispositions, ni quant aux conditions de la validité d'une renonciation à une règle d'ordre public. La doctrine et les tribunaux conservent leur rôle traditionnel, leur intervention étant toujours requise pour clarifier certaines ambiguïtés persistantes et pour répondre à certaines interrogations qui surgissent dans des situations tout à fait exceptionnelles et imprévisibles à la suite de la réforme du Code civil du Québec.
17
GORDO CANO, DIANA. „Desafíos y soluciones para la efectiva incorporacion de cláusulas sociales a la contratación pública“. RVAP 127, Nr. 127 (01.12.2023): 63–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.127.2023.02.
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El trabajo analiza la importancia de la compra socialmente responsable
desde la perspectiva práctica de la validez de los contratos en que se incorpora.
En particular, se trata de analizar el impacto que la inclusión de cláusulas o
criterios sociales van a tener en estos contratos y se ofrecen pautas prácticas para
incluirlas según la fase del contrato en la que se introduzcan. Se estudian especialmente
las limitaciones que los tribunales administrativos de recursos contractuales
imponen a estas cláusulas y la inseguridad que se ha generado, así como
propuestas de solución al respecto. Sozialki arduratsua den erosketaren garrantzia aztertzen du lan
honek, ikuspegi praktiko hau oinarri hartuta: erosketa mota hori txertatzen duten
kontratuen baliozkotasuna. Zehazki, kontratu horietan klausula edo irizpide
sozialak txertatzeak zer eragin izango duen aztertu nahi da, eta horiek txertatzeko
jarraibide praktikoak eskaintzen dira, kontratuaren zein fasetan sartuko diren
kontuan hartuta. Kontratu-errekurtsoen administrazio auzitegiek klausula horiei
ezartzen dizkieten mugak eta sortu den segurtasun eza aztertu dira bereziki, eta
konponbide-proposamen batzuk eskaintzen dira. The paper analyzes the importance of socially responsible public
procurement from the practical perspective of the validity of the contracts in
which they are incorporated. In particular, the aim is to analyze the impact that
the inclusion of social clauses or criteria shall have on these contracts and there
are provided practical guidelines for their inclusion depending on the stage of
the contract at which they are introduced. In particular, the limitations imposed
on these clauses by the administrative tribunals for contractual remedies and the
uncertainty that has arisen, as well as proposed solutions, are examined.
18
Garant, Patrice. „La Cour du Québec et la justice administrative“. Les Cahiers de droit 53, Nr. 2 (13.06.2012): 229–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009442ar.
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La Cour du Québec est aujourd’hui une juridiction impressionnante par l’ampleur et la diversité de ses attributions en matière tant civile que criminelle et pénale, mais aussi dans des matières de droit administratif ou qui ont un aspect de droit administratif. Quelle est la vocation véritable de cette cour ? Récemment une division administrative et d’appel a été créée. Il y a une controverse au sujet de la signification de l’appel à cette cour civile qui n’est pas une cour supérieure… Il y a eu plusieurs tournants décisifs dans l’histoire contemporaine de cette cour. En 1965, la jurisprudence a permis un élargissement considérable de sa juridiction civile, ce qui a inclus des matières comme les contrats administratifs ou la responsabilité civile de l’Administration. Par contre, en 1972 la Cour suprême du Canada a amputé la Cour du Québec d’une de ses attributions traditionnelles en droit municipal, soit la contestation des règlements municipaux pour cause d’illégalité. Le rôle spécifique de la Cour du Québec comme instance d’appel en droit administratif a été étudié dans le rapport Dussault en 1970, le livre blanc de 1975, le rapport Ouellette en 1987 et le rapport Garant en 1994. Au cours de la décennie 70, le législateur continuera de créer des droits d’appel à la Cour, mais surtout il crée d’importants tribunaux administratifs d’appel, tels que le Tribunal du travail, le Tribunal des transports ou le Tribunal des professions où il fait siéger les juges de la Cour. La Cour est devenue la plus imposante institution judiciaire au Québec : 270 postes de juges réguliers et 33 postes de juges de paix magistrats. Depuis les années 60, la Cour a bénéficié d’un parti pris très favorable de la part du législateur québécois. En 1996-1997, la Cour a été amputée de certaines juridictions d’appel au profit du Tribunal administratif du Québec, mais elle est restée un important tribunal d’appel dans des domaines variés : expropriation, impôt sur le revenu, fiscalité municipale, contentieux électoral, territoire agricole, déontologie policière, logement, accès à l’information… ; elle entend des contestations provenant de plusieurs tribunaux administratifs. Or la grande question de l’heure est de préciser la portée de ce contrôle judiciaire par comparaison avec celui de la Cour supérieure…
19
Peng, Sha. „Invalidity of Contracts in Violation of Mandatory Provisions of Public Law: Judicial Practice in China“. Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 5, Nr. 2 (30.11.2023): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v5i2.35.
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Researchers have always favored how mandatory provisions of public law affect the validity of contracts. After the implementation of China's Civil Law, how to recognize the invalidity of contracts that violate the mandatory provisions of public law has also been hotly debated by the theoretical and practical circles. From the perspective of the Civil Law, which fully respects the concept of private law autonomy, and from the perspective of assuming the validity of a contract as a prerequisite for the application of the law in practice, a contract that violates the mandatory provisions of public law shall, in principle, be presumed to be valid. In determining whether a contract that violates the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations is null and void, it is necessary to carefully analyze whether the legislative purpose of the mandatory provisions will lead to the nullity of the contract, and at the same time, pay attention to the distinction between the mandatory provisions that result in the nullity of the contract and those that result in the contract not coming into effect, being of pending validity, or being voidable. Contracts that violate the mandatory provisions of local laws and regulations or administrative rules may be invalid because they violate public order and morals, but they are not invalid because they are "against the law".
20
Armijo, Jorge. „Andrée LAJOIE, Contrats administratifs: jalons pour une théorie, Montréal, Les Éditions Thémis, 1984, 242 p., ISBN 2-920376-44-6.“ Les Cahiers de droit 28, Nr. 1 (1987): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042810ar.
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Henry Aspan. „STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DALAM MENEKAN WANPRESTASI DALAM PENGADAAN KAPAL“. Public Service and Governance Journal 4, Nr. 1 (30.05.2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/psgj.v4i1.809.
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The sale and purchase of ships carried out by institutions with Indonesian citizenship and foreign countries must pay attention to various basic principles regulated by the government. These basic principles are used and must be established for the preparation of a contract so that the parties avoid things that can harm both the seller and the buyer in terms of administration in government. The administration of buying and selling ships is included in the class of buying and selling goods whose legality of ownership must be in accordance with the standards set by the government. When buying and selling or procurement contracts are regulated based on international private law which contains several theories related to the preparation of an agreement or contract. If a ship purchase agreement does not fulfill one of the administrative elements set by the government, the agreement is considered invalid or canceled. The validity of an agreement that has been made by the parties according to Gunawan Wijaja, namely the agreement must contain validity, both the validity of which is questioned by one of the parties or other matters. In implementing the sale and purchase agreement of ships between Indonesia and foreign countries, it must be by the provisions of the sale and purchase agreement that has been determined, which can refer to agreements in international private law. It is hoped that the government of both Indonesia and foreign countries can make a wise decision in determining the cancellation of an agreement by examining or exploring further the causes of the cancellation of the sale and purchase agreement.
22
Mockle, Daniel. „Andrée Lajoie, Contrats administratifs : jalons pour une théorie, Centre de recherche en droit public, Montréal, Les Éditions Thémis, 1984, 242 pages“. Revue générale de droit 17, Nr. 3 (1986): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059263ar.
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Kang, Ji Eun. „A study on conflict of interest in the process of concluding a public procurement contract: Focusing on recent French case law issues“. Korea Association for Corruption Studies 28, Nr. 3 (30.09.2023): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52663/kcsr.2023.28.3.161.
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The Act on the Prevention of Conflict of Interest prohibits public officials from pursuing private interests in connection with the performance of their duties. The Act aims to ensure fair performance of duties, and to secure the public's trust in public administration. It was enacted and went into effect on May 19, 2022. It is not easy to find precedents in comparative law for regulations regarding conflict of interest situations. In particular, defining and determining the scope of conflict of interest involves evaluation and judgment on very comprehensive issues, such as procurement contracts. Conflicts of interest in public procurement are an area in which violations of public official duties, criminal punishment, administrative sanctions, civil suits for damages, and issues of contract validity can be complexly connected, and a systematic review of legal principles related laws and regulations.
In France, regulations on conflict of interest were established relatively late, but judgements established a specific precedent for conflict of interest in the area of procurement contracts. Administrative court's strong will to comply with the principle of open and fair competition was revealed in that it confirmed that if a conflict of interest is recognized through judgement, it can lead to termination of concluded contract. French law cases can give a reference in relation to case analysis and precedent issues regarding the situations of conflict of interest. This paper examine French regulations on conflicts of interest focusing on public procurement contracts, and discuss the resolution of legal disputes regarding compliance with the obligation to open and fair competition in the process of concluding public procurement contracts.
24
Bakulina, Irina, und Dmitry Kirillov. „Ban on Sham in Administrative Law: Problems of Validity“. Legal Concept, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2022): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2022.4.13.
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Introduction: in 2016, administrative liability was introduced for violating the ban on the registration of sham accounting objects in the accounting registers, including sham transactions (hereinafter, referred to as the “ban on sham”). For more than five years, these elements have not found any targeted analytical understanding in the professional scientific and legal books, nor reflected in the practice of administrative offenses. Meanwhile, the “ban on sham” creates problems, preventing bona fide organizations from implementing the principle of freedom of contract, forcing them to distort their will in the form of refusing to conclude unnamed contracts, simplifying business relations, incurring the costs of auditing sham, etc. These circumstances have predetermined the purpose of the study – to identify the reasons for the lack of reaction of legal science and practice to the “ban on sham”, to assess its validity. Methods: dialectics, conceptual analysis, and the comparative legal method. Results: the common reasons for inattention to the “ban on sham” are the mega-branch, and therefore, unclear for most legal scholars, nature of the basic concept of “sham accounting objects”; the complexity of proving violations of the “ban on sham”. Special reasons for such inattention are the contradiction between the absence of a ban on sham transactions and the punishability of actions to include transactions in the accounting registers; the identification of sham transactions and sham accounting objects in the legislative documentation; the possibility of qualifying violations of the “ban on sham” by related sets of facts. The legal groundlessness of the introduction of the “ban on sham” is shown. An approach to the correction of the legislation is proposed. The scope of application of the results is administrative, financial, civil, constitutional law, legal research, law enforcement, and lawmaking. Conclusions: the amendments to the legislation on accounting and the abolition of the “ban on sham” are required.
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Buzescu, Gheorghe. „Procedure of public acquirement“. Ars Aequi 12 (13.04.2023): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/10.1234/arsaequi.12.1.242.
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The public procurement contract is an administrative contract, that is, an "agreement of will between a public authority in a position of legal superiority, on the one hand, and other legal subjects, on the other hand, through which the satisfaction of an interest is sought generally, by providing a public service, carrying out a public work or enhancing the value of a public good, subject to a regime of public power.The legal regime applicable to administrative contracts borrows certain characters from private law (e.g. validity conditions) but is distinguished by two essential elements: on the one hand the inequality of the parties and, on the other hand, the fact that the authority does not have a freedom of will similar to the contractual relationship in private law.
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Mediawati, Noor Fatimah. „KEABSAHAN KONTRAK SISTEM ADMINISTRASI BADAN HUKUM“. JKMP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik) 1, Nr. 1 (07.11.2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jkmp.v1i1.430.
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Legal administrative system (sisminbakum) imposed on the environment directorate general of general legal administration (Ditjen AHU) in order to improve the function of legal services by utilizing a computer or website, such as request for approval of the company. This step is taken to overcome the inertia of the manual system. Sisminbakum service users must pay a non-tax revenues (PNBP), also must pay of charge access fees. It is the origin of alleged corruption by all relevant parties. This article explores the validity of the contract includes an agreement (contract Sisminbakum), with the assumption that if the contract is proven valid, this is not worthy of the parties concerned in it jailed. This can be understood that a contract law as the law-makers.
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Zhan, Su. „Environnement juridique et développement du secteur privé en Chine“. Les Cahiers de droit 37, Nr. 3 (12.04.2005): 777–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043408ar.
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Ce texte expose l'état actuel du droit applicable au secteur économique privé, tel qu'il s'est développé depuis 1979. Il tend à montrer qu'en dépit d'une rationalisation très sensible ces dernières années, l'environnement juridique demeure assez largement hostile à l’activité économique privée. L'auteur revient d'abord sur l'évolution des règles juridiques depuis que l'entreprise privée a été autorisée à réapparaître, en 1981, après trente ans d'interdiction. Le dynamisme dont elle a aussitôt fait preuve a conduit les dirigeants, dès 1987, à assouplir le cadre très limité qui lui avait d'abord été fixé. Tout en s'efforçant de régulariser et de mieux maîtriser le phénomène, cette nouvelle réglementation a notamment permis la formation d'entreprises de plus grande ampleur, éventuellement sous la forme de sociétés à responsabilité limitée, et bénéficiant d'une plus grande sécurité juridique. La relance de l'activité économique privée à compter de 1992 s'est accompagnée d'un développement rapide de la législation économique. Cet environnement juridique, qui tend à uniformiser les règles applicables à toutes les formes d'entreprise, comprend notamment la Loi sur les sociétés, entrée en vigueur en 1994 et dont l'auteur présente les principales dispositions. Sont également évoquées les lois concernant la faillite des entreprises, la concurrence, le système financier, le régime fiscal, le régime du travail et les contrats économiques. Les effets bénéfiques de ce développement législatif sur l'entreprise privée sont souvent compromis, cependant, par le décalage entre les textes et leur application, par la lourdeur et l'imprécision des contraintes imposées aux entrepreneurs, par la lenteur et les aléas des processus administratifs d'autorisation, par l'imprévisibilité des orientations politiques et enfin par la tendance à l’informalité et aux arrangements factices qu'induisent ces facteurs hostiles.
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Cavaleri, Sylvie Cécile. „The Validity of Knock-for-Knock Clauses in Comparative Perspective“. European Review of Private Law 26, Issue 1 (01.02.2018): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2018002.
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Abstract: This article discusses the validity of so-called knock-for-knock clauses, by which parties to offshore oil and gas or maritime contracts agree that each of them will cover its own losses regardless of who caused them. The issue of validity of such clauses and of the liability exclusions they contain is analysed in a comparative perspective between the law of their tradition of origin (common law, especially UK law) and Nordic civil law, where such agreements are also frequently used, namely in the context of oil extraction activities in the North Sea. Based on an assessment of the different criteria used to promote or dismiss knock-for-knock clauses in case law and academic literature, the article reaches the conclusion that the question of whether knock-for-knock clauses should be held valid depends on whose interests are being considered, and that further research is warranted on the efficiency of mechanisms supposed to replace the deterrence effect of tort or contractual liability. Résumé: Le présent article traite de la validité des clauses dites knock-for-knock, par lesquelles les parties à des contrats en matière de production d´énergie offshore et de droit maritime conviennent que chacune des parties supportera les dommages qu´elle subit sans tenir compte de qui les a causés. La question de la validité de telles clauses et des exclusions de responsabilité qu´elles contiennent est analysée dans une perspective de droit comparé entre le droit de leur tradition d´origine (le droit commun, plus particulièrement le droit anglais) et le droit civil nordique, dans lequel de telles clauses sont également fréquemment employées, en particulier en relation avec les activités d ´extraction pétrolière dans la Mer du Nord. Sur la base d´une discussion des différents arguments avancés en faveur ou contre les clauses knock-for-knock, l´article parvient à la conclusion que la question de leur validité peut recevoir différentes réponses en fonction des acteurs dont les intérêts sont considérés. De surcroît, des recherches approfondies concernant l’efficacité de mesures contractuelles de droit public de sécurité et de prévention des accidents sont nécessaires afin de déterminer si l’effet de dissuasion visé par la responsabilité délictuelle ou contractuelle peut être atteint par d´autres moyens. Zusammenfassung: Dieser Artikel diskutiert die Gültigkeit von sogenannten Knockfor-Knock-Klauseln, durch die Parteien zu Offshore-Öl- und Gas- oder Seeverkehrsverträgen zustimmen, dass jeder von ihnen seine eigenen Verluste abdecken wird, unabhängig davon, wer sie verursacht hat. Die Frage der Gültigkeit solcher Klauseln und die darin enthaltenen Haftungsausschlüsse wird in einer vergleichenden Perspektive zwischen dem Gesetz ihrer Herkunft (Common Law, insbesondere dem britischen Recht) und dem nordischen Zivilrecht analysiert, wobei auch solche Vereinbarungen häufig verwendet werden im Rahmen der Ölförderung in der Nordsee. Auf der Grundlage einer Einschätzung der verschiedenen Kriterien, die zur Förderung oder Entlassung von Knock-for-Knock-Klauseln in der Rechtsprechung und der akademischen Literatur verwendet werden, kommt der Artikel zu dem Schluss, dass die Frage, ob Knock-for-Knock Klauseln gültig gehalten werden sollte, davon abhängt, wessen Interessen werden berücksichtigt, und dass weitere Untersuchungen über die Effizienz von Mechanismen, die die Abschreckungseffekte der unerlaubten Handlung oder der vertraglichen Haftung ersetzen sollen, gerechtfertigt sind.
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Shalev, Gabriela. „Forty Years of Contract Law“. Israel Law Review 24, Nr. 3-4 (1990): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700010141.
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With the establishment of the State of Israel and the enactment of sec. 11 of the Law and Administration Ordinance, 1948, Israeli law absorbed the Mandatory law which had applied prior to independence. Israeli contract law of forty years ago was comprised of two main components: Ottoman law and English law.The component of Ottoman law consisted primarily of theMejelleand of the substantive provisions of the Ottoman Code of Civil Procedure. Some of the books of theMejelleregulated important contractual transactions, such as sale and lease. The Ottoman Code of Civil Procedure included provisions concerning compensation for damage, but the most important and significant provision was sec. 64, which established, in our law, the principle of freedom of contract. By virtue of this section, validity was conferred upon all contracts made in Israel, except those contrary to statutory law, to morality or to public order, and the power of the parties to a contract to contract out of the provisions of theMejellewas accorded recognition.
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Hasna Nadhya, Amanda. „Pengaruh Disrupsi Era Digital Terhadap Akta Notaris Sebagai Alat Bukti Autentik“. Jurnal Officium Notarium 2, Nr. 1 (01.04.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jon.vol2.iss1.art1.
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This study aims to discuss the effect of disruption of the digital era on Notary deeds as authentic evidence. The problems to be answered are first, what is the effect of disruption brought by digital era on Notary Deeds as authentic evidence; and second, how is the validity of Notary Deeds as authentic evidence amidst the said disruption brought by digital era? The method used is a normative legal research, by using a statutory approach through examining all the laws related to the problem. The data collection techniques were in the form of literature studies, document studies and interviews. Data were collected and analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The results of the study show that First, disruption affects publicity and non-publicity of the Notary Deeds, namely Notaries who have begun to transition from conventional methods to the use of information technology, hence that all legal entity settlements which include legal entities are carried out by the Legal Entity Administration System (SABH) and AHU online. Meanwhile, the notary's non-publicity deed, namely online contract law or non-contact contracts, is one of the norms or legal rules that develop and keep up with the times, this is due to the principle of freedom of contract. Second, the evidentiary power of the notary's publicity deed is based on the Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number M-05 HT.01.01 of 2002, while the validity of electronic contracts has been recognized by laws and regulations, as long as it is agreed upon by the parties concerned. At present this applies to non-publicity deeds only made based on non-contact contracts or electronic contracts, but regarding the signature it is only a certain object. An electronic signature can be used if the signature is certified, namely an electronic signature that uses an Electronic Certificate from the services of an Indonesian Electronic Certification Operator (PSrE) that is recognized by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Ministry of Communication and Informatics)
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Kim, Jae Hyung. „A Dialogue between Public and Private Law“. Korean Association of Civil Law 105 (31.12.2023): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52554/kjcl.2023.105.3.
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The legal domain has traditionally been segmented into public and private law. Private law is rooted in the principle of private autonomy that is premised on individual liberty. Conversely, public law centers on the adininistration and regulation of public authority. Despite these distinctions, public and private law overlap significantly in their research topics, methodologies, and goals. As such, collaboration and mutual learning between these spheres are crucial. Consequently, establishing a platform for dialogue among scholars from both fields is deemed valuable.
This paper delves into the criteria that differentiate public from private law, examining their interrelation through constitutional and civil law, alongside administrative and civil law. It scrutinizes the nexus between public and private law, with a focus on Supreme Court precedents concerning personality rights, the third party effect (Drittwirkung) of fundamental rights in private relationships, interpretations of law in alignment with the Constitution, the analogy of private law regulations to public contracts or public law contracts, the validity of a contract contravening administrative regulations, the liability for state compensation for unlawful administrative conduct, and the demarcation of jurisdiction between civil and administrative proceedings. Public and private law have evolved in tandem, influencing each other. Their dem邱ation is more a product of historical development and relativity than a priori or theoretical constructs. Recent Supreme Court rulings demonstrate an increasing interplay between public law, including constitutional provisions, and the interpretation and application of civil law, and vice versa. In this scenario, promoting an active dialogue between scholars of public and private law is anticipated to substantially enhance both disciplines, as well as the legal system as a whole.
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Salomons, Arthur. „Deformalisation of Assignment Law and the Position of the Debtor in European Property Law“. European Review of Private Law 15, Issue 5 (01.10.2007): 639–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2007034.
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Abstract: In the last two decades, several European countries have altered the general provisions on assignment or introduced new forms of assignment, in order to facilitate emerging financial instruments that involve the transfer of claims, especially securitisation. This is brought about by deformalisation, i.e. the abolition of formal requirements for the validity of assignment or the introduction of a new form of assignment with fewer formalities. The deformalisation relates inter alia to the requirement of notification of the debtor of the claim. In order to assess whether the interests of the debtor were harmed by this deformalisation, the position of the debtor between assignment and notification is described, analysed and compared for several European countries (France, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Italy, Spain, Germany, Switzerland) as well as for the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade of 2001, the third part of the Principles on European Contract Law of 2003 and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts of 2004. It is concluded that the deformalisation movement was not in itself detrimental to the position of the debtor: the only exception is the situation in the handful of legal systems in which payment by the debtor to the assignee does not lead to his discharge when he was not instructed to do so, notwithstanding the fact that he had gained knowledge of the assignment by means other than notification. Résumé: Durant les deux dernières décennies, plusieurs pays européens ont modifié leurs dispositions générales sur la cession ou ont introduit des nouvelles formes de cession de créance afin de faciliter les instruments financiers émergents qui impliquent le transfert de créances et spécialement leur titrisation. Ceci a conduit à une déformalisation, par exemple, par l’abolition des exigences de formes pour la validité des cessions ou l’introduction d’une nouvelle forme de cession avec des formalités réduites. La déformalisation se rapporte entre autres à l’obligation de notification au débiteur de la créance. Afin de déterminer si cette déformalisation nuit aux intérêts du débiteur, sa situation entre cession et notification est décrite, analysée et comparée pour plusieurs pays européen (France, l’Angleterre et le Pays de Galles, les Pays-Bas, Belgique, Norvège, Italie, Espagne, Allemagne, Suisse), de même que pour la Convention des Nations Unies sur la cession de créances dans le commerce international de 2001, la troisième partie les Principes du Droit Européen des Contrats de 2003 et les Principes d’UNIDROIT relatifs aux contrats du commerce international de 2004. L’auteur conclut que le mouvement de déformalisation n’est pas en luimême dommageable quant à la situation du débiteur; la seule exception étant celle d’une poignée de juridictions dans lesquelles le paiement par le débiteur au cessionnaire n’entraíne pas sa décharge quand il n’avait pas reçu l’instruction de le faire ainsi, nonobstant le fait qu’il soit au courant de la cession par d’autres moyens que la notification. Zusammenfassung: In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten haben zahlreiche europäische Staaten die allgemeinen Bestimmungen im Hinblick auf die Abtretung verändert oder aber eine neue Formen der A
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Balcer, Laura J., Jenelle Raynowska, Rachel Nolan, Steven L. Galetta, Raju Kapoor, Ralph Benedict, Glenn Phillips, Nicholas LaRocca, Lynn Hudson und Richard Rudick. „Validity of low-contrast letter acuity as a visual performance outcome measure for multiple sclerosis“. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, Nr. 5 (16.02.2017): 734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458517690822.
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Low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA) has emerged as the leading outcome measure to assess visual disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) research. As visual dysfunction is one of the most common manifestations of MS, sensitive visual outcome measures are important in examining the effect of treatment. Low-contrast acuity captures visual loss not seen in high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) measurements. These issues are addressed by the MS Outcome Assessments Consortium (MSOAC), including representatives from advocacy organizations, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), academic institutions, and industry partners along with persons living with MS. MSOAC goals are acceptance and qualification by regulators of performance outcomes that are highly reliable and valid, practical, cost-effective, and meaningful to persons with MS. A critical step is elucidation of clinically relevant benchmarks, well-defined degrees of disability, and gradients of change that are clinically meaningful. This review shows that MS and disease-free controls have similar median HCVA, while MS patients have significantly lower LCLA. Deficits in LCLA and vision-specific quality of life are found many years after an episode of acute optic neuritis, even when HCVA has recovered. Studies reveal correlations between LCLA and the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), visual evoked potential (VEP), electroretinogram (ERG), pupillary function, and King-Devick testing. This review also concludes that a 7-point change in LCLA is clinically meaningful. The overall goal of this review is to describe and characterize the LCLA metric for research and clinical use among persons with MS.
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Kimeo, Josphat Mutua, und Dr John Achuora. „Influence of Contract Administration on Performance of Parastatals in Kenya“. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 4, Nr. 3 (03.12.2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.491.
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Purpose: The study helped to unearth the influence of contract administration on performance of parastatals in Kenya.Methodology: This study employed descriptive research design. The study reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and then proposed the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in literature as well as to validate the statistical hypotheses. The study preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The target population was all the 187 parastatals in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to collect qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 127 heads of procurement, who were selected using simple random sampling, from the four strata. After data collection, quantitative data was coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses were used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variable.Results and conclusion: The results of regression analysis revealed there is a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and the independent variable. R square value of 0.647 means that 64.7% of the corresponding variation in performance of parastatals in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (management strategy, monitoring and evaluation, shareholder management and conflict resolution) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.647), p=0.000 <0.05).Based on the study findings, the study concludes that performance of parastatals can be improved by management strategy, monitoring and evaluation, shareholder management and conflict resolution. First, in regard to management strategy, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence on performance of parastatals.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace contract administration so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
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Flynn, Anthony. „Grieving the loss of a public contract: De La Rue and the Brexit passport“. Journal of Public Procurement 20, Nr. 1 (21.11.2019): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-06-2019-0035.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine how firms react to the loss of a major government contract. Reactions to contract loss are yet to be properly studied in public procurement. Design/methodology/approach The hypothesis is that contract loss triggers a five-stage grieving process, as predicted by the Kubler-Ross model. The hypothesis is tested using the recent UK passport contract in which the British supplier, De La Rue, lost to the Franco-Dutch supplier, Gemalto. Secondary data from corporate publications, news reporting, parliamentary debates and trade union press releases is used to compile the case. Findings The findings show that De La Rue and its supporters passed through the five stages of grief in response to their loss. De La Rue initially exhibited denial by vowing to appeal the decision. Next came anger directed at the UK Government. An attempt to bargain was made during the standstill period. Depression set in after De La Rue admitted it would not appeal. Finally, acceptance was indicated by De La Rue pursuing new opportunities in the product authentication market. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a single case. Further case research is warranted to test the external validity of the results. Practical implications By debriefing unsuccessful bidders and listening to their viewpoint, public buyers can help to assuage the anger that accompanies contract loss. Social implications Elected representatives, the media and civic society groups have vested interests in the outcome of contract competitions. Moreover, they use their agency in pursuit of their own interests, whether through political bargaining, lobbying or editorials. Originality/value The paper demonstrates that the Kubler-Ross model of grieving has utility for understanding reactions to loss in a public procurement context.
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Xiao, Yufang, Ruifang Xiao, Congcong Zhu und Shengfei Wei. „Digital Copyright Management Strategy of Digital Library Based on Blockchain Technology“. Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing 119, Nr. 1 (31.03.2024): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.61091/jcmcc119-16.
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Using blockchain technology to handle the entire chain of digital copyrights in digital libraries not only helps to improve the economy, validity, and fairness of the libraries’ digital resource offerings, but it also increases the revenue of digital copyright subjects in a sustainable manner. In this work, a decentralized, secure, and traceable digital copyright transaction system is designed and implemented using blockchain technology. The system serves creators, administrators, and subscribers through its user layer, business model layer, and Fabric network layer. To guarantee the accuracy and integrity of transaction data, smart contracts are used for the registration of digital works, transaction supervision, and smart contract execution. Fabric Composer is used in the development of the system and offers good scalability. The system still has issues with privacy protection, increasing performance, and complying with laws and regulations. It is anticipated that the digital copyright transaction system will advance in the area of digital copyright protection as blockchain technology develops.
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Mika, Adam. „Znaczenie Biuletynu Informacji Publicznej w zapewnieniu jawności działań administracji publicznej na przykładzie zamówień publicznych“. Prawo 323 (29.12.2017): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.323.25.
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The importance of Public Information Bulletin BIP for realizing transparency of public administration activities in public procurement area Public Information Bulletin BIP has a great influence on direct access to public information. Its importance is bigger and bigger in Public Procurement Law nowadays. Publications in BIP are currently required in cases of in house-procurement and public contracts for social and other specific services. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of BIP on transparency of public administration activities in public procurement area, especially the impact of the lack of publication in BIP on validity of contracts.
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Różowicz, Konrad. „Charakter prawny wyroków wydawanych przez Krajową Izbę Odwoławczą“. Studia Prawa Publicznego, Nr. 2(14) (04.12.2019): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2016.2.14.6.
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The regulation of the legal nature of an appeal proceeding or a judgment crowning the proceeding is ambiguous and unclear. The National Appeals Chamber which issues a judgment decides upon the validity of a contract, the obligations of the contracting authority, financial penalties, and, indirectly, the actions taken by contractors. The influence of such decisions is of theoretical and practical significance and justifies an analysis presented in the paper. Thus the constitutive features of judgments handed down by a public administration body have been analysed and compared with typical forms of law enforcement (judicial decisions of the common courts, decisions issued by arbitration courts and individual administrative decisions). The latter have been given particular attention. The deliberations were based on the position of the doctrine of the law on public procurements, provisions of civil law and administrative law, as well as judicial decisions and judgments issued by the National Appeals Chamber. These were then analysed in the light of normative regulations of the Act on Public Procurements. The analysis revealed a multitude of problems resulting from the adoption by the legislature of atypical forms of action by the National Board of Appeal. The analysis provides the basis for further research aimed to create a coherent system regulating public procurements to ensure its proper functioning and to reduce the possibility of further interpretative problems.
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Różowicz, Konrad. „Charakter prawny wyroków wydawanych przez Krajową Izbę Odwoławczą“. Studia Prawa Publicznego, Nr. 2(14) (24.09.2018): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/stpp.2016.2.14.6.
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The regulation of the legal nature of an appeal proceeding or a judgment crowning the proceeding is ambiguous and unclear. The National Appeals Chamber which issues a judgment decides upon the validity of a contract, the obligations of the contracting authority, financial penalties, and, indirectly, the actions taken by contractors. The influence of such decisions is of theoretical and practical significance and justifies an analysis presented in the paper. Thus the constitutive features of judgments handed down by a public administration body have been analysed and compared with typical forms of law enforcement (judicial decisions of the common courts, decisions issued by arbitration courts and individual administrative decisions). The latter have been given particular attention. The deliberations were based on the position of the doctrine of the law on public procurements, provisions of civil law and administrative law, as well as judicial decisions and judgments issued by the National Appeals Chamber. These were then analysed in the light of normative regulations of the Act on Public Procurements. The analysis revealed a multitude of problems resulting from the adoption by the legislature of atypical forms of action by the National Board of Appeal. The analysis provides the basis for further research aimed to create a coherent system regulating public procurements to ensure its proper functioning and to reduce the possibility of further interpretative problems.
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Kilinkarov, Vladimir Vital'evich, und Bulat Askarovich Ponomarev. „The civil Nature of public-private Partnership Agreements“. Юридические исследования, Nr. 2 (Februar 2023): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2023.2.38640.
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The subject of the research is the legislation and law enforcement practice regarding the legal nature of the public-private partnership agreement and the concession agreement. The authors intend to prove the civil law nature of these agreements; therefore, they review dominant theories on the relevant issue in the doctrine of legal science. The first group of scientists refers these agreements to private-public contracts, the second - to administrative, the third - to private law. The analysis of the legislation confirms the validity of the third group’s point of view. The paper also examines the practice of judicial and administrative authorities, which testifies to the dispositive nature of legal relations arising between private and public partners.
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Praticò, Filippo Giammaria, und Antonio Casciano. „VARIABILITY OF HMA CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PAY ADJUSTMENT“. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 21, Nr. 1 (23.12.2014): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802713.
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The goal of this paper is to formalize and validate a model in order to determine a pay adjustment on the basis of mechanical and functional performance of transportation infrastructures. A model to determine the pay adjustment based on life expectancy of a pavement and the variability of its main properties was formulated. Five different paths and points of view are used in order to obtain information on model suitability and robustness. An algorithm has been proposed to estimate a pay adjustment (PA, negative or positive), based on life cycle cost analysis, when both structural and non-structural deficiencies/surplus in characteristics are detected. The five different methodologies, used for deriving PA, demonstrate the validity of the model in which the PA depends on both position and dispersion measures. It has been demonstrated that the model can help in analysing a project and construction management under a common framework. Analyses and validation demonstrate that the proposed model can efficiently overcome typical problems in PA determination and in contract administration, where decisions based upon objective and sound criteria are needed. Both practitioners and researchers are expected to benefit from the outcomes of this study.
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Harhoff, Frederik. „The Status of Indigenous Peoples under International Law: Greenland and the Right to Self-Determination“. Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 32 (1995): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800005798.
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SommaireL'autodétermination des peuples autochtones suscite la controverse en droit international contemporain depuis que le processus de décolonisation s'est achevé, à la fin des années 1960. Parce qu’ils craignaient avant tout des désordres nationaux, de nombreux pays ont refusé de reconnaître que les peuples autochtones ont le droit de se séparer du territoire national et d'obtenir leur indépendance. Cependant, même la reconnaissance d'un droit moins vaste, soit un droit de recevoir un statut spécial et d'obtenir l'autonomie politique dans le cadre des frontières étatiques existantes, demeure une question litigieuse, car aucune définition claire des bénéficiaires et de la substance de ces droits ne peut être établie. De toute façon, la disparité des conditions politiques, économiques, sociales et climatiques dans lesquelles vivent les peuples autochtones du monde entier rend futile la création d'un seul et unique concept d'autodétermination qui s'appliquerait au monde entier. Pour sortir de cette impasse, on propose d'adopter une approche procédurale, au lieu d'essayer de fixer ces questions dans des termes juridiques stricts.Le fait de qualifier le concept d'autodétermination de processus, au lieu de le décrire comme étant une série de règles exactes et préétablies, a pour avantage d'apporter un élément de flexibilité, car il permet aux deux parties, c'est-à-dire les États et les peuples autochtones, de trouver des appuis pour défendre leurs intérêts et d'imaginer une solution viable qui tienne compte des circonstances particulières de chaque cas. Mais toutes les parties concernées devraient tout d'abord accepter trois conditions préalables:(1) Le droit de sécession immédiate et d'indépendance complète, en tant qu'aspect du droit à l'autodétermination, devrait être réservé aux peuples autochtones des territoires d'outre-mer.(2) Les États ont le devoir de favoriser l'autonomie de leurs peuples autochtones et le fardeau de prouver qu 'ih offrent la plus grande autonomie possible aux peuples autochtones vivant sur leurs territoires.(3) Une fois que des ententes relatives à l'autonomie ont été conclues, les États ne peuvent pas les révoquer, les abréger ou les modifier unilatéralement.L'auteur de cette note examine ensuite le régime d'autonomie du Groenland et conclut que ce régime semble satisfaire aux critères énoncés, bien que la question du statut actuel du Groenland (et des îles Faroe) au sein du royaume danois demeure incertaine sur le plan constitutionnel. Le régime d'autonomie implique un transfert irrévocable des pouvoirs législatifs et administratifs des autorités danoùes aux autorités du Groenland, ce qui a pour effet de créer un régime juridique indépendant au Groenland. Par ailleurs, il est entendu que le régime d'autonomie du Groenland permet d'établir un système judiciaire indépendant, si les tribunaux danois du Groenland ne reconnaissent pas la validité de la Loi d'autonomie du Groenland.
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Arianto, Iqbal Aji, und Sri Sudiartri. „Persepsi Pegawai Kantor Desa terhadap Penggunaan Jasa Bank Syariah:“. VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 3, Nr. 1 (18.09.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v3i1.1239.
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The goal of this study was to discover why employees of the Laut Dendang village office choose to use the services of a sharia bank, and what factors influence their knowledge and attitudes. Field research using a qualitative approach is what this type of study is called. Employees at the Laut Dendang village office served as data sources for this study. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation, while data processing and analysis procedures are done in four stages: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drafting, and data validity verification. The study's findings revealed that employees at the Laut Dendang village office have a positive attitude toward using Islamic banks, as evidenced by the employees' knowledge that Islamic banks are free of usury and that Islamic banks have contracts and profit sharing systems, making them less burdensome and harmful to those who have made the contract. Employees benefit from Islamic banks' knowledge and attitude toward their services, as well as cheaper administrative costs. Employees at the Laut Dendang village office primarily use traditional banking services as long-term savings.
Keywords: Perception, Employees, Islamic Bank
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Arianto, Iqbal Aji, und Sri Sudiartri. „Persepsi Pegawai Kantor Desa terhadap Penggunaan Jasa Bank Syariah:“. VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 2, Nr. 3 (18.09.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v2i3.1239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The goal of this study was to discover why employees of the Laut Dendang village office choose to use the services of a sharia bank, and what factors influence their knowledge and attitudes. Field research using a qualitative approach is what this type of study is called. Employees at the Laut Dendang village office served as data sources for this study. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation, while data processing and analysis procedures are done in four stages: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drafting, and data validity verification. The study's findings revealed that employees at the Laut Dendang village office have a positive attitude toward using Islamic banks, as evidenced by the employees' knowledge that Islamic banks are free of usury and that Islamic banks have contracts and profit sharing systems, making them less burdensome and harmful to those who have made the contract. Employees benefit from Islamic banks' knowledge and attitude toward their services, as well as cheaper administrative costs. Employees at the Laut Dendang village office primarily use traditional banking services as long-term savings.
Keywords: Perception, Employees, Islamic Bank
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Arianto, Iqbal Aji, und Sri Sudarti. „Persepsi Pegawai Kantor Desa terhadap Penggunaan Jasa Bank Syariah“. VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 3, Nr. 1 (28.05.2022): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v3i2.1239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The goal of this study was to discover why employees of the Laut Dendang village office choose to use the services of a sharia bank, and what factors influence their knowledge and attitudes. Field research using a qualitative approach is what this type of study is called. Employees at the Laut Dendang village office served as data sources for this study. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation, while data processing and analysis procedures are done in four stages: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drafting, and data validity verification. The study's findings revealed that employees at the Laut Dendang village office have a positive attitude toward using Islamic banks, as evidenced by the employees' knowledge that Islamic banks are free of usury and that Islamic banks have contracts and profit sharing systems, making them less burdensome and harmful to those who have made the contract. Employees benefit from Islamic banks' knowledge and attitude toward their services, as well as cheaper administrative costs. Employees at the Laut Dendang village office primarily use traditional banking services as long-term savings.
Keywords: Perception, Employees, Islamic Bank
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MWENDWA, MICHAEL MWINZI, und Dr GEORGE OCHIRI. „INFLUENCE OF CONTRACT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA“. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 3, Nr. 1 (29.03.2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.v3i1.283.
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Purpose: The study helped unearth the influence of contract management practices on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: This study employed descriptive research design. The study reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and then proposed the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in literature as well as to validate the statistical hypotheses. The study preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The target population was all the 187 state corporations in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to collect qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 127 heads of procurement, who were selected using simple random sampling, from the four strata. After data collection, quantitative data was coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses was used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variable.Results: The response rate of the study was 82%. The findings of the study indicated that administration strategy, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder management and conflict management have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations in Kenya.Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the study concludes that performance of state corporations can be improved by administration strategy, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder management and conflict management. First, in regard to administration strategy, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence on performance of state corporations.Policy recommendation: the study recommended that public institutions should embrace contract management practices so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
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MWENDWA, MICHAEL MWINZI, und Dr GEORGE OCHIRI. „INFLUENCE OF CONTRACT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA“. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 3, Nr. 1 (29.03.2019): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Purpose: The study helped unearth the influence of contract management practices on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: This study employed descriptive research design. The study reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and then proposed the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in literature as well as to validate the statistical hypotheses. The study preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The target population was all the 187 state corporations in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to collect qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 127 heads of procurement, who were selected using simple random sampling, from the four strata. After data collection, quantitative data was coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses was used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variable.Results: The response rate of the study was 82%. The findings of the study indicated that administration strategy, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder management and conflict management have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations in Kenya.Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the study concludes that performance of state corporations can be improved by administration strategy, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder management and conflict management. First, in regard to administration strategy, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence on performance of state corporations.Policy recommendation: the study recommended that public institutions should embrace contract management practices so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
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Williams, Adam M., Fion Lau und Clifford P. McCue. „Acknowledging knowledge“. Journal of Public Procurement 18, Nr. 1 (05.03.2018): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-03-2018-004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the knowledge public procurement professionals perceive as important for performing their duties. Design/methodology/approach Using secondary data generated from a job analysis study commissioned by the Universal Public Procurement Certification Council [UPPCC], this paper examined the knowledge sets that procurement officials recognize as necessary and sufficient for daily operations and professional development. Findings Principal Component Analysis is used to validate the six domains of knowledge covered on the survey. This paper identifies sets of core knowledge domains that are essential for procurement administration, including sourcing, negotiation process, contract administration, supply management and strategic procurement planning. Originality/value Furthermore, the authors incorporated anecdotal commentary information from the same survey to determine what additional professional development and continuing education opportunities procurement officials are seeking to improve performance in their current and future work roles.
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Abregú-Tueros, Luis Fidel, Yefry Joel Huaroc, Cármen K. Dimas und Gloria E. Cruz Gonzáles. „Psychometric validation of the Peruvian version of a short scale to assess psychological violence in health professionals: A cross-sectional study“. Medwave 21, Nr. 07 (30.08.2021): e8452-e8452. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2021.07.8452.
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Objective This study aimed to adapt a Peruvian version of the brief scale to assess psychological violence in health professionals (EVP-salud), exploring its validity and reliability properties. Methods We made a cross-sectional study of psychometric evaluation conducted between January 2019 and February 2020. It involved the voluntary and anonymous participation of 316 health professionals and administrative workers from 17 health centers in Peru, who were administered the 22-item psychological violence scale. In addition, three other instruments were used to assess convergent and discriminative validity. Results In contrast to other findings using similar instruments, the item composition of the abbreviated psychological violence scale converges on three components that assess isolation, intimidation, and belittling violence. This validation provides evidence of good fit in criterion and construct, explaining 66.7% of the accumulated variance and up to 54.3% when the final version is reduced to 13 items and three factors. The data reflect a high inverse association between psychological violence and intrinsic job satisfaction. Conclusions The empirical results indicate psychometric properties of the instrument, with strong support in the validity and appropriate reliability according to the internal consistency indexes.
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Giovanis, Apostolos, George Pierrakos, Ioannis Rizomyliotis und Spyridon Binioris. „Assessing service quality and customer behavioral responses in hospital outpatient services“. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (18.06.2018): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-03-2017-0023.
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Purpose In contrast to the reflective approach of service quality measurement, this paper aims to propose and validate a parsimonious multidimensional second-order formatively measured model of service quality for primary health-care services provided by hospital outpatient departments. The index’s empirical validity is examined by investigating the strength of its relationship with certain behavioral responses such as patient satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a stratified random sampling from eight hospital outpatient departments in Greece. Covariance-based structural equation modeling techniques were used to validate the proposed service quality index and further investigate its effect on patient satisfaction and behavioral intention. Findings The data analysis indicated that the proposed formative index is fully functional with medical care being the factor and mostly contributes to service quality perception, followed by administrative service and staff performance, and facilities condition and nursing care. It, further, confirmed the partial mediating role of satisfaction, as it enhances the high impact of service quality on behavioral intentions. Research limitations/implications The relationships among hospital outpatient departments service quality, patient satisfaction and behavioral intentions were validated with data from one country and a health-care system which is state driven and funded. Practical implications An understanding of hospital primary health-care service quality formation is important to health-care decision makers because it offers them the opportunity to consider patients’ needs and wants, and takes the appropriate actions for improving the relevant underling procedures in a more efficient manner to achieve favorable behavioral responses. Originality/value The paper manages to propose and empirically evaluate a formatively measured approach of service quality and investigate the effects of the proposed index on patient satisfaction and behavioral intention, especially in the hospital outpatient services context in Greece.