Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Válcovny.
Dissertationen zum Thema „Válcovny“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Válcovny" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Sikora, Vojtěch. „Optimalizace mazacího systému pro mazání ložisek válcovacích stolic“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443758.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis focuses on the optimization of the central lubrication system for the lubrication of rolling bearings of rolling mills in the operation continuous wire rod mill. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first part of the theoretical work is focuses on the search of rolling and tribodiagnostics. The next part focuses on the description of modern central lubrication systems, explanation of their principle and practical use. The practical part explains the function of the old lubrication system for rolling mill bearings with an analysis of its problems. Next is described the technical design of a new central lubrication system, its application into operation and its actual commissioning are described. The last part of the thesis is the conclusion and evaluation of the benefits of the new central lubrication system compared to the old one.
2
Hacek, Samuel. „Výpočtová simulace válcování v kalibru“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-418200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá možnosťami výpočtového modelovania valcovania v kalibroch pomocou metódy konečných prvkov. Na začiatku je formulovaná motivácia pre písanie práce a problémová situácia, nasledovaná zostavením systému podstatných veličín. Ďaľšia kapitola popisuje rôzne spôsoby valcovania ako aj samotný valcovací proces. Dôraz je kladený na popis tradičného návrhu kalibrov. Nasledujúca kapitola sa zaoberá teóriou plasticity, plastickým chovaním materiálu a jeho modelovaním v konečnoprvkovom prostredí Abaqus, ktoré je použité vo výpočtovej časti práce. Predstavené sú viaceré modely plasticity, ako aj modely tvárneho porušovania, používané na posúdenie tvárniteľnosti či simuláciu šírenia tvárnej trhliny v materiáli. Práca pokračuje kapitolou zameranou na metódu konečných prvkov, najmä jej explicitný algoritmus, využívaný vo výpočtovej časti práce. Ďaľšia časť je venovaná popisu základných princípov fotoelasticimetrie, tradičnej experimentálnej metódy. Tieto kapitoly zahŕňajú aj popis konečnoprvkovej a experimentálnej fotoplastickej analýzy konkrétneho prípadu valcovania v kalibroch, riešené v predchádzajúcom článku. Použitý výpočtový model je základom nového konečnoprvkového modelu, ktorého tvorbe je predmetom nasledujúcej kapitoly. Naviac sú vytvorené aj dve varianty pôvodného, zjednodušeného výpočtového modelu. S použitím vytvorených výpočtových modelov sú vykonané štrukturálne analýzy a vyhodnotené viaceré výsledky, následne zhrnuté a porovnané s pôvodnými výpočtovými a experimentálnymi výsledkami. Rozbor porovnania výsledkov a zhodnotenie použiteľnosti a spoľahlivosti jednotlivých výpočtových modelov tvoria záver práce.
3
Zapletalová, Martina. „Výroba bezešvých kruhů technologií radiálně-axiálního válcování“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318826.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis is focused on the production of a seamless ring manufactured from low-alloyed steel 15 142, which fills the function as a large-dimensional bearing. On the basis of suitable production technologies analysis, the radial axial rolling method was chosen and a specific manufacturing process was proposed. During the manufacturing time, the creation of the forging defects in the transfers forms were occurred, which was totally undesirable. By changing the parameters of the machine, in particular the rolling curve and the temperature, the process was optimized and the production performed completely without defects.
4
Smolík, Adam. „Kmitání stlačitelné tekutiny ve válcové oblasti“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241897.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis includes two main parts. The first part comprises the theoretical analysis, i.e. literary research. It has been focused on questions regarding compressive pulsation and possible damping elements. The second part focuses on the formation of mathematical model of transition of matrix gas accumulator, the hydraulic set formation by the transition matrix method, the deduction of innate and constrained values and the compressible liquid mode shapes in cylindrical space.
5
Horváth, Ľudovít. „Model profilu povrchu obrobku obrobeného válcovou obvodovou frézou“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In the teoretical part of the master´s thesis, the master´s thesis deals with milling and surface profile describing. In the practical part, the master´s thesis deal with model of surface profile after milling operation with plain milling cetter. For evalution were used data obtained from the computer model of the surface profil and data obtained from measuring the actual surface profil, which was created by machining the material mills with a diameter of 45 mm.
6
Bulva, Miroslav. „Porovnání kvality práce lisů na válcové balíky“. Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259338.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis is focused on comparing the round baler with variable bale chamber. The press Vicon RV 1601 OC14 was compared with press Welger RP 435 Master. The evaluation was conducted from three perspectives. The first was the construction of the machine. The second was economic and the last one was the quality of work. Furthermore comparing was done per the performance, the cost of molding, packaging and simple analysis of investment and operating costs. The quality of the design was better with the press Welger. This press was measured to better results in bale density per hundred percent dry matter with straw 98.13 kg.m-3. Greater hourly output during molding were measured on the press Welger. From an overall perspective was evaluated press Welger better.
7
Jantač, Marek. „Návrh zefektivnění výroby válcové součásti hydraulického systému“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The aim of the paper was to proposed new manufacturing technology. In the beginning, the diploma thesis deals with the technological aspects of manufacturing hydraulic valve. Subsequently is described the usage of manufacturing technology. The existing production process is analysed in detail. Better efficiency was achieved by using hard turning instead grinding technology. Economic evaluation is described in the end of thesis, where is efficiency of hard turning technology supported by calculations.
8
Zalibera, Tomáš. „Výpočetní analýza provozních deformací válcové jednotky vznětového motoru“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417726.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Submitted diploma thesis deals about operational deformations in the cylinder unit of turbocharged diesel engine used in commercial vehicles. Introductory part analyses combustion engines computational modelling based on finite element method. The next step is the creation of computational models for thermal-structural analyses of the piston and engine block. In order to determine material characteristics of the head gasket, experiment is performed on the OEM gasket to determine its real behaviour under compressive load. The results shows strong nonlinear behaviour which justifies the decision of making such an experiment in the first place. The results of computational models are radial deformations of the piston and cylinder liners during load conditions. The last chapter deals with the application of these results to an advanced computational piston assembly dynamics model.
9
Oborná, Eliška. „Tlakové a rychlostní pulsace kapaliny v tenké válcové oblasti“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378384.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The subject of this diploma thesis is a dynamic analysis of phenomena occurring in the thin cylindrical region, ie in a gab, which flows liquid by the given parameters. Through the simplifications introduced, it comes to the problem of structural and forced vibration for both the horizontal pulsation in a tube and the area of a compensating piston. The described method uses the separation of variables for pressure function. The speed function is derived from the already known pressure field distribution using the Navier-Stokes equation.
10
Luks, Tomáš. „Výpočtová analýza namáhání povrchových vrstev pracovního válce při válcování za tepla“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228370.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis is dealing with an analysis of thermal and mechanical loads on a work-roll. First, hot rolling focused on work-roll is described in general. A theoretical analysis of roll loads and the mechanisms affecting roll durability are presented here. The thesis is concentrated on creation of a model in FEM program ANSYS. The final model is loaded with different rolling schemes and monitored stresses in a surface layer. The parameters obtained from the measurements performed in a rolling mill are applied as boundary conditions within the model.
11
Koudela, Michal. „Návrh na zefektivnění procesu obrábění válcové součásti pro ropné vrty“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This diploma thesis is concerned with a proposal for increasing the efficiency of machining when manufacturing an inner sleeve at the company Sanborn a.s. In the diploma thesis, the technology used for machining itself is first briefly described, followed by a description of the original production technology including a description of machine and hand tools used and cutting conditions. The next part of the paper describes the proposal for increasing the efficiency of machining operations. The proposal includes a description of the suggested solution that will lead to increased efficiency, a machine proposed for the specific operation, appropriate tools and proposed cutting conditions. The benefits of implementing the proposal are also described here, both in terms of saving unit time, and in terms of the machining technology itself, where, for example, the formation of chips is improved, the inner tension of machined components reduced, etc. The diploma thesis further includes a technical-economic evaluation assessing the economic benefits of the changes introduced.
12
Illík, Jakub. „Analýza proudění kapaliny v otevřené válcové nádobě s hladinovým vírem“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416451.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This master's thesis analyses fluid flow in an open cylindrical tank with vortex using numerical simulation. The theoretical part introduces a set of equations governing fluid flow and relations used to describe vortex motion. A general overview of terms used in computational fluid dynamics is presented. The experimental section consists of three parts. The vortex modelling is performed using ANSYS Fluent software. Data are consequently analysed within ANSYS CFD-Post software tool. Special focus is put on the vortex shape that is fitted with a curve corresponding to a probability density function of the Cauchy distribution. Results are then plotted in MATLAB software.
13
Zemčík, Tomáš. „Simulace průběhu řezné síly při obvodovém frézování válcovou frézou s přímými zuby“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229250.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
To make a simulation of cutting force during milling process with cilindrical cutter is the aim of this diploma thesis. Preliminary part is devoted to technology of milling, milling cutters and cutting materials. The next section is aimed at kinematics of the cutting process, a theoretical analysis of power proportion, the possibility of measurement of force actions. General information about the programming software, a theoretical simulation model, graphical environment of created application, are the other points of this diploma thesis. The work also includes evaluation of the experimentally measured values and compared with values obtained from the created application.
14
Luks, Tomáš. „Okrajové podmínky ve válcovací mezeře při válcování za tepla a za studena“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255769.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Boundary conditions in the roll gap play an important role in modelling of rolling processes. In the roll gap we can observe the following: changes of rolling pressure, changes of relative velocity, influences of oxides and lubrication, etc. When taking into account all conditions mentioned above the determination of the boundary conditions is not trivial and extensive measurements are necessary. Therefore, this thesis is dealing with design of temperature and force sensors specified for the determination of friction coefficient and heat transfer coefficient in contact. The temperature sensor with an installed thermocouple measures subsurface temperature for a given depth; and then the inverse heat conduction task is used to compute temperature and heat flux on the surface. Several temperature sensors were designed and used for measuring in pilot mill and industrial rolling mill as well. The thermal responses of different sensors were compared in the numerical simulations. The inverse calculations were tested for various rolling conditions. A durability of the sensors was also studied in industrial rolling conditions. The contact stresses in the roll gap were measured by a pin, which was in direct contact with the rolled material. The forces on the top of the pin were measured by a three-axes piezoelectric force transducer and recalculated to the contact stress and friction coefficient. The sensor was implemented in a work roll and tested when rolling aluminium and steel slab for different rolling conditions. The results were compared with the integrative force sensor ROLLSURF.
15
Fichtl, Lukáš. „Sledování vlivu způsobu a frekvence válcování jamkoviště na jeho rychlost na vybraných hřištích“. Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This diploma thesis is focused on monitoring of golf green rolling methods and its frequency impact on green speed on selected courses. In the first part of this thesis issues relating to golf, global history of golf and history of golf in Czech Republic are analyzed, also are described golf green construction methods here. There is also described golf green rolling and the effects of rolling. The next part presents methodology of experiments and presents the results of these experiments. The analyzed data showed that the green speed did not decrease too much during the day. The results of another experiment showed that the different types of used rollers have just a little effect on a final green speed increase. In other words, the differences in green speed increasimg, caused by using of different green rollers, cannot be detected by any golf player.
16
Nejedlý, Pavel. „Návrh a pevnostní kontrola senzoru pro měření teplot a sil při válcování za tepla“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228581.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In the process of hot rolling is roll surface thermo-mechanically stressed. To define lifetime of roll or to increase it by change of thermal mode, temperatures and forces acting on this roll need to be known. For this purpose should be used sensors, that are placed near by surface of roll. Aim of the first part of diploma thesis is to debug 2D computing model (MKP) to achieve the match of temperature graphs with experimentally measured values, which was recorded by temperature sensors in real process of rolling. In the second part the same temperature boundary conditions are applied on 3D model, which is used to solve mechanical strength check of the temperature sensor. The last part of thesis is design and verification of mechanical strength of the designed force sensor. The used boundary conditions were acquired in Laboratory of heat transfer and flow. The computing system ANSYS 11 is used to design a model of geometry and numerical calculation. This diploma thesis will be used as donating solution for the granted project, which started in this year with Laboratory of heat transfer and flow partnership.
17
Sigmund, Lukáš. „Výroba válcovaného profilu a její ověření pomocí numerické simulace“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis deals with technology of hot-rolled profiles, describing total summary of principles and conditions this process is based on. There is a draft of a calibration of profile, the application of which is subsequently verified through a numerical simulation. Futher in the thesis also was verified the mechanical properties of applied construction steel S355J2 through the up-setting test and compared the results with the used material model in the simulation software Simufact Forming. Then, the test rolling of the calibrated profile was carried out. As a next step, the dimensions of the rolled bars were compared with the results of the simulation, on the basis of which the applicability and suitability of the simulation in the future development of other profiles was verified and evaluated.
18
Frýdl, Pavel. „Výroba táhlových háků“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240950.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Requirements for the creation of a new technological process of manufacturing of towing hooks were cost savings by optimizing the initial blank and by creating semi automatic workplace. Selecting longitudinal rolling technology for manufacturing preform piece occurs to shorten production times and substantial material savings. By rolling of blank are secured always the exact dimensions of the preform piece and through a chain conveyors is facilitated handling with material for workers and reduced production time of forging line. By introduction of the proposed manufacturing method of towing hooks depending on the size of the series 30000 hooks per year will be achieved annually savings of over 4.000.000 CZK. Return of investments for the acquisition and adjustment of forging rolls and conveyors is 2,2 years.
19
Meduna, Martin. „Modernizace brzdového stanoviště pro osobní automobily“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The basic aim of this thesis is to design optimisation of the brake bench in question. For this kind of optimisation, it was necessary to ascertain which failings the current brake bench exhibited. After ascertaining such failings, design of modification to this brake bench must be performed. In terms of this thesis, it was ascertained that the brake bench has insufficient brake power. Based on this finding, two alternatives for modifications have been selected. The first is replacement of the dynamometer and the second is insertion of a gear box into the brake bench. Rigidity analysis was performed on the gear casing.
20
Lamborová, Leona. „Vliv odstupňované deformace ingotu 8K7,2, vyrobeného z mimopecně zpracované oceli 8Cr3MoV, na jeho homogenitu struktury a mechanické vlastnosti“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of graded deformation of 8Cr3MoV steel rolling mills on the structure and mechanical properties. The theoretical part of this thesis describes general requirements for rolling mills, commonly used material, and the making of hot rolling mill rolls with emphasis on 8Cr3MoV steel. The second part is a report on experimental material and used methods. Then the results are presented. The influence of distance from the longitudinal axis of ingot and graded deformation on the forged shaft on the structure and mechanical properties are discussed at the end of this thesis, as well as a comparison of structure and mechanical properties of ingot and forged shaft.
21
Skrýval, Tomáš. „Návrh technologie a uspořádání výroby držáku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227984.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The project conceived within engineer‘s studies of branch 2303T002 is showing holder produce technology using by the company UniTools Press CZ Valašské Meziříčí. This holder is a part of car seat-adjusting system dedicated for Peugeot 308. According to the literary research, next part of this project is submitting two diferent solutions of produce technology and then it chooses the best one. The best one is chosen with the help of weight values table. The holder is produced in associated tool on press Arisa 400 with nominal force 4000 kN. The holder is manufactured from the roll of sheet steel S355MC (thickness 3mm). In the last part this project is suggesting the modification of produce technology in order to increase tapping tool working life and to increase the production productivity. Keywords: The steel S355MC, tapping, associated tool. y
22
Zahradník, Radek. „Tepelně-mechanická degradace povrchů za vysokých teplot“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234221.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The Ph.D. thesis is focused on a surface degradation mechanisms under combined heat and mechanical load. The objects of examination are work rolls from hot rolling mill which suffer such a load. In first chapter, the hot rolling process, the design, the manufacturing process and present materials of work rolls are described. The state-of-the-art study of work roll surface degradation mechanisms – wear, oxidation, thermal and contact fatigue are described in the second chapter. The characterization, the formation, the mechanisms of progression and the effects of each surface degradation mechanism is described step by step. The state-of-the-art study of analytical and numerical models which are related to hot rolling process is described in third chapter together with their limitations and flaws. The next chapters contain design of an analytical, an optimized macroscopic and a microscopic model for study of the work roll stress state. The macroscopic and the microscopic model is based on finite element method and they are implemented in ANSYS Programming Design Language. The models are used to process several case study which are based on previous experimental work of the Heat transfer and fluid flow laboratory. The results from case studies specify and expand the knowledge of work roll stress state. The results show the portion of each loading factor on the whole stress state. In addition, time and depth depended distribution of stress state is presented. The results from macrosferic model illustrate the cause of spalling and a rupture of the work roll. The results from the microsferic model show the cause of creation of the to-surface-parallel cracks within carbides of high chromium irons. Last chapter summarized of all results gathered from case studies together with the goals for further research definition. The necessary steps for further cognition are stated. The thesis contains a large set of appendixes with deeper discussion of several related topics. These appendixes represent the one third of whole the thesis.
23
Pernica, Jiří. „Stanovení silových účinků a pevnostní výpočet skříně válcového drtiče zrna S 1200“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis is focused on determination of the power effects, strength calculation and following optimalization of the box for grain roller mill S 1200 – the prototype of the mill to be produced by the copany ROmiLL, s. r. o. Besides issues mentioned above there ar also stated roller mills worldwide trends as well as results and evaluation of the calculations together witu optimalization of roller mill box.
24
Konečný, Martin. „Pevnostní výpočet a optimalizace skříně válcového drtiče zrna S 900“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis deal with stress control of frame of crushing mill of grain with the aim of defining and consequent optimalization of undersized and overlarge parts of the construction. This frame is screwed assembly. Control is static analysis of frame. This analysis use Finite Element Method.
25
Pistulka, Libor. „Studie operativního řízení výroby“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The main objective of this dissertation is an operational planning optimization with greater concentration on customers and their requirements, which are supposed to be fulfilled in time, costs and quality. The aim is an operative management analysis of production process. In terms of this analysis, deficiencies of the present condition will emerge, which should be eliminated by the solution. The analysis will be based on production system, economy of production process and product. At the deficiencies, which result from the analysis, some variants how to solve the problem will be suggested and finally, the most suitable variant will be chosen. Bending and its contemporary method of solving seems to be the most serious deficiency. Therefore, the panel bender was chosen as the most suitable solution because it is usually the most convenient compensation.
26
Pelechová, Denisa. „Nosná konstrukce autosalonu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225689.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The master’s thesis treat of design and appreciation load-bearing steel structure of Motor Show. The object is situated on the lokality Brno. Structure is composed of rolling sections and tubes. Overall height of the structure is 17,395 meters and overall lenght is 32,60 meters. Cross link iscomposed of arched girders panel that are supported on fixed pillars. Theoutside links are composed of panel columns. Load is composed of self weight, additonal imposed load, payload and climate load caused by wind and snow that is reached for given locality.Static rewiew comes out from previous load and it has been accomplished by Scia Engineer 2008 and hand computation.
27
Stračánek, Rostislav. „Zápustkové kování“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This diploma thesis is based on proposal of manufacturing technology forging of connection rod by die forging. The connection rod is made of 12 050 steel and it is part of crank mechanism in combustion engine. Production series was specified to 120 000 pcs. for year. Into technology procedure was implemented method of cross wedge rolling before die forging. The material for transverse cross wedge rolling was chosen 19 554 steel. Process of die forging was selected three operation in vertical forging press LZK 4000 with pressure force 40 MN made by company Šmeral Brno a.s. For die material was chosen 19 552 steel. And finally was carried out technical and economical evaluation of the forging production.
28
Blaha, Jakub. „Výpočtová analýza zbytkových napětí u autofretovaných vysokotlakých zásobníků paliva“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231712.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The master‘s thesis is aimed on numerical simulation of autofrettage of high pressure fuel vessel – rail in Common Rail system. First there is described Chaboche model, which is later used for simulation of autofrettage. There are described different approaches which can be used to obtain sufficient material model. Then there is observed influence of these different approaches on stress state of rail within the process of autofrettage. Suitability of Chaboche model for autofrettage and re-autofrettage simulations is assessed by comparing with more complex Jiang model. In the end there is a study of influence of autofrettage pressure on different properties, especially on residual stresses.
29
Diviš, Adam. „Výroba závěru zbraně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416624.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis deals with the design of technology for production of weapon conclusion by die forging. The weapon conclusion will be made of C45 steel in series of 500 000 pieces per year. Before forging, the base semi-finished product will be treated using cross-wedge rolling technology. Thanks to the chosen production process, the forging will be made as four pieces. A simulation of the forging process was made for the created design. Results of a simulation showed that metal did not fill entire hollow. Based on these results was made changes in design and the simulation was performed again. According to the results of the second simulation, the hollow has already been filled with metal. For the forging was chosen the machine LZK 2500P from Šmeral a.s with a nominal force 25MN. In the conclusion there was a technical-economic evaluation of costs for the material required for production of entire series.
30
Hlavnička, Jiří. „Struktura a vlastnosti hořčíkových slitin Mg-Ca-Zn“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This master’s thesis deals with design and preparation of a new biodegradable magnesium alloy based on Mg-Ca-Zn. Based on information from literature, the Mg-3Zn-2Ca alloy was designed. The base material was produced by gravity casting and the evaluation in the as-cast and heat treated state was performed. For preparation of the experimental material, following methods were designed: squeeze casting, hot rolling and the ECAP. During preparation by hot rolling, no optimal conditions were found and significant cracks occurred in both as-cast and heat treated material. In the case of experimental material, prepared by the ECAP method with back-pressure, better combination of stress-strain properties was observed. Also the squeeze casting method showed improvement; especially the amount of casting defects was eliminated. The evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties was performed by the light and scanning electron microscopy, RTG phase analysis and the tensile and compression tests.
31
Smrčka, Václav. „Autosalon“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The aim of the thesis is to design and appreciation steel load-bearing structure of motor show. The object is situated in Brno. The Structure consist of tubes and rolling sections. The breadth of construction is 36,5m, lenght 42m and height in the heihest point is 13,2m. The structrure is consists of three parts. Show room, offices and workshop. The height of show room is 20m, offices 8,5m and workshop 8m. The show room consist of arched truss girder. The distance of each cross links is 6 m. Structural design were perfomered by Scia Engineer 2017 and hand computation.
32
Kopecký, Petr. „Automatizace měření EM pole měřičem Narda NBM-550“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The diploma thesis deals with the measurement of electromagnetic fields by the meter NARDA NBM 550. The aim of the paper is to introduce the possibilities of measurement of the electromagnetic field by this device, to study the feasibility of communication with computer, to create control program and to check its functionality. A description of the electromagnetic field properties is followed by the identification of the device main functions. Additionally, the operating program is described together with the draft of measuring workplace with its realization. The results of probationary measurements are presented in the end of the thesis.
33
Macháček, Ivan. „Měření rozložení pole v blízké zóně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218631.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The aim of this work was to prepare measuring workplace, perform the verication measurement, including the measurement phase, on the cylindrical surface. Measured data were compared with theoretical assumptions and were calculated directional patterns. Probes for measurement in the near sield were designed and realized.
34
Stejskal, Miroslav. „Zvýšení výkonových parametrů zážehového jednoválcového dvoudobého motoru“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis deals with two-stroke engine design modifications to enhance its performance parameters. The introduction summarizes the various solutions of two-stroke engines. The next part deals with design modifications of the engine power, their implementation and subsequent modification. The work includes strain and stress analysis of the piston, which includes a complete indication of pressures in two-stroke engine. The achieved results of FEM analysis were used to design better piston geometry.
35
Bažantová, Lenka. „Rekonstrukce zásobníku na slínek“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371882.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis is focused on the design of the reconstruction of the reinforced concrete pre-stressed construction of the clinker reservoir. The supporting system of the structure consists of a reinforced concrete wall on which a prestressing reinforcement is applied in the sprayed concrete layer. Preliminary research revealed disturbances that could disrupt static objects. The aim of this work is to propose a solution for the reinforcement of the supporting structure. The thesis contains two variants of the reconstruction solution. A static report is prepared for the selected option, including the impact of the construction, the construction procedure and the drawing documentation.
36
Horký, Pavel. „Návrh řetězového vlečníku s vytvářením dávky tyčí“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The diploma thesis deals with the design of mechanism for manipulation with bars and creating a batch of square steel bars. In intoduction of this thesis is describtion of principle of curent mechanisms. In following chapters are described the most important parts of new mechanism and their design. In final sections are risk analysis and financial evaluation.
37
Votavová, Helena. „Vývoj nových přístupů v odstraňování okují při kontinuální výrobě oceli s využitím vysokotlakého vodního paprsku“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401607.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis summarizes general and up-to-date knowledge of descaling during the continuous production of the hot-rolled steel and proposes further streamlining of this process in industrial production. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the origin, structure and physical properties of the scales. The second chapter describes the principles of descaling by using a high pressure flat water jet. The third chapter introduces the principles of the experimental methods and describes the used laboratory equipment. The fourth chapter summarizes the description of the particular experiments and their evaluation, and thus represents the focus of the dissertation. It is divided into six sections which independently solve predefined objectives of the dissertation. The first section focuses on the height and structure development of the scales on 54SiCr6 and HDT580X steels. It has been proven that the height of the formed scales increases with the time and temperature of the oxidation. The layered nature of the scales was verified at the same time. The second section examines the effect of the nozzle stabilizer on the focussing and distribution of the impact pressure of the nozzle. Experiments have shown that increase of 11 % of an average maximum nozzle pressure can be achieved, depending on the type of nozzle and the length of the stabilizer. The third section deals with the analysis of shadowgraphy images of water jet structures of the nozzles. A script was developed for analysis of these shadowgraphy photos by an adaptive thresholding. The findings are correlated using a regression analysis with an average heat transfer coefficient. It has been reported that most of the standard nozzle configurations produced disintegrated stream of little droplets at the height of the rolled surface. The fourth section focuses on the area of water jet overlap, especially the area of the so-called washout, where the impact pressure of one nozzle is reduced by the nozzle stream of the other. The influence of the pressure change and the mutual displacement of the nozzles is investigated. The analysis showed that the change of pressure did not have any effect on the percentage of reduction of the impact pressure in the area of the washout. It has been shown that if the area of the washout is wide the descaling efficiency in this area may be reduced. The fifth section builds on the previous section and focuses directly on the areas of waterjet overlaps. The influence of the change of rotation and pitch of the nozzles is studied. Experiments have shown that small changes in nozzle pitch do not have a significant impact on impact pressure and heat transfer coefficient. The effect of nozzle rotation, on the other hand, was a significant factor for the efficiency and homogeneity of the descaling of the surface. The last section deals with the effect of the rolling speed on the heat transfer coefficient in the descaling process. The regression model has shown that with a higher rolling speed there is a reduction in the average heat transfer coefficient. Conclusion summarizes the results of the dissertation and proposes which findings can be used in the industry to make the descaling process more effective.
38
Žwaková, Vendula. „Administrativní budova JmP“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The subject of this Master’s thesis was recalculation and design two variants of existing supporting steel structure storey administrative building which is located in the complex of Jihomoravská plynárenská a.s. in the city center of Brno. Dimensions and disposition based on the specifications of the Master‘s thesis. The total height of the structure is 29.46 m and circular platform has a diameter of 16.088 m. The supporting structure of an existing building consists of circumferential lattice structure. The main supporting elements of both variants are columns. Option A has 8 columns. Option B has 16 columns. These two variants were preliminarily designed and statically evaluated. After that was made a comparison of variants, and one was selected for more detailed processing (Option A). This included the calculation of anchorage, draft of mounting joints, technical report and drawing documentation.
39
Kolomazník, Milan. „Predikce koroze trubek pece s využitím provozních dat“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231497.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis deals with the modeling and prediction of corrosion of radiation tube snake in the heating furnace. Specifically it is focused on vertical cylindrical furnace which is included in the catalytic hydrocracking unit and serves for heating aggressive circulation gas which is the cause of high temperature corrosion. An important basis for the creation of computational models are available records about the operation of the furnace and about the corrosion and degradation mechanisms during the lifetime of the tube system in furnace. Such information enables the creation of a computational model which is based on the prediction of high-temperature corrosive damage of radiation tube snake. The computational model involving all relevant factors may serve as the basis for a predictive life management system of radiation snakes in the heating furnace.
40
Navrátil, Ondřej. „Objekt pro administrativmí a logistické účely“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225455.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Design of a steel supporting structure for one-storeyed hall based on ground plan of 60 x 80 m, clear height 10 m and total height 13,3 m. In the front part there is along the whole widht designed two-storeyed skeleton structure penetrating into the hall. From the second floor rods supported frontal part which exceeds ground plan by 2 m and on the right side is closed by pre-set cylindric structure with radius 8,6 m which covers the right frontal corner of building. The cylindric structure is around its perimeter distanced max 3,6 m from hall grand plan and is supported by posts. Both spaces had saddle roof with 8% slant, gutter edge in height 11,6 m, top line in height 12,8 m. Walls are around perimeter closed by horizontal atic in height of 13,3 m. Shape and dimensional design, load specification – stady, utility, climacic load. Calculation of imide forces and further static dimensioning of the main supporting elements and selected details. Elaboration of design documentation (dosposition, production drawing of the anchorage plan, details definited by project supervizor).
41
Beran, Vlastimil. „Blízké pole dipólových antén“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis describes the radiation of dipole antennas in near field area. More methods for evaluation of spatial dipole field arrangement are compared. The work target for practical use is to create software for simulation of near field values placed in planar or cylindrical observation plane. The computer programme is applicable to single dipole or dipole array. The limits for human body exposition of non-ionizing radiation are here implemented for compliance purpose in hygienic evaluations. The simulated results of field distribution are possible to display as graphs or save to data file. The results of own calculation are compared with results obtained by some commercial software as well by measurement of field components under model conditions.
42
Škrla, Milan. „Výkonové tlumivky“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219235.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis dissertate power reactors and analyses techniques of an air-core power coils and inductors with ferromagnetic circuit and an air gap. Construction of the inductors verified the accuracy of the calculated values against the measured parameters. According to the outcome of this analysis, corrections of the design process are derived. Thesis design optimization to minimize size, weight, efficiency and in comparsion of these two factoctors.
43
Žák, Stanislav. „Pole napětí a deformace v okolí trhlin s komplikovanou geometrií čela zatížených ve smykových zátěžných módech“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. CEITEC VUT, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Tato závěrečná práce je shrnutím výzkumu smykově zatěžovaných trhlin, který proběhl v průběhu čtyř let doktorského studia jejich autora Ing. Stanislava Žáka (Středoevropský technologický institut, Vysoké učení technické v Brně). Předložená práce je zaměřena na prohloubení znalostí v oblasti pokročilé lomové mechaniky, konkrétně pro smykové zatěžování trhlin kombinované s případy geometrických odchylek trhlin od běžně používaných modelů. To mimo jiné znamená návrh nových přístupů a modelů a popis součinitelů intenzity napětí pro geometricky komplikované trhliny. První část práce je věnována shrnutí současných přístupů v lomové mechanice a dále i popisu numerických metod, použitých v dalších výpočtech. Kromě klasických přístupů se tato část textu zabývá i novějším výzkumem zaměřeným na smykové zatěžování trhlin, speciálně pro dva typy zkušebních těles – válcový vzorek s obvodovým vrubem a trhlinou zatížený prostým smykem nebo krutem a CTS těleso umožňující zatížení trhliny v módech I, II a také v jejich kombinaci I+II. Další část textu je zaměřena na konkrétní výpočty lomových parametrů při použití nových modelů s komplikovaným čelem trhliny. Teoretické řešení lomových parametrů pro oba výše zmíněné modely je porovnáno s experimentálními výsledky, získanými v navazujících projektech. U modelu válcového vzorku je popsána možnost zjednodušení budoucích modelů těles s podobným typem komplikované trhliny a současně je na něm popsán lokální vliv zubatosti čela trhliny na indukci lokálního zatížení v módu II při globálním zatížení v módu III. Tyto výsledky jsou přímo propojeny s experimentální kvantifikací únavového šíření lomu při zatížení v módu III. CTS těleso je použito k popisu vlivu drsnosti trhliny na součinitele intenzity napětí. Na tomto modelu je pozorován jak globální pokles hodnoty KII při zvyšující se drsnosti trhliny, tak i lokální změny v namáhání trhliny podél jednotlivých nerovností. Výsledky potvrzují, i pro dosud málo zkoumané smykové zatěžování, že mikrostruktura lomových ploch a čela trhliny má vliv na lomové parametry. Rozšiřují tak současné znalosti v oboru lomové mechaniky popisem geometrického stínění čela trhliny pro zátěžné módy II a III.
44
Bílek, Tomáš. „Vícepodlažní administrativní budova ve Zlíně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225572.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Design of a new steel structure administrative building in Zlín. Structure is consist of three parts. The part A is designed of three fields in the transverse direction and five fields in the longitudinal direction. This part is two-storey. The part B is designed of two fields in the transverse direction and three fields in the longitudinal direction. This part is six-storey (five-storey). The part C is designed of two fields in the transverse direction and five fields in the longitudinal direction. This part is four-storey (three, two-storey). In both directions in all parts of the building is the distance between the columns in all fields of 6,0 meters. Structural elevation of all floors is 3,5 meters. Shape and dimension design. Fixed, utility, climatic load. The purpose is confrontation of inner forces and dimensioning of main supporting elements in three variations of structure. Comparsion of variations. More detailed static calculation, drawings for the selected variant. Detailed drawings for part of building.
45
Kovář, Jaroslav. „Pravděpodobnosti porušení keramické součásti s využitím Weibullovy teorie nejslabšího článku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382549.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis compares Weibull weakest link theory with inclusion of one and all three principal stresses. Principal stresses needed for this theory were calculated with finite element method. The informational research is in the introduction of this thesis. It includes ceramic materials, Weibull weakest link theory, Gaussian quadrature over spherical surface and ceramic head of hip joint endoprothesis. Theoretical part is used for next calculations of probability of failure. The probability of failure of ceramic rod loaded by four-point bending is calculated in first calculations. This task is solved as contact in the next step. Next part of this thesis is about selection of suitable method of numerical integration. This method will be used in the calculation with all three principal stresses. The results of calculation with all three principal stresses are compared with the results of the calculation which includes only first principal stress. Firstly, this is done for cylindrical body and then used on head of hip joint endoprothesis. In the last part of this thesis, probability of fracture of head hip joint endoprothesis with shape deviation of nominal conicity is calculated.
46
Puskely, Jan. „Rekonstrukce blízkého pole antén“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cílem disertační práce je navrhnout efektivně pracující algoritmus, který na základě bezfázového měření v blízkém poli antény bude schopen zrekonstruovat komplexní blízké pole antény resp. vyzařovací diagram antény ve vzdáleném poli. Na základě těchto úvah byly zkoumány vlastnosti minimalizačního algoritmu. Zejména byl analyzován a vhodně zvolen minimalizační přistup, optimalizační metoda a v neposlední řadě i optimalizační funkce tzv. funkcionál. Dále pro urychlení celého minimalizačního procesu byly uvažovány prvotní odhady. A na závěr byla do minimalizačního algoritmu zahrnuta myšlenka nahrazující hledané elektrické pole několika koeficienty. Na základě předchozích analýz byla navržená bezfázová metoda pro charakterizaci vyzařovacích vlastností antén. Tato metoda kombinuje globální optimalizaci s obrazovou kompresní metodou a s lokální metodou ve spojení s konvečním amplitudovým měřením na dvou površích. V našem případě je globální optimalizace použita k nalezení globálního minima minimalizovaného funkcionálu, kompresní metoda k redukci neznámých proměnných na apertuře antény a lokální metoda zajišťuje přesnější nalezení minima. Navržená metoda je velmi robustní a mnohem rychlejší než jiné dostupné minimalizační algoritmy. Další výzkum byl zaměřen na možnosti využití měřených amplitud pouze z jednoho měřícího povrchu pro rekonstrukci vyzařovacích charakteristik antén a využití nového algoritmu pro rekonstrukci fáze na válcové geometrii.
47
Lošák, Pavel. „Návrh výměníku tepla dle ČSN EN 13 445“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228943.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Diploma thesis is fucused on strength calculation of the heat exchanger according to ČSN EN 13 445. Introductory part introduce problems with the design of heat exchangers. In other parts there are a strength calculation of the heat exchanger according to ČSN EN 13 445, the results of the analysis with their appreciation. Annexes included output logs from the program Sant 'Ambrogio, and drawings documentation.
48
Hermany, Jiří. „Záření soustav antén v blízké zóně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217536.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The aim of my diploma thesis is to analyze the antenna array radiation and to produce the antenna array radiation computation program. The program should display the electric and magnetic intensity and radiation power density distribution over the planar or cylindrical surface in the near-field area. The antenna array analyzed in this paper consists of a number of elementary dipoles placed in a row with a reflector which represents the conductive board situated in parallel to the row of dipoles. The demonstration program was built in MATLAB and allows computing and displaying the computed values components of antenna array radiation on the planar or the cylindrical surface. The program also allows saving computed values, saving displayed graphs, or saving the adjusted parameters of antenna array. The created program can be used for the presentation of the antenna array radiation in a school laboratory or for the graphical representation when a new antenna is designed.
49
Holušová, Táňa. „Analýza napjatosti a porušení ve zkušebních tělesech používaných pro určování lomově-mechanických parametrů kvazikřehkých materiálů“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225575.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The thesis is focused on a test on determination of the fracture-mechanical parameters of quasi-brittle materials, especially concrete. What is referred to as the wedge-splitting test is considered, for which a variety of shapes of notched specimen can be used. This work is exclusively focused on the cylinder-shaped specimen of diameter 150 mm and breadth of 100 mm. The test is performed virtually using Atena 2D FEM software. Progress of failure is observed during loading of the specimen for various notch lengths. The amount of energy released for the development the failure outside of the tested cross-sectional area (weakened by the notch) is quantified and the size of the fracture process zone is investigated. The described analysis is performed for several material sets witch differ in cohesive properties of the quasi-brittle material expressed via the so-called characteristic length. Suitable proportions of the test specimen are sought, in order to avoid the failure and thus also the energy dissipation outside of the specimen ligament area during the experimental tests, which shall lead to more accurate estimates of fracture-mechanical parameters of the tested material.
50
Klučka, Ivan. „Návrh výměníku tepla“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis is focused on the thermal-hydraulic and construction design of heat exchanger with floating head. The introductory part is dedicated to the design of heat exchangers. Next part is focused on the thermal-hydraulic design created in HTRI software (module Xist. The next section is the strength calculation of selected components of the heat exchanger according to EN 13445 in software Sant'Ambrogio. The following part describes each of the analysis in software Ansys Workbench. The final part contains complete manufacturing documentation of heat exchanger.