Zeitschriftenartikel: „UV index“

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Staiger, Henning, und Peter Koepke. „UV Index forecasting on a global scale“. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 14, Nr. 2 (10.05.2005): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0029.

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MILLER, J. „UV radiation measurements and UV index“. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (September 1998): S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(98)94851-6.

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Césarini, J. P. „Global solar UV index“. Melanoma Research 5 (September 1995): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008390-199509001-00093.

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Repacholi, M. H. „Global Solar UV Index“. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 91, Nr. 1 (02.09.2000): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033226.

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Meunier, L. „Index UV et photoprotection“. Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 140, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2012.10.582.

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Jendritzky, G., H. Staiger und K. Bucher. „UV prognosis and UV index services in Europe“. Melanoma Research 6, SUPPLEMENT 1 (September 1996): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008390-199609001-00037.

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Esteve, A. R., M. J. Marín, J. A. Martínez-Lozano, F. Tena, M. P. Utrillas und J. Cañada. „UV Index on Tilted Surfaces“. Photochemistry and Photobiology 82, Nr. 4 (2006): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/2005-11-30-ra-743.

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8

Letić, Milorad. „Indicator of UV Index Intervals“. Photochemistry and Photobiology 85, Nr. 3 (Mai 2009): 843–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00489.x.

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9

Schmalwieser, Alois W., Julian Gröbner, Mario Blumthaler, Barbara Klotz, Hugo De Backer, David Bolsée, Rolf Werner et al. „UV Index monitoring in Europe“. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 16, Nr. 9 (2017): 1349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00178a.

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Letic, Milorad. „Possible values of UV index in Serbia“. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, Nr. 11-12 (2008): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0812640l.

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INTRODUCTION UV Index is an indicator of human exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) rays. The numerical values of the UV Index range from 1-11 and above. There are three levels of protection against UV radiation; low values of the UV Index - protection is not required, medium values of the UV Index - protection is recommended and high values of the UV Index - protection is obligatory. The value of the UV Index primarily depends on the elevation of the sun and total ozone column. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the intervals of possible maximal annual values of the UV Index in Serbia in order to determine the necessary level of protection in a simple manner. METHOD For maximal and minimal expected values of total column ozone and for maximal elevation of the sun, the value of the UV Index was determined for each month in the Northern and Southern parts of Serbia. These values were compared with the forecast of the UV Index. RESULTS Maximal clear sky values of the UV Index in Serbia for altitudes up to 500m in May, June, July and August can be 9 or even 10, and not less than 5 or 6. During November, December, January and February the UV Index can be 4 at most. During March, April, September and October the expected values of the UV Index are maximally 7 and not less than 3. The forecast of the UV Index is within these limits in 98% of comparisons. CONCLUSION The described method of determination of possible UV Index values showed a high agreement with forecasts. The obtained results can be used for general recommendations in the protection against UV radiation.

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Park, Sang Seo, Yun Gon Lee und Jung Hyun Kim. „Impact of UV-A radiation on erythemal UV and UV-index estimation over Korea“. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 32, Nr. 12 (16.10.2015): 1639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-4231-7.

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Tang, Walter Z., und Mika Sillanpää. „Virus Sensitivity Index of UV disinfection“. Environmental Technology 36, Nr. 11 (03.01.2015): 1464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.994040.

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Fioletov, V. E., J. B. Kerr, L. J. B. McArthur, D. I. Wardle und T. W. Mathews. „Estimating UV Index Climatology over Canada“. Journal of Applied Meteorology 42, Nr. 3 (März 2003): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0417:euicoc>2.0.co;2.

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R. Usikalu, M., T. V. Omotosho, A. O. Ndubuisi, J. A. Achuka, T. J Abodunrin und T. Bello. „Ultraviolet Radiation Index Over Ota, Nigeria“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 4.5 (22.09.2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20047.

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The sun has been observed to emit radiation in three major wavelengths; visible light (400-700nm), infrared radiation (700-1000nm) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) (3.0-400nm). UV possesses a short wavelength, hence, it is more energetic when compared to radiation of longer wavelengths. Davis wireless vantage pro2 weather station was used to obatin the UV radiation data over Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria from May 2012 to December 2013. The research revealed that mean UV index was 5.37. The UV peak time was consistently 12 noon for year 2012, while it was found to be 1:00 pm in March and April for 2013. Thus, the study observed that UV index over Ota is in the moderate range.

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Sharma, Niranjan Prasad. „Variability of Solar UV Index in Nepal“. Journal of the Institute of Engineering 12, Nr. 1 (06.03.2017): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v12i1.16732.

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The paper presents the variability of solar UV index in main cities of Nepal. The latitude and longitude of the cities are (27.72°N, 85.32°E), ( 28.22°N, 83.32°E) and (26.45°N 87.27°E) are located at an elevation of 1350m, 800m and 72m respectively from the sea level. The NILU- UV irradiance meter of serial number (135, 137 and 133) was used to record UV radiation on these stations. From the measurement and data analysis it was found that there were distinct diurnal, hourly mean and spring variations in the UV index. The UV index is primarily controlled by solar zenith angle for both the diurnal and seasonal variations. The highest values of hourly mean UV index was found at noon time in all seasons. Atmospheric parameters such as Solar Zenith angle (SZA), Cloud cover, aerosols and Ozone contribute to the daily fuctuations in the UV Index. The UV Index was found to be 8.72, 9.9 and 9.2 in June 9, in Kathmandu (KTM), Pokhara (PKR) and Biratnagar (BRT).While the UV Index (UVI) in September 27 was found to be 8.52, 8.18 and 9.36 in KTM, PKR and BRT respectively. Daily mean highest UV Index before monsoon at PKR was found to be 10.6 and 8.98 at day number 144 and 100.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 114-119

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Parmar, Ramsinh J., und Jayant S. Parmar. „Polymerizable UV Stabilizers: I“. High Performance Polymers 9, Nr. 1 (März 1997): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/9/1/004.

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The UV stabilizers 2-OH-4-allyloxybenzophenone and its oxime were prepared. They were copolymerized with styrene to give copolymers containing 2–8% UV stabilizers. The films were exposed to UV light and tested for any change in the carbonyl index, hydroxyl index, tensile strength, elongation at break and evaporation loss. The stabilization efficiency was evaluated by comparing with similar testing on pure polystyrene.

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Tereszchuk, Keith A., Yves J. Rochon, Chris A. McLinden und Paul A. Vaillancourt. „Optimizing UV Index determination from broadband irradiances“. Geoscientific Model Development 11, Nr. 3 (27.03.2018): 1093–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1093-2018.

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Abstract. A study was undertaken to improve upon the prognosticative capability of Environment and Climate Change Canada's (ECCC) UV Index forecast model. An aspect of that work, and the topic of this communication, was to investigate the use of the four UV broadband surface irradiance fields generated by ECCC's Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) numerical prediction model to determine the UV Index. The basis of the investigation involves the creation of a suite of routines which employ high-spectral-resolution radiative transfer code developed to calculate UV Index fields from GEM forecasts. These routines employ a modified version of the Cloud-J v7.4 radiative transfer model, which integrates GEM output to produce high-spectral-resolution surface irradiance fields. The output generated using the high-resolution radiative transfer code served to verify and calibrate GEM broadband surface irradiances under clear-sky conditions and their use in providing the UV Index. A subsequent comparison of irradiances and UV Index under cloudy conditions was also performed. Linear correlation agreement of surface irradiances from the two models for each of the two higher UV bands covering 310.70–330.0 and 330.03–400.00 nm is typically greater than 95 % for clear-sky conditions with associated root-mean-square relative errors of 6.4 and 4.0 %. However, underestimations of clear-sky GEM irradiances were found on the order of ∼ 30–50 % for the 294.12–310.70 nm band and by a factor of ∼ 30 for the 280.11–294.12 nm band. This underestimation can be significant for UV Index determination but would not impact weather forecasting. Corresponding empirical adjustments were applied to the broadband irradiances now giving a correlation coefficient of unity. From these, a least-squares fitting was derived for the calculation of the UV Index. The resultant differences in UV indices from the high-spectral-resolution irradiances and the resultant GEM broadband irradiances are typically within 0.2–0.3 with a root-mean-square relative error in the scatter of ∼ 6.6 % for clear-sky conditions. Similar results are reproduced under cloudy conditions with light to moderate clouds, with a relative error comparable to the clear-sky counterpart; under strong attenuation due to clouds, a substantial increase in the root-mean-square relative error of up to 35 % is observed due to differing cloud radiative transfer models.

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Nebioglu, Ahmet, Joseph A. Leon und Igor V. Khudyakov. „New UV-Curable High Refractive Index Oligomers“. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47, Nr. 7 (April 2008): 2155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie071443f.

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Allinson, Sarah, Monika Asmuss, Cornelia Baldermann, Joan Bentzen, David Buller, Nathalie Gerber, Adele C. Green et al. „Validity and use of the UV Index“. Health Physics 103, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp0b013e31825b581e.

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Carter, Owen B. J., und Robert J. Donovan. „Public (Mis)understanding of the UV Index“. Journal of Health Communication 12, Nr. 1 (17.01.2007): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730601093371.

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Utrillas, M. P., J. A. Martínez-Lozano, A. R. Esteve, D. Serrano und M. J. Marín. „UV Index experimental values on vertical surfaces“. International Journal of Climatology 32, Nr. 13 (31.08.2011): 2066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2423.

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Jo, H., Y. Jung, S. Kim und E. Kim. „1133 System for measuring UV protection index“. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 138, Nr. 5 (Mai 2018): S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1147.

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Letic, Milorad. „Determination of the need for solar UV radiation protection“. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, Nr. 11-12 (2010): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1012752l.

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Introduction. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin, the eyes and the immune system are well known. The need for UV radiation protection is popularized by the introduction of UV index. Uneven intensity of UV radiation in different regions in different periods of the year and in different times of the day requires that recommendations for UV radiation protection are given for possible UV index values in those regions. Objective. The aim of the study is to establish a simple and consistent method for the determination of the need for UV radiation protection in Serbia where UV radiation intensity can be approximated as uniform. Methods. Possible values of UV index during the year and the sun elevation during the day in periods throughout the year were used for the determination of maximal possible UV index values. These values were compared to UV index forecasts regarding UV radiation protection. Results. Maximal possible values for UV index were used for producing the colour graph. Colours on the graph indicate the need for UV radiation protection. Green - protection is not needed, yellow - protection is needed, red - protection is obligatory. Comparisons with the need for protection based on forecasts showed congruence in 97% of cases. Conclusion. The use of the graph for the determination of the need for UV radiation protection gives nearly the same results as recommendations based on UV index forecasts. The advantages of the graph are that it gives recommendations for the whole year, for the time intervals during the day in every period of the year and for the whole territory of Serbia.

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Chadyšienė, Renata, und Aloyzas Girgždys. „ERITEMINĖS ULTRAVIOLETINĖS SPINDULIUOTĖS POKYČIŲ ANALIZĖ“. Sveikatos mokslai 23, Nr. 6 (21.12.2013): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2013.128.

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In this article the erythemally weighted UV radiation intensity variations during 2002-2011 were analysed. Also UV radiation intensity and total ozone data in this paper were analysed, because the UV index is directly dependent on the intensity of UV radiation, and most of the UV radiation is absorbed by stratospheric ozone. During 2002-2011 in the course of UV index - the upward trend was observed, and in the total ozone values - the downward trend was observed. During the investigated period in Lithuania the maximum UV index values (very high) on clear sky summer days were determined.

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Krzyścin, Janusz W., Janusz Jarosławski und Piotr Sobolewski. „On an improvement of UV index forecast: UV index diagnosis and forecast for Belsk, Poland, in Spring/Summer 1999“. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 63, Nr. 15 (Oktober 2001): 1593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(01)00041-4.

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Wang, Yanzhi, Haiyan Wang, Xuesong Li, Dongxu Liu, Yifan Jiang und Zonghui Sun. „/UV Synergistic Aging of Polyester Polyurethane Film Modified by Composite UV Absorber“. Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/169405.

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The pure polyester polyurethane (TPU) film and the modified TPU (M-TPU) film containing 2.0 wt.% inorganic UV absorbers mixture (nano-ZnO/CeO2with weight ratio of 3 : 2) and 0.5 wt.% organic UV absorbers mixture (UV-531/UV-327 with weight ratio of 1 : 1) were prepared by spin-coating technique. The accelerated aging tests of the films exposed to constant UV radiation of 400 ± 20 µW/cm2(313 nm) with an ozone atmosphere of 100 ± 2 ppm were carried out by using a self-designed aging equipment at ambient temperature and relative humidity of 20%. The aging resistance properties of the films were evaluated by UV-Vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), photooxidation index, and carbonyl index analysis. The results show that the composite UV absorber has better protection for TPU system, which reduces distinctly the degradation of TPU film. O3/UV aging of the films increases with incremental exposure time. PI and CI of TPU and M-TPU films increase with increasing exposure time, respectively. PI and CI of M-TPU films are much lower than that of TPU film after the same time of exposure, respectively. Distinct synergistic aging effect exists between ozone aging and UV aging when PI and CI are used as evaluation index, respectively. Of course, the formula of these additives needs further improvement for industrial application.

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Philipose, Roshan, und Sarasija P B. „Gutman Index and Harary Index of Unitary Cayley Graphs“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3 (30.06.2018): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13269.

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In this paper, we determine the Gutman Index and Harary Index of Unitary Cayley Graphs. The Unitary Cayley Graph Xn is the graph with vertex set V(Xn) ={u|u∈ Zn} and edge set {uv|gcd(u−v, n) = 1 and u, v ∈ Zn }, where Zn ={0,1,...,n−1}.

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Duarte Almeida, Rivanildo, Raimundo Barreto, Eduardo Souto und Jandecy Cabral Leite. „IoT System for Ultraviolet Ray Index Monitoring“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, Nr. 12 (31.12.2019): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss12.2087.

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Este artigo apresenta um sistema de monitoramento de índice ultravioleta usando aplicativos de IoT. O objetivo é auxiliar na prevenção de doenças causadas pela radiação solar ultravioleta por meio de mensagens de aviso com medidas preventivas a cada alteração no nível do índice ultravioleta ao longo do tempo. O monitoramento do índice de UV é de fundamental importância para a prevenção de várias doenças, como câncer de pele, doenças cardiovasculares, falta de cálcio e outras. O sistema apresentou bons resultados no monitoramento do índice UV, apresentando valores medidos dos índices UV de acordo com a radiação solar observada durante os experimentos, classificados de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS).

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Marín, M. J., Y. Sola, F. Tena, M. P. Utrillas, E. Campmany, X. de Cabo, J. Lorente und J. A. Martínez-Lozano. „The UV Index on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast¶“. Photochemistry and Photobiology 81, Nr. 3 (2005): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/2004-11-25-ra-380.1.

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Sharma, Niranjan Prasad. „Solar UV Index at Different Altitudes of Nepal“. Journal of the Institute of Engineering 14, Nr. 1 (04.06.2018): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v14i1.20085.

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The main objective of this research is to study the satellite estimated solar Ultraviolet data alongside the ground based data in Nepal. Kathmandu (27.72°N, 85.32°>E), Pokhara (28.22°N, 83.32°E) Biratnagar (26.45°N, 87.27°E) and Lukla (27.69°N, 86.73°E) are located at an elevation of 1350m, 800m, 72m and 2850m respectively from the sea level. The ground based measurements and the satellite estimation were performed by NILU-UV irradiance meter and EOS Aura OMI satellite respectively. The NILU-UV irradiance meter is a six channel radiometer designed to measure hemispherical irradiances on a flat surface. Meanwhile the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board, the NASA EOS Aura space craft is a nadir viewing spectrometer that measures solar reflected and back scattered light in ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The study was performed for 3 years Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) data. This study showed that the ratio of predicted OMI Ultraviolet Index (UVI) to that determined from the ground based measurement was less than 1.21 except in Lukla.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 200-205

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Coldiron, B. „The UV index: a weather report for skin“. Clinics in Dermatology 16, Nr. 4 (08.07.1998): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-081x(98)00017-0.

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Meffert, H., P. Meffert, G. Kolde und E. Rowe. „Ein einfaches Verfahren zum Abschätzen des UV-Index“. Aktuelle Dermatologie 35, Nr. 01/02 (08.10.2008): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1077624.

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Madronich, Sasha. „Analytic Formula for the Clear-sky UV Index“. Photochemistry and Photobiology 83, Nr. 6 (November 2007): 1537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00200.x.

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Zeller, M., T. Lasser, H. G. Limberger und G. Maze. „UV-induced index changes in Undoped Fluoride glass“. Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, Nr. 2 (Februar 2005): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2004.841781.

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Koepke, Peter, Alkiviadis Bais, Dimitrios Balis, Michael Buchwitz, Hugo Backer, Xavier Cabo, Pierre Eckert et al. „Comparison of Models Used for UV Index Calculations“. Photochemistry and Photobiology 67, Nr. 6 (Juni 1998): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09109.x.

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Marín, M. J., Y. Sola, F. Tena, M. P. Utrillas, E. Campmany, X. Cabo, J. Lorente und J. A. Martínez-Lozano. „The UV Index on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast¶“. Photochemistry and Photobiology 81, Nr. 3 (30.04.2007): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00241.x.

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Fergusson, A. „Environment Canada's Children's UV Index Sun Awareness Programme“. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 91, Nr. 1 (02.09.2000): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033228.

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Hatsusaka, Natsuko, Yusuke Seki, Norihiro Mita, Yuki Ukai, Hisanori Miyashita, Eri Kubo, David Sliney und Hiroshi Sasaki. „UV Index Does Not Predict Ocular Ultraviolet Exposure“. Translational Vision Science & Technology 10, Nr. 7 (01.06.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.7.1.

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Wang, Haiyan, Yanzhi Wang, Dongxu Liu, Zonghui Sun und Huicong Wang. „Effects of Additives on Weather-Resistance Properties of Polyurethane Films Exposed to Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone Atmosphere“. Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/487343.

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Three polyurethane films were prepared by adding the antioxidant-1010 and the composite stabilizer to the polyurethane matrix, respectively. The accelerated weathering tests were performed by using self-designed UV/ozone aging test device. The color difference, yellowness index, UV-Vis spectrum, and infrared spectrum were recorded with colorimeter apparatus, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that, for the polyurethane film, the composite stabilizer can remarkably decrease UV transmission, the antioxidant-1010 and the composite stabilizer can markedly decrease the photooxidation index and the carbonyl index, respectively, and the antioxidant-1010 can significantly improve the antiyellowing properties after 60 h exposure. With incremental exposure time for the three films, UV-Vis transmission decreases, the photooxidation index, the carbonyl index, color difference, and yellowness index increase gradually. Under current experimental conditions, the order of UV/O3aging resistance from highness to lowness is as follows: the polyurethane film modified by the antioxidant-1010, the polyurethane film modified by composite stabilizer, and the pure polyurethane film.

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García-Ruiz, Rubén A., Javier López-Martínez, José L. Blanco-Claraco, José Pérez-Alonso und Ángel J. Callejón-Ferre. „Ultraviolet Index (UVI) inside an Almería-Type Greenhouse (Southeastern Spain)“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 1 (19.01.2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010145.

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Greenhouse workers, despite being in a space beneath a plastic cover, may be susceptible to risks associated to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in skin and eyes. The present work focuses on experimentally analysing this risk throughout a complete year. For this purpose, a network of sensors has been designed, comprising 12 UV radiation measuring stations inside the greenhouse and one outside. It is shown that the UVI risk limit established by World Health Organization (WHO) is exceeded for some particular dates and times, thus there exist risk of damage caused by UV radiation for greenhouse workers. The results allow to identify the UV risk periods for the location studied. A diagram called “UVIgram” has been created which offers weather and UV radiation information for a particular location, for each month, and also in general for the whole year. Finally, a series of recommendations and protection measures are given, highlighting the whitening of the plastic cover of the greenhouse and an alarm system which has been designed to alert workers when UV risk exists.

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Fath-Tabar, G. H., A. Hamzeh und S. Hossein-Zadeh. „GA2 index of some graph operations“. Filomat 24, Nr. 1 (2010): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1001021f.

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Let G = (V, E) be a graph. For e = uv ? E(G), nu (e) is the number of vertices of G lying closer to u than to v and nv (e) is the number of vertices of G lying closer to v than u. The GA2 index of G is defined as ?uv?E(G) 2? nu(e)nv(e) / nu(e) + nv(e). We explore here some mathematical properties and present explicit formulas for this new index under several graph operations. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classifications. 05C12, 05A15, 05A20, 05C05. .

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Pitkänen, M. R. A., A. Arola, K. Lakkala, T. Koskela und A. V. Lindfors. „Comparing OMI UV index to ground-based measurements at two Finnish sites with focus on cloud-free and overcast conditions“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, Nr. 1 (14.01.2015): 487–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-487-2015.

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Abstract. Satellite based surface UV product of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument OMI was validated using ground based UV measurements from the two Finnish sites Jokioinen and Sodankylä. The goal was to further investigate the observed positive UV bias of the OMI UV product focusing on how it may be connected to cloudiness during the overpass of the Aura satellite. A total of seven years of summer time data was used to compare OMI UV index to a reference UVI observed on the ground with Solar Light 501 broadband radiometers. Cloudiness during satellite overpass was determined with auxiliary ground based observations on sunshine duration, cloud cover and global radiation as well as the satellite based MODIS cloud cover estimates. The analysis aimed to minimize the error sources from temporal discrepancies and from the differences in the field of view of OMI and its ground based reference data. As a result, OMI UV product was seen to overestimate surface UV index by 21% in average and overcast UV index up to 56%. The study confirms that OMI UV index is overestimated compared to ground based reference, and shows, that the bias is related to cloudiness and is higher during well defined overcast conditions.

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Schallhart, B., M. Blumthaler, J. Schreder und J. Verdebout. „A method to generate near real time UV-Index maps of Austria“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, Nr. 1 (06.02.2008): 2143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-2143-2008.

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Abstract. A method is presented that combines individual ground based ultraviolet (UV) measurements from the Austrian UVB monitoring network and area-wide data of the distribution of clouds derived from satellite images to generate a UV-Index map all over the region. The Austrian UVB Monitoring network provides near real time ground based measurements of surface UV irradiance from fifteen selected locations throughout and in the vicinity of Austria. The amount of ultraviolet radiation passing through the atmosphere as measured by the UVB detectors is indicated in units of the UV-Index, the internationally agreed unit for erythemally weighted solar UV irradiance. Together with clear sky model calculations the measured UV-Index is used to determine the cloud modification factor (CMF), a scaling factor giving the reduction of radiation due to the presence of clouds. Moreover satellite images from MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) with a time resolution of 15 min and a spatial resolution of 0.05° are received. From the satellite images the CMFs for the area of Austria are obtained using an algorithm provided by Jean Verdebout. Then both independent data sets of cloud modification factors are checked for consistency by comparing satellite derived and ground based values at the positions of the monitoring stations. If necessary the satellite derived cloud modification factors are corrected by about ±20% according to the results of the ground based measurements. Afterwards realistic UV-Index maps of the whole area are generated by scaling model derived UV-Indexes with the corresponding cloud modification factors. Since all the data is available in almost real time, the calculated UV-Index maps are available in the web at http://www.uv-index.at/ with a time delay of about 30 min.

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Gao, Wei, Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, Muhammad Naeem und Muhammad Imran. „Computing multiple ABC index and multiple GA index of some grid graphs“. Open Physics 16, Nr. 1 (16.10.2018): 588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0077.

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AbstractTopological indices are the atomic descriptors that portray the structures of chemical compounds and they help us to anticipate certain physico-compound properties like boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization and steadiness. The atom bond connectivity (ABC) index and geometric arithmetic (GA) index are topological indices which are defined as $ABC(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{\frac{d_u+d_v-2}{d_ud_v}}$ and $GA(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\frac{2\sqrt{d_ud_v}}{d_u+d_v}$ , respectively, where du is the degree of the vertex u. The aim of this paper is to introduced the new versions of ABC index and GA index namely multiple atom bond connectivity (ABC) index and multiple geometric arithmetic (GA) index. As an application, we have computed these newly defined indices for the octagonal grid $O_p^q$ , the hexagonal grid H(p, q) and the square grid Gp, q. Also, we compared these results obtained with the ones by other indices like the ABC4 index and the GA5 index.

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Lopo, Alexandre Boleira, Maria Helena Constantino Spyrides, Paulo Sérgio Lucio und Javier Sigró. „UV Index Modeling by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL Model)“. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 04, Nr. 02 (2014): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2014.42033.

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Vitt, Ronja, Gudrun Laschewski, Alkiviadis Bais, Henri Diémoz, Ilias Fountoulakis, Anna-Maria Siani und Andreas Matzarakis. „UV-Index Climatology for Europe Based on Satellite Data“. Atmosphere 11, Nr. 7 (08.07.2020): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070727.

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The UV-Index (UVI) is aimed at the prevention of skin cancer as well as other negative implications of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In order to support health related applications, assessments and planning that rely on long term data in high spatial resolution and as there exist only limited ground-based measurements, satellite products from reliable atmospheric monitoring services are used as sustainable data sources to create a climatology of the UVI at the local noon. In this study, the (all-sky) UVI as well as the hypothetically clear-sky UVI were analysed for the European region from 30° North to 65° North and from 25° West to 35° East in a spatial resolution of 0.05° for the time period 1983 to 2015. Maps of the monthly mean UVI provide an overview of the distribution of UVI for Europe as well as the spatial and temporal differences and regional variability at local solar noon. Additionally, eight selected locations provide insight into the effects of latitude and altitude on UVI in Europe. Monthly boxplots for each location provide information about regional differences in the variability of UVI, showing maximum variability in Northern and Central Europe in summer, where in Southern Europe this basically occurs in spring. The frequency of the World Health Organization exposure categories moderate, high and very high UVI is provided based on ten-day means for each month. The maximum difference between mean values per decade of 2006–2015 compared to 1983–1992 ranges from −1.2 to +1.2 for UVI and from −0.4 to +0.6 for UVI c l e a r − s k y . All locations, except the Northern European site, show an increase of UVI during spring and early summer months. A statistically significant increase in the annual mean all-sky UVI has been found for four sites, which ranges from +1.2% to +3.6% per decade. The latest eleven-year period of the UVI climatology (2005–2015) has been validated with UVI measured in five sites. The sites that are located north of the Alps show an underestimation of the UVI, likely due to the cloud modification. In the south, the UVI climatology provides values that are on average overestimated, possibly related to the use of climatological aerosol information. For the site within the Alps, a switch between underestimation and overestimation during the course of the year has been found. 7% to 9% of the UVI values of the climatology differ from the measured UVI by more than one unit.

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Farouk, H., R. H. Hamid, Hamdy K. Elminir und A. Abulwfa. „Ground-based measurements of UV Index (UVI) at Helwan“. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics 1, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2012): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrjag.2012.12.012.

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Feister, Uwe, Gudrun Laschewski und Rolf-Dieter Grewe. „UV index forecasts and measurements of health-effective radiation“. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 102, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.09.005.

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Ivashchenko, G., O. Sergijenko und O. Torbaniuk. „Composite spectra of quasars with different UV spectral index“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 437, Nr. 4 (29.11.2013): 3343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2137.

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Danailov, M. B., T. Gasmi und P. Apai. „Transient refraction index changes in UV-exposed optical fibres“. Electronics Letters 32, Nr. 5 (1996): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19960305.

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