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Dissertationen zum Thema „Urbanization“
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1
Kalarickal, Jerry. „Urbanization in developing countries“. Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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2
Ge, Tong. „Urbanization in post-reform China“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580081.
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3
Panudulkitti, Panupong. „Urbanization and Poverty Reduction Outcomes“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/45.
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This dissertation attempts to examine the effect of urbanization on poverty reduction outcomes by considering various dimensions of poverty and channels of reducing poverty. First, we develop a theoretical model in order to infer a relationship between urbanization and poverty reduction outcomes. Specifically, it shows an optimal level of urbanization to properly allocate basic public infrastructure and promote pro-poor growth. Second, we conduct empirical analysis on international data to examine the testable hypotheses that are derived from the theoretical model. Further, we explore the “channeled effects” of urbanization on basic education and health by the IV estimation and on productivity by the dynamic panel GMM estimation. As the theoretical model suggests, our results exhibit the statistically significant relationship in a non-linear form between urbanization and poverty. In addition, we explore the impact of urbanization on poverty reduction outcomes in different regions in order to see the various magnitudes of urbanization effects among regions.
4
Ali, Aleena. „Optimizing Urbanization in South Asia“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1571.
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Over the next few decades, urban populations in Pakistan and India are projected to increase by 350 million. Considered to be a critical driver of economic modernization and sociopolitical progress, urbanization can catalyze numerous benefits. However, the extent to which it proves beneficial is contingent on the manner in which national and sub-national leaders respond to the multitude of challenges associated with urban spatial expansion and population growth. This thesis outlines key policy priorities for Indian and Pakistani leaders and puts forth recommendations that aim to optimize urban expansion for greater prosperity and livability. It employs a comprehensive set of methodologies to examine the true extent and characteristics of urbanization in India and Pakistan. On the basis of existing and projected dynamics of urbanization and identification of key factors that currently impede the leveraging of urbanization, it offers a range of policy proposals that aim to leverage urban growth through optimizing urban planning processes and governance, urban mobility and the spatial distribution of urban populations.
5
Gosling, Maria-Cristina. „The urbanization of colonial Brazil : an incremental approach /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10796.
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6
Afeku, Kizito. „Urbanization and Flooding in Accra,Ghana“. Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1123271331.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 53 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).
7
Ozaksoy, Gonca. „Urbanization And Social Thought In Turkey“. Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606088/index.pdf.
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Each social thought has reflection in space. Especially, the urban space becomes the transformer for these thoughtsideologies. Material activities and the ideological concepts of social processes are related to space. In fact, they need to be embodied within the very dynamics of space. To see the effects of ideologies within urban space, there is a need for analyzing the urbanization in terms of social thought Therefore, in order to understand social phenomena, it is also important to conceive their spatial determinations, and their reflection in the urban space. Related to this thought, in this study the relationship between the social thought and the urban space is examined. Accordingly, the opinions of experts in Turkey are examined throughout the concept of the study. By using the technique of depth-interview, academicians&rsquo
evaluations are gathered.
8
Kamaci, Ebru. „Re-reading Urbanization Experience Of Istanbul“. Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614229/index.pdf.
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In 2000 more than one fifth of Istanbul&rsquos population lived in a different place than their place of residence five years ago. If we consider that the 2000 population of Istanbul was around some 9.2 million, this figure means that nearly 2 million people were not living in 2000 where they used to live in 1995. Of these two million mobiles, more than half (11.5% of total) were intra-urban movers who moved from one district to another in Istanbul in the same period. Changing the place of residence can be seen as one of the major sources of changing in the socio-spatial composition of a city. In the case of Istanbul, intra-urban mobility or Residential Mobility is the major process that redistributes people in the city since the 1990s. In simplistic words, Residential Mobility is one of the fundamental decision making process which in turn is influenced by macro processes of economic, social and demographic changes in urban setting of a city which are also the determinants of urbanization, and the urban setting of a city is an outcome of mobility decisions of households at the aggregate level. In this regard, this study on residential mobility behaviours of households in Istanbul presents an avenue to further our understanding of the urbanization experience of Istanbul. In the broader context, this study focusses on the period between 1980 and 2000. It is well-known that the post-1980 period shows quite different urbanization setting from the former ones in terms of demographic, economic, political and socio-spatial settings in the world, as well as in Turkey. Within this backdrop, changing characteristics of population as that of economic structure provides unique backdrop to explore how residential mobility changes in metropolitan areas. Moreover, this study is an attempt to reach clear understanding of residential mobility which is one of the poorly understood and studied dynamics of Turkish urbanization.
9
Gaubert, Claire. „Three essays on Urbanization in China“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD020.
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L'augmentation constante des températures combinée à la multiplication des catastrophes naturelles changent tous les jours un peu plus la donne en terme d'immigration. Pourtant, leurs effets sur la migration au sein d'un même pays ne sont que trop peu connus. La Chine, avec ses zones climatiques diverses, ses nombreuses catastrophes naturelles et son faible taux d'urbanisation, est un lieu propice à l'étude de ce phénomène. Cette thèse offre trois études empiriques qui, dans un premier temps, dresse un état des lieux des déterminants de l'urbanisation chinoise, pour ensuite évaluer l'influence des variations climatiques mais aussi d'une catastrophe naturelle sur les flux de migration entre les campagnes et les villes.Entre rivalité et synergie : Une analyse spatiale de l'urbanisation des provinces chinoises.Le chapitre 2 repense l'étude des déterminants de l'urbanisation en incluant les possibles interactions spatiales entre provinces chinoises voisines, et ce, entre 1980 et 2015. Ce travail contribue à la littérature économique en apportant des éléments nouveaux pour expliquer le développement urbain très inégal présent en Chine. Il contribue également aux travaux d'économie régionale puisque j'utilise un modèle Spatial Durbin Error (SDEM) pour tester l'existence d'interactions spatiales entre provinces. Ce faisant, je peux estimer quels sont les déterminants de l'urbanisation d'une province chinoise, tout en prenant en compte l'influence que pourrait avoir sa proximité avec d'autres villes. Les résultats montrent l'existence d'un effet de synergie entre provinces voisines. Être géographiquement proche d'une province attractive -caractérisée par un fort PIB par habitant, une population dense et un système de transport efficient- entraîne bel et bien une augmentation du taux d'urbanisation d'une province donnée. Cependant, cette relation n'est pas monotone. La croissance des villes peut engendrer de la compétition entre voisins lorsque la province voisine atteint un certain niveau de richesse économique, et donc d'attractivité. Est-ce que les villes sont des refuges pour les ruraux qui font face à des variations climatiques? Etude du cas chinois.Le chapitre 3 met en lumière le lien entre les variations climatiques et la migration rural-urbaine, entre 1992 et 2012, en China. On fait l'hypothèse implicite que les anomalies météorologiques affectent la production agricole, et de ce fait, le revenu des agriculteurs. Par conséquent, cela impacte leurs incitations mais aussi leurs moyens financiers nécessaires pour migrer vers les villes. Ce qui, par suite, influe sur la taille des villes. Ce travail contribue à la littérature en utilisant une mesure inhabituelle de l'urbanisation, qui ne dépend ni de données récoltées lors de recensement, ni d'une définition de la ville basée sur ses frontières administratives. J'utilise ainsi la luminosité des villes la nuit pour estimer la taille de celles-ci, et ce sur des données de panel à l'échelle de grids. Ce faisant, les résultats montrent l'existence d'un impact significatif des variations météorologiques tout autour d'une ville, sur la taille de celle-ci. Cet impact diffère selon la nature de l'intempérie. Un déficit de précipitations a plus de chances d'avoir des répercussions sur les flux migratoires que les surplus précipitations. Ce premier engendre un flux de migration vers les villes l'année même où la sécheresse affecte la récolte des agriculteurs, mais les résultats tendent à montrer que cette migration est temporaire et ne sert qu'à maintenir un revenu stable pour le ménage sur le court-terme. Les inondations, qui sont elles plus semblables à des catastrophes naturelles brutales, qu'un changement météorologique graduel, ont plutôt un effet négatif sur la migration. Cette différence entre les deux types de catastrophes naturelles est étudiée plus en détail dans le chapitre suivant. (...)Increasing weather variations along more frequent natural disasters set new living conditions worldwide. Yet, their impacts on internal migration are still not fully understood. China, characterized by diverse climate zones, frequent natural disasters and a still low urbanization rate, is a great field experiment to analyze this potential link. The present thesis provides three empirical studies that first give an insight on Chinese urban determinants to later investigate the implications of both weather variations and natural disasters on rural-urban migration.Between Rivalry and Synergy: A spatial analysis of urbanization in Chinese provinces.Chapter 2 revisits the study of urbanization driving forces by looking at spatial interactions among Chinese provinces over the 1980-2015 period. This work contributes to the literature by bringing new elements to explain the great diversity in China urban development. It also contributes to the regional science literature by using the Spatial Durbin Error Model to explore the presence of spatial spillovers. Using this method, I test the determinants of urbanization, controlling for the influence of close proximity to other cities. I find evidence of a synergy effect between neighboring provinces. Being close to an attractive province -characterized by a high GDP per-capita, dense population or an efficient transportation system- triggers one province urbanization. Yet, the relation is not monotonous, the urban process becomes competitive between neighboring provinces when one province reaches a certain threshold of economic wealth. Are cities shelters for rural dwellers experiencing weather variations? Evidence from China.Chapter 3 highlights the link between weather variations and rural-urban migration, between 1992 and 2012, in China. The implied hypothesis is that weather anomalies affect crop productivity as well as farmers' income. It later changes their incentives and financial means to migrate toward cities, impacting cities size. The main contribution lies on the use of an original measure of urbanization that does not rely on either census data or any urban definition based on administrative borders. Indeed, I test this assumption using a grid-level panel dataset and nighttime light intensity as a proxy for city size. I find a significant link between weather variations in surrounding areas and cities' size. Yet, the effects differ according to the type of weather variation. Rainfall shortages are more likely to affect migratory behaviors than rainfall surpluses. Results suggest that these former trigger short-term migration to cities when the latter.When does it go back to normal? A Natural Experiment on Wenchuan earthquake impact on migration to cities.Chapter 3 uses Wenchuan earthquake as a natural experiment for investigating the impact of a sudden natural hazard on city size nearby, along with the efficiency of Chinese government plan to reconstruct. I contribute to the literature by being the first to analyze out-migration from rural areas following Wenchuan earthquake. Using the Synthetic Control Method, results show negative effects of Wenchuan earthquake on Sichuan city size. In accordance with the results in this thesis previous chapter, natural hazards prevent migration from happening. Cities, also damaged by the event, no longer attract migrants. In addition, I find evidence that, three years after the shock, in 2011, the effects on city size are null. Sichuan experiences a “back to trend” migratory flows, suggesting that rapid-onset naturals disasters have no permanent impact on migration patterns. The timing of this return-to-trend exactly coincides with the end of the three-year reconstruction plan led by Chinese government, suggesting the effiency of the latter
10
Ackefjord, Sandra, und Young-Jae Peder Tuvesson. „Urban Sounds : Interactive feel of urbanization“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18670.
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To make use of animation and audio as a media to convey a sense of change, was an important aspect when we chose to focus on urbanisation. It is an opportunity that allows the participants to discuss how influenceable we are to the sounds we hear in our surroundings. This bachelor thesis aims to demonstrate and educate about the effects and impact of urbanisation on humans and their well-being. In order to achieve a result, we created an audiovisual interactive installation that will portray the changes that have taken place over a period of 100 years, from the early 1900s into the 2000s. Factors such as urbanization, mental health, audio and images will be treated in-depth in what way they affect human well-being in urban areas. It gave us the knowledge to understand the historical value of the use of sound and images to be able to convey our message, with the cooperation of Blekingearkivet. We chose to start with Nina Hällgrens theories about how we can create auditory sustainable urban environments in order to understand how influenceable we are by noise. Yvonne Eriksson and Anette Göthlund gave us the tools to appreciate the importance of the visual expression. In the survey, we have used methods and techniques specifically suited to support to and complete the design process that has been made.Att använda sig av animering och ljud som medier för att förmedla en känsla av förändring, är en viktig aspekt när vi har valde att fokusera på urbanisering. Det är en möjlighet som ger deltagarna att diskutera hur påverkbar vi är av de ljud vi hör vår omgivning. Detta kandidatarbete syftar till att påvisa och uppmärksamma om urbaniseringens påverkan på människor och dess välmående. För att uppnå ett resultat utförde vi en audiovisuell interaktiv installation som ska gestalta förändringarna som har skett under en period på 100 år, från tidigt 1900-tal in på 2000-talet. Faktorer som urbanisering, mental hälsa, ljud och bild kommer behandlas djupgående på vilket sätt de påverkar människors välmående i urbana miljöer. Det gav oss kunskap till att förstå det historiska värdet av att använda oss av ljud och bild för att kunna förmedla vårt budskap, när vi har samarbetat med Blekingearkivet. Vi valde att utgå från Nina Hällgrens teorier om hur vi kan skapa auditiva hållbara stadsmiljöer för att förstå hur påverkbara vi är av buller. Yvonne Eriksson och Anette Göthlund gav oss verktyg för att uppskatta fotografiets betydelse i det visuella uttrycket. I undersökningen har vi använt oss av metoder och tekniker speciellt anpassade stöd för att genomföra och fullfölja den designprocess som har gjorts.
11
Ligtenberg, Jora. „Runoff changes due to urbanization: A review“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130507.
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Urbanization causes changes in the water balance. Focusing on runoff, the aim of this report was to determine how both the magnitude and the form of this component change with urbanization. Also, solutions for decreasing the possible problems related to an increase in surface runoff were examined. Solutions were studied for both a general European situation and for the specific case of the Netherlands. Already after converting a forested area into agriculture, the runoff becomes more prominent, at the expense of evaporation and infiltration. When developing further into an urban area, its importance increases even more. In the last few years, various scientists have come up with suggestions of reducing the risks caused by increased runoff. Some examples are increasing the infiltration capacity or storing the excess water in cities. Considering the predicted future climate scenarios, water storage seems to be the best option. In the Netherlands, expanding the areas for water storage is the main subject of governmental research at the moment. On top of that, researchers advice to cooperate more between different stakeholders when considering water management. The main findings are thus that runoff increases with an increasing imperviousness of the surface, and the best solution to avoid problems caused by this enhanced amount of runoff seems to be the storage of excess water in cities. This solution is valid for both a general situation and in the Netherlands.
12
Trusilova, Kristina. „Urbanization impacts on the climate in Europe /“. Jena : MPI-BGC, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016080553&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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13
Haas, Jan. „Remote Sensing of Urbanization and Environmental Impacts“. Licentiate thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123500.
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The unprecedented growth of urban areas all over the globe is nowadays maybe most apparent in China having undergone rapid urbanization since the late 1970s. The need for new residential, commercial and industrial areas leads to new urban regions challenging sustainable development and the maintenance and creation of a high living standard as well as the preservation of ecological functionality. Therefore, timely and reliable information on land-cover changes and their consequent environmental impacts are needed to support sustainable urban development.The objective of this research is the analysis of land-cover changes, especially the development of urban areas in terms of speed, magnitude and resulting implications for the natural and rural environment using satellite imagery and the quantification of environmental impacts with the concepts of ecosystem services and landscape metrics. The study areas are the cities of Shanghai and Stockholm and the three highly-urbanized Chinese regions Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. The analyses are based on classification of optical satellite imagery (Landsat TM/ETM+ and HJ-1A/B) over the past two decades. The images were first co-registered and mosaicked, whereupon GLCM texture features were generated and tasseled cap transformations performed to improve class separabilities. The mosaics were classified with a pixel-based SVM and a random forest decision tree ensemble classifier. Based on the classification results, two urbanization indices were derived that indicate both the absolute amount of urban land and the speed of urban development. The spatial composition and configuration of the landscape was analysed by landscape metrics. Environmental impacts were quantified by attributing ecosystem service values to the classifications and the observation of value changes over time. ivThe results from the comparative study between Shanghai and Stockholm show a decrease in all natural land-cover classes and agricultural areas, whereas urban areas increased by approximately 120% in Shanghai, nearly ten times as much as in Stockholm where no significant land-cover changes other than a 12% urban expansion could be observed. From the landscape metrics analysis results, it appears that fragmentation in both study regions occurred mainly due to the growth of high density built-up areas in previously more natural environments, while the expansion of low density built-up areas was for the most part in conjunction with pre-existing patches. Urban growth resulted in ecosystem service value losses of ca. 445 million US dollars in Shanghai, mostly due to a decrease in natural coastal wetlands. In Stockholm, a 4 million US dollar increase in ecosystem service values could be observed that can be explained by the maintenance and development of urban green spaces. Total urban growth in Shanghai was 1,768 km2 compared to 100 km2 in Stockholm. Regarding the comparative study of urbanization in the three Chinese regions, a total increase in urban land of about 28,000 km2 could be detected with a simultaneous decrease in ecosystem service values corresponding to ca. 18.5 billion Chinese Yuan Renminbi. The speed and relative urban growth in Jing-Jin-Ji was highest, followed by the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. The increase in urban land occurred predominately at the expense of cropland. Wetlands decreased due to land reclamation in all study areas. An increase in landscape complexity in terms of land-cover composition and configuration could be detected. Urban growth in Jing-Jin-Ji contributed most to the decrease in ecosystem service values, closely followed by the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.QC 20130610
14
Gupta, Renu. „Passenger transport issues and urbanization in India“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74323.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 109-116.
by Renu Gupta.
M.S.
15
Haas, Jan. „Remote Sensing of Urbanization and Environmental Impacts“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-181867.
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This thesis aims to establish analytical frameworks to map urban growth patterns with spaceborne remote sensing data and to evaluate environmental impacts through Landscape Metrics and Ecosystem Services. Urbanization patterns at regional scale were evaluated in China's largest urban agglomerations and at metropolitan scale in Shanghai, Stockholm and Beijing using medium resolution optical satellite data. High-resolution data was used to investigate changes in Shanghai’s urban core. The images were co-registered and mosaicked. Tasseled Cap transformations and texture features were used to increase class separabilities prior to pixel-based Random Forest and SVM classifications. Urban land cover in Shanghai and Beijing were derived through object-based SVM classification in KTH-SEG. After post-classification refinements, urbanization indices, Ecosystem Services and Landscape Metrics were used to quantify and characterize environmental impact. Urban growth was observed in all studies. China's urban agglomerations showed most prominent urbanization trends. Stockholm’s urban extent increased only little with minor environmental implications. On a regional/metropolitan scale, urban expansion progressed predominately at the expense of agriculture. Investigating urbanization patterns at higher detail revealed trends that counteracted negative urbanization effects in Shanghai's core and Beijing's urban-rural fringe. Beijing's growth resulted in Ecosystem Services losses through landscape structural changes, i.e. service area decreases, edge contamination or fragmentation. Methodological frameworks to characterize urbanization trends at different scales based on remotely sensed data were developed. For detailed urban analyses high-resolution data are recommended whereas medium-resolution data at metropolitan/regional scales is suggested. The Ecosystem Service concept was extended with Landscape Metrics to create a more differentiated picture of urbanization effects.QC 20160205
16
Kozlov, E. „Air and water of condition of urbanization“. Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13411.
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17
O'Donoghue, Timothy F. „Urbanization and infant mortality : an ecological analysis /“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487757723994641.
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18
Adams, Ross Exo. „To fill the earth : circulation and urbanization“. Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/83/.
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Today, the urban as a category of space remains a vague notion–a background condition made visible empirically through its effects and treated as the outcome of a certain naturalised, transhistorical capacity of human co-habitation. As a result, despite the common fact of urbanization as a planetary phenomenon, we remain unable to qualify the urban itself as a distinct spatio-political order of the contemporary world. This thesis attempts to write a political history of the urban. It will do so by interrogating the concept of circulation, since circulation is not only central to the knowledge and practices of urbanization, but it also constitutes a certain historical nexus between political form and spatial order. The thesis can be framed by three fundamental questions: How is it that circulation became epistemologically bound up with the city? What is the relationship between circulation and urbanization? And, more broadly, what is the relationship between circulation and power? The thesis departs by taking issue with the birth of ‘urbanization’ in the nineteenth century, for it is in this period that, not only would circulation become a fundamental condition of the city, but it would do so with a distinctly political ambition—one that is curiously overlooked by our present histories of the city. I place particular emphasis on the work of Ildefonso Cerdá, the figure who authored the first explicit theory of urbanization in 1867. From here, the thesis embarks on a more historical examination of circulation, charting the ways in which, as a concept, it was made useful for giving order to the physical world, tracing its migration from a signature of divine and natural order to its emergence as a concept in the seventeenth century offering a spatial principle by which a new sphere of earthly, oeconomic and political power could emerge. It examines how circulation helped produce forms of political and spatial thought while embedding itself in the spaces of the modern European state and in the networks of colonial trade. From signature to concept, circulation by the eighteenth century became the foundation for an idealism around which a counter-state discourse could appear through the emergence of ‘society’—a subjectivity for which Cerdá’s theory of urbanization would later be established. Through this genealogy, the thesis engages the question of urbanization as a spatio-political order in its own rite. By reading this alongside various political and legal analyses, I argue that the urban, in opposition to ‘the city’, is a crucial dispositif in the construction of modern biopolitics in which the very organisation of space and its mediation of population constitutes a political form. In addition, the urban bears a rather striking epistemology which, I argue, was discovered not in the spaces and architectural forms of the city, but rather in the knowledge and practices fundamental to establishing the territory. The urban, I argue, is a hybrid spatiality—both city and territory while being neither at the same time— something in excess of both ontologies. At once biopolitical and territorial, the urban, I urge, should be seen as the process and product of a radical reorganisation of political power in space. In total, this thesis will follow the ways in which the construction of modes of circulation both gave form to preexisting political ideals and were also useful as a model for giving birth to new ones. In this way, the thesis also seeks to challenge a certain presumed linear causality between the cognitive sphere and spatiomaterial world that continues to underpin many discourses today. Thus, a subtext of the thesis may be read which claims that a dialectic relation between intellectual projection and interpretation is deeply rooted in the formation of the modern world itself.
19
Zou, Yuxiang. „Essays on economic growth and China's urbanization“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-economic-growth-and-chinas-urbanization(c3009a4c-1230-432c-82be-759aad1a3617).html.
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This thesis studies the impact of labor markets on economic growth in both developed and developing countries and China's urbanization, by formalizing dual labor market characteristics and China's Hukou system in two theoretical models. The first is a unified growth model in an open economy environment that captures dual labor market characteristics. The mechanism involves economic growth driven by capital accumulation in the country with Lewisian labor market leading to increasing labor participation at a near constant wage. The model shows that surplus labor plays a critical role in explaining different economic growth paths and structural changes in developing and developed countries, such as China and the US. The second is a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous rural-urban migration to analyze the provision of rural and urban government services in China, with special emphasis on the role of the household registration (Hukou) system in shaping its urbanization process. It argues that China’s urban bias policy, which is enabled by the Hukou system restricting rural-urban migration, did not necessarily reduce economic efficiency, rather it might have only raised urban welfare at the expense of rural residents. As the Hukou system also ties people to particular geographical locations, our model argues that China's continuous bias towards coastal and big cities has started to cause economic inefficiency as well as inequality. It suggests that progressive Hukou reform reducing barriers to cross-region migration would improve economic efficiency and welfare.
20
Kim, Dae-Sik. „Modeling Land-use Change and Urbanization Process“. Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147781.
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21
Ojha, Kashinath. „19th Century Darjeeling : study in urbanization, 1835-1890“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1226.
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22
Xu, Liyan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. „Urbanization process models, internal rural-urban migration, and the role of institutions in China : three essays on urbanization and migration“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107084.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation is a collection of three essays on urbanization and migration. The first essay is a treatment on the urbanization theory. I discuss the ambiguity in the urban concept, and propose a comprehensive urban concept which includes the demographic, physical, economic, social, and cultural dimensions of urban characteristics. Based on the concept, and through analyses of the countries' preference over specific urban definition methods, I propose the Kuznets Curve for urban definition complexity, and the Hypothesis of the Unbalanced Urbanization Process. I test the hypothesis with a case study of five countries: the United States, Mexico, China, India, and Ethiopia. With the findings I call for a paradigm shift in the study of the urbanization process, which constitutes the general framing of the dissertation. The next two essays concern the application of the framework in a specific country - China, and relevant studies on the country's internal migration. The studies are based on two nation-wide, large-sample surveys on the migrants and rural households' living conditions in 2008-2009 (n=2398) and 2014-2015 (n=2097). In the second essay, I study the life-cycle migration behavior pattern of China's internal rural-urban migrants. I first conduct a statistical treatment of the general demographics as well as individual-level migration-related behavioral patterns of the migrants, and then reconstruct the life history of the migrants through survival analyses on their migrating and return migrating behaviors, and also two Cox proportional hazard models respective to the two survival processes which examine the determinants of such behaviors. Results give rise to an overlapping generational and iterative pattern of the migrants' migration behavior with a filtration mechanism, which I call "the Circle of Life" model. Lastly, in the third essay, I examine the role of China's institutional environment in shaping the unique migration behavior pattern. I conduct a thorough documentation on the evolution, and especially the recent development of China's Hukou (household registration) and land ownership policies, and show the shift of a dual social structure as a result of the policy change. Furthermore, I develop two groups of discrete choice models to examine the formation of the migrants' urban settlement intentions. Overall, I conclude that China's institutions have played an empowering function, thus giving rise to an institution-bound rational choice behavior concerning migration and settlement. Lastly, I briefly discuss the implications of the findings on urbanization and development theories, as well as the policy suggestions.
by Liyan Xu.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning
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Klene, Anna Elizabeth. „Urbanization, climate, and frozen ground in Barrow, Alaska“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1620Mb, 185 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3181861.
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Betsinger, Tracy Kay. „The biological consequences of urbanization in medieval Poland“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185994864.
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Lo, Chun-Fung. „Implication of urbanization on meteorology and air quality“. online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3298515.
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Haller, Peter [Verfasser]. „Urbanization, Commuting and Regional Labor Markets / Peter Haller“. Bielefeld : wbv Media, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159939993/34.
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Hansel, James R. „INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON WOODY RIPARIAN PLANT COMMUNITIES“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1113852536.
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Eckman, John. „Confronting modernity : urbanization and American fiction, 1880-1930 /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9402.
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Rasmussen, Walter L. „Effects of urbanization on a small rural watershed /“. Link to Abstract, 2005. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2005/Rasmussen.pdf.
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Palmioli, Andrea. „China : capillarity and territory : paradigms of diffuse urbanization“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1080/document.
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Cette recherche interroge l’existence des nouvelles formes de ruralité émergentes dans le bassin métropolitain du delta du Yangzi. En opposition à l’écart croissant entre patrimoine infrastructurel et société on réaffirme la priorité du territoire comme principe théorique et paradigme naturel. L’analyse des processus historiques d’aménagement du territoire agricole à partir des réformes foncières et des pratiques autochtones de « Guangxi » (réseaux sociaux), a révélé une restructuration des ressources stratégiques du territoire du delta avant la réorganisation des espaces ruraux bâtis : la nature du sol et le réseau de l’eau. En même temps dispositif de contrôle politique et de développement social, la modification de l’infrastructure territoriale jusqu’ à la fin du maoïsme, peut être interprétée comme un investissement sur le long terme du capital humain et environnemental. Notre hypothèse est que la diffusion des petites et moyennes entreprises dans les zones rurales représente une forme de capitalisation des matrices sociales et organisationnelles du tissu agricole plus ancien. Ces transformations ont amené à la formation de nombreux espaces hybrides et clusters des entreprises dispersées dans la campagne qui s’appuient de façon complémentaire aux réseaux environnementaux préexistants. En conséquence, ce mode de production a à son tour, remodelé la relation entre l'économie, les communautés et l'environnement naturel locaux donnant lieu à des formes du développement sans fractures, plus ductiles et résilientes où la relation entre l'espace construit et l'espace agricole n'est plus de nature opposée. Ce qui émerge est un réseau de “milieux” dont chaque élément rend compte de la conception d’un paysage, de matériaux propres, de méthodes et procédures de construction. L’organisation morphologique qui en résulte montre un modèle d'urbanisation capillaire dans ces zones conventionnellement définies « non-urbaines ». Interroger ces formes émergentes de ruralité veut dire réviser la façon de conceptualiser la notion du « territoire métropolitain », et notamment de ce que on définis l’ « urbain ». On fait valoir, finalement, pour un besoin urgent de reconsidérer la séquence programmatique qui sous-tendent la morphologie spatiale de régions mégalopolitaines, par la prise en compte des rapports de continuité entre « milieux » et « communauté » et par le biais d'un examen des interactions entre ces réalités souvent, disjointsThe territorial scale and the form of the territory are fundamental basis to understand metropolitan processes and the changes occurred in its spatial, economic and social structure. The centrality of landforms and of their dynamics inspires more situated approaches, in which the agency of natural elements is integrated. This research investigates the existence of new forms of emerging rurality in the metropolitan basin of the Yangtze Delta. In opposition to the growing gap between infrastructural heritage and society, the priority of the territory is reaffirmed as a theoretical tool and environmental paradigm. The research hypothesis is that the spread of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas represents a form of capitalization of the spatial reorganization occurred in the Commune's period. The preliminary factor which originated the process of rural industrialization is based on the restructuring of two strategic territorial resources: the soil structure and the water network. These transformations have led to the formation of numerous hybrid spaces and clusters of small and micro enterprises dispersed over the countryside. As a result, this mode of production has, in turn, reshaped the relationship between the local economy, communities and natural environment giving rise to forms of urban development without fractures, where the relationship between the built space and the agricultural area is no longer of an opposite nature. What emerges is a network of "milieu” where the resulting socio-spatial organization shows a pattern of capillary urbanization in these conventionally defined "non-urban" areas. The notion of urban is changing and ecological rationality can offer fundamental opportunities to analyse, intersect and integrate the various territorial layers
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Choudhury, Namita. „Urbanization in North Bengal : in the post independence period“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/113.
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Chiu, Man-chun. „Analysis of urbanization and air quality in Hong Kong“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43783752.
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Harveson, Patricia Moody. „The impacts of urbanization on endangered florida key deer“. Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3085.
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Conservation of native wildlife is becoming increasingly difficult due to
continued human population growth and expansion. As the human population continues
to increase, so does the rate of consumption of our natural resources. As competition for
resources between man and wildlife continues, it is important to understand the effects
of urbanization on species. Endangered Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) are
endemic to the Florida Keys archipelago stretching southwest off the southern tip of
peninsular Florida. Key deer range is restricted to the Lower Florida Keys with
approximately 60% residing on Big Pine Key and 15% residing on No Name Key which
have undergone rapid human population growth and development over the past 30 years.
Urban development and its associated risk factors (i.e., habitat loss and fragmentation,
deer domestication, and deerÂvehicle collisions) have been cited as the greatest threat to
the Key deer population. For my dissertation research, I evaluated the impacts of 30
years of development on the Key deer population. My results suggest that increased
habitat fragmentation and increased road traffic have created areas of varying habitat
quality and mortality risk and have resulted in a source-sink system for Key deer on Big Pine Key. In my examination of Key deer metapopulation dynamics, I found a low
probability of deer colonizing 2 target outer islands (Sugarloaf and Cudjoe) through
dispersal alone in the next 20 years. Further, I examined the impacts of urbanization on
changes in Key deer population dynamics, behavior, and morphology. Collectively, my
results suggest that over the past 30 years Key deer have become more urbanized, which
in turn has influenced Key deer behavior and population viability. Behavioral
adaptations due to deer plasticity appear to have provided Key deer with mechanisms to
persist in a changing environment due to urbanization. However, the future ability of
Key deer to persist in a continuously urbanizing environment cannot be predicted. At
some threshold, urban development would become unsustainable, and, unlike other
forms of habitat change or environmental disturbances, urban development is in most
cases irreversible, requiring careful planning in habitat conservation strategies.
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St-Denis, Guy R. A. „Suckertown, a case study of urbanization in early Ontario“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ42098.pdf.
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Chiu, Man-chun, und 趙文進. „Analysis of urbanization and air quality in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43783752.
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Fung, Siu-ko, und 馮韶高. „Landscape metamorphosis : rural infrastructure transformation under urbanization in Guangdong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196507.
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Mitchell, Bruce Coffyn. „Urbanization and Land Surface Temperature in Pinellas County, Florida“. Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3250.
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Since the early 1800's, many studies have recognized increased heat in urban areas, known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect, as one of the results of human modification to the natural landscape. UHI is related to differences in land surface temperature (LST) between rural areas and urban areas where factors of the built environment such as the thermodynamic capacities of materials, structural geometry, and heat generating activities cause increased storage and re-radiation of heat to the atmosphere. This thesis examines the correlation between factors of urbanization and differences in land surface temperature (LST) in the subtropical climate of Pinellas County, Florida using remote sensing techniques. It describes the spatial pattern of LST, analyzes its relationship to factors of urbanization relative to NDVI, percentage of impervious surface, and land use land cover in the study area. It also assesses the effectiveness of remote sensing as an efficient method of identifying LST patterns at the local and neighborhood level for mitigation strategies.
Landsat TM thermal band imagery for three dates; April 1986, 2001 and 2009 was processed using Qin's mono-window algorithm (MWA) technique to derive LST levels. This data was compared to in-situ readings, then normalized and statistically analyzed for correlation with vegetation ratio (NDVI) and imperviousness percentages derived using linear spectral mixing/unmixing, and also with land use/land cover classification.
The resulting LST spatial pattern is a gradient across the peninsular landscape, from cooler water and wetland areas to a generally warmer interior, interspersed with micro-urban heat islands (MUHIs), corresponding to urban structures and "cool-islands" of parkland and lakes. Correspondence between LST pattern and urban structures and land use demonstrates the suitability of medium resolution remote sensing data and techniques for identifying micro-urban heat islands (MUHIs) for possible mitigation. Mitigation could include relatively low-cost measures like replacement of inefficient asphalt roofs with more reflective and emissive "cool roofs," placement of "street trees" to enhance shade, and replacement of impervious pavements by permeable surfaces.
The thesis concludes that Landsat TM imagery processed with the MWA provides an efficient, relatively low-cost method for locating MUHIs. Satellite remote sensing, combined with aerial photography can facilitate neighborhood level analysis for the implementation of low-cost mitigation techniques. Previous studies have demonstrated that these are successful ways to mitigate the UHI effect at the micro-scale level; lowering urban heat and saving energy, and also facilitating the reintegration of natural elements into the urban environment.
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Spearman, R. Michael. „Industrialization and urbanization in medieval Scotland : the material evidence“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2509/.
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The thesis is introduced with a brief review of why industrialization and urbanization should be examined together and how this may best be done in the Scottish context. There is then a critical examination of the available sources, archaeological and documentary (including technical treatises), and a consideration of their integrated use. It is accepted that in examining a topic as diverse as this that not all the sources and topics avilable can be fully explored. Emphasis has been given to the physical implications of manufacturing from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries. As a result documentary sources for the sixteenth century have not been dealt with in detail and the political and social history of craft incorporations have not been discussed.
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Rider, Nicholas Robert. „Anarchism, urbanization and social conflict in Barcelona, 1900 - 1932“. Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316474.
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Orsi, Francesco. „Development strategies of re-urbanization for sustainable extensive towns“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20262.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Desenho e Computação apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.O território português apresenta uma dispersão urbana generalizada que incentiva práticas de consumo do solo, causa altos custos infraestruturais e coloca novos problemas nas políticas urbanas e regionais. O tema da presente pesquisa é a mitigação dos efeitos negativos da urbanização extensiva do território português, propondo ferramentas para processos de reurbanização / intensificação para tais territórios dispersos. A esse respeito, este trabalho traz uma nova contribuição ao processo de conceição e implementação de planos de desenvolvimento territorial capazes de incorporar estratégias de desenvolvimento sustentável para diferentes tipos de territórios dispersos, integrando as ferramentas tradicionais de planeamento em uso em contextos de planeamento local. Para isso, o presente trabalho desenvolveu uma ferramenta metodológica que reúne análises de rede, ferramentas de estudo de densidade / dispersão e análises de capital territorial e que constitui um sistema válido de apoio à tomada de decisão capaz de ajudar planeadores e stakeholders a abordar questões econômicas, desafios sociais e de governança colocados pelos territórios dispersos. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de métodos quantitativos para avaliar o capital territorial de diferentes territórios (compactos e dispersos) identificando a suas características, vocações e potenciais no que respeita ao desenvolvimento territórial, medindo e monitorando as suas flutuações em uma lista selecionada de indicadores territoriais afetada pela introdução de diferentes cenários de desenvolvimento. Ao analisar o território de uma perspectiva configuracional e econômico-espacial, e não apenas de uma perspectiva morfológica, a presente investigação tenta trazer uma contribuição original ao processo de elaboração de um novo framework operacional capaz de lidar com os territórios dispersos, com o intuito de constituir um instrumento de surporte para planeadores e administrações publicas no âmbito da tomada de decisões informadas sobre vários tópicos, do planejamento à governança. Um case study, o concelho de Sintra, altamente representativo da questão atual da dispersão territorial em Portugal, foi analisado e discutido. O desenvolvimento de um novo framework para a avaliação de diferentes cenários de desenvolvimento, que incorpora o conceito de capital territorial, guia na busca de estratégias e ferramentas para reurbanização estratégica ou desenvolvimento setorial desconcentrado do território em análise, produzindo, esperançosamente, ambientes urbanos mais sustentáveis com mais potencial para uma interação humana vital, ou seja, uma melhor “urbanidade”.
ABSTRACT:The Portuguese territory displays a wide-spread urban dispersion that encouraged land-consuming practices, causes high infrastructural costs and poses new issues to urban and regional policies. The subject of the present research is the mitigation of the negative effects of extensive urbanization of the Portuguese territory focusing on processes of re-urbanization / intensification for such dispersed territories. In this respect, this work brings a novel contribution to the process of concealing and implementing territorial development plans capable of incorporating sustainable development strategies for different kinds of dispersed territories, integrating the traditional planning tool in use in local planning. In order to do so, the present work developed a methodological tool – bringing together network analyses, density/dispersion assessment tools and a territorial capital analyses – that constitutes a valid decision-making support system capable of helping planners and stakeholders to address the economic, social and governance challenges posed by dispersed territories. In order to do so a set of quantitative methods was developed to assess the territorial capital of different territories (both compact and dispersed) to identify their inherent characteristics, vocations and potentials for development, measuring and monitoring the fluctuations in a selected list of territorial indicators as affected by the introduction of different development scenarios. By analyzing the territory from a configurational and spatial-economic perspective rather than just from a morphological perspective, the present research tries to bring an original contribution to the process of crafting a new operative framework capable of dealing with the dispersed territories assisting planners and administrations to take informed decision on various topics, from planning to governance. A case study, the municipality of Sintra, highly representative of the current issue of the territorial dispersion in Portugal, has been analyzed and discussed. The development of a novel framework for the assessment of different development scenarios that will incorporate the concept of territorial capital will guide in finding strategies and tools for strategic re-urbanization or deconcentrated sectorial development of the territory in analysis, hopefully producing more sustainable urban environments with potential for vital human interaction, i.e. a better “urbanity”.
N/A
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Khee, Boon Alan Tan. „Urbanization and Feminization: Discussing Servants in Eighteenth-century England“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422914.
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Davidson-Bennett, Keely Marie. „Watershed Urbanization Impacts to Headwater Streams in Northeastern Ohio“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306884770.
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Perez, Jaime Abraham. „PATTERNS AND DRIVERS OF ANT BIODIVERSITY ALONG URBANIZATION GRADIENTS“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1591823939916649.
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Vicars, Julie Anne Groening. „Hydrological Impacts of Urbanization: White Rock Creek, Dallas Texas“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5583/.
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This research project concerns changes in hydrology resulting from urbanization of the upper sub-basin of the White Rock Creek Watershed in Collin and Dallas Counties, Texas. The objectives of this study are: to calculate the percent watershed urbanized for the period of 1961 through 1968 and the period of 2000 through 2005; to derive a 1960s average unit hydrograph and a 2000s average unit hydrograph; and, to use the two averaged hydrographs to develop a range of hypothetical storm scenarios to evaluate how the storm response of the watershed has changed between these two periods. Results of this study show that stormflow occurs under lower intensity precipitation in the post-urbanized period and that stormflow peaks and volumes are substantially larger compared to the pre-urbanized period. It is concluded that changes in watershed surface conditions resulting from urbanization have lowered the precipitation-intensity threshold that must be surpassed before storm run-off is generated.
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Zhang, Li. „The state and urbanization in China : a systemic perspective /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5669.
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Hayes-Bohanan, James Kezar 1963. „Deforestation in Rondonia, Brazil: Frontier urbanization and landscape change“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288864.
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Between 1960 and 1991, the population of Rondonia, Brazil increased from 70,000 to 1.3 million. This increase occurred during the thirty-year period bracketing the rise to statehood, during which a rural population also became largely urban. Simultaneously, the loss of tropical rain forest in the state progressed at unparalleled rates. This dissertation examines some of the ways in which these two rapidly changing aspects of Rondonia's landscape are related to each other. The research project employs a framework grounded in realist philosophy, a flexible approach that facilitates research into processes that are unfolding at a regional scale but which occur within the context of broader national and international structures. Several kinds of connections between urban population growth and deforestation are examined, including land conversion for urban use, food consumption in urban areas, wood consumption for housing in urban areas, and power consumption in urban areas. Urban sprawl is found to be significantly and positively correlated with deforestation at the municipio level, but the absolute magnitude of urban sprawl is very small relative to total deforestation. No spatial correlation is found between urban settlement and the dedication of land to food crops. A weak but positive correlation is found between urban demand for timber and total deforestation, but the absolute magnitude of local timber demand is found to be very small in comparison to forest clearing. The recent diversification of the timber industry in order to absorb urban labor may have profound implications for demand on forest resources in the future. Electricity generation has been destructive of rain forest, and capacity already under construction is likely to have further such impacts. The cultural landscape of Rondonia reflects an orientation that is increasingly outward-looking. Rondonia's cities and towns are becoming more closely connected with one another and more fully integrated with the outside world. Early incentives to settle in Rondonia contributed to deforestation, but the curtailment of these incentives did not curtail deforestation. Rondonia is a place caught between two opposite pressures: the pressure to preserve the rain forest and the pressure to participate in the world economy as consumers.
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Moschella, Miloslavich Paola. „Peri-urbanization and land management sustainability in Peruvian cities“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH013/document.
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La croissance urbaine incontrôlée est liée à plusieurs problèmes socio-environnementaux dans les pays en développement comme le Pérou. Afin de comprendre l'expansion urbaine dans les zones non aménageables, la recherche combine trois dimensions de l'analyse : l'analyse spatiale, l'analyse du comportement social et l'évaluation de la gestion urbaine et de l'aménagement du territoire. L'étude se concentre sur trois cas péruviens : une oasis de brouillard saisonnier dans la ville aride de Lima, les terres agricoles de première qualité de la vallée de Cajamarca et les zones humides de la petite ville de Huamachuco. L'expansion urbaine dans les études de cas est principalement informelle et désorganisée; à cause de sérieuses déficiences dans la gestion publique locale, la planification routière et la culture de l'informalité. Cependant, certaines organisations communautaires et certains leaders sociaux contribuent à une utilisation plus durable du territoireUncontrolled urban expansion is related to several socio-environmental problems in developing countries like Peru. In order to understand the urban expansion in non-developable areas, the research combines three dimensions of analysis: spatial analysis, social behavior analysis, and the evaluation of urban management and spatial planning. The study focuses on three Peruvian cases: a seasonal fog-oasis in the arid city of Lima, the prime farmlands in Cajamarca valley, and the wetlands of the small city of Huamachuco. Urban expansion in the case studies is predominantly informal and disorganized as a consequence of serious deficiencies in local public management, road planning, and the culture of informality. However, some communal organizations and social leaders contribute to a more sustainable land-use
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Moschella, Miloslavich Paola. „Peri-urbanization and land management sustainability in Peruvian cities“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH013.
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La croissance urbaine incontrôlée est liée à plusieurs problèmes socio-environnementaux dans les pays en développement comme le Pérou. Afin de comprendre l'expansion urbaine dans les zones non aménageables, la recherche combine trois dimensions de l'analyse : l'analyse spatiale, l'analyse du comportement social et l'évaluation de la gestion urbaine et de l'aménagement du territoire. L'étude se concentre sur trois cas péruviens : une oasis de brouillard saisonnier dans la ville aride de Lima, les terres agricoles de première qualité de la vallée de Cajamarca et les zones humides de la petite ville de Huamachuco. L'expansion urbaine dans les études de cas est principalement informelle et désorganisée; à cause de sérieuses déficiences dans la gestion publique locale, la planification routière et la culture de l'informalité. Cependant, certaines organisations communautaires et certains leaders sociaux contribuent à une utilisation plus durable du territoireUncontrolled urban expansion is related to several socio-environmental problems in developing countries like Peru. In order to understand the urban expansion in non-developable areas, the research combines three dimensions of analysis: spatial analysis, social behavior analysis, and the evaluation of urban management and spatial planning. The study focuses on three Peruvian cases: a seasonal fog-oasis in the arid city of Lima, the prime farmlands in Cajamarca valley, and the wetlands of the small city of Huamachuco. Urban expansion in the case studies is predominantly informal and disorganized as a consequence of serious deficiencies in local public management, road planning, and the culture of informality. However, some communal organizations and social leaders contribute to a more sustainable land-use
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Miroğlu, Ebru Aras Supervisor :. Sargın Güven Arif. „The transformation of urban space at the conjunction of the old and new districts : the city of Aleppo“. Ankara : METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605840/index.pdf.
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Magontier, Pierre. „Essays on the Political Economy of Urbanization and Climate Change“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669287.
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The world has been urbanizing at an incredible pace during the last century. Meanwhile, the global rise in temperatures has led to the increased probabilities of gradual and sudden natural disasters, putting large shares of developed lands at risk. While the benefits from agglomeration economies are well documented, less is known on how local stakeholders make land-use decisions in the context of climate change. Understanding how economic agents in charge of land conversion cope with climate threats while trying to preserve urban opportunities is a paramount challenge for the next decades. This dissertation aims to shed some light on a few of the mechanisms at play, looking at spaces threatened by diverse environmental catastrophes.
In this regard, the second chapter of this thesis, 'The Political Economy of Coastal Destruction,' studies the impact of political cooperation on coastal development choices, made in Spain between 1979 and 2015. We argue that political cooperation between municipal neighbors is fostered by local political alignment. We rely on a fuzzy regression discontinuity design in close elections to assess the impact of political homophily on coastal development. We show that coastal municipalities who decide on coastal development in isolation may overdevelop as they fail to internalize the positive amenity spillovers caused by land preservation. Within the first-kilometer fringe, local governments sharing their neighbors' ideology develop 63% less than otherwise similar but politically isolated governments. This effect vanishes as we consider farther distances from the coastline, suggesting that amenity spillovers are an essential driver of this result.
While overdevelopment induces higher exposure to hazards when locating in disaster-prone areas, appropriate preparation can mitigate the chances of suffering from a natural catastrophe. However, mitigation measures do not only reduce but also signal the inherent risks of a location. I focus on the trade-off between risk reduction and risk disclosure in the third chapter of my thesis, 'Does media coverage affect government preparation for natural disasters?'. I demonstrate that in the absence of information circulating about local dangers, local governments, who seek to protect property values in their jurisdiction, have an incentive not to prepare to avoid signaling the latent risks to otherwise uninformed investors. To test this hypothesis, I construct an exogenous measure of newspaper coverage of storms, which is a good predictor of the number of newspaper articles published about these events. I show that conditional on being hit by a storm, a one-standard-deviation increase in my Coverage measure leads to a 54% increase in the number of mitigation projects implemented in a ZIP code. This result is primarily driven by neighborhoods with high pre-treatment levels of vacant houses, renters, and housing-units owned with a mortgage, suggesting that non-resident investors are the firsts to respond to the information shock.
Considering that real estate interests could capture governments' preparation incentives, I questioned whether individuals learn from past disasters when making a development decision. In the last paper of this thesis, 'The Dynamics of Land Development around Flood Zones,' we study the land conversion response to an inundation. Exploiting a rich dataset on historical flood records in Spain, we show that new development drops at the municipal level by -14.64% in the year following an inundation, and peaks down at -26% in the sixth year. The decrease in land conversion is, on average, permanent. This outcome is primarily driven by municipalities with higher historical flood frequencies, and by floods occurring after the central government regulated constructions around flood zones, in 1986. New development neither occurs farther away from flood zones nor on the higher ground. These results could be consistent with several underlying mechanisms. In particular, if individuals do account for disaster history when making a development decision, it is puzzling to observe they prefer not to build rather than building away from the acknowledged source of dangers. We speculate that a misinterpretation of the risks caused by an availability bias, or an aversion to amenity losses, could explain this response.