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1
Medeiros, Anthony III. „Land wars : the political economy of Nigeria's displacement crisis“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-88).
"They were burning our houses in the night. We lost everything. Then the policeman came, and the people thought they were here for our security. Until they started shooting." - Resident of Ilu Birin, Lagos, Nigeria. Evicted to make room for a luxury high-rise. By all accounts, the world has entered a modern displacement crisis. Unprecedented millions have been uprooted from their homes by armed conflict, disaster, and land grabs. The traumatic impact of forced displacement is well documented. Yet the initial displacing event is typically only the beginning. Once displaced persons are forced out, they encounter a maze of institutional arrangements that will determine their fate. National and state borders, decades-old international conventions, land and property regimes, and the varied logics of humanitarian response all circumscribe the experience of displacement. These institutions govern assistance allocations, the prospects for legal redress, and even who lives and dies. With the stakes so high, we are compelled to ask: do these existing mechanisms correctly identify and protect the most vulnerable? In this thesis I examine Nigeria's forced migration epidemic as an illustrative case. Nigeria faces twin displacement crises. The Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast has displaced more than 2.3 million people, both internally and across national borders. Meanwhile, development projects have displaced another estimated 2 million. The conflictinduced migration is well-documented in secondary literature. This study complements it through fieldwork in ten communities displaced by development projects in Lagos, Port Harcourt, and Ogoniland. Victims of land grabs and forced evictions in Nigeria face violence, homelessness, joblessness, family separation, food insecurity, increased disease morbidity, and disruptions to children's education. Through a comparison of the institutional responses to this crisis, I interrogate existing displacement governance regimes, and begin to evaluate possible alternatives.
by Anthony Medeiros, III.
M.C.P.
2
Gjelsten, Craig A. „Homeland security planning for urban area schools“. Thesis, Registration and login required, 2008. https://www.hsdl.org/homesec/docs/theses/08Mar_Gjelsten.pdf&code=0b11819a26de4946f5547907991d6aad.
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3
Resor, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Lansdowne). „The neo-humanitarians : assessing the credibility of organized volunteer crisis mappers“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84186.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. "September 2013."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
In the past decade humanitarian crises have been occurring with increasing frequency. As of 2013 the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) is involved in 27 countries, monitoring the response to natural disasters or violent conflict (Where we work n.d.). Over the same period the internet has seen a deluge of new, interactive website and tools. Social media sites that allow users to share their own content with a digital community have led to an explosion of user-generated content online. Meanwhile, internet-based mapping tools, such as Google Maps, make it easy for almost anyone to make maps online. These developments converge in the form of a recent trend: volunteer crisis mapping. Since 2008 individuals have started making maps and collecting spatial data related to humanitarian crises -both violent conflicts and natural disasters. While the role of social media and web-mapping in humanitarian responses has been praised for creating a participatory space in humanitarian responses, the people volunteering to do the crisis mapping remain largely unexplored. Drawing from the neogeography literature which explores the impact amateur mappers in general, this paper seeks to define who the volunteer crisis mappers are, and how they are forming institutional connections to the 'formal' humanitarian sector.
by Elizabeth Resor.
M.C.P.
4
Call, Robert (Robert Michael). „Post-crisis investment in single-family homes in Fulton County, Georgia“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111399.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, June 2017."February 2017." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-80).
The twentieth and twenty-first centuries have witnessed shifts in the dominant modes of the provision of mortgage finance in response to crises of liquidity and devaluation of mortgage-related assets. The political economy of housing in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007 has been marked by the emergence of institutional single-family landlords. This thesis analyses these shifts in the financial use of single-family homes against Fligstein and McAdam's (2012) theory of strategic action fields, urban political economists' theories of capital circulation, and Cedric Robinson's (1983) elaboration of racial capitalism. Using empirical data from Fulton County, Georgia, I find that patterns of residential segregation perpetuated by various paths of mortgage finance provision and the institutionalization of single-family rental persist into 2017. This is due to shifts in the racial politics of the assignment of financial risk, and the historical context within which these politics play out.
by Robert Call.
M.C.P.
5
Marcus, Noelle. „The (home)sharing economy : a viable solution to the affordable housing crisis?“ Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111400.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-71).
While it is acknowledged that our society is rapidly aging, the best way to ensure that people age with dignity, independence and security remains nebulous. Within 20 years, one out of three households in the U.S. is projected to be headed by someone over the age of 65; and most people want to age in their homes and communities (JCHS, 2016; AARP 2014). One possible mechanism to address both the current housing affordability challenge and the growing demand to age in place is the low-cost, self-help model of homesharing, where two or more unrelated people live together in a single dwelling. Agency-assisted homesharing emerged in the 1970's, through which organizations pair older households with younger tenants. Yet, homesharing remains a niche phenomenon today.' This thesis addresses the question of whether, given the rise of the digital sharing economy, agency-assisted homesharing could become a mainstream practice in the U.S. To address this question, I designed and implemented a Nationwide Homesharing Survey in collaboration with the MIT AgeLab. The survey's 1255 complete responses, supplemented by 50 informational interviews with experts, policy-makers, and potential homesharers, suggests that a significant market for homesharing exists in the U.S. This paper reflects on the ways in which the contemporary sharing economy has facilitated greater trust between strangers, and suggests that a technology-enabled homesharing match-up program may enable broader adoption from older people who wish to remain in their homes as they age, as well as increase the overall stock of affordable housing in the U.S.
by Noelle Marcus.
M.C.P.
6
Tanaka, Masato 1965. „A new approach to resolving Japan's real estate crisis : will securitization follow?“ Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70310.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73).
Within the current condition of the Japanese financial markets, there exists a great problem that must be dealt with, or else run the risk of further escalation of that problem. That problem is with the Japanese real estate market. In this thesis, the impact of the implementation of securitization into the Japanese real estate markets will be examined by first taking a look at the proposed regulatory changes, and then at the impact they may have upon the market itself. Also, I try to analyze the nature of Japanese real estate investment trusts (J-REITs). The results show that the implementation of securitization into the Japanese real estate market will indeed succeed, but not immediately. Some economic and political factors that will help with securitization's success include firmer real estate prices, economic expansion, low interest rates, strengthened reserves, experience, and political resolve. However, it will be the government's actions that will ultimately decide the fate of the Japanese real estate market concerning the implementation of securitization.
by Masato Tanaka.
S.M.
7
Theophilis, Jorgette. „A re-examination of the Love Canal crisis : the myth and the reality“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70271.
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8
Araujo, Cruxen Isadora. „Fluid dynamics : politics and social struggle in São Paulo's water crisis (2014-2015)“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104997.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 110-115).
In late 2013, a severe drought hit the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Brazil's most populous city and main economic center, and precipitated a water supply crisis. As water availability became increasingly strained during 2014, myriad collective action efforts by civil society actors sprung up in the city. My thesis explores this social mobilization around Sao Paulo's supply crisis as a window into water politics and governance when water supply problems and solutions are unclear but have important political and service repercussions for different stakeholders. Two interrelated questions guided the research: How and why did particular forms of social mobilization around the water supply crisis emerge and develop? How did civil society actors transform their problem definitions into action strategies? I answer these questions by tracing the mobilization process of two broad-based civil society coalitions that emerged in the context of the crisis: the Alliance for Water (Alianca pela Agua) and the Collective for Water Struggle (Coletivo de Luta pela Agua). This analysis helps uncover underlying value disputes shaping how different actors framed problems and opportunities during the crisis. At the same time, it sheds light on the ways in which maintaining flexible problem frames and fluid relationships with one another allowed the two coalitions to reach beyond ideological stances and traditional strategies. Through fluid mobilization dynamics, they were able to either carve or take advantage of spaces for participation while still advancing particular organizational goals. While it is not clear what the long-term outcomes of mobilization will be, I argue that the efforts of both coalitions served to amplify different civil society voices, facilitate knowledge sharing about water issues, and open up channels for greater participation in water governance.
by Isadora Araujo Cruxen.
M.C.P.
9
Kruks-Wisner, Gabrielle (Gabrielle K. ). „After the flood : crisis, voice and innovation in Maputo's solid waste management sector“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37672.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-82).
This thesis explores responses to the problem of solid waste management (SWM) in two neighborhoods of Maputo, Mozambique in the wake of catastrophic flooding in 2000. In these neighborhoods, small-scale service providers began to organize door-to-door garbage collection on a fee-for-service basis. The emergence of community-level responses to a problem in the wake of a crisis the like the floods is not surprising in and of itself. What is surprising, however, is that the city of Maputo stepped in almost three years later, to finance and formalize what had been a private service through the extension of public contracts. What motivated the city to upgrade SWM services in these two poor, and traditionally underserved neighborhoods? Catastrophic flooding in 2000 and the implementation of a "garbage tax" in 2002 set in motion a chain of events that increased pressure on the city to improve garbage collection. The floods catapulted the issue of solid waste onto the local political agenda, creating the political will necessary for reform. The tax was a major driver of citizen protest, simultaneously angering residents and instilling them with a sense of entitlement to better service.
(cont.) Citizen protest, in turn, pushed the city to improve performance in solid waste management and, ultimately, motivated the city to formalize its relationship with small-scale private providers. Foreign NGOs and donors have both helped and hindered this process. Several NGOs have played important intermediary and technical assistance roles. Yet other donors have undermined the city's ability to keep a working fleet of garbage trucks on the road by making donations in a top-down fashion without attention to maintenance and sustainability. Whereas residents of Maputo exercised voice through protest, city officials adopt a "beggars can't be choosers" mentality when interacting with donors. Together, theses stories illustrate the important dynamics of voice and accountability (or lack thereof) in shaping service-delivery reforms.
by Gabrielle Kruks-Wisner.
M.C.P.
10
Ashkinadze, Rimma. „Urban squatting: an adaptive response to the housing crisis“. Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1313773440.
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Garuti, Steven P. (Steven Peter) 1970, und Benjamin A. C. 1973 Goodsir. „The impact of the capital crisis of the fall of 1998 on construction lending“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66392.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-51).
Over the last three years, the public debt markets in the real estate sector have a grown at a rapid rate. As of June 1998, the Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS) market was providing the majority of take-out financing for construction loans for commercial real estate. This dramatically changed in July 1998, when Russia defaulted on it's government debt and investors withdrew their money from high-yield, high-risk investments in favor of safer investments. This "flight to quality" caused lending within the public real estate capital markets to come to a virtual standstill. While macro-economic turmoil was the catalyst of the capital crisis, it brought fears regarding underwriting practices to the surface. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the causes of the capital crisis of 1998 and to analyze its impact on underwriting standards for construction loans. The primary method of research for this paper, a survey of national construction lenders, was designed to provide a snapshot of underwriting standards prior to the capital crisis, at the height of the crisis, and today. These underwriting standards are contrasted against both property market fundamentals and development activity at these various times. The results of the survey confirm that there was a dislocation between the public capital markets and property market fundamentals. While public capital markets are perceived to increase real estate market efficiency in the long term, there is a cost associated with the presence of the capital markets, namely increased volatility in the short term. As macroeconomic shocks occur to the capital markets, property markets will be similarly affected. As evidenced by the capital crunch of August 1998, the role of construction lenders has become more dynamic. Henceforth, construction lenders will have to quickly adjust underwriting standards to reflect the ever-changing risk characteristics present in the capital markets. The question remains: Will the long-term efficiencies gained by the presence of the public markets outweigh the short-term cost of increase volatility? The answer will largely depend on the ability of construction lenders to monitor the capital markets and price loans accordingly.
by Steven P. Garuti and Benjamin A.C. Goodsir.
S.M.
12
Whittemore, Andrew H. (Andrew Howe) 1980. „The crisis of leftist urban theory in postmodernism : the case of the L.A. 'School'“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17701.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-170).
This thesis is an exploration into the methodology of a particular group of urbanists based in Los Angeles who call themselves the 'LA School'. It understands their varied approaches as the product of an epistemological history stretching from the mid- nineteenth century through the advent of post-structuralism and postmodernism into the present. It is not an attempt to portray the whole history of social theory in this period but instead it is an investigation into the ways a particular group of leftist scholars approach a city having selected from this heritage particular methods of explanation. In particular it is focused on postmodernism as a significant disruption in Marxist theory of the city. The 'LA School' represents one response to this epistemological crisis in its adoption of particular methodological tools, namely a critical spatial materialism. This adoption speaks to the responsibility of leftist urban theorists to know the city if they are to help it. As the LA School is principally a school of theory, not practice, I understand its greatest contribution to lay in outlining contemporary leftist methods of explanation.
by Andrew H. Whittemore.
M.C.P.
13
Lange, Caroline 1972. „Constructing the crisis : the impact of subsidies on the Berlin office market, 1989-2002“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8166.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-78).
Following the reunification of Germany and prior to the much debated and twice postponed decision to relocate its capital to Berlin, events were set in motion that resulted in a roller coaster ride for investors in real estate and in particular for those interested in office space. Demand was expected to increase exponentially. Investors, both domestic and foreign, believed the transfer of government would create excessive needs both for the various ministries and political parties but also for national and international businesses thought likely to move to Berlin along with the government. This paper traces the history of events putting a special focus on the various governmental incentives designed to encourage investment and influencing real estate investment decisions on the part of the several different investment groups. Differentiating between incentives necessary for the private market to operate (planning legislation) and others promising concrete financial rewards (tax laws), the paper describes the causes and effects of the city's resulting real estate crisis, including the political and financial scandal of the Berlin Bank Association. The comparison of real estate cycles in different German cities between 1989 and 2002 demonstrates the fatal consequences of too generous and too long-lasting governmental subsidies for the Berlin real estate market. The evolution of the Berlin office market is a classic case of market-based decision making being overcome by tax-driven decisions and producing a crisis that in all probability could have been avoided had market conditions alone been allowed to determine the outcomes.
by Caroline Lange.
S.M.
14
Qureshi, Haleemah N. „Binding civil and civic infrastructure : the need for transparency and accountability in Baltimore's water crisis“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118205.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 162-180).
With declining federal assistance for essential infrastructure upgrades, water and wastewater utilities have increasingly relied on customer revenue to fill funding gaps. This has led most recently to "water crises" in cities such as Baltimore and Detroit, where residents who cannot afford to pay increasing rates have been disconnected from water services altogether. Although utility disconnection is a common practice to collect unpaid revenue, the scale and duration of these shut-offs is unprecedented, and, in both cases, the result of concurrent urban fiscal and social crises. In the absence of legislation that secures the right to water for all American citizens, people addressing the problems have typically tried to identify sources of infrastructure funding that would be more equitable, or calculate levels of payment that are truly affordable. In light of these debates, this thesis asks whether processes of deliberation between the government and the public might serve a critical role in alleviating the problem. After investigating Baltimore's financial structures and exploring causes of confrontation between the public and the utility, this thesis suggests transparency and accountability reforms that enhance planning processes which involve citizens so Baltimore's DPW can move beyond the practice of just counting meters, to one of seeing and hearing customers. The thesis argues that, short of improving the infrastructure, the processes of citizen engagement, particularly via the collaboration of various state and utility departments, will help improve the technical and financial efficiency of the utility and create greater equity for customers through providing data and records that bolster various processes and programs, from account classification to collection to customer assistance to information about cognate programs such as affordable housing -- all of which will make it easier to assess and determine equity. The ultimate goal is to meet the financial and physical needs of water and wastewater utilities, while also addressing issues of equity, with a focus on deliberation and data collection that places an emphasis on process that leads to both desired outcomes.
by Haleemah N. Qureshi.
M.C.P.
15
Intrator, Kira (Kira Rachel). „Mobile medical disaster relief technology : enhancing communication, medical logistics, data creation, and crisis mapping for vulnerable communities“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73816.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-116).
This thesis explores the field of disaster relief and recovery, and the application of emerging technologies that are both used by, and use the data generated by communities affected by natural disaster. This thesis analyzes humanitarian disaster relief logistics conducted in Haiti following the devastation of the January 2010 earthquake, and melds this analysis with disaster relief technology design, thus applying a need-based approach to the creation of a new disaster relief technology - Mobile Medical Emergency Responders (MMER). The first section of the thesis establishes a foundation for both the global and localized need for a telephony system such as the one I am designing - MMER. It does so by examining issues such as disaster relief coordination and information management challenges in Haiti, with the concurrent need for direct communication between volunteers and affected communities. It uncovers the challenges of disaster relief logistics and the medical supply chain, and the way in which MMER's crisis mapping component responds directly to these vulnerabilities. Low physician density and pitiful health care access is underscored, further supporting the need for the direct medical guidance and knowledge provided through MMER to its caller. Fundamentally, the global issue of illiteracy is stressed, in addition to the dearth of disaster relief technology to address this gap. This need is addressed by the unique position of MMER as a voice-enabled system. After both the context and need for MMER are established, the specification of the technology that could respond to these challenges is created and presented in MMER's system design. The concept of MMER is critiqued and vetted by disaster relief professionals, its design further revised, and a site selection analysis is carried out through geospatial exclusion to determine which region is best suited for the launch and use of MMER. Finally, a usability pilot survey is assembled in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the regional and local cultural context in which MMER would be implemented, and to analyze the interviewees' current access and use of mobile phones and medical services. A humanitarian disaster relief tool, MMER would be low (to no) cost for its immediate users. Catering to illiterate, disaster-affected communities, MMER would make it possible to unite affected communities and their self-reported needs directly to global volunteers and medical expertise, and to provide isolated communities in developing countries access to healthcare information through landlines and mobile phones.
by Kira Intrator.
M.C.P.
16
Quinn, Kelly. „An abandonment crisis in renewing neighborhoods? : the limitations of Boston's vacant building policy and alternative policy approach“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76863.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 96-104.
by Kelly Quinn.
M.C.P.
17
Wolff, Jessica Sadye. „Land use planning innovations in the midst of a 'Migration Crisis' : developing a spatial definition of refugee integration“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118228.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-93).
According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees' 2016 Global Trends Report, global human displacement is at a record high and refugee crises are increasingly urban. Research on forced migration has historically focused on the obligations of the nation state, overshadowing the role of cities in urban displacement. Using the conceptual framework of a refugee's 'right to the city,' this thesis seeks to contribute to literature on urban displacement by beginning to developing a spatial definition of refugee integration. A case study of state-provided refugee housing in Hamburg, Germany identifies innovations at the federal and state levels that outline a new model of how urban planning can contribute to refugee housing policy. This research provides an alternative to leading refugee housing models and highlights the importance of linking the historically segmented phases of emergency housing with long-term development and land use planning in cities experiencing rapid urbanization as a result of migration. Practices from this case study, as well as opportunities to refine the approach, provide insight into the development of refugee housing policy in land-constrained urban areas in the future.
by Jessica Sadye Wolff.
M.C.P.
18
Su, Yi 1975. „The low-rated CMBS market : mortgage REIT, financial innovation and policy lessons from the Asian and Russian financial crisis“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28751.
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Thesis (S.M. and M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 54).
As one of the most important financial innovations in 1990s, Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS) have provided significant amounts of financing for commercial real estate. However, when the Asian and Russian financial crisis hit in 1998, the low rated CMBS market almost dried up and one of the dominant investors Criimi Mae went to Chapter 11 for protection. This study investigates the events systematically from the perspectives of market structure and product development in the context of financial crisis. We found that the private and illiquid market structure and the short term marked-to-market repo financing together resulted in the disequilibrium of the low rated CMBS market during the financial crisis. Information efficiency and more resilient financing mechanism are needed to mitigate the conflicting interest between issuers/underwriters and investors of low rated CMBS.
by Yi Su.
S.M.and M.C.P.
19
Pilkington, Christopher. „The architecture of the unwanted : crisis in the implementation of the community-scale institution case study: mental health facilities in Massachusetts“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88805.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: p. [120]
by Christopher Pilkington.
M.S.
20
Deppa, Emma. „Local Approaches to Regional Problems: Suburban Government Responses to Portland's Regional Housing Crisis“. PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3045.
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The Portland metropolitan region has seen unprecedented growth in the last three decades, resulting in both economic expansion and considerable gentrification. While lauded for its commitment to sustainability and a "smart development" ethos, many questions remain for the city with respect to the needs of displaced residents and a burgeoning population of young professionals. This study examines how various levels of government implement growth management policies to accommodate these demographic changes, and aims to assess whether and how the consequences of growth, especially gentrification and displacement, are meaningfully addressed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with staff members and elected officials from city, county, and regional government structures across the Portland metropolitan area to investigate the "regional housing crisis." Inductive analysis of these data considers the implications of Portland's layered government structure for making equitable growth-related decisions.
Participants expressed a mismatch in what was expected of them--both from higher levels of government and their constituents--and their perceived capacity to do so. While government officials advocate the need for new development of affordable housing units, they see themselves as limited by a series of technical barriers in the stratified planning process, as well as an unequal distribution of influential power in public involvement processes. Findings are synthesized to offer policy recommendations and consider alternative government responses to public housing issues.
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Derossett, David L. „Crisis, conflict, and consumption| Case studies of the politics and culture of neoliberalization in urban responses to global economic transformations“. University of Missouri - Columbia, 2013.
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22
Kohl, Ulrik. „The Copenhill Crisis. The Dark Side of Planning The Greenest Waste-fired Power Plant Ever Seen“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21591.
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This thesis is about the making of a power plant. It sheds light on how neoliberal ideas shape large public investments in sustainable energy infrastructure. It tells the story of how the City of Copenhagen decided to build what was claimed to be the greenest waste-fired power plant in the world: Copenhill. The plant was to have a ski slope at the rooftop and a chimney puffing smoke-rings. However, conflicting urban visions and rationalities led to a year-long crisis in the project’s planning phase. In the end, Copenhill was built over capacity, which today makes it difficult to match budget and costs. I combined information from internal municipal documents, interviews with decision makers and informal corridor talk to identify the driving forces behind the outcome of the crisis, and the contradictions and complexities of the case. I found that the crisis had roots in the way the public energy company ARC began to act like a private firm, with an entrepreneurial vision. ARC adopted an expansionist growth plan to build a large power plant with iconic architecture. The Copenhill project attracted local politicians wishing to brand Copenhagen as a green world city. However, the city’s Technical and Environmental Administration (TEA) was guided by a managerial vision with a strong sustainability focus. TEA’s analysis showed that there would not be enough garbage in the city to power the over-sized plant. Consequences for economy and environment were seen as potentially disastrous. Supported by city council and government, TEA tried to stop Copenhill. The clash between the two different urban visions led to the formation of two opposing coalitions with each their own rationality. The contradictions between growth rationality and green rationality caused the Copenhill Crisis. The direct intervention of the power élite in support of a growth solution short-circuited the norms of transparent public decision-making. Bowing to political pressure, TEA produced new documents saying that Copenhill would be great for economy and climate. Dark planning practices led to an outcome that was falsely presented as a compromise between green and growth strategies. It was in fact a growth solution, wrapped in green arguments that were not rational. The case study supports a key proposition in theory on the dark side of planning: that rationality is context-dependent and that the context of rationality is power. The case study adds insights to theory by showing the ways neoliberal thought merges with existing socio-economic conditions in space and time, specifically within a Nordic welfare-state context. It shows how public energy companies can face challenges, not only from neoliberal-driven privatization attempts, but also from ideas of iconicity and city marketing. The case study reaffirms the strength of a Flyvbjergian approach to understand the effects of hidden power mechanisms on planning of public energy infrastructure.
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LISTERMAN, EMALEE M. „THE IDENTITY CRISIS OF UNINCORPORATED CAMPBELL COUNTY, KENTUCKY AND ITS EFFECT ON OPEN SPACE PRESERVATION, DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS, AND THE PLANNING PROCESS“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148253755.
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Foster, Brianna D. „Surviving in the Land of Opportunity: Outcomes of Post-Crisis Urban Redevelopment in the United States“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2239.
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How we develop cities in the twenty-first century remains a subject of contentious debate worldwide. As neoliberal strategies are implemented in redevelopment projects, public safety nets are reduced and low-income communities of color in declining urban neighborhoods become particularly vulnerable. This multiple case study seeks to understand the experiences of post crisis urban redevelopment for low-income communities of color in 5 major U.S. cities. The data I analyzed include 101 short videos from the interactive documentary platform Land of Opportunity, documenting the process of post-crisis urban redevelopment in New Orleans, New York, Chicago, Detroit, and San Francisco. In doing so, I discovered that residents' experiences vary greatly based on redevelopment strategy that was employed and the level of resident involvement in the redevelopment process.
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Casper-Futterman, Evan. „The Operation was Successful but the Patient Died: The Politics of Crisis and Homelessness in Post-Katrina New Orleans“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1368.
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On July 4th, 2007, a small group of housing activists set up a tent city encampment in a plaza adjacent to New Orleans City Hall. The action resulted in the creation of Homeless Pride, a small group of politicized Plaza residents. Six months later, hundreds of homeless people were moved from the park, and it was fenced off. Using archival videos, interviews, and news media, this thesis analyzes the opportunities and constraints that activists, service providers, and local officials faced in light of two intersecting and overlapping contexts. The first context is the immediate crisis of the levee failures after Hurricane Katrina, and the second is the longer-term national political-economic context of “neoliberal urbanism”. Because of dire short-term circumstances, Homeless Pride articulated a message of homelessness as a “crisis” even though they had larger structural goals and vision. In light of recent “Occupy” movements, this case study addresses crucial questions for organizers and policymakers attempting to combat poverty and wealth inequality.
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Zou, Yonghua. „The spatial distribution of subprime/higher-priced mortgages and its relationship with housing price variations within the Philadelphia metropolitan area: global model vs. local model“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/276923.
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Urban StudiesPh.D.
Over the last decade, the United States had experienced a boom and bust in the subprime mortgage market. The ups and downs of the subprime mortgage market became a primary factor triggering the most severe global economic recession since the Great Depression. The dissertation contributes to the literature by inquiring whether the subprime lending has exacerbated social inequity between subprime neighborhoods and other neighborhoods, through analyzing the subprime mortgage market in the Philadelphia MSA from 2000 through 2010, and focusing on two research questions: (1) the spatial distribution of subprime mortgages across census tracts; (2) the relationship between subprime intensities and housing price variations across zip-code areas. As the dissertation's study area expands from an urban to a MSA, spatial heterogeneity merits attention in this relative huge area. As a result, this dissertation not only employs a global, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model, but also a local, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model to examine spatial variations across different neighborhoods. For the first research question, the dissertation finds: (1) a higher concentration of higher-priced mortgage for purchase and refinance in tracts with higher proportion of African-American and Hispanic residents, lower median household incomes, higher-unemployment rates, lower self-employment rates, and higher capitalization rates, after controlling for other variables; (2) the association between higher-priced mortgages and explanatory variables varies across census tracts. Because the dynamics of neighborhood subprime originations are heterogamous, the association between subprime mortgage origination and socioeconomic characteristics may be stronger in some neighborhoods than other neighborhoods. For the second research question, the dissertation finds: (1) subprime mortgage shares have a significant negative association with housing price appreciations during the housing boom period (2001-2006); (2) subprime mortgage shares have a significant positive association with housing price depreciations during the housing bust period (2006-2010); and (3) the association between housing price variations and explanatory variables differs across geographic submarkets within the Philadelphia region. The result confirms that areas where more residents obtained subprime mortgages have suffered more severely than other from the housing market's ups and downs over the last decade. The empirical results can draw broad policy implications. The primary implication is that it is time for the federal government to rethink its homeownership policy. Increased homeownership levels arising from the expansion of subprime mortgages are not sustainable, and subprime lending has exacerbated social inequity between subprime neighborhoods and other neighborhoods. The second implication is that the government needs to enforce the fair lending laws, because the cluster of subprime mortgage origination reflects the unequal opportunities of prime mortgage accessibility across different neighborhoods. The third implication is that the government needs to promote place-based policy making. As the GWR demonstrates, the dynamics of the mortgage market and housing market are uneven across different neighborhoods. Therefore, place-based making can increase the efficiency of public policy. These implications based on the dissertation's empirical results are helpful for designing more efficient, effective, and sustainable housing policies of the United States.
Temple University--Theses
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Foconi, Jacob. „Pandemins påverkan på stadskärnan : Vilken effekt har Covid-19 haft på Umeå stadskärnan“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185274.
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The purpose of this study is to understand the short- and long term implications of the Covid-19 virus on the city center and what is done to revitalize it to a more attractive and available place. This case study is done on Umeå city center, where the municipality is going through a massive transformation and plans to increase its population size from 130 000 to 200 000 by 2050. That is a 50% population increase over a 30-year period, this also entails doubling the amount of constructing on a yearly basis. With the municipality focusing on densification of its cities, with a particular focus on the city center since they want to build a dense and vibrant city where everything is within a 5 km distance radius. The case study is done with a qualitative method using semi structural interviews. The observations made from the interview are compared to previous scientific studies, documents and theories made by urban planners and culture geographers. They include Jane Jacobs, Richard Florida and previous work on the correlation between urbanization and spread of infection as well as studies on people’s preferences on where to live, either being in or outside the city perimeter. To gather empirical information a selection of people in suitable positions were interviewed. The results from the interviews and document shows that the city center has not been affected by the Covid-19 virus on a macro level. There has however been a wide impact on the microgeographic level, where stores and restaurant have been highly affected by the restrictions imposed. People have also seen their daily lives affected which has changed their routines and behavior in consumption and movement. There has been little change in the planning process or vision for the city center expect that there has been a greater emphasis on cooperation between businesses and the municipality.
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Vaz, Céline. „Le franquisme et la production de la ville : politiques du logement et de l’urbanisme, mondes professionnels et savoirs urbains en Espagne des années 1930 aux années 1970“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100196.
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Urbanisation désordonnée, manque d’équipements urbains, prééminence de la promotion privée dans la production de logements, domination de la propriété d’occupation, telles sont les caractéristiques du développement urbain et immobilier sous le régime franquiste, qui ont perduré jusqu’à aujourd’hui pour certaines d’entre elles. Cette ville « sans qualité » constitue un objet de préoccupation sociale majeur et une voie de contestation du régime dans les dernières années de la dictature franquiste. Le mode de production de la ville qui se met en place durant l’époque franquiste, et la question urbaine sur lequel il débouche, constituent l’objet de cette thèse. Cette recherche repose sur l’analyse conjointe des politiques nationales d’urbanisme et du logement, et du groupe professionnel des architectes. Ce choix a été guidé par un double constat. L’interventionnisme du régime franquiste s’est en effet aussi concrétisé dans les domaines du logement et de l’urbanisme : un ensemble d’organismes centraux, de dispositions et de dispositifs officiels ont ainsi encadré et déterminé le mode de production urbaine. Les architectes, par la position particulièrement privilégiée qu’ils occupent dans le secteur de la construction en Espagne, jouent un rôle clé dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de ces politiques. Des membres du groupe professionnel sont par ailleurs les fers de la critique urbaine à la fin de la dictature. Ce dispositif de recherche permet d’étudier la constitution de l’espace urbain et immobilier en catégorie de l’action publique et les effets de ce processus sur les champs professionnel et scientifique sur l’ensemble de la période franquiste. Il offre les bases d’une histoire sociale des politiques urbaines qui éclaire à la fois l’histoire du régime franquiste, l’histoire des sciences sociales de la ville, ainsi que la sociologie de l’action publique et des groupes professionnelsFrancoism and urban production. Housing and urban policies, professionals and urban sciences in Spain from the 1930's to the 1970's.An urban model oriented towards growth, lack of public facilities and infrastructure, high proportion of owner-tenancy, shortage of public housing, or the relevance of real state in the national economy are some of the characteristics of Spain’s urban development during Franco’s dictatorship. It became a main social concern and way to criticize Franco’s regime at the end of the dictatorship. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the mode of production of Spanish cities during the dictatorship and the social urban movement at the end of the regime. This research is based on the double analysis of national urban planning and housing policies and of the role of one of their principal actors: the architects. During the Franco’s era, State’s intervention was indeed reflected on housing and town-planning through a set of central institutions or bodies, of legal provisions and official measures. Theses decisions determined the mode of urban development. Owing to their privileged position in the building sector in Spain, architects play a key role in the definition and implementation of these policies. Moreover, some architects were years later the leaders of urban criticism and urban social movement. This set-up brings into light the development, if not the constitution, of the urban space as a category of public action during the Franco years, as well as its effects on the professional and scientific fields. This PhD thesis intends to constitute a social history of urban policies during the Franco’s era (1939-1975). Through this approach, it contributes to a better knowledge of the history of this period, of the history of urban social sciences and public action and of the sociology of professions
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Chaze, Milhan. „Le commerce des petites villes : Organisation géographique et stratégies d'aménagement . : Etude du centre-est de la France“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF20001.
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Au cours des dernières décennies, le commerce de détail a connu de profondesévolutions. Elles ont largement marqué l’organisation des espaces urbains, et plus largementdes territoires qu’ils polarisent. Cette thèse de doctorat se propose d’aborder la question ducommerce de détail dans un type d’espace urbain particulier que sont les petites villes, enprenant l’exemple de celles du Centre-est de la France. Dans le cadre des mutations dusystème commercial et des territoires sur lesquels il s’inscrit, nous avons posé laproblématique de l’adaptation des petites villes aux changements provoqués par les Secondeet Troisième Révolutions commerciales. Après avoir démontré que les petites villes, en dépitde certaines originalités liées à leur taille et à leur positionnement dans la hiérarchie urbaine,ont parfaitement été intégrées dans les dynamiques récentes de la fonction commerciale et descomportements d’achat, nous avons vu que cette adaptation varie fortement en fonction duprofil démographique, fonctionnel et situationnel des petites villes. La diversité des cas defigure nous a alors amené à nous pencher sur le question du rôle des acteurs publics et privésdans les stratégies locales d’aménagement et de développement commercial, et à laconclusion de la nécessité de coordonner les politiques d’aménagement et de développementcommercial avec celles portant sur les autres éléments du système urbain de la petite ville,afin de renforcer leur efficacitéDuring the last decades, retail trade has known some important evolutions. Theyhave left a mark on the urban spaces’ organization, and moreover on the territories polarizedby the towns. This thesis aims to study the issue of the retail trade in a particular type of urbanspace that is the small town, taking the example of the Centre-East of France. Within theframework of the mutations of the commercial system and its territories, we have posed theproblematic of the adaptation of small towns to the changes generated by the Second and theThird Commercial Revolutions. After demonstrating that small towns, despite someoriginalities explained by their size and their position in the urban hierarchy, have beenclearly integrated in the recent dynamics of the commercial function and the customers’behaviour, we have seen that this adaptation vary according to the demographic, functionaland situational profile of the small towns. The diversity of the cases brought us to the issue ofthe role of public and private actors in the local strategies of commercial planning anddevelopment. Our reflection took us to the conclusion of a necessary coordination of retailplanning and development policies with the ones which deal with the other elements of thesmall town’s urban system, in order to improve their efficiency
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Racette, Jean-Christophe. „Contrôler le logement, contrôler la Ville : l’intervention en matière de salubrité des logements à Montréal, 1930-1939“. Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20684.
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Sharma, Monika. „The Slow Violence of Business As Usual Planning: Racial Injustice in Public Health Crises“. 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1023.
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This thesis is a critical analysis of the normative planning practice in relation to the aspirational principles of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) (especially Section A, Part 1: Overall Responsibility to the Public). By exploring several dimensions of typical, or Business As Usual, planning practices in a local planning department in Springfield, Massachusetts and contextualized within larger planning concerns in the United States, I illustrate that socio-spatial, racialized oppression is deeply embedded in these common practices. Through a multimethod approach that includes historical survey, archival research, interviews, and direct observation, I argue that most professional planning operates from within antiquated frameworks that prioritize professionalism and expertise over genuine community engagement, relationality, and collective agency. This structure contributes to weakened trust in government and inequitable allocation of attention and resources, thereby reproducing inequity, particularly in disaster contexts. While these are my findings from site-specific research, I contend that such outcomes are evident in planning departments more generally. Thus, I conclude that the exacerbation of inequity during crises is not isolated, but instead a result of deeply embedded neoliberal planning practices. Specifically, I identify key barriers to equitable planning as 1) absence of care, 2) over-reliance on economic development, 3) disconnects between research and implementation, 4) degraded linking social capital and top-down public participation, and 5) illusions of objectivity in planning. These patterns contribute to what I, following Rob Nixon (2011), call slow violence against vulnerable populations through professional silence about and complicity in violent structures. Associating these trends with the violence of COVID-19 and racism, I find that planning may be participating in structural slow violence against communities of color, especially in Legacy Cities such as Springfield, Massachusetts. Finally, I call for a shift in planning practice, wherein we acknowledge and take responsibility for the unavoidable political role of the planner. I propose five steps to redirect our practices: 1) acknowledge our past, 2) reject illusions of objectivity, 3) identify injustices and define resilience collectively, 4) center care frameworks, and 5) invest in the implementation of research findings