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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Urban areas delineation“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Urban areas delineation"
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Zhang, Jun, Xiaodie Yuan, Xueping Tan und Xue Zhang. „Delineation of the Urban-Rural Boundary through Data Fusion: Applications to Improve Urban and Rural Environments and Promote Intensive and Healthy Urban Development“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 13 (05.07.2021): 7180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137180.
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As one of the most important methods for limiting urban sprawl, the accurate delineation of the urban–rural boundary not only promotes the intensive use of urban resources, but also helps to alleviate the urban issues caused by urban sprawl, realizing the intensive and healthy development of urban cities. Previous studies on delineating urban–rural boundaries were only based on the level of urban and rural development reflected by night-time light (NTL) data, ignoring the differences in the spatial development between urban and rural areas; so, the comprehensive consideration of NTL and point of interest (POI) data can help improve the accuracy of urban–rural boundary delineation. In this study, the NTL and POI data were fused using wavelet transform, and then the urban–rural boundary before and after data fusion was delineated by multiresolution segmentation. Finally, the delineation results were verified. The verification result shows that the accuracy of delineating the urban–rural boundary using only NTL data is 84.20%, and the Kappa value is 0.6549; the accuracy using the fusion of NTL and POI data on the basis of wavelet transform is 93.2%, and the Kappa value is 0.8132. Therefore, we concluded that the proposed method of using wavelet transform to fuse NTL and POI data considers the differences between urban and rural development, which significantly improves the accuracy of the delineation of urban–rural boundaries. Accurate delineation of urban–rural boundaries is helpful for optimizing internal spatial structure in both urban and rural areas, alleviating environmental problems resulting from urban development, assisting the formulation of development policies for urban and rural fringes, and promoting the intensive and healthy development of urban areas.
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Wang, Gusiyuan, und Wangshu Mu. „A Spatial Optimization Model for Delineating Metropolitan Areas“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, Nr. 2 (06.02.2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13020051.
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A metropolitan area comprises a collection of cities and counties bound by strong socioeconomic ties. Despite the pivotal role that metropolitan areas play in regional economics, their delineation remains a challenging task for researchers and urban planners. Current threshold-based delineation methods select counties based on their connection strength with prespecified core counties. Such an approach often neglects potential interactions among outlying counties and fails to identify polycentric urban structures. The delineation of a metropolitan area is fundamentally a spatial optimization problem, whose objective is to identify a set of counties with high interconnectivity while also meeting specific constraints, such as area, contiguity, and shape. In this study, we present a novel spatial optimization model designed for metropolitan area delineation. This model aims to maximize intercounty connection strength in terms of both industry and daily life. This approach ensures a more accurate representation of the multicore structure that is commonly seen in developed metropolitan areas. Additionally, our model avoids the possibility of holes in metropolitan area delineation, leading to more coherent and logical metropolitan boundaries. We provide a mixed-integer programming formulation for the proposed model. Its efficacy is demonstrated by delineating the boundaries of the Nanjing and Lhasa metropolitan areas. This study also delves into discussions and policy implications pertinent to both of these metropolitan areas.
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Zhang, Xiaoyuan, Hao Wang, Xiaogang Ning, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ruowen Liu und Huibing Wang. „Identification of Metropolitan Area Boundaries Based on Comprehensive Spatial Linkages of Cities: A Case Study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, Nr. 7 (13.07.2022): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070396.
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As a regional management unit to solve "urban diseases,” metropolitan areas are gradually attracting widespread attention. How to objectively and accurately delineate the boundaries of a metropolitan area is the primary prerequisite for carrying out targeted studies and precisely formulating regional planning measures. However, the existing methods for delineating metropolitan area boundaries have problems, such as high data acquisition costs, subjectivity, and a single perspective of urban linkage. To address the above problems, we propose a “bottom-up” approach to metropolitan area boundary delineation based on urban comprehensive spatial linkages. We used only publicly available data to construct a directionally weighted network of urban spatial linkages, and applied community detection algorithms to delineate metropolitan area boundaries. Taking the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region as a case study area, the method’s validity was confirmed. The results showed the following: (1) Eight metropolitan areas were delineated within the region, with two types of metropolitan areas: “Inter-municipal” and “single-city”. (2) The overall accuracy of the delineation results reached 83.41%, which is highly consistent with their corresponding isochrone maps. (3) Most metropolitan areas were observed to have an obvious “central–peripheral” structure, with only the JingJinLang metropolitan area being a polycentric mature metropolitan area, whereas the other metropolitan areas remained in the initial stage of development, with Zhangjiakou and Chengde not yet having formed metropolitan areas. This study’s methodology highlights the basic criteria of “inter-city spatial linkage” as the foundation for boundary delineation, avoiding the inaccuracy caused by the subjective selection of boundary thresholds, and can also accurately determine the developmental stage and internal spatial structure of metropolitan areas. Our method can provide new perspectives for regional boundary delineation and spatial planning policy formulation.
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Yunus, Sulaiman. „DELINEATION OF URBAN FLOOD RISK AREAS USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE“. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, Nr. 4 (14.06.2021): 492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-282.
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The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface run-off attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface run-off flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found within high accumulation areas along the floodplains of River Jakara (in the North and North-eastern part) and Kano-Zaria road (southern part) are at higher risk than those found on low accumulation areas. The study concluded that excess surface run-off flow direction and accumulation are among the fundamental factors determining the risk to urban flooding. The study recommends that with the ongoing level of urban development and impervious surface expansion, urban planners and policy makers should make use of the flow direction and accumulation maps in determining safer places for future developments.
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Yunus, Sulaiman. „DELINEATION OF URBAN FLOOD RISK AREAS USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE“. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, Nr. 1 (25.06.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-533.
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The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface run-off attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface run-off flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found within high accumulation areas along the floodplains of River Jakara (in the North and North-eastern part) and Kano-Zaria road (southern part) are at higher risk than those found on low accumulation areas. The study concluded that excess surface run-off flow direction and accumulation are among the fundamental factors determining the risk to urban flooding. The study recommends that with the ongoing level of urban development and impervious surface expansion, urban planners and policy makers should make use of the flow direction and accumulation maps in determining safer places for future developments
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Sun, Xiaomeng, Xingjian Liu und Yang Zhou. „Delineating Peri-Urban Areas Using Multi-Source Geo-Data: A Neural Network Approach and SHAP Explanation“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 16 (21.08.2023): 4106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164106.
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Delineating urban and peri-urban areas has often used information from multiple sources including remote sensing images, nighttime light images, and points-of-interest (POIs). Human mobility from big geo-spatial data could also be relevant for delineating peri-urban areas but its use is not fully explored. Moreover, it is necessary to assess how individual data sources are associated with identification results. Aiming at these gaps, we apply a neural network model to integrate indicators from multi-sources including land cover maps, nighttime light imagery as well as incorporating information about human movement from taxi trips to identify peri-urban areas. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values are used as an explanation tool to assess how different data sources and indicators may be associated with delineation results. Wuhan, China is selected as a case study. Our findings highlight that socio-economic indicators, such as nighttime light intensity, have significant impacts on the identification of peri-urban areas. Spatial/physical attributes derived from land cover images and road density have relative low associations. Moreover, taxi intensity as a typical human movement dataset may complement nighttime light and POIs datasets, especially in refining boundaries between peri-urban and urban areas. Our study could inform the selection of data sources for identifying peri-urban areas, especially when facing data availability issues.
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Zoraghein, Hamidreza, und Stefan Leyk. „Estimating changes in urban land and urban population using refined areal interpolation techniques“. Proceedings of the ICA 1 (16.05.2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-130-2018.
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The analysis of changes in urban land and population is important because the majority of future population growth will take place in urban areas. U.S. Census historically classifies urban land using population density and various land-use criteria. This study analyzes the reliability of census-defined urban lands for delineating the spatial distribution of urban population and estimating its changes over time. To overcome the problem of incompatible enumeration units between censuses, regular areal interpolation methods including Areal Weighting (AW) and Target Density Weighting (TDW), with and without spatial refinement, are implemented. The goal in this study is to estimate urban population in Massachusetts in 1990 and 2000 (source zones), within tract boundaries of the 2010 census (target zones), respectively, to create a consistent time series of comparable urban population estimates from 1990 to 2010. Spatial refinement is done using ancillary variables such as census-defined urban areas, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) as well as different combinations of them. The study results suggest that census-defined urban areas alone are not necessarily the most meaningful delineation of urban land. Instead, it appears that alternative combinations of the above-mentioned ancillary variables can better depict the spatial distribution of urban land, and thus make it possible to reduce the estimation error in transferring the urban population from source zones to target zones when running spatially-refined temporal areal interpolation.
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Gawrońska-Nowak, Bogna, Piotr Lis und Olha Zadorozhna. „Deliniation of metropolitan areas in Poland: A functional approach“. Economics & Sociology 15, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2022): 80–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-4/4.
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elineation of urban functional areas helps policymakers and urban planners understand the connections between the core cities and areas surrounding them, and subsequently develop policies and solutions that can serve local populations. This article develops a readily applicable econometric method for delineation that considers functional aspects of cities and their surroundings. We perform delineation analysis using the data for 78 Polish core cities, grouping them by population size. Using the satellite data on lights emitted at night, population density, commuter numbers as well as the number of houses and apartments built in each commune, we apply a threshold regression model to determine the boundaries of functional urban areas. Our main results suggest that the mean radius of functional urban areas (FUAs) around the largest (most populous) cities is, on average, 21 km, while it is between 13 and 16 km for smaller cities. We then test how the econometric results compare with the perceptions of local inhabitants through a citizen science project (CSP) conducted as a robustness check.
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Chen, Meifang, Yongwan Chun und Daniel A. Griffith. „Delineating Housing Submarkets Using Space–Time House Sales Data: Spatially Constrained Data-Driven Approaches“. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, Nr. 6 (02.06.2023): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16060291.
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With the increasing availability of large volumes of space–time house data, delineating space–time housing submarkets is of interest to real estate agents, homebuyers, urban policymakers, and spatial researchers, among others. Appropriately delineated housing submarkets can help nurture submarket monitoring and housing policy developments. Although submarkets are often expected to represent areas with similar houses, neighborhoods, and amenities characteristics, delineating spatially contiguous areas with virtually no fragmented small areas remains challenging. Furthermore, housing submarkets can potentially change over time along with concomitant urban transformations, such as urban sprawl, gentrification, and infrastructure improvements, even in large metropolitan areas, which can complicate delineating submarkets with data for lengthy time periods. This study proposes a new method for integrating a random effects model with spatially constrained data-driven approaches in order to identify stable and reliable space–time housing submarkets, instead of their dynamic changes. This random effects model specification is expected to capture time-invariant spatial patterns, which can help identify stable submarkets over time. It highlights two spatially constrained data-driven approaches, ClustGeo and REDCAP, which perform equally well and produce similar space–time housing submarket structures. This proposed method is utilized for a case study of Franklin County, Ohio, using 19 years of space–time private house transaction data (2001–2019). A comparative analysis using a hedonic model demonstrates that the resulting submarkets generated by the proposed method perform better than popular alternative submarket creators in terms of model performances and house price predictions. Enhanced space–time housing delineation can furnish a way to better understand the sophisticated housing market structures, and to help enhance their modeling and housing policy. This paper contributes to the literature on space–time housing submarket delineations with enhanced approaches to effectively generate spatially constrained housing submarkets using data-driven methods.
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Serohin, Denys, und Sergiy Kostrikov. „Towards urbanistic geosituation delineation“. 58, Nr. 58 (01.06.2023): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2023-58-19.
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Introduction. Modern cities are complex and rapidly expanding systems. For their more effective study, it is necessary to use methods of urban remote sensing, in particular, LiDAR survey. Processed LiDAR survey data, visualized in a 3D scene, model a certain urban configuration that represents a static picture of the relationships between objects, processes and phenomena in the urban environment. The representation of such configurations in the dynamic plane are urbanistic geosituations. The main research objective of the paper is to define the concept and present the essence of the urbanistic geosituation. Results. The urbanistic geosituation is a dynamic aspect of a certain state of the urban environment, in which there are objects, processes and phenomena that are in dialectical unity with this urban environment. The urbanistic geosituation can be represented as a separate area of the urban environment in a certain research context with a specific state that is currently not inherent in other areas. The article describes in detail the property of the structural heredity of geosituations, which can be traced during the growth of cities. New buildings and roads are laid out taking into account the existing layout, thus inheriting the structure of the original geosituations. On the example of the city of Washington using 2D and 3D maps, the article discusses the features of identifying inherited urbanistic geosituations using the general functionality of visual analysis. On the example of the city of Kharkiv are described urban problems that arise as a result of unplanned development and ignoring the structural heredity of urbanistic geosituations. Repeating geosituations with common properties and internal configurations are combined into different rank geosituational patterns, which are tracked on city maps with the naked eye. The higher the rank of the pattern, the more stable it is, and the larger territories it covers in terms of more generalized properties. The formation of geosituations patterns is successfully combined with the feature of collecting and storing LiDAR data, which are divided into many areas of the same size – tiles. An important property of urbanistic geosituations is their variability, which manifests itself in the city study in the context of the daily population concentration. Diverse internal urban processes and phenomena often lead to the emergence of urbanistic geosituations that characterize the temporary gravity centers of the population. To search, identify and analyze urbanistic geosituations, it is necessary to use two key components – global coverage maps and geographic information systems (GIS). The article describes a special web-GIS that combines these components and provides an environment for exploring urbanistic geosituations in a 3D scene. Three use-cases are also proposed for analyzing urban systems at the geosituational level: visibility analysis, buildings energy consumption estimation, and population estimation [11, 21]. Conclusions. The geosituational approach in urban research can significantly improve the urban environment study. The repeatability of urban geosituations and the small data sets that can be obtained using LiDAR surveys provide grounds for their effective analysis and visualization in GIS, as a result of which it is possible to extract urban geosystem properties that can be relevant for the entire city.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Urban areas delineation"
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Liu, Ting. „Modeling for delineation of protection areas for shallow groundwater resources in peri-urban areas“. Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171794.
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Bwaise III in Kampala, Uganda is a densely populated informal settlement with a shallow groundwater table and inadequate basic services. High risk of groundwater contamination will bring health problem to the local residents. In this study, a large dimension (300 m in length) 2D model was developed to depict the hydrogeological condition and to examine the response to different rainfall infiltration rate on the groundwater table. The boundary condition of the drainage system plays an important role in modeling the groundwater flow. The simulation results show that water in the drain will flow into the aquifer when the drain is full, otherwise the drain will act as a sink for ground water. Advective transport of phosphorus results in no pollutants reaching or percolating into the drain. The integration of phosphorous concentra-tion flowing out of Domain 3 (pollutant inlet) corresponds to the infiltration rate and the plume moves faster during the wet season which brings in more phosphorous compared with the dry season. With sorption, all the phosphorus was adsorbed within the top soil. A simplified 3D model was set up to illustrate the flow field. Additional simulation can be undertaken within this 3D frame for more realistic calculation and consistent prediction.
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Korporal, Kenneth Dean Carleton University Dissertation Geography. „The delineation of census urban areas by computer-assisted mapping and remote sensing“. Ottawa, 1985.
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Le, Frioux Romuald. „Analyses des Environnements Urbains : évaluation des coûts de la pollution de l'air liée au trafic routier et délimitations algorithmiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1338.
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Cette thèse d'économie propose une analyse approfondie des environnements urbains, en mettant l'accent sur les impacts économiques et environnementaux de la pollution atmosphérique due au trafic routier. À travers des approches méthodologiques innovantes, elle combine modélisation intégrée et délimitations algorithmiques pour évaluer les effets de diverses politiques de réduction des émissions dans des contextes urbains spécifiques. Bien que son ancrage soit économique, elle mobilise des méthodologies et des modèles provenant de différents domaines, tels que les sciences environnementales, l'ingénierie, la géomatique et la géographie.Le premier chapitre s'intéresse à La Réunion. L'étude développe une chaîne de modèles intégrés, incluant la simulation du trafic, les émissions de polluants, la dispersion atmosphérique et l'exposition de la population. Ce cadre permet de quantifier les coûts économiques de la pollution liée aux transports. Les scénarios évalués incluent le remplacement des véhicules thermiques par des véhicules électriques et l'introduction de la flexibilité des horaires de travail. Les résultats montrent que ces mesures réduisent l'exposition aux polluants, générant des gains économiques significatifs grâce à la réduction des impacts sanitaires.Le deuxième chapitre explore les effets des politiques de limitation de la vitesse sur la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, région caractérisée par une forte densité de population et un trafic routier intense. Le modèle METRO-TRACE, utilisé pour simuler l'impact des restrictions de vitesse, permet d'analyser les variations des concentrations de polluants et l'exposition des habitants en fonction des politiques mises en œuvre. Les résultats indiquent que des réductions ciblées de la vitesse maximale peuvent diminuer significativement les émissions de NOx, de PM2.5 et de CO2, réduisant ainsi les coûts sanitaires associés à la pollution de l'air dans la région.Le troisième chapitre élargit la portée de l'analyse à l'échelle mondiale, en développant une méthode de cartographie algorithmique pour identifier et comparer les zones urbaines à travers le monde. Cette méthode, innovante par son approche de comparaison homogène des zones urbaines, permet de suivre l'évolution de l'urbanisation et d'identifier les zones où les efforts de réduction des émissions doivent être intensifiés. Elle fournit ainsi un cadre pour analyser les dynamiques urbaines et les relations entre densité urbaine, pollution de l'air, et les coûts qui leur sont associés.En intégrant des modèles de simulation détaillés et une approche de cartographie algorithmique, cette thèse apporte une contribution significative à la compréhension des coûts économiques de la pollution de l'air liée aux transports. Elle offre également des outils pour l'évaluation des politiques publiques en matière de qualité de l'air et propose des pistes pour une urbanisation durable. En fournissant des modèles applicables à des contextes variés, elle contribue aux recherches sur la durabilité urbaine et la réduction des inégalités environnementales, tout en favorisant le bien-être des populationsThis economics thesis offers an in-depth analysis of urban environments, focusing on the economic and environmental impacts of air pollution caused by road traffic. Through innovative methodological approaches, it combines integrated modeling and algorithmic delineation to evaluate the effects of various emission reduction policies in specific urban contexts. Although its foundation is in economics, it draws on methodologies and models from different fields, such as environmental sciences, engineering, geomatics, and geography.The first chapter focuses on La Réunion. The study develops an integrated chain of models, including traffic simulation, pollutant emissions, atmospheric dispersion, and population exposure. This framework allows for the quantification of the economic costs of transport-related pollution. The scenarios evaluated include replacing conventional vehicles with electric ones and introducing flexible working hours. The results show that these measures reduce exposure to pollutants, generating significant economic gains through the reduction of health impacts.The second chapter explores the effects of speed limit policies on air quality in Île-de-France, a region characterized by a high population density and intense road traffic. The METRO-TRACE model, used to simulate the impact of speed restrictions, allows for the analysis of variations in pollutant concentrations and residents' exposure based on the implemented policies. The results indicate that targeted reductions in maximum speed can significantly decrease NOx, PM2.5, and CO2 emissions, thereby reducing the health-related costs of air pollution in the region.The third chapter broadens the scope of the analysis to a global scale by developing an algorithmic mapping method to identify and compare urban areas worldwide. This method, innovative in its approach to homogeneous comparison of urban zones, enables the tracking of urbanization trends and the identification of areas where emission reduction efforts need to be intensified. It thus provides a framework for analyzing urban dynamics and the relationships between urban density, air pollution, and the associated costs.By integrating detailed simulation models and an algorithmic mapping approach, this thesis makes a significant contribution to understanding the economic costs of transport-related air pollution. It also offers tools for evaluating public policies on air quality and suggests pathways for sustainable urbanization. By providing models applicable to various contexts, it contributes to research on urban sustainability and the reduction of environmental inequalities, while promoting the well-being of populations
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McGuire, John Anthony. „Defining and delineating urban neighbourhoods : a case study of housing areas in Brent, North London“. Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/55/.
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There is no geographical definition of the neighbourhood despite it being the chosen spatial scale for U.K. government policy tackling social injustice and rebuilding democracy, and the setting for the majority of life’s experiences where an individual’s lifelong welfare is largely determined. Consequently, resources are targeted sub-optimally with environmental and social dynamics largely undiagnosed. This has fuelled an urgent demand for revealing the nature of neighbourhoods, and how they can be identified on the ground and delineated on maps. Implementing a positive methodology I build upon the foremost theoretically-supported pedestrian-street network neighbourhood model, harnessing established theory, and present an integrative geographical theory of the neighbourhood and its practical manifestation to address the research problem. Using Grannis's empirical work as a benchmark I test the transferability of his methodology to the UK and the explanatory power of my housing area neighbourhood model, using correlation analysis, in two London case study areas, with positive results. Housing areas arise from the physical and built environments and are shown to explain social distributions better than other spatial units tested, and compare favourably with applied surrogate neighbourhoods. I then identify the datasets required to roll out the methodology for developing a practical, meaningful and bounded neighbourhood geography. Further analysis confirms the role of wealth as the great social and spatial segregator. The neighbourhood is re-conceptualised as an holistic and commonly understood entity, whilst the spatial precision introduced facilitates measurement and assessment for optimal service and resource provision, as well as monitoring and intervention. Presenting structural and social homophily as the geneses of social interaction patterns and the explanation for how space is transformed into place is a paradigm shift in our understanding of this fundamental geographical concept which promises to stimulate additional theoretical substantiation and development whilst providing a framework for phenomenological and ethnographical approaches.
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Calestam, Karl-Martin. „Bestämning av vattendelare i urban miljö : Metod för avgränsning av avrinningsområden i ArcGIS utgående från dagvattensystemet“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208123.
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Växande städer leder till att naturmark omvandlas till stadsmiljöer. Det skapar mer hårdgjorda ytor och därmed ökade volymer dagvatten som behöver hanteras. Modellering av dagvattennätet används ofta för att bedöma kapaciteten och risk för översvämningar. Avrinningsområdets storlek är en avgörande parameter för att bedöma hur mycket vatten som kommer till en viss ledning. Traditionellt har automatisk bestämning av avrinningsområden gjorts enbart utifrån topografin. I områden med dagvattennät styr däremot ledningarnas sträckning i första hand hur vattnet rinner, och de följer inte nödvändigtvis terrängen. ArcHydro Tools, som är ett tilläggsprogram till ArcMap, har utvecklats för att beräkna topografiska avrinningsområden. Genom att programmera en tilläggsfunktion i Python har processen i ArcHydro Tools anpassats för att kunna ta hänsyn till dagvattennätet. Dagvattennätet approximerades som vattendrag. Tryckledningar och tunnlar tillåter inte något inflöde av vatten. Därför beskrevs dessa som ändpunkter i ledningsnätet, varifrån vattnet inte rann vidare. Funktionen som skapades i det här examensarbetet tillät att vattnet stannade i dessa punkter, till skillnad från i den ursprungliga metoden. Den utgick istället från att vattnet rann till kanten av det undersökta området, vilket i de här fallen skulle ha resulterat i felaktigt avgränsade avrinningsområden. Tilläggsfunktionen anpassades för att användas som övriga funktioner i ArcMap och testades på data över Lidingö stad. Resultatet visade att det var möjligt att utnyttja topografiskt baserade metoder för bestämning av avrinningsområden så att avgränsningen istället skedde med utgångspunkt i dagvattennätet. Det är ett steg mot att effektivisera processen för bestämning av avrinningsområden för användning vid hydrologisk modellering av dagvattennätet. Behovet av manuell bearbetning minskas. Ett försök att i ArcMap implementera en funktion för efterbehandling av avrinningsområden gjordes också. Funktionen letar upp avrinningsområden som bedöms som för små och lägger ihop dem med ett närliggande område. Avrinningsområden som beräknats med den modifierade metoden har senare använts vid modellering av dagvattennätet i Molkom, Värmland.Growing populations result in expanding cities. An increase in the amount of impervious surfaces in the area will follow and thereby generate more storm water. The capacity of the drainage system can be evaluated using hydraulic modelling. The model highly depends on the catchment areas, which will determine the water volume each pipe section receive. Watershed delineation is usually done based on the topography. However, if a storm water drainage system is present, it may route the water in a different direction than the slope indicates. ArcHydro Tools is an extension to ArcMap and is commonly used to delineate catchment areas. The method heavily relies on topography during this process. A function has been developed during the course of this project to allow for the drainage system to be the primary source of information for watershed delineation. This function made sure that outlets in the model were to be evaluated as such, even if they happen to be located in the middle of the area of interest. The water is therefore not necessarily routed to the edge of the elevation model, but can be allowed to stay at the appropriate position. In order to do this, the drainage system was represented as a stream network. The new method was applied to test data supplied by Lidingö city, Stockholm, Sweden, and included elevation data and information about the drainage system. The result implies that it is indeed possible to use the drainage system as a base for delineation of catchment areas. A more efficient method of calculating catchment areas will reduce the required amount of manual processing, thereby saving time and resources. Another function, for finishing up the resulting catchment areas, is proposed but not fully implemented. The whole process was used to delineate catchment areas for Molkom, County of Värmland, Sweden. The resulting watersheds were later successfully used for modelling the storm water drains in the area.
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Muhs, Sebastian [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Burghardt, Dirk [Gutachter] Burghardt, Nguyen Xuan [Gutachter] Thinh und Gotthard [Gutachter] Meinel. „Computational Delineation of Built-up Area at Urban Block Level from Topographic Maps : A Contribution to Retrospective Monitoring of Urban Dynamics / Sebastian Muhs ; Gutachter: Dirk Burghardt, Nguyen Xuan Thinh, Gotthard Meinel ; Betreuer: Dirk Burghardt“. Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1226901220/34.
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陽國栗. „A Study on the Delineation of Urban Renewal Area in Qingshui District ,Taichung City“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gwvnr9.
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碩士逢甲大學
都市計畫與空間資訊學系
106
The "Urban Renewal Development Plan 104-107", approved by Executive Yuan on February 26, 2015, it is clearly identified that the urban living environment in the old urban area is deteriorating due to the urbanization. Not only the disaster-prone factor but also the urban activity Aggregation has the effect of amplification; and the overall economic environment in the region is low. In order to solve the current problems in the metropolitan area where the urban real environment and functions are occurring, the advanced countries in the world are trying their best to solve the problem of urban renewal, strengthening the public facilities and disaster prevention and rescue functions through urban renewal, and rejuvenating the urban economy and improving Urban functions, reshaping the environmental quality of urban space as the goal, in order to enhance the competitiveness of cities and promote the sustainable development of the region. Qingshui formerly called "Gomach", it was at least traceable from 3500 to 4000 years, and it has not only multiple humanities buildings and remains but also has long history and culture, but changing of time, the region early elegance was no longer see, for retain regional characteristics texture, need to promotes urban regeneration and to be activated through urban renewal Through reviewing the literature, we set up the indexes for evaluating the urban renewal area and the details of the assessment. Followed by the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), we consider the above-mentioned relevant criteria to establish the assessment of urban renewal areas Multiple decision-making model. Taking the urban planning of Qingshui District of Taichung City as an example, after first analyzing the suitability of land adaptability and then using GIS geographic information system, taking relevant policies, natural factors and social factors into account, the Spatial Analyst sets over the planning area Within the designated urban renewal area. Subsequently, the relative weight of each decision criterion is obtained through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) questionnaire, which is applied to the decision-making model proposed in this study to prioritize urban renewal. It is hoped that the urban renewal areas will be delineated in line with the indicators and assessment details of the regional characteristics and the urban renewal areas will be prioritized to meet the needs of the region.
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Muhs, Sebastian. „Computational Delineation of Built-up Area at Urban Block Level from Topographic Maps: A Contribution to Retrospective Monitoring of Urban Dynamics“. Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34036.
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Among many others, one general goal of the UN sustainability strategies aims at reducing the anthropogenic land change due to land take for settlements and transport infrastructure. To monitor the success of this goal and to comprehensively study and better understand these urban dynamic processes – such as densification, growth and sprawl, or shrinkage –, quantitative measurements were introduced to assist the assessment. For the analysis of urban dynamics, the built-up area is an important measure that can be considered at different scales, one common scale being the aggregated level of urban blocks that represent a group of developed parcels bounded by topographic borders such as street lines. Regardless of the scale of quantitative analysis, however, digital spatio-temporal data are essential. While comprehensive databases exist for contemporary data, they usually lack a historic dimension.
To derive these historic data about the built-up area, potential surveying methods and sources may vary. Considering the long-term characteristic of urban land change, however, topographic maps often are the only source for small-scale, spatially explicit land cover information to build a comprehensive, spatio-temporal database of built-up area, which has been demonstrated by numerous studies. However, the manual constitution of historic geographic data based on historic maps – commonly referred to as map digitization or vectorization – is a time consuming and laborious process that limits the spatial and temporal scope and, therefore, opposes comprehensive studies. Therefore, this thesis proposes an approach to automatically extract information about the built-up area at urban block level from historic topographic maps.
For a number of reasons, this is a challenging task. First, topographic maps show a high degree of informational density and complexity due to their layer concept. These layers of geographic objects generally overlap leading to the (multi-)fragmentation or fusion of distinct geographic map objects. While this may not pose a challenge to a human interpreter, it does for the formalization of the computational object recognition. Second, material aging of the document as well as a poor scanning or image compression process may result in a reduced graphical quality. Third, object representations including the use of color, if present at all, show an immense diversity over space and time. To overcome these challenges in regard to cartographical image analysis, a modular process has been designed pursuing a two-step strategy: a decomposition of salient map layers is succeeded by a re-composition of the structuring map objects to delineate the built-up area at urban block level.
Several experiments prove this process to achieve acceptable results with correctness values ranging from 0.97 to 0.93 for three German study maps. Behind the background of a global trend to digitize knowledge that can also be observed with historic topographic maps, the designed process represents a promising approach to efficiently prepare these historic data for integration into a spatio-temporal database of built-up area with minimal user intervention.:Declaration of Authorship
Acknowledgements
Summary
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.2 Challenges
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Structure
2 Principles of Image Analysis
2.1 Human Visual Perception
2.2 Methods of Image Analyis
2.2.1 Image Segmentation
2.2.1.1 Color Image Segmentation
2.2.1.2 Texture-based Segmentation
2.2.1.3 Morphology-based Segmentation
2.2.1.4 Further Segmentation Approaches
2.2.2 Object/Pattern Recognition
2.2.2.1 Strategies in Pattern Recognition
2.2.2.2 Approaches in Pattern Recognition
2.2.3 Object Reconstruction
2.2.3.1 Reconstruction of Contours
2.2.3.2 Raster-vector Conversion
2.3 Summary
3 Cartographic Image Analysis
3.1 Geoinformation from Cartographic Raster Maps
3.1.1 Raster Maps
3.1.2 Research History
3.1.3 Research – State of the Art
3.1.3.1 Separation of Raster Layers based on Color
3.1.3.2 Extraction and Recognition of Map Objects
3.1.3.3 Automated Georeferencing
3.1.4 Delineation of Built-up Area from Cartographic Raster Maps
3.2 Further Sources for the Delineation of Built-up Area
3.3 Summary and Interim Conclusions
4 Concept and Methodology
4.1 Concept - Preliminary Considerations
4.1.1 Defining the Subject of Delineatoin – the Urban Block
4.1.2 Data Characteristics
4.1.3 Cartographical Representation and Higher-Level Demarcation of Built-up Area
4.2 Methodological Design
4.2.1 Requirements to the Process and the Input Data
4.2.2 General Methodical Approach
4.2.3 Derivation of the General Delineation Process
4.2.4 Module Map Objects
4.2.4.1 Building Symbols
4.2.4.2 Residential Area Hatching
4.2.4.3 Railroads and Tramlines
4.2.5 Module Street Block Delineation
4.2.5.1 Street Network
4.2.5.2 Reconstruction of Street Block Objects
4.2.5.3 Evaluation of Street Block Objects
4.2.6 Delineation of Built-up Area
4.2.6.1 Module Building Grouping
4.2.6.2 Module Built-up Area
4.3 Implementation
5 Evaluation and Discussions
5.1 Evaluation Frameset
5.1.1 Study Maps
5.1.2 Reference Data
5.1.3 Methodology
5.2 Experiments and Results
5.2.1 Experiments
5.2.1.1 E.0 – Delineate Built-up Area Using the General Process
5.2.1.2 E.1 – Delineate Built-up Area Using a Deviation of the General Process
5.2.1.3 E.2 – Delineate Built-up Area Using Maps with Varying Spatial Resolution
5.2.2 Results
5.2.2.1 R.0 – Delineation Results of the General Process
5.2.2.2 R.1 – Delineation Results of the Deviated Process Variants
5.2.2.3 R.2 – Delineation Results of the Deviated Map Resolution Variants
5.3 Discussions
5.3.1 Strengths and Limitations
5.3.2 Comparision of Delineation Results to other Studies
5.3.3 Applications and Transferability to other Maps
6 Conclusion and Outlook
6.1 Revising the Research Questions
6.2 Scientific Contribution
6.3 Future Research Perspectives
References
Appendix
A.1 List of Process Parameters and their Application
A.2 Exemplary Delineation Results
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HUANG, QIAO-HAN, und 黃巧涵. „A study of Actor-network Theory to Urban Renewal Policy‧A Case Study of Delineating Urban Renewal Area and Drawing Up Urban Renewal Planning“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jg59a3.
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碩士國立臺北大學
不動產與城鄉環境學系
107
It has been going through nearly 20 years, since the urban renewal area of Taipei City has been demarcated in 2000. And some of the areas have been rebuilt through urban renewal. However, more than half of the areas have not been rebuilt. The living environment and the areas surrounding major construction have not been able to develop in a balanced with the urban development. In view of the fact that urban renewal has not really played the role of improving urban function in the past, and the relevant incentive measures have lost the incentives and motivation for urban renewal, the Taipei City Government has re-examined the urban renewal area and related building volume incentives to promote the urban renewal for urban development. In addition to relying on the government's public power, the policy content of the urban renewal policy should be taking into account resident opinions and regional culture in the recent years. The concept of public-private partnership has arisen and use civil power to implement relevant policies to achieve policy objectives. Therefore, this study uses the actor network theory to analyze the Taipei City Government's 2018 Announcement of “Delineating Urban Renewal Areas and Drawing Up Urban Renewal Planning”. Through analyzing the actor network model and operation during the policy formulation process to understanding the direction of civil participation in the urban renewal policy and the future development model of public-private partnership. The study found t that the study case’s actor network contains the main actors who actively link the various actors in the network into the network and continue to form alliances. In addition, the hacker actors integrate network information to members of their respective networks outside the network, thereby connecting members to participate in the network. And there are also experts and scholars to counter the main actors' guidance and correct policy content. This policy actor network model is generally recognized by the actors in the network, and can also be used as a reference for subsequent related urban renewal policies, and it is recommended to continue to increase the number of heterogeneous actors to join the network and increase the diversity of actor operations.
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Li, Chia-Chen, und 李佳蓁. „Study on the Spatial Characteristic of Fire and Delineation of Fire Risk Zones in Urban Area－A Case Study of Tainan City“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46507037684615267310.
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碩士立德大學
城鄉與資產計劃學系
97
In recent years, the urban fire prevention concept has gradually attracted more and more attention. However, in the relevant studies of disasters, issues seldom involve disaster prevention and reduction, but mostly focus on the demand of disaster rescue. As such, if one can gain a deeper understanding of urban fire occurrence spatial characteristics and impact factors, it can be used as a reference for the relevant planning of disaster prevention and disaster reduction. This study used Tainan City, Taiwan as the study object. It adopted the information of 119 caller ID and dispatch information system and combined it with the geological information system to establish fire history case occurrence location information through the spatial coordinate transformation of Spatial Geo-coding Mapping Process spatial pattern analysis of fire occurrence locations through Point Pattern Analysis to understand the distribution condition, gathering level and its characteristics of the fire occurrence locations in Tainan City and to further explore the connections of fire disasters through using the Geographically Weighted Regression analysis method and Hierarchical Linear Model on different land use behaviors, real spatial structure and social economic statistic indicators. And try to combine the risk analysis to draw a risk map for disaster. In recent years, the frequency of fires has expanded trend in urban areas, Through the spatial analysis can found that the fire has gathered phenomenon in Tainan City By Geographically Weighted Regression and Hierarchical Linear Model test, the result can demonstrates the relationship between both the degree of fire damage and the probability of fire, and both land use and spatial structure. The result could explicitly explain the risk of urban disasters and it also could be the related reference for urban disaster prevention strategy.
Bücher zum Thema "Urban areas delineation"
1
The delineation of census urban areas by computer-assisted mapping and remote sensing. 1987.
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2
McDougal, Topher L. The Political Economy of Rural-Urban Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.001.0001.
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In some cases of insurgency, the combat frontier is contested and erratic, as rebels target cities as their economic prey. In other cases, it is tidy and stable, seemingly representing an equilibrium in which cities are effectively protected from violent non-state actors. What factors account for these differences in the interface urban-based states and rural-based challengers? To explore this question, this book examines two regions representing two dramatically different outcomes. In West Africa (Liberia and Sierra Leone), capital cities became economic targets for rebels, who posed dire threats to the survival of the state. In Maoist India, despite an insurgent ideology aiming to overthrow the state via a strategy of progressive city capture, the combat frontier effectively firewalls cities from Maoist violence. This book argues that trade networks underpinning the economic relationship between rural and urban areas—termed “interstitial economies”—may differ dramatically in their impact on (and response to) the combat frontier. It explains rebel predatory tendencies toward cities as a function of transport networks allowing monopoly profits to be made by urban-based traders. It explains combat frontier delineation as a function of the social structure of the trade networks: hierarchical networks permit elite–elite bargains that cohere the frontier. These factors represent what might be termed respectively the “hardware” and “software” of the rural–urban economic relationship. Of interest to any student of political economy and violence, this book presents new arguments and insights about the relationships between violence and the economy, predation and production, core and periphery.
Buchteile zum Thema "Urban areas delineation"
1
Khalili, Ali, Peter van den Besselaar und Klaas Andries de Graaf. „Using Linked Open Geo Boundaries for Adaptive Delineation of Functional Urban Areas“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 327–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98192-5_51.
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Lehner, Arthur, Vahid Naeimi und Klaus Steinnocher. „Sentinel-1 for Object-Based Delineation of Built-Up Land Within Urban Areas“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 19–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06010-7_2.
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Jia, Mengyuan, und Haoran Zhang. „Spatial Impact of Surface-Water Bodies on Urban Expansion Using an Autologistic Regression Model“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 376–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8401-1_27.
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AbstractIn order to explore the differential impacts of various types of surface water bodies on urban expansion, Taking the data in 2000, 2010, and 2020 of Tianjin as research subjects, this paper establishes the Autologistic regression models to investigate the influence of factors such as proximity to different types of surface water bodies, presence within flood storage and detention areas, and their association with aquatic ecological corridors on urban expansion. The results show that 1) flood storage and detention areas are significant constraining factors for urban expansion and the primary rivers are a more pronounced driving effect compared to other surface water bodies; 2) over the period from 2000 to 2020, the driving effect of surface water bodies on urban expansion exhibits a declining trend; 3) The delineation of urban construction land boundaries and the establishment of ecological protection zones are identified as the principal external factors shaping urban expansion. The results further explained the relationship between cities and water, and can provide a theoretical basis for the harmonious coexistence of cities and water environment.
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Wen, Tzai-Hung, Wei-Chien-Benny Chin und Pei-Chun Lai. „Link Structure Analysis of Urban Street Networks for Delineating Traffic Impact Areas“. In Nonlinear Systems and Complexity, 203–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46164-9_10.
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Ruiz-Pérez, Maurici, Joana Maria Seguí-Pons und Pere-Antoni Matías-Florit. „Deciphering Urban Traffic Patterns in Palma (Balearic Islands, Spain)“. In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde240031.
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The effective monitoring of urban traffic can be successfully achieved through the use of fixed sensors based on inductive loop detectors. These devices provide valuable information about the intensity of vehicles traversing a specific street in a particular direction. This kind of data affords a comprehensive understanding of the city’s mobility and traffic conditions. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns of vehicular mobility in the city of Palma. Palma, the focus of this study, is a Mediterranean city located on the island of Mallorca (Spain). Palma has an approximate population of 400,000 residents. The city’s economy is heavily reliant on tourism, with around five million tourists visiting annually. Spatiotemporal traffic dynamics were analyzed at six monitoring stations for the period 2003-2022 located in high, medium, and low-income residential areas. The results show a significant decrease in the total number of vehicles in all neighbourhoods. Daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly mobility patterns were examined, generally showing a substantial drop in the number of vehicles. Apparent causes behind this include the development of restrictive private vehicle mobility policies, the increase in bike lanes, the reduction in the number of lanes on main roads, and the delineation of no-traffic zones. These results allow for optimism for the future of vehicle traffic in Palma, in favour of a more sustainable city. Despite the decrease experienced in vehicle counts throughout the period analyzed for the selected sensors located in residential areas, the obtained results should be interpreted very cautiously, as this situation cannot be generalized to the rest of Palma’s areas. There is evidence that traffic on certain city roads as Vía de Cintura has significantly increased.
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Vasiutynska, Kateryna, und Sergey Barbashev. „Methodology for Indicator-Based Assessments of Environmental Hazards in Urbanised Areas: A Case Study of Ukrainian Regions“. In Urban Agglomeration - Extracting Lessons for Sustainable Development [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004771.
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This study analyses the city and its surroundings as an integrated natural-anthropogenic system, emphasising ecological urbanisation within the global urbanisation framework. This component is represented as a cycle of interlinked adverse processes, delineating the resilience limits of natural systems under urban anthropogenic impacts. Utilising indicator-based methods, we assessed multifactorial urban impacts on the environment, proposing a practical approach to calculate the ecological urbanisation indicator. Using the indicator, we have investigated the regional aspect of the atmospheric environment’s condition and identified the impact of urban sources of pollution. Additionally, we identified the main patterns of natural and human-induced hazards correlating with different levels of ecological urbanisation in different territories on the example of Ukrainian regions. Our approach addresses the uneven urban load across areas, which is essential for creating regional sustainable development strategies. It integrates environmental factors into regional safety management, requiring principles that regulate environmental impacts and promote safe land use.
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Raja, Azmat, und Gopikrishnan T. „Analytical Hierarchy Process — Based Spatial Data Analysis for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping“. In Geoinformatics in Support of Urban Politics and the Development of Civil Engineering, 181–207. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6449-6.ch008.
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This chapter aims to develop landslide susceptibility maps for the Sikkim state in India by combining the analytical hierarchy process, geographic information systems, and remote sensing. The delineation of the landslide susceptibility maps has taken into consideration a variety of data such as density of lineament, slope, lithology, aspect, land cover and land use, road buffer, rainfall, and drainage density. Using both Landsat 8 and ground data in a GIS framework, spatial distribution of maps and map layers of required themes were produced. The appropriate weights based on the Saaty's scale were given to these thematic layers in accordance with their respective significance in the occurrence of landslides in the study area. According to the study area's demarcated landslide susceptibility map, the risk levels were very low (12.52%), low (21.12%), moderate (8.05%), high (31.13%), and very high (27.18%). The accuracy of the study region is computed using the AUC curve using the AHP model landslide map and inventory map, which shows good result with 70% accuracy.
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Gakhar, Shalini, und K. C. Tiwari. „Extraction of Urban Targets Using Fusion of Spectral and Shape Features in AVIRIS-NG Hyperspectral Data“. In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 167–88. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1396-1.ch009.
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Hyperspectral imagery holds the essence of spectral and spatial attributes, making it a rich source of information for applications like target detection in the field of agriculture, urban areas, etc. The chapter provides an insight of extraction of shape-based features fused with the spectral characteristics for detection of urban targets particularly roads and roofs. Roads are considered as linear structures whereas roofs occur in clusters. Therefore, to detect them, spectral information is not sufficient. The work proposes integration of both spectral and shape aspects of a target, which has given better results using SVM. The experimentation involves results in the form of spectral analysis, shape analysis, fusion of spectral and shape-based features along with the detection rate and supporting results. Delineating the roads and roofs of urban topography is an essential fragment for city planning, urban sprawl estimation, population studies, sustainable development, etc. The work done here may help numerous governmental and non-governmental organizations for conducting related studies.
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Zou, Hongyan. „Cinematic Western China: The Under-represented Cinematic Cities“. In Western China on Screen, 3–34. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474477857.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the affinity between cinema and cities, and shows that cinematic cities located in western China have reflected, responded to and reimagined China’s multi-layered realities in the grand progress of urbanisation and modernisation since the 1980s. It presents a comparison between China’s Westerns and Hollywood Westerns in terms of theme, genre, geographical setting and cultural significance, demonstrating that China’s Westerns configured a rural and ethnographical image of the area from the 1980s to the 1990s, which therefore become stereotypes of the region, casting a stark contrast to the dynamic modern images of cinematic Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Delineating China’s eastern coastal-region dominated “urban cinema” that resonates with the uneven urbanisation and modernisation in mainland China in the reform era, this chapter helps situate the discussion on Chinese western urban film within a larger historical and social context. Drawing on space theories of scholars such as Henri Lefebvre, Edward Soja and Michel de Certeau, it shows how national projects and economic policies carried out in western China at different periods shape and reshape the “real and imagined” spaces of four capital cities in the area.
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Bayham, Jude, und Marissa Lee. „The economic benefits of planning before the fire“. In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1780–84. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_275.
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Wildfire suppression expenditures in the United States regularly exceed a billion dollars and are expected to continue rising due to climate change, high fuel loads, and a growing wildland urban interface. Risk management research suggests that pre-fire planning reduces uncertainty and may lead to better wildfire management outcomes including lower suppression costs, less damage to values at risk and improve safety outcomes. One form of pre-fire planning in US National Forests is known as potential operating delineations (PODs) whereby stakeholders collaboratively identify area on the landscape where wildfire can be safely and effectively engaged. Moreover, the area defined by the PODs are classified based on the level of urgency to suppress fire. The objective of this paper is to test whether fires that have occurred within areas that have undergone the POD process are systematically different from fires that have not undergone PODs. We evaluate the following wildfire outcomes: final fire cost, final fire size, cost per acre, and duration. We employ statistical matching methods to find comparable non-POD fires that serve as “control†units for our POD “treated†fires. Our results suggest that POD fires cost $373 per acre less than non-POD fires, and that the POD fires cost per acre is comparable to prescribed burning cost per acre in the Southwestern US. These results imply that pre-fire planning like the POD process may reduce suppression costs to a level comparable with prescribed burning facilitating the long-standing recommendation from fire ecologists to “restore fire to the landscape.â€
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Urban areas delineation"
1
Zheng, Shen, und Yuan Zheng. „Study on the demand forecasting for urban underground space and the delineation of priority construction zones: taking the main urban area of D city as an example“. In 4th International Conference on Internet of Things and Smart City, herausgegeben von Xinwei Yao und Francisco Falcone, 5. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3034818.
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Houssou, Noudéhouénou L. J., Jean-loup Guillaume und Armelle Prigent. „A graph based approach for functional urban areas delineation“. In SAC '19: The 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3297280.3297341.
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Zhang, Ying, Bert Guindon, Don Raymond und Gang Hong. „Effective delineation of urban flooded areas based on aerial ortho-photo imagery“. In SPIE Remote Sensing, herausgegeben von Thilo Erbertseder, Thomas Esch und Nektarios Chrysoulakis. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2241128.
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Roychowdhury, Koel, Hannes Taubenbock und Simon Jones. „Delineating urban, suburban and rural areas using Landsat and DMSP-OLS night-time images“. In 2011 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jurse.2011.5764712.
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5
Zhao, Yi, Zimu Zhou, Xu Wang, Tongtong Liu, Yunhao Liu und Zheng Yang. „CellTradeMap: Delineating Trade Areas for Urban Commercial Districts with Cellular Networks“. In IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737564.
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Hayashi, Koichi, Tomio Inazaki und Haruhiko Suzuki. „Buried Channel Delineation Using a Passive Surface‐Wave Method in Urban Area“. In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2005. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2923419.
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Hayashi, Koichi, Tomio Inazaki und Haruhiko Suzuki. „Buried Channel Delineation Using A Passive Surface-Wave Method In Urban Area“. In 18th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.183.1043-1050.
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Nordiana, M. M., Rosli Saad, A. H. A. Teh Saufia, I. N. Azwin, Nisa' Ali und Noer El Hidayah. „2D resistivity method in delineating subsurface problems in urban area“. In 2012 NATIONAL PHYSICS CONFERENCE: (PERFIK 2012). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803587.
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Weimin Chen, Jia Liao, Xiuyun Wu und Kun Wang. „Research and application of 3D GIS technology on the delineation and management of urban drinking water source protection area“. In 2012 International Symposium on Geomatics for Integrated Water Resources Management (GIWRM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/giwrm.2012.6349559.
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Huang, Zhisheng, Nan Wu, Chenlei Liu und Shaosen Wang. „Research on the Rapid Method for Delineating the Boundaries of Urban Historic Areas Based on Graph Theory and Graph Neural Networks“. In CAD'24. U-turn Press LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadconfp.2024.339-344.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Urban areas delineation"
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Jalles, João Tovar, Donghyun Park und Irfan Qureshi. ADB Economics Working Paper Series 736: Metropolitan Area Delineation and Resilience Under a Public Health Crisis: Evidence from the Philippines. Asian Development Bank, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps240371-2.
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This paper delineates and examines the dynamics of metropolitan areas in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identifies several large metropolitan areas not officially recognized, and different spatial extents for the three officially designated metropolitan areas prior to the pandemic. The largest metropolitan areas grew faster than urban areas and the country as a whole. Metropolitan areas contracted or fragmented under strict mobility restrictions but rebounded swiftly as restrictions eased. Proximity, administrative boundaries, accessibility, and labor market complementarity play important roles in metropolitan areas formation.
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de Bellefon, Marie-Pierre, Pierre-Philippe Combes, Gilles Duranton, Laurent Gobillon und Clément Gorin. Delineating Urban Areas Using Building Density. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26482.
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3
Analysis of MASTER Thermal Data in the Greeley Area of the Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado--Delineation of Sites for Infrastructure Resource Characterization. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2196.
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