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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Unstructured interviews":
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Blouin, Danielle, Andrew G. Day und Andrey Pavlov. „Comparative Reliability of Structured Versus Unstructured Interviews in the Admission Process of a Residency Program“. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 3, Nr. 4 (01.12.2011): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00248.1.
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Abstract Background Although never directly compared, structured interviews are reported as being more reliable than unstructured interviews. This study compared the reliability of both types of interview when applied to a common pool of applicants for positions in an emergency medicine residency program. Methods In 2008, one structured interview was added to the two unstructured interviews traditionally used in our resident selection process. A formal job analysis using the critical incident technique guided the development of the structured interview tool. This tool consisted of 7 scenarios assessing 4 of the domains deemed essential for success as a resident in this program. The traditional interview tool assessed 5 general criteria. In addition to these criteria, the unstructured panel members were asked to rate each candidate on the same 4 essential domains rated by the structured panel members. All 3 panels interviewed all candidates. Main outcomes were the overall, interitem, and interrater reliabilities, the correlations between interview panels, and the dimensionality of each interview tool. Results Thirty candidates were interviewed. The overall reliability reached 0.43 for the structured interview, and 0.81 and 0.71 for the unstructured interviews. Analyses of the variance components showed a high interrater, low interitem reliability for the structured interview, and a high interrater, high interitem reliability for the unstructured interviews. The summary measures from the 2 unstructured interviews were significantly correlated, but neither was correlated with the structured interview. Only the structured interview was multidimensional. Conclusions A structured interview did not yield a higher overall reliability than both unstructured interviews. The lower reliability is explained by a lower interitem reliability, which in turn is due to the multidimensionality of the interview tool. Both unstructured panels consistently rated a single dimension, even when prompted to assess the 4 specific domains established as essential to succeed in this residency program.
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Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence. „New Perspectives From Unstructured Interviews“. SAGE Open 6, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2016): 215824401667947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016679474.
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In the early 1980s, Ray Pahl, a sociologist at the University of Kent, and PhD student Claire Wallace conducted interviews examining young people’s experiences of growing up, work, and unemployment on the Isle of Sheppey; these interviews are now deposited at the University of Essex, and this article examines how historians and others might reuse them to interrogate other subjects. The article examines one working-class young woman’s ideas about gender and sexuality in the early 1980s, using the Listening Guide method developed by psychologist Carol Gilligan to probe the individual subjectivity and emotion, as well as the cultural discourses at play in this interview. The interviewee was a young woman who was involved in a culture of casual sex with men “on the ships,” and the article focuses on how she saw the exchanges of money, drink, and gifts between them and herself, and how she avoided seeing her actions as “prostitution.” The analysis shows how in a particular locality in the early 1980s, a particular subculture could allow some young women to sidestep the dominant codes governing young, working-class women’s sexuality and go “on the ships” without seeing this as marking them as “prostitutes”’ or any related category. Thus, the article troubles the ontology of “prostitution” as a category. It also suggests how we can use a single individual’s narrative to offer a broader account of cultures or subcultures, by starting with the individual and examining how one subjectivity navigated and interacted with broader cultural discourses. Finally, this article also offers suggestions about some of the methodological and ethical issues with reusing archived sociological data but argues that it holds rich possibilities.
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Azarpazhooh, Amir, William H. Ryding und James L. Leake. „Structured or Unstructured Personnel Interviews?“ Healthcare Management Forum 21, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2008): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60054-3.
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Axelson, Rick, Clarence Kreiter, Kristi Ferguson, Catherine Solow und Kathi Huebner. „Medical School Preadmission Interviews: Are Structured Interviews More Reliable Than Unstructured Interviews?“ Teaching and Learning in Medicine 22, Nr. 4 (08.10.2010): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2010.511978.
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Pezalla, Anne E., Jonathan Pettigrew und Michelle Miller-Day. „Researching the researcher-as-instrument: an exercise in interviewer self-reflexivity“. Qualitative Research 12, Nr. 2 (April 2012): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794111422107.
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Because the researcher is the instrument in semistructured or unstructured qualitative interviews, unique researcher characteristics have the potential to influence the collection of empirical materials. This concept, although widely acknowledged, has garnered little systematic investigation. This article discusses the interviewer characteristics of three different interviewers who are part of a qualitative research team. The researcher/interviewers – and authors of this article – reflect on their own and each other’s interviews and explore the ways in which individual interview practices create unique conversational spaces. The results suggest that certain interviewer characteristics may be more effective than others in eliciting detailed narratives from respondents depending on the perceived sensitivity of the topic, but that variation in interviewer characteristics may benefit rather than detract from the goals of team-based qualitative inquiry. The authors call for the inclusion of enhanced self-reflexivity in interviewer training and development activities and argue against standardization of interviewer practices in qualitative research teams.
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McCann, Terence V., und Eileen Clark. „Using unstructured interviews with participants who have schizophrenia“. Nurse Researcher 13, Nr. 1 (Juli 2005): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr2005.07.13.1.7.c5996.
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Morse, Janice M. „Analyzing Unstructured, Interactive Interviews Using the MacintoshTM Computer“. Qualitative Health Research 1, Nr. 1 (Februar 1991): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104973239100100107.
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In this paper I reflect on a series of informal or ‘unstructured’ interviews with people experiencing chronic job insecurity. I show that far from being merely a source of data these interviews are dynamic social interactions wherein multiple dialogues are conducted between multiple selves. I argue that because interviews are epistemologically ambiguous, morally ambivalent and emotionally charged they cannot be seen simply as repositories of ‘objective facts’ but should also be understood as mutually constructed social events with an existential quality sui generis.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Unstructured interviews":
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Pienaar, Chelsey Ellen. „The anchoring and adjustment heuristic in unstructured interviews: an experimental study“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8535.
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Includes bibliographical references. The presence of anchoring and adjustment within structured interviews has been widely observed in research over the years. However, the unstructured interview is a more extensively used selection tool than the structured interview, making it important to understand anchoring and adjustment in the unstructured interview setting. The present study investigated the presence of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic in unstructured interviews using a between-subjects, post-test only experimental design. The sample consisted of 78 managers and human resource personnel from various organisations. Subjects were required to watch a short video of an unstructured interview, and then provide an overall rating of the candidate's communication skills. Subjects were divided into high, low, and control conditions. A high, low, or no anchor was provided in the question asking subjects to rate the video candidate. Results indicated that anchoring and adjustment does not occur in simulated unstructured interviews. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.
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Šuhajová, Irena. „Analýza vnímání genderových rolí“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197658.
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Masters thesis "Analysis of perception of gender roles" describes opinions of current society on status of men and women. The objective of the diploma thesis is to gain information about how people perceive gender roles and gender stereotypes. It is very important to discover whether today society still follow gender stereotypes. The theoretical part focuses on description of gender history from period of industry revolution to the present. Furthermore, it defines and deeply describes gender roles and stereotypes and indicates results of several researches that focused on gender issue. The empirical part analyses results of questionnaire survey which was discovering perception of gender roles on a conscious level of human. Second part of the empirical analysis, unstructured interviews and projective techniques, such as test of unfinished sentences and implicit association test, which examined perspectives on this issue in relation to subconsciousness. The conclusion evaluates and compares results of each method used in this paper and deduces verdicts specifically attitudes of current society.
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Miller, Joseph B. „A comparison of the Performance Diagnostic Checklist and an unstructured interview assessment in guiding intervention selection in an organizational setting“. Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2652.
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This study analyzed the efficacy of the Performance Diagnostic Checklist (PDC) as a tool used for developing interventions for performance improvement by comparing the intervention choice rankings of a group that used it to one that did not. This comparison was made by providing professional organizational consultants or university professors and undergraduate students enrolled in related courses with a written scenario concerning an organization in need of performance improvement. These consultants and students were randomly assigned into two groups: (a) one in which the scenario was accompanied by the PDC and (b) one in which the PDC was absent. The results indicated that there was indeed some difference in intervention selection between those who received the PDC and those who did not. However, only the professionals benefited from using the PDC.
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Bazsefidpay, Nahal. „Utvärdering av Posten Scannings kundärendehanteringssystem CIS“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177498.
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Detta examensarbete har utförts på uppdrag av Posten Scanning AB, ett helägt dotterbolag till Postnord-koncernen, tillsammans med sina systerbolag, Data Scanning A/S i Danmark och Data Scanning Finland AB. Företaget arbetar med scanning, datafångst och dokumenthanteringstjänster. Posten Scanning använde sedan 2013 av ett kundärendehanteringssystem, Customer Information System (CIS), för all hantering av ärenden som berör kunder och/eller intern utveckling. Efter ca 1,5 år som företaget har använt sig av CIS 1.0 önskas nu ett underlag för planering av version 2.0 av CIS. För att kunna planera för CIS 2.0 behövde uppdragsgivaren att undersöka, sammanställa och prioritera de nya krav som olika intressenter ställer på systemet. Utvärderingen har fokuserat på de interna och externa kundernas krav och kända förändringsbehov. Målet var att utifrån utvärderingsresultatet ta fram ett beslutsunderlag i form av en sammanställd, prioriterad och tidsestimerad kravspecifikation som även kan utgöra ett underlag för ett utvecklingsprojekt. Den relativa betydelsen av behoven avgjordes med hjälp av metoden om översättning av kundernas behov till verkställande kravspecifikationer som grundade specifikationen för förändringsarbetet. Resultatet av arbetet visade att kundärendehanteringssystemets kravlistor kunde prioriteras baserad på vad CIS användes mest till och samt efter hur ofta förändringar upprepades av olika användargrupper. This thesis has been carried out on behalf of Posten Scanning AB, a wholly owned subsidiary of PostNord Group, together with its sister companies, Data Scanning A/S in Denmark and Data Scanning Finland AB. The company works with scanning, data capture and document management services. Posten Scanning has been since 2013 using a client case management system, Customer Information System (CIS) for handling all matters pertaining to customers and/or internal development from 2013. After about 1.5 years that the company has used the CIS 1.0, they wish to develop a gathered basis for planning the version 2.0 of the CIS. In order to plan for the CIS 2.0, they wanted to investigate, compile and prioritize the new requirements imposed by various stakeholders in the system. The evaluation has focused on internal and external customer requirements regarding usage of CIS and known need for changes in the system. The goal has been based on evaluation findings to develop a decision support in the form of a compiled, prioritized and time estimated requirements specification that can also serve as a basis for a development project. The relative importance of the needs was determined using the method of translation of customer needs for managing requirements document based specification for change. The results of this project showed that customer case management system requirements lists could be prioritized based on what CIS were mostly used to and how often changes were repeated by various user groups.
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McIntosh, Michele J. „Participants' perspectives of risk inherent in unstructured qualitative interviews“. Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/820.
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The purpose of my dissertation research was to ascertain participants' perspectives regarding perceived risk in unstructured qualitative interviews. The impetus for my research was the current crisis in research ethics governance; namely, its lack of evidence with respect to research participants' perspectives and experiences and to the appropriateness of the current normative context of research ethic oversight to qualitative research. My hope was the actual experiences of participants would inform the moral conduct of interviews and their ethical review. Research Ethics Boards and some researchers regard emotional distress as a predominant risk to participants in interview research. My first paper, "Research Ethics Boards and the Ethics of Emotion", is a conceptual analysis of this phenomenon. Contemporarily, emotion has been conceptualized in terms of valence and polarity; that is, either negative or positive and one opposite to another. Thus, emotional distress is regarded as negative and harmful and the opposite of benefit. However, this conceptualization is too simplistic to capture the complexity of emotion. My paper contributes to the literature an explication of emotion as well as an elucidation of the factors of ethics oversight that perplex the proportionate review of emotional distress and confound the presumptions of emotional distress as harm. In my second paper,"The Diversification, Utilization and Construction of the Semi-structured Interview", I elucidate various types of semi-structured interviews that I discerned within the literature. The descriptive/corrective type of semi-structured interview is selected for my study because of its unique capacity to describe, compare and correct dominant conceptualizations of risk that reflect non-participants' perspectives with the actual experiences of participants themselves. In my final paper, "Participants' Perspectives of Risk Inherent in Unstructured Qualitative Interviews", I describe participants' paradoxical responses to interview participation. They experience distress but report benefit, not harm. Participants believe unstructured interviews provide a unique and profound opportunity to tell their stories. Most find interview experiences to be revelatory and transformative. Despite REB presumptions of risk to participants in unstructured interviews, participants report no experience of harm. I discuss the implications for ethical conduct and oversight of interview research.
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McIntosh, Michele Janet. „Participants' perspectives of risk inherent in unstructured qualitative interviews“. 2009. http://repository.library.ualberta.ca/dspace/handle/10048/820.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2009. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Nursing. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on November 15, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
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Parry, Bianca Rochelle. „Eating burnt toast : the lived experiences of female breadwinners in South Africa“. Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18433.
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In modern South African society, many women have overcome traditional notions of gender by becoming breadwinners in their homes and providing primary financial support for their families. Employing a Phenomenological Feminist viewpoint, this dissertation contextualises the meaning that South African female breadwinners (FBW) ascribe to their experiences within their lived environment, utilising data collected from in-depth, unstructured interviews with FBW from the Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces. While taking into consideration their intersectional experiences of gender, race, as well as cultural and traditional societal pressures, this study represents these womens’ voices in order to understand how they make meaning of and negotiate their spaces and roles as breadwinners. In the course of interviews and analysis, the realities faced by FBW revealed experiences, individual and communal, shared and unique, which expose archaic divisions of gender within our society, which have been hiding behind constructions of reform advocating equality among the sexes. Psychology M.A. (Psychology)
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Marais, Cindy. „Empowerment of social workers who work with siblings of autistic children“. Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3648.
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The main aim of this study was to explore the difficulties and limitations preventing social workers from empowering siblings of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children. Specific attention was given to social workers in the London Borough of Greenwich, United Kingdom and siblings who were in their middle childhood phase of development.
Qualitative, applied research of an explorative and descriptive nature was followed. For the purpose of this study, the researcher conducted unstructured in-depth interviews with social workers and the siblings. Six social workers and four siblings were interviewed for this research study. Themes and categories were developed out of data from the unstructured interviews to which the researcher compared and verified it with already existing literature.
Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made from this research study. Social Work M.Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Chang, Wen-Chieh, und 張文杰. „HR Experience as a Moderator of the Relationship between Interviewer’s Personality and Unstructured Selection Interview Pattern“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7sjzxh.
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碩士 國立中央大學 人力資源管理研究所碩士在職專班 94 Comparing with ability tests, professional tests, integrity test, personality test, work samples or assessment center, interview has long been recognized as the most frequently used selection device. But most of the researches related to selection interview generally have produced negative conclusions regarding its reliability, validity, and usefulness in selection. Further, these studies determined that the low reliability and validity were due to a combination of inappropriate questions used and extraneous factors that affected an interviewer’s evaluation of an applicant.
The present study aims specifically at the relationship between interviewer’s personality and unstructured selection interview patterns. Namely the interviewer’s personality influences the pattern of unstructured selection interview, including the contents and approaches of the interview. And the research demonstrates that the interviewer with stronger internal locus of control personality cares more about what the applicant has done or achieved. And the interviewer with stronger internal locus of control personality tends to build up and keep the friendly relationship with the applicant.
Meanwhile, interviewer’s human resource management experience reduce the relationship between interviewer’s personality and unstructured selection interview patterns in the dimensions of applicant’s work experiences, standardization & climates.
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Person, Kerrin. „The meaning of work for South African women graduates: a phenomenological study“. Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1234.
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Despite the feminisation of the workplace as one of the key developments of this domain, the meaning of work for women is little understood. A phenomenological approach was adopted in this study to gain in-depth understanding of the meaning ascribed to work by a sample of ten South African, women graduates. Literature was used to generate three models - a male-centred, stereotyped and contemporary conceptualisation. Unstructured interviews were conducted and the protocols analysed using the modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method (Creswell, 1998; Stones, 1985; 1986). Themes illustrated that the meaning of work for women is multifaceted and comprises a number of components including sense of identity and self-worth, meeting instrumental needs, social relatedness, serving others, intrinsic satisfaction and the exercise of power and authority. Findings suggested that the meaning women ascribe to work changes when they experience autonomy. Recommendations were made for future research and organisational practices. Indust & Org Psychology MA(IND AND ORG PSYCHOLOGY)
Bücher zum Thema "Unstructured interviews":
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Galindo, Luis Reyes, und Jamie Lewis. Analysing Unstructured Interviews With Physicists: Unpicking the Role of Tacit Knowledge. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526439314.
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Buchteile zum Thema "Unstructured interviews":
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Sanchez, Cory. „Unstructured Interviews“. In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 6824–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3121.
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Tolich, Martin, und Emma Tumilty. „The limits of confidentiality in unstructured interviews and focus groups“. In Finding Your Ethical Research Self, 83–94. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429056994-6.
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Jackson, Rebecca L., und Michael J. Vitacco. „Structured and Unstructured Interviews“. In Ziskin's Coping with Psychiatric and Psychological Testimony, 302–10. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195174113.003.0015.
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Williamon, Aaron, Jane Ginsborg, Rosie Perkins und George Waddell. „Interviews“. In Performing Music Research, 129–54. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 of Performing Music Research sets out the characteristic features of research interviews, introducing four types of interview: open interviews, which often arise spontaneously or informally and which are largely unstructured or explore an overarching topic of interest; semi-structured interviews, an approach often taken in music research that relies on a predetermined yet flexible set of principal questions; structured interviews, which make use of fixed and unchangeable questions within an entirely predetermined format; and focus group interviews, which take place with groups of participants rather than individuals. The chapter addresses some of the challenges of using different types of interviews, presents ways to design and conduct interviews effectively, and considers ways to write about and report them.
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Klugman, Craig M. „Interviews“. In Research Methods in Health Humanities, herausgegeben von Craig M. Klugman und Erin Gentry Lamb, 250–67. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0016.
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Interviewing is a means of engaging an individual in dialogue to reflect upon and share his or her life experience. For health humanities, this method accesses the lived reality of patients and healthcare providers. Asking people to share their personal narratives can allow for emic—from the subject’s perspective—and etic—from the researcher’s point of view—interpretation. Health humanities interviews consist of six steps: define the research question, design the interview, apply for Institutional Review Board approval, conduct the interviews, analyze the data, and distribute the findings. This chapter examines best practices for conducting interview studies including format (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), question type (closed- or open-ended), sampling (convenience, snowball), and notetaking. The author uses a study on collecting death histories to demonstrate this process and how to apply narrative, thematic, and frequency analyses.
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„Unstructured Group Interviews: Focus Groups and Brainstorming“. In Task Analysis Methods for Instructional Design, 271–74. Routledge, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410602657-42.
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Zalinger, Jason. „The Story of Ethnochat“. In Online Research Methods in Urban and Planning Studies, 86–98. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0074-4.ch006.
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Instant Messaging (IM) programs are powerful and unique tools for conducting semi-structured or unstructured online interviews. However, many unanswered questions exist surrounding the use of IM interviewing. This design chapter takes a storytelling approach to answer two specific research questions: (1) Do rich data collected via IM stand the test of time? (2) How can an IM program be built designed specifically for researchers? The chapter is organized into three parts. Part one reviews recent, related research. Part two takes a somewhat unusual approach to answer the research question regarding the long-term power of IM data by re-visiting the author’s experience from 2007 using IM to interview female participants about their feelings using online dating sites. Part three is a detailed description of a prototype IM program, Ethnochat. There are many IM clients in existence, but nothing has been made specifically for professional researchers for semi-structured or unstructured interviews. Having the best tool available will help urban planners conduct their research more efficiently and at a significantly reduced cost.
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Petocz, Peter, Sue Gordon und Anna Reid. „Towards a Method for Research Interviews using E-Mail“. In Online Research Methods in Urban and Planning Studies, 70–85. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0074-4.ch005.
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Researching people’s ideas and experiences of Urban and Planning Studies can be carried out in a variety of ways, but the most obvious is to ask them. This can be done qualitatively, using semi-structured or unstructured interviews, at an early stage of the research process, when it is important to explore participants’ ideas prior to any quantitative investigation, or for investigations where in-depth and detailed information about individual thinking is important. Face-to-face interviews are a ‘gold standard’ against which other qualitative methods of investigation can be compared. However, contemporary developments in technology provide a wider range of opportunities for qualitative researchers to collect rich data for analysis. Such technologies enable participation from any part of the world at any time, and allow the collection of video material that can capture many aspects of verbal and non-verbal interaction for further analysis. The use of e-mail interviews provides a relatively low-tech methodology for investigations and has advantages over a live interview, on the one hand, and a high-tech video interview, on the other.
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„Unstructured Interviewing“. In The Interview, 39–48. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315418131-9.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Unstructured interviews":
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Massoudi, Aram, und MOHAMED AHMED. „Evaluation of sustainable amenities management at restaurants sector in kurdistan region of iraq“. In 3rd International Conference on Administrative & Financial Sciences. Cihan University - Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/afs2020/paper.201.
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Purpose – The topic of sustainability is becoming an essential and concerning issue for organizations in today's business environment. Especially in the food and restaurant industry. Sustainability emphases on satisfying the needs of the current period without conceding the capability of future consumers to meet their desires. Yet, an inclusive adoption of Sustainability is lagging in the restaurant and eatery industry in emerging market such as Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Therefore, this research focuses on the current practices of sustainable amenities in restaurants and lodging businesses in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Design – The researchers conducted unstructured interview for the data collection from (10) restaurateurs managing and working in 5 luxurious restaurants and 5 fast-food ones Methodology – The restaurants selected were categorized as luxurious restaurants and fast food restaurants, the topics of the interviews were related to energy, waste and water. The data were analyzed by using frequency Approach – the main approach in data gathering was qualitative. The interview queries were taken from related articles and divided into 3 sections: awareness plan, strategic planning, and restaurants' criteria of SAM. A content analysis method was used to identify the trend from previously published literature. Findings – The result showed that luxurious restaurants do apply sustainability in their operations, while fast-food restaurants lag behind. Originality of the research –Finally, recommendations of this study can be of help to all restaurants in Kurdistan area by introducing a proper practice of sustainability to improve and develop their businesses to meet customers' needs and gain competitive advantages ahead of their competitors.
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Eng, Nathan, Marco Aurisicchio, Rob Bracewell und Gareth Armstrong. „More Space to Think: Eight Years of Visual Support for Rationale Capture, Creativity and Knowledge Management in Aerospace Engineering“. In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47911.
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Concept mapping software is emerging as a powerful tool for supporting complex thinking. The Decision Rationale editor (DRed) provides an illustrative example from industry. Eight years after its development, 700+ engineers in Rolls-Royce have received direct training, others have adopted it independently and it is increasingly used for knowledge management, creativity and communication. This study seeks lessons from these experiences to inform broader map-based tools and methods development. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 11 professionals ranging from junior engineers to chief designers. A qualitative analysis of transcripts and sample maps examined the value of new features and methods in practical contexts. Results suggest mapping is often the “path of least resistance” to organise unstructured ideas and conflicting perspectives. The flexible nature of maps, however, presents challenges for standardising methods. Feature development will require a continued balance of simplicity, learnability and functionality supported by integrated help documentation.
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K. Nagy, Emese. „Adapting to the situation caused by the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic in schools with children mostly from disadvantageous background“. In Agria Média 2020 : „Az oktatás digitális átállása korunk pedagógiai forradalma”. Eszterházy Károly Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17048/am.2020.148.
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The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world, people’s everyday life, and has also had an impact on schools. The aim of our paper is to show how primary schools have coped with the transition to digital learning where the proportion of disadvantaged and cumulatively disadvantaged students is between 50% and 80%. The schools included in the study are the institutions of the education district of South Borsod, one in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. We anticipate that due to the low number of items in the sample (a total of 6 schools), the survey can be considered representative of the education district and it cannot with regard to the county or the country. The research covers a two-month period from the start of the crisis, i.e. the closure of schools. The research started with an online questionnaire, which provided information on what tools and competencies students and teachers have for the transition to digital learning, and then in a structured interview, we wanted to find out whether it caused difficulties and what they thought the advantages and disadvantages of the coercive solution were. From the answers given by the heads of the institutions in the interviews, we learnt about the level at which they were able to tackle the shift to digital learning in the institutions, how they were able to organize distance learning, and what assistance they provided to their colleagues, students and parents during this crisis. The findings of the research are enriched by the fact that we had the opportunity to conduct unstructured, telephone interviews with students and parents about their experiences of online learning. The findings of the research show that the teachers of disadvantaged schools dealt successfully with this difficulty in these particular circumstances. Their competencies and the equipment available enabled them to implement online teaching of proper quality, but despite their preparedness, it also became clear that they also encountered other problems and factors for which it proved impossible to prepare when the coronavirus began to spread. At the same time, an important part of our finding is that all “participants” (teachers-students-parents) have made significant progress in using digital tools and platforms, which is likely to have an impact on education and hopefully it will launch innovations or reforms.
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Gustavsson, Ha˚kan, und Jan Sterner. „An Industrial Case Study of Design Methodology and Decision Making for Automotive Electronics“. In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49901.
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The growth rate of R&D activities in automotive industry brings an increased need for transfer of design knowledge. This, in combination with growing complexity of the product puts new demands on the decision process. In this paper, decision methods used within the R&D department of an international vehicle manufacturer has been investigated through interviews and surveys. The main focus has been to identify and analyze methods used by the individual roles within different development teams. The survey reveals that a majority of the respondents use unstructured methods for resolving decision issues. When respondents were asked about their preferences there was an expressed need for more structured methods. Among these, two methods are elaborated that are well established within the product development process: expert support and guidelines, but also on methods training in general. A third conclusion is to redirect the current decision process to build on more structured methods through training. This work has contributed also by identifying the company best practice. The long term goal is to have all development teams adopt one common development process at the team level.
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F Murphy, William, Sandra Sanchez Murphy, Raymond R Buettner und Grandon Gill. „Case Study of a Complex Informing System: Joint Interagency Field Experimentation (JIFX)“. In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2141.
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The Joint Interagency Field Experimentation (JIFX) event, organized by the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), is conducted 3-4 times a year at various locations. The four day event can be characterized as an informing system specifically designed to facilitate structured and unstructured communications between a variety of parties—e.g., software developers, inventors, military and civilian users of various technologies, academics, and agencies responsible for identifying and procuring technology solutions—that frequently are constrained in their informing activities in more restrictive venues. Over the course of the event, participants may observe technology demonstrations, obtain feedback from potential users, acquire new ideas about their technologies might be employed and, perhaps most significantly, engage in ad hoc collaborations with other participants. The present paper describes an exploratory case research study that was conducted over a one year period and involved both direct observation of the event and follow-up interviews with 49 past participants in the event. The goal of the research was to assess the nature of participant-impact resulting from attending JIFX, and considering the consistency of the findings with the predictions of various theoretical frameworks used in informing science. The results suggest that participants perceived that the event provided significant value from three principal sources: discovery, interaction with potential clients (users) of the technologies involved, and networking with other participants. These findings were largely consistent with what could be expected from informing under conditions of high complexity: because value generally derives from combinations of attributes rather than from the sum of individual attributes, we would expect that overall value from informing activities will be perceived even though estimates of the incremental value of that informing cannot be made. A revised version of this paper was published in the journal Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, Volume 18, 2015
