Bücher: „Universal characteristic“

1

Historia universal del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Planeta, 2007.

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2

Espina, Eduardo. Historia universal del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Planeta, 2007.

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3

Chaves, Guillermo Justo, und Francisco Senegaglia. Historia del pensamiento nacional y universal. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: INCaP, Instituto Nacional de Capacitación Política, 2007.

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4

Sleeboom-Faulkner, Margaret. Academic nationalism in China and Japan: Framed by concepts of nature, culture and the universal. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

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5

Academic nationalism in China and Japan: Framed by concepts of nature, culture and the universal. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

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6

Indonesia) Seminar Nasional Kearifan Lokal Indonesia untuk Pembangunan Karakter Universal (2015 Denpasar. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kearifan Lokal Indonesia untuk Pembangunan Karakter Universal: Indonesia local wisdom for universal character building. Denpasar: Fakultas Dharma Acarya, Institut Hindu Dharma Negeri, 2015.

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7

Identità nazionale e valori universali nella moderna storiografia filosofica. Padova: CLEUP, 2008.

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8

M'Bayo, Ritchard. Political culture, cultural universals, and the crisis of identity in Africa: Essays in ethnoglobalization. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2011.

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9

M'Bayo, Ritchard. Political culture, cultural universals, and the crisis of identity in Africa: Essays in ethnoglobalization. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.

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10

Tenorio-Trillo, Mauricio. Artilugio de la nación moderna: México en las exposiciones universales, 1880-1930. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1998.

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11

Almási, Gábor, und Lav Šubarić. Latin at the crossroads of identity: The evolution of linguistic nationalism in the Kingdom of Hungary. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

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12

Durston, Sarah, und Ton Baggerman. The Universe, Life and Everything. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462987401.

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Our current understanding of our world is nearly 350 years old. It stems from the ideas of Descartes and Newton and has brought us many great things, including modern science and increases in wealth, health and everyday living standards. Furthermore, it is so ingrained in our daily lives that we have forgotten it is a paradigm, not a fact. There are, however, some problems with it. First, there is no satisfactory explanation for why we have consciousness and experience meaning in our lives. Second, modern-day physics tells us that observations depend on characteristics of the observer at the large, cosmic, and small, subatomic scales. Third, ongoing humanitarian and environmental crises show us that our world is vastly interconnected. Our understanding of reality is expanding to incorporate these issues. In The Universe, Life and Everything . . . Dialogues on our Changing Understanding of Reality, some of the scholars at the forefront of this change, from the fields of physics, psychology, and social sciences, discuss the direction it is taking and its urgency.

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13

Marcus, Smith, und Leslie Nico. Part V The Effects of Assignment, The Persistence of Property Rights, and The Vindication of An Owner’s Rights, 26 Consequences and Effects of An Assignment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198748434.003.0026.

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This chapter discusses the consequences and effects of an assignment. Although the paradigm of transfer applies clearly to multilateral intangible property, it applies much less easily to bilateral intangible property. Interests in multilateral intangible property are fully fledged property rights, good against ‘all the world’. Bilateral intangible property, whilst undoubtedly having some of the characteristics of property, lacks this characteristic of universal enforceability. In the case of bilateral intangible property, the right that is transferred remains, for all its transferability, a personal right as against an identified debtor. There is no question of a right subsisting against ‘all the world’. Rather, there is a right—originally owed by the debtor to the assignor—that is transferred from the assignor to the assignee.

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14

United States. Office of Solid Waste, Hrsg. Background document for capacity analysis for land disposal restrictions, phase II: Universal treatment standards, and treatment standards for organic toxicity characteristic wastes and other newly listed wastes (final rule). Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, 1994.

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15

Fox, Alistair. New Zealand Coming-of-age Films: Distinctive Characteristics and Thematic Preoccupations. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429443.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of New Zealand coming-of-age films from the first feature film to be made on this theme, The God Boy (Murray Reece, 1976) to the most recent examples, Mahana (Lee Tamahori, 2016) and Hunt for the Wilderpeople (Taika Waititi, 2016), identifying trends and patterns in the evolution of this genre. Characteristic attributes are explored, such as the dialogue with national literature (of the 15 films examined in the book, all but four are adaptations); the universal tendency of filmmakers to update the setting to the time of their own childhood; the presence of personal projections and identifications in the films; the importance of the New Zealand landscape as a thematic element. Finally, the main thematic preoccupations are outlined, with a demonstration of how they shift over time in response to changing cultural and political circumstances.

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16

Palmer, R. R. Aristocracy About 1760: The Constituted Bodies. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0002.

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This chapter presents a descriptive survey of the constituted bodies of the middle of the eighteenth century, with especial reference to their membership and recruitment. It covers the diets of Eastern Europe, councils and estates of the Middle Zone, provincial estates and parlements of France, and parliaments and assemblies in the British Isles and America. It argues that nothing was more characteristic of the eighteenth century than constituted bodies of parliamentary or conciliar type. They existed everywhere west of Russia and Turkey. They were more universal than the institution of monarchy, more widespread than the famous middle class. All defended their liberties as they understood them. In defending their rights and justifying their pretensions, the constituted bodies elaborated a good deal of political theory.

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17

Heil, John. Existents and Universals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796299.003.0004.

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Following the lead of D. C. Williams, the chapter advances the thought that E. J. Lowe’s universals are not, after all, general entities—immanent or transcendent—but particular entities—either objects, such as tomatoes, or their characteristics—considered without regard to their particularity. Just as you can consider a tomato’s color without considering the tomato, so you can consider the tomato’s color without considering it as the tomato’s. The upshot amounts to what Keith Campbell calls ‘painless realism’. Regarding objects’ properties as universals is to adopt what Williams regards as a ‘rule for counting’, according to which identity is grounded in similarity.

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18

Young, Edward. Love Of Fame: The Universal Passion, In Seven Characteristical Satires. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2010.

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19

Lynch, Deidre Shauna. Philosophical Fictions and ‘Jacobin’ Novels in the 1790s. Herausgegeben von Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.018.

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This essay on the novel of ideas in the 1790s investigates the sometimes conflicting goals pursue by the ‘Jacobin’ novelists—figures such as Mary Wollstonecraft, William Godwin, and Mary Hays—and also charts their characteristic preoccupations with the proper relations between reason and passion and mind and body. Revamping the Enlightenment tradition of the conte philosophique, these supporters of the Revolution in France and political reform in Britain advocated a newly ambitious species of novel capable of building bridges between the discursive domains of fiction and political theory. These novelists also set out to claim the power over readers’ emotions they found in sentimental fiction’s stories of suffering individuals. At the same time, contrariwise, they aimed to assemble comprehensive accounts of the social system—of ‘things as they are’, in Godwin’s phrase—and touted their commitment to the promulgation of universal, impersonal truth.

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20

Universalno i nat͡s︡ionalno v bŭlgarskata kultura. Sofii͡a︡: Mezhdunar. t͡s︡entŭr po problemite na malt͡s︡instvata i kulturnite vzaimodeĭstvii͡a︡, 1996.

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21

Farb, Benson, und Dan Margalit. Torsion. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147949.003.0008.

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This chapter deals with finite subgroups of the mapping class group. It first explains the distinction between finite-order mapping classes and finite-order homeomorphisms, focusing on the Nielsen realization theorem for cyclic groups and detection of torsion with the symplectic representation. It then considers the problem of finding an Euler characteristic for orbifolds, to prove a Gauss–Bonnet theorem for orbifolds, and to use these results to show that there is a universal lower bound of π‎/21 for the area of any 2-dimensional orientable hyperbolic orbifold. The chapter demonstrates that, when g is greater than or equal to 2, finite subgroups have order at most 84(g − 1) and cyclic subgroups have order at most 4g + 2. It also describes finitely many conjugacy classes of finite subgroups in Mod(S) and concludes by proving that Mod(Sɡ) is generated by finitely many elements of order 2.

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22

Nowakowska, Natalia. Defining Catholicism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813453.003.0009.

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This discussion asks what King Sigismund of Poland and his subjects understood catholicism to be in the 1520s and 1530s, through language analysis of a diverse and large corpus of sources. It finds that (in contrast to ‘luteranismus’) there was no name for catholicism per se. The church was defined primarily with reference to the past: as the church of one’s ancestors, of the Fathers, of many past centuries. Its chief characteristic was its (alleged) historic unity, resting on a carefully preserved consensus down the ages. Under the pressure of events, however, we find the language used by catholics in Poland-Prussia shifting, from a pre-confessional universal world view towards proto-confessional positions: from ‘good and bad Christians’ to ‘Catholic’ versus ‘Lutheran’. Reformation supporters, meanwhile, described this church very differently—as papal-led, built on distinctive doctrinal positions, and located in a dead, rather than a living, past.

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23

Academic Nations in China and Japan: Framed by Concepts of Nature, Culture and the Universal. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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24

Tarrant, Richard. Horace's Odes. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195156751.001.0001.

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Horace’s body of lyric poetry, the Odes, is one of the greatest achievements of Latin literature and a foundational text for the Western poetic tradition. These 103 exquisitely crafted poems speak in a distinctive voice—usually detached, often ironic, always humane—reflecting on the changing Roman world that Horace lived in and also on more universal themes of friendship, love, and mortality. This book introduces readers to the Odes by situating them in the context of Horace’s career as a poet and by defining their relationship to earlier literature, Greek and Roman. Several poems have been freshly translated by the author; others appear in versions by Horace’s best modern translators. A number of poems are analyzed in detail, illustrating Horace’s range of subject matter and his characteristic techniques of form and structure. A substantial final chapter traces the reception of the Odes from Horace’s own time to the present. Readers of this book will gain an appreciation for the artistry of one of the finest lyric poets of all time.

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25

Shin, Doh Chull. Popular Understanding of Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.80.

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How well do people around the world understand democracy? Do they support democracy with an informed understanding of what it is? To address these questions, which have largely been overlooked in the literature on democratization, the World Values Survey and three regional barometer surveys are analyzed according to a two-dimensional notion of democratic knowledge. Their analyses reveal that a vast majority of global citizenries especially in post-authoritarian and authoritarian countries are either uninformed or misinformed about the fundamental characteristics of democracy and its alternatives. These findings contradict the popular theses that democracy is emerging as a universal value and it is also becoming the universally preferred system of government. For much of the world today, democracy represents little more than an appealing political symbol that still retains authoritarian practices.

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26

Kononenko, Iryna. Typologia głównych członów zdania w językach słowiańskich. University of Warsaw Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323548577.

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The monograph presents a typological analysis of the main parts of two-part and single-member sentences in 15 Slavonic languages based on national, parallel and multi-language corpora. The research allows to identify universal syntax features of these languages as well as to define the characteristics of a group or a single language.

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27

(Foreword), Margaret Brantley, und Anne Marie Hacht (Editor), Hrsg. Literary Themes for Students: American Dream: Examining Diverse Literature to Understand and Compare Universal Themes. Gale Cengage, 2007.

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28

Maggiore, Michele. Stochastic backgrounds of cosmological origin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570899.003.0013.

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Characteristic frequency of relic GWs. Production mechanisms of GWs in the early universe: preheating, phase transitions, cosmic strings, alternatives to inflation. Bounds on primordial GW backgrounds: nucleosynthesis bound, bounds from CMB, observational limits at interferometers.

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29

Marie, Hacht Anne, Hrsg. Literary themes for students: The American dream : examining diverse literature to understand and compare universal themes. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2007.

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30

Gorisse, Marie-Hélène. Logic in the Tradition of Prabhācandra. Herausgegeben von Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314621.013.47.

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The characterization of truth-preserving arguments is a core issue in India and received the detailed attention of philosophers. This chapter presents Prabhācandra’s theory of inference from the eleventh century, stressing its uniqueness and detailed critique of Dignāga and Dharmakīrti. In Prabhācandra’s framework, the inferential evidence has not three but just one characteristic, “being impossible otherwise.” The epistemological problem of the means to know when evidence has this characteristic is solved without regress by appeal to a non-inferential source of knowing, the “discernment of universals” (tarka). Finally, important advances in the role of negation in logical inference are related to a greater emphasis on linguistic form.

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31

Bornstein, Marc H., und Diane L. Putnick. Parent–Adolescent Relationships in Global Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.003.0006.

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The chapter on parent–adolescent relationships in global perspective explores dynamic and reciprocal relationships between parents and their growing adolescents. Relationships between parents and their children change as children enter adolescence. This chapter covers how parents shape their adolescents’ characteristics and meet their needs just as adolescents’ characteristics and needs shape parenting. Most research on adolescence emanates from high-income and Western countries, and parent–adolescent relationships are molded by culture or context. This chapter covers some aspects of parent–adolescent relationships that appear to be universal as well as how societal/contextual norms regarding adolescent separation–individuation from or interdependence with the family, increased globalization, and access to mass media affect parent–adolescent relationships.

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32

Latin America at Fin-de-Siècle Universal Exhibitions: Modern Cultures of Visuality. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

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33

Uslenghi, Alejandra. Latin America at Fin-de-Siècle Universal Exhibitions: Modern Cultures of Visuality. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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34

Campino, Antonio Carlos Coelho, Maria Dolores Montoya Diaz und Flavia Mori Sarti. The Economics of Health in Brazil. Herausgegeben von Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni und Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.30.

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This chapter examines the historical background to the Brazilian health system and analyzes its characteristics from an economic perspective, considering the magnitude and evolution of inequities in health outcomes and the utilization of health services provided through universal health coverage policies in Brazil during recent decades. It also looks at questions regarding financial protection provided to the population by the Brazilian health system, and challenges for the future. The analysis encompasses information on the current state of research, population characteristics, attributes of the health system, evidence on health disparities, and challenges relating to the management of health care in the country. Demographic transition has compelled the country toward an incomplete epidemiological transition, marked by the coexistence of infectious diseases (traditional unresolved illnesses and emerging maladies) and chronic non-communicable diseases derived from technological advances and income growth (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, among others), without benefits from sustainable economic development.

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35

Warner, Rebecca. Attracting the Family Market. Herausgegeben von Robert Gordon und Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.26.

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The musical aimed at the family market is an important part of the landscape of the British musical. This paper seeks to explore some of the key characteristics that can make a musical appeal to a hybrid, cross-generational audience. By employing Tony Graham’s five-step gauge for considering the suitability of particular works for capturing a child’s interest as a framework, the essay explores the musicals Honk!, Mary Poppins, Matilda, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory as case studies. Special attention is paid to ideas of imagination, transcendence, and the use of a universal topic to appeal to the family market.

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Pennington, Kenneth. Rights. Herausgegeben von George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0030.

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One of the most notable characteristics of Western societies has been the development of individual and group rights in legal, theological, and philosophical thought of the first two millennia. It has often been noted that thinkers in Non-Western societies have not had the same preoccupation with rights. The very concept of rights is laden with numerous problems. Universality is the most basic and difficult. If human rights are only a product of Western ideas of justice, they cannot have universality. In an age that is dominated by conceptions of law embracing some form of legal positivism, many scholars recognize only individual rights that have been established by the constitutional jurisprudence of individual countries or their legal systems. Historically, the emergence of rights in European jurisprudence is intimately connected with the terms ius naturale and lex naturalis in Western jurisprudence and theological thought. Human beings may never agree on universal rules of a natural law, but they might agree on universal precepts that shape the penumbra of rights surrounding natural rights.

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37

Kachelriess, Michael. Inflation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802877.003.0024.

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This chapter introduces inflation as a phase of nearly exponential expansion in the early universe. The slow-roll conditions are deribed and possible inflationary models are discussed. Reheating connects the end of inflation with the standard hot big-bang model. The spectrum of fluctuations generated by inflation is calculated and it is shown that it is nearly scale-invariant and Gaussian. The fluctuations have fixed phase relations on superhorizon scales that cause characteristic oscillations of the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background.

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Peirson, Ryan P., und Paulette Marie Gillig. Rural Communities. Herausgegeben von Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0024.

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Rural environments provide many challenges and opportunities to psychiatrists and their patients. Although telemedicine is a growing option in some communities, access to mental health care remains difficult, compounded by transportation and other resource limitations. Although many technical aspects of community psychiatry are universal, particular attention must be paid to the special characteristics of rural settings, including boundary issues in close-knit communities, each of which may have a unique culture that a psychiatrist may need to learn to understand. Managing risks associated with substance use, particularly opioid dependence, and suicide risk can be more challenging in rural practice. Poverty and homelessness are also common problems. This chapter provides expertise on best practices to address these challenges, encouraging psychiatrists to consider the potential rewards of rural practice.

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Stotz, Karola, und Paul Griffiths. A Developmental Systems Account of Human Nature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823650.003.0004.

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We argue here that to understand human nature is to understand the plastic process of human development and the diversity it produces. Drawing on the framework of developmental systems theory and the idea of developmental niche construction, we argue that human nature is not embodied in only one input to development, such as the genome, and that it should not be confined to universal or typical human characteristics. Both similarities and certain classes of differences are explained by a human developmental system that reaches well out into the ‘environment’. We point to a significant overlap between our account and the ‘life history trait cluster’ account of Grant Ramsey, and defend the developmental systems account against the accusation that trying to encompass developmental plasticity and human diversity leads to an unmanageably complex account of human nature.

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Muller, Sebastian, und Martin Sieber. Resonance scattering of waves in chaotic systems. Herausgegeben von Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik und Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.34.

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This article discusses some applications of random matrix theory (RMT) to quantum or wave chaotic resonance scattering. It first provides an overview of selected topics on universal statistics of resonances and scattering observables, with emphasis on theoretical results obtained via non-perturbative methods starting from the mid-1990s. It then considers the statistical properties of scattering observables at a given fixed value of the scattering energy, taking into account the maximum entropy approach as well as quantum transport and the Selberg integral. It also examines the correlation properties of the S-matrix at different values of energy and concludes by describing other characteristics and applications of RMT to resonance scattering of waves in chaotic systems, including those relating to time delays, quantum maps and sub-unitary random matrices, and microwave cavities at finite absorption.

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41

Davis, Coralynn V. Virtue, Truth, and the Motherline of Morality. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038426.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the universe of virtue as it is displayed in Maithil women's taleworlds—such virtues as devoutness, compassion, and generosity. One striking characteristic of Maithil women's narratives is that they generally portray very little gendering in regard to basic tenets of virtue. In other words, the same virtuous qualities are appreciated in men and women; virtues are gender specific only in the particulars of their enactment. The chapter also shows that, in Maithil women's narrative hands, differences in fortune are correlated with the measure of women's virtuousness, and, further, such virtue in women is portrayed as a heritable trait passed on to offspring through maternal substance.

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42

Disch, Lisa, und Mary Hawkesworth. Feminist Theory. Herausgegeben von Lisa Disch und Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.1.

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This chapter introduces readers to feminist theory as a multifaceted and multi-sited project, not a bounded field. Grounded in the political struggles for women’s empowerment that have emerged in all regions of the world and convinced of the arbitrariness of exclusion based on sexual difference, feminist theory has flourished as a mode of critical theory that illuminates the limitations of popular assumptions about sex, race, sexuality, and gender. This introduction identifies three common characteristics of feminist theory projects in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries: (1) efforts to denaturalize that which passes for difference, (2) efforts to challenge the aspiration to produce universal and impartial knowledge, and (3) efforts to engage the complexity of power relations through intersectional analysis. It sets the stage for the principal aim of this Handbook: to demonstrate how feminist theory is crucial to grasping the power dynamics operating in contemporary life.

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Peebles, P. J. E. The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691209838.001.0001.

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An instant landmark on its publication, this book remains the essential introduction to this vital area of research. Written by one of the world's most esteemed theoretical cosmologists, it provides an invaluable historical introduction to the subject, and an enduring overview of key methods, statistical measures, and techniques for dealing with cosmic evolution. With characteristic clarity and insight, the author focuses on the largest known structures — galaxy clusters — weighing the empirical evidence of the nature of clustering and the theories of how it evolves in an expanding universe. A must-have reference for students and researchers alike, this edition introduces a new generation of readers to a classic text in modern cosmology.

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Ayala, Francisco J., und Camilo J. Cela-Conde. Taxonomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739906.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the hominin tribe as it branches off within the hominoid diversification. It considers the differences between humans and chimpanzees, and explores the systems of classification of the human lineage. Next come the different adaptive strategies of the various genera of the human lineage. An outcome of different adaptations are the derived characteristic human traits, from large brains to bipedalism, which is the only apomorphy universally shared by the human lineage. Bipedalism is analyzed in detail, morphologically as well as functionally, including biomechanical features, comparing fossil exemplars to preserved footprints. The final issue explored is the narrowing of the birth canal caused by different degrees of bipedalism. Bipedalism changed somewhat its function when adjusting to running in the open savannas.

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45

Hayward, Rhodri. Medicine and the Mind. Herausgegeben von Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0029.

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History maintains an ambiguous role with regard to the mind sciences. It can be used to demonstrate the universality of psychological characteristics, capacities, and illnesses or it can serve to demonstrate their relative bases by revealing the implicit assumptions that guide modern research as well as the specific configurations of theory, practice, and technology that allowed the mind sciences to emerge and their subject-matter to be articulated. This article embraces this second approach. It outlines four broad constructions of the psyche — the inscribable, the historical, the adaptable, and the statistical — and shows how their articulation has made possible new kinds of self-understanding and social interaction. It also makes broad claims for the universal basis of psychological phenomena. This discussion focuses on the specific conceptions of mental medicine that have emerged in Europe and North America since the end of the eighteenth century. This psychological language makes possible our modern experience of mind, self, and mental illness.

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Condon, Louise, und Julie Mytton. Gypsy/Traveller, migrant, and refugee children. Herausgegeben von Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0026.

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Children living in special circumstances due to migration or refugee status, or being of Gypsy, Roma, or Traveller ethnicity, have extra health needs and difficulty in accessing universal and specialist health services. Migrant, refugee, and Traveller children belong to diverse ethnic and social groups, but share characteristics which increase their need for targeted health promotion. All groups are subsections of the population with poor self-reported health and access to health services, and higher numbers of dependent children. It is well recognized that they experience discrimination and social exclusion which adversely impacts health. There is overlap between groups, for example, refugees are migrants who have left their country of origin to avoid persecution, and Roma are migrants who are of Gypsy ethnicity. This chapter identifies the reasons why children from these groups require focused health promotion; it summarizes their health needs, describes interventions to improve their physical and mental health through the child health programmes, and discusses factors that influence their ability to access preventive services.

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Holzmann, Vered, Aaron Shenhar, Yao Zhao und Benjamin Melamed. Cracking the Code of Megaproject Innovation. Herausgegeben von Bent Flyvbjerg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732242.013.25.

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Boeing Corporation launched its 787 Dreamliner development program in the early 2000s, anticipating quick benefits from a growing demand for next-generation, advanced, and highly efficient aircraft. Budgeted at US$20 billion and designed by a global network of more than 700 subcontractors around the world, the Dreamliner had all the characteristics of a megaproject. Boeing expected that a collection of strategic innovations would add substantial business benefits, but that dream led to years of painful delays, cost overruns, and service introduction problems. Boeing’s previous extensive experience in commercial aircraft building was insufficient to deal with new challenges of a highly innovative program, and the Dreamliner’s difficulties typify many modern megaprojects. With accelerated technological growth, increased complexity of systems, and intensified demand for shorter time cycles, the challenge of strategic innovation in megaprojects becomes a universal struggle. This chapter presents a retrospective analysis of Boeing’s experience and offers a collection of global lessons for future megaprojects and programs.

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Foster, Cynthia Ewell, Carlos E. Yeguez und Cheryl A. King. Children and Adolescents With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors. Herausgegeben von Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White und Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.35.

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Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youth ages 10–19 in the US, with rates on the rise despite a surge in prevention and advocacy initiatives over the last decade. Suicide risk factors may include demographic characteristics, as well as clinical, family, and contextual factors. Best practices in screening and risk assessment and a variety of prevention strategies are reviewed, including universal, selected, and indicated prevention approaches. The evidence for psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments and crisis intervention strategies is reviewed. The suicide prevention field faces a number of research challenges, including the need for studies with sufficient statistical power, risk management considerations, and a growing understanding of the heterogeneity of youth at risk for suicide. Future directions include continued research collaborations, development of adapted/tailored screening and intervention approaches that account for youth heterogeneity, and the dissemination of suicide-specific evidence-based practices within healthcare and other youth-serving agencies.

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Kudinov, V. V., N. V. Korneeva und I. K. Krylov. Effect of components on the properties of composite materials. Nauka Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/9785020408654.

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Methods for the creation and characteristics of composite materials reinforced with carbon, aramid and UHMWPE-fibers based on polymer matrices are considered. The properties of more than 50 composite materials are given. Technologies for their production from wound nonwoven and woven fiber reinforcements are proposed, with regulation of activation, composition and arrangement of components in the material. Experimental methods for studying polymer com- posites, such as wet-pull-out (W-P-O), full-pull-out (F-P-O) and impact break (IB) have been developed. It allows one to study the interfacial interaction of components during the creation of CM, regulate the activation of fibers by non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma and fluo rination, and analyze mechanisms of deformation and destruction of CM, in statics and upon impact with the help of uniform universal samples. Monograph – reference book is intended for scientific and engineering staff, teachers, stu- dents, graduate students, and inventors involved in the development, production and use of poly mer composite materials.

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Blundell, Katherine. 3. Characterizing black holes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199602667.003.0003.

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‘Characterizing black holes’ describes the two different types of black holes: Schwarzschild black holes that do not rotate and Kerr black holes that do. The only distinguishing characteristics of black holes are their mass and their spin. A remarkable feature of a spinning black hole is that the gravitational field pulls objects around the black hole’s axis of rotation, not merely in towards its centre—an effect called frame dragging. The static limit and ergosphere regions of black holes are also described. Einstein’s equations of General Relativity allow many different solutions describing alternative versions of curved spacetime. Could white holes and worm holes exist in our universe?

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