Dissertationen zum Thema „Unités de soins intensifs néonatals“
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Saliba, Sahar. „La voix maternelle et paternelle adressée au bébé prématuré en unité de soins intensifs néonatals“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100046/2019PA100046.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePreterm infants’ behavioral and physiological states are affected by environmental noise and adult voices. Vocal intervention can play a key role in preterm infant development. It has been shown that the experience of hearing adult speech during hospitalization favors language development in preterm infants. We may thus wonder whether it would also promote the development of preverbal communication between parents and babies. This thesis evaluates the social and interactive dimension of the experience of hearing the parents’ infant-directed voices in the neonatal intensive care unit We first present a systematic review of the literature on the impact of voices other than the maternal one on the clinical status of premature newborns. Studies have mainly shown that vocal stimuli increase the stability of premature babies. Our review reveals that no study specifically addresses the effect of the father's voice. We wanted to fill this gap by including the effect of the paternal voice on premature babies’ behavioral state. To this end, 14 stable premature infants were videotaped in their incubator while their mothers and fathers spoke to them. Results show that infants spend more time in a quiet alert state when they hear their father’s and mother’s voices compared to baseline and infants exhibit more state lability during maternal IDS compared to paternal IDS. It seems that through speaking alone, both fathers and mothers influence the baby's state of consciousness and neurophysiological organization. We wanted to know if babies, expressing states of consciousness through subtle behavioral cues, in turn influence the parents. Acoustic analysis of maternal and paternal speech sequences revealed that loudness and spectral flow are higher for both parents when preterm infants are sleeping, or transiting from one state to another, than when they are awake. Furthermore, loudness and spectral flow are higher in maternal speech when compared to paternal speech. In addition, fathers use higher pitch, and more jitter and shimmer when they see their preterm infant in an awake state. These findings indicate the importance of both the father’s and the mother’s voice for preterm infants. The work presented in this thesis suggests that the experience of hearing the affectionate voice of both parents in the neonatal intensive care unit promotes the establishment of an interaction. Further studies are needed to better identify the benefits for preterm infants of a relational are developmental approach to perinatal care
Missi, Philomene Marie. „Élaboration, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'un protocole d'interventions infirmières : une contribution à la réduction du bruit et de la lumière dans les unités néonatales du Cameroun“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38226.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presence of various sensory stimuli in the neonatal intensive care environment is a major determinant in the development of preterm infants. The impact of excess noise and light on the short, medium- and long-term development of the premature infant is documented by studies. Measures to optimize the care environment are implemented in neonatal units in the West and in other parts of the world, but they are not in Cameroon. However, this problem is more important in these units that the infant mortality rate is considerable. The research involved developing and implementing a nursing intervention protocol aimed at reducing noise and light in two neonatal units in Cameroon and assessing their acceptability and feasibility. To do this, the Sidani and Braden method taking place in four phases and using a mixed estimate was used. Three approaches to data collection are proposed by this method, namely experiential, empirical and theoretical approaches. Levine’s conservation care model and Mefford’s (2004) premature health promotion theory were used to situate the problems experienced by preterm infants from a nursing perspective and to suggest nursing interventions. For the first three phases of the study, the objective data were obtained by direct observation of the environment of the neonatal units and a measurement of the sound and light intensities on these units. The experiential data comes from individual and group interviews with nurses (n = 18), doctors (n = 11) and family members (n = 7). The empirical data are from a literature review and the theoretical data are from the study and the theoretical nursing literature. At the end of this stage, needs were identified, and an intervention protocol developed. Phase 4 consists of implementing the intervention protocol in the form of a pilot project. This phase also included the implementation of correctional measures on the two participating units and a set of interventions aimed at changing the behavior of the personnel of these units, and that of families and visitors in favor of protocol interventions. Based on the framework of Michie et al., Training Program and awareness sessions were offered, supported by various means (signs, flyers and reminders). Then, the implementation of the intervention protocol was carried out over a two-week period with the implementation of a cyclical light program on the participating units. The pilot project was carried out through the recruitment of 29 staff members (22 nurses and seven doctors). The results show that the correctional measures were implemented in full on one unit and partially in the other. The results show a high degree of acceptability and feasibility of such a protocol aimed at reducing noise and light on neonatal units in Cameroon. In conclusion, the study showed that local culture, lack of means and financial resources were not an absolute obstacle in terms of feasibility and acceptability and that a research program could better examine the conditions implantation, efficacy and effects on premature babies. Keywords: premature newborns, noise, light, neonatal intensive care units, nursing interventions.
Caouette, Georges. „Évolution de la mortalité et de la morbidité chez les enfants prématurés de moins de 1000 grammes à la naissance traités dans les unités de soins intensifs néonatals de la région de Québec de 1986 à 1993“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0013/MQ41865.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChen, Meng. „Massive data processing and explainable machine learning in neonatal intensive care units“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePreterm infants are highly vulnerable to complications such as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and late-onset sepsis (LOS), which pose significant challenges in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Despite advancements in neonatal care, early detection and effective management of these conditions remain difficult. Based on the CARESS-Premi project (NCT01611740), the dissertation aims to develop advanced data processing techniques and interpretable machine learning (ML) models to enhance NICU decision-making and neonatal outcomes, by leveraging non-invasive, continuous and real-time monitoring systems. The main contributions include: (i) an optimized automatic signal processing pipeline for real-life ECG analysis tailored to NICU; (ii) a patient-specific mathematical model for postnatal bilirubin dynamics characterization in preterm infants, with model parameters serving as potential biomarkers for detecting associated comorbidities; (iii) the knowledge-based non-invasive bilirubin estimation using mixed-effects ML integrating heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and physiological insights; (iv) ML models for LOS early detection using HRV analysis, proving timely alerts before clinical suspicion; (v) the design, deployment and preliminary evaluation of an on-the-edge clinical decision support system (CDSS) integrating quasi-real-time signal processing and ML models in a NICU setting. These results demonstrate the potential of combining advanced physiological signal processing with ML to optimize neonatal care
Lemieux-Bourque, Charlotte. „Organisation des soins dans les unités néonatales québécoises : comparaison et validation des outils d'évaluation de la charge de travail du personnel infirmier et leur association avec les issues de santé des grands prématurés“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70376.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBackground : Nursing workload assessment tools are widely used to determine nurse staffing requirements in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, several tools exist and it is unclear if they are equivalent. Objective : We aimed to compare three existing workload assessment tools and assess their association with mortality or morbidity among very preterm infants. Methods : Single-center retrospective cohort study of infants born <33 weeks and admitted to a 52-bed level 3 NICU in 2017 to 2018. Required nurse staffing was estimated for each shift using the Winnipeg Assessment of Neonatal Nursing Needs Tool (WANNNT) used as reference tool, the Quebec Provincial NICU Nursing Ratio (QPNNR), and the Canadian NICU Resource Utilization (CNRU). We evaluated correlation between tools using Pearson R. The association between NICU nursing provision ratio (actual number of nurses / recommended number of nurses per shift according to the tools used) during the first 24h, 7 days of hospitalization and whole hospital stay with mortality / morbidity was assessed using logistic regression models.Results : Median number of nurses required per shift using the WANNNT was 25.0 (interquartile range [IQR]:23.1–26.7). Correlation between WANNNT and QPNNR was high (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001), but the QPNNR underestimated the number of nurses per shift by 4.8 (IQR: 4.1–5.4). Correlation between WANNNT and CNRUwas moderate (r = 0.45, p < 0.0001). Nursing provision ratio during the first seven days of admission calculated using both WANNNT and QPNNR was associated with mortality/morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] (95% CI):0.92 (0.86-0.99); 0.94 (0.89-0.98), respectively). The association between nursing provision ratios for the first 24h and whole hospital stay and mortality/morbidity was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Lower nursing provision ratio during the first seven days of admission is associated with anincreased risk of mortality / morbidity in very preterm infants.
Beuchée, Alain. „Intérêt de l'analyse de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque en néonatalogie : comportement des systèmes de régulation cardiovasculaire dans le syndrome apnée/bradycardie du nouveau-né“. Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1B090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCalvelo, Aros Daniel. „Apprentissage de modèles e la dynamique pour l'aide à la décision en monitorage clinique“. Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-351.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBadji, Lyes. „Contribution au développement d'un système d'aide à la surveillance de patients hospitalisés en unités de soins intensifs“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this thesis is within the general framework of assistance at the monitoring of patients in ICUs. We presented a method of information's extraction from the physiological data, formulated in trend, describing the behaviours of patients in ICUs. This method, developed previously by [Charbonnier, 2005], is based on a qualitative representation of the signais. This representation reduces considerably the quantity of data, which facilitates the work of monitoring of the operator and the assistance to interpret the data. After having made modifications on the trend extraction methodology, we developed a filtering alarms system based, at first, only on the trend representation, where we tried to recognize some clinical events on the various supervised physiological parameters. Secondly, we focused work on alarm filtering occurring on the oxygen saturation (Sp02) signal, used to detect vital problems. The designed system is able to recognize on line severa 1 events occurring on Sp02 and assists the medical staff in its decision process using a multivariable analysis of several physiological parameters
Badji, Lyes. „Contribution au développement d'un système d'aide à la surveillance de patients hospitalisés en unités de soins intensifs“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207688.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVerdier, Eric. „Quantification et facteurs favorisants du reflux gastro-oesophagien acide, sous ventilation assistée et spontanée, en période post-opératoire“. Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSouchon, Jean-Louis. „Indices de gravité dans un service de réanimation : intérêt et limite de leur utilisation : bilan de l'année 1988 au D.A.R. "B" /par Jean-Louis Souchon“. Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaranoff, Gilles. „Évaluation en réanimation au centre hospitalier général de Dax“. Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKentish-Barnes, Nancy. „Mourir à l'heure du médecin : décisions de fin de vie et expériences des acteurs en réanimation“. Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeath today is professionalised and medicalised. Patients in hospital more often die in intensive care than in any other unit. Intensive care and the techniques in use have considerably altered our attitude towards death. How do we die? How are end of life decisions made? What are the experiences of doctors, nurses and patients' families? This study of four intensive care units has enabled us to establish the reality of how death actually takes place and has repositioned it at the core of professional relationships and personal experiences. An end of life decision is a social construction: far from being purely objective and medical, it is conditioned by effects of context and by the commitment of individuals. Our death depends more on the organisation and the culture of the hospital unit than on our own wishes or those of close relatives. Ambivalence is at the centre of the doctors', the nurses' and the families' experiences and necessitates a never ending self reflection and search for meaning
Wang, Yuan. „Heart rate variability and respiration signals as late onset sepsis diagnostic tools in neonatal intensive care units“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S106/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLate-onset sepsis, defined as a systemic infection in neonates older than 3 days, occurs in approximately 10% of all neonates and in more than 25% of very low birth weight infants who are hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Recurrent and severe spontaneous apneas and bradycardias (AB) is one of the major clinical early indicators of systemic infection in the premature infant. Various hematological and biochemical markers have been evaluated for this indication but they are invasive procedures that cannot be repeated several times. The objective of this Ph.D dissertation was to determine if heart rate variability (HRV), respiration and the analysis of their relationships help to the diagnosis of infection in premature infants via non-invasive ways in NICU. Therefore, we carried out Mono-Channel (MC) and Bi-Channel (BC) Analysis in two selected groups of premature infants: sepsis (S) vs. non-sepsis (NS). (1) Firstly, we studied the RR series not only by distribution methods (moy, varn, skew, kurt, med, SpAs), by linear methods: time domain (SD, RMSSD) and frequency domain (p_VLF, p_LF, p_HF), but also by non-linear methods: chaos theory (alphaS, alphaF) and information theory (AppEn, SamEn, PermEn, Regul). For each method, we attempt three sizes of window 1024/2048/4096, and then compare these methods in order to find the optimal ways to distinguish S from NS. The results show that alphaS, alphaF and SamEn are optimal parameters to recognize sepsis from the diagnosis of late neonatal infection in premature infants with unusual and recurrent AB. (2) The question about the functional coupling of HRV and nasal respiration is addressed. Linear and non-linear relationships have been explored. Linear indexes were correlation (r²), coherence function (Cohere) and time-frequency index (r2t,f), while a non-linear regression coefficient (h²) was used to analyze non-linear relationships. We calculated two directions during evaluate the index h2 of non-linear regression. Finally, from the entire analysis process, it is obvious that the three indexes (r2tf_rn_raw_0p2_0p4, h2_rn_raw and h2_nr_raw) were complementary ways to diagnosticate sepsis in a non-invasive way, in such delicate patients.(3) Furthermore, feasibility study is carried out on the candidate parameters selected from MC and BC respectively. We discovered that the proposed test based on optimal fusion of 6 features shows good performance with the largest Area Under Curves (AUC) and the least Probability of False Alarm (PFA). As a conclusion, we believe that the selected measures from MC and BC signal analysis have a good repeatability and accuracy to test for the diagnosis of sepsis via non-invasive NICU monitoring system, which can reliably confirm or refute the diagnosis of infection at an early stage
Husson, Christophe. „Bilan d'activité d'un service de réanimation dans un centre hospitalier général (Hôpital Pasteur de Langon, Gironde) : étude statistique de 1983 à 1987 : recrutement, pathologies, âges, sexes, devenir immédiat des patients“. Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNavarro, Xavier. „Analysis of cerebral and respiratory activity in neonatal intensive care units for the assessment of maturation and infection in the early premature infant“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979727.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBloud, Raymond. „Évaluation des facteurs de variabilité du pronostic à court terme des malades lors de l'admission en réanimation polyvalente au centre hospitalier de Mont-de-Marsan : à propos de 548 cas“. Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrucat, Philippe. „Variation de l'indice therapeutique Omega chez 100 malades admis sur un mode direct en réanimation polyvalente au centre hospitalier de Mont de Marsan“. Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M224.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourdil, Sylvie. „La biologie délocalisée : applications en diabétologie, anesthésie-réanimation et cardiologie“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCauche, Nathanaël. „Contribution à la conception et la réalisation d'Interfaces Homme-Machine adaptatives, application à l'aide à la décision dans une unité de soins intensifs“. Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1405.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThevenard-Duhamel, Christel. „Mesure de la prescription des antibiotiques dans les services de réanimation de France en 1997 et 1998 à l'aide de l'index de prescription“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaborska, Alexandre. „Conception et réalisation d'une plate-forme d'acquisition et de traitement des données médicales : application à l'étude de la pertinence des alarmes en unités de soins intensifs“. Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn intensive Care Units, the increasing in number and technicality of biomedical devices in direct patient’s environment lead to several problems. The first is the difficulty for the medical staff in exploiting all the information provided by these devices. The second problem lies in the multiplicity of alarms generated, which can lead to misinterpretation. In first part, this work presents the design and implementation of an open computer-based system, named Aiddiag. It a research and evaluation platform able to support different approaches for decision support. As it is necessary to use knowledge-based systems in decision support, Aiddiag was designed to allow knowledge acquisition. The constraints associated with such a system are exposed. A modular, robust and open architecture is presented. A data management system was devised that can efficiently manage large amount of heterogeneous data over long periods. A functional prototype was implemented. It can be used to acquire data from several biomedical devices. The second part presents study concerning the evaluation of monitor alarms in adult intensive care unit. A manual report of alarms was linked to an automatic record performed by the Aiddiag platform on the same patient. An analysis procedure tried to extract criteria to differentiate true from the false alarms. The low number of true alarms allows only for qualitative results, but these may forward to new studies. After a description of the perspectives, we conclude on the appropriateness of the computer-based Aiddiag system to the initial constraints. The current evolution of this system involves the addition of new knowledge-based modules
Etelage, Guy. „Les infections pulmonaires nosocomiales bactériennes documentées dans le service de réanimation polyvalente du Centre Hospitalier Général de St Pierre le Tampon en 1991“. Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouadma, Lila. „Pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique : construction et évaluation d'un programme de prévention“. Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077210.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care unit (ICU setting. Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines to prevent VAP, they remain poorly implemented. The objective was to determine the effect of a 2-yr multifaceted program aimed at preventing VAP. The program involved a healthcare workers (HCWs) and included a multidisciplinary task force, an educational session, direct observations with performance feedback, technical improvements, and reminders. It focused on eight targeted measures based on well recognized published guidelines, easily and precisely defined acts, and directly concerned HCW's bedside behavior: 1 compliance with hand-hygiene rules including use of an alcohol-based hand rub, 2) proper glove and gown use, 3) keeping patients in the semi-recumbent position, 4) keeping the endotracheal tube cuff pressure >20 cm H2O, 5) using orogastric tubes rather than nasogastric tubes, 6) avoiding gastric overdistension, 7) decontaminating the patient's mouth with 0. 12% chlorhexidine at least four times/day, and 8) eliminating nonessential tracheal suction. We studied the impact of the programme on compliance with the targeted preventive measures, on HCWs'individual factors and on VA incidence and the role of technical devices. Our preventive program produced sustained VAP rate decreases in the long term. However, VAP rates remained substantial despite high compliance with preventive measures, suggesting that eliminating VAP in the ICU may be an unrealistic goal
Cherifa-Luron, Ményssa. „Prédiction des épisodes d'hypotension à partir de données longitudinales à haute fréquence recueillies auprès de patients en soins intensifs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=8076&f=67992.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe digital revolution in healthcare, reflected in both the centralization of and access to extensive medical databases and the considerable advances in artificial intelligence (AI), has created new opportunities for data science applied to medicine. Putting the patient at the heart of the health care system, developing these new technologies guarantees a more personalized medicine by identifying more predictive factors and individual prognosis. This thesis work is entirely in line with the concept of personalized medicine. More precisely, it is an example of medical AI's development and concrete application to predict hypotension and, more broadly, of states of shock, frequent pathologies affecting more than one-third of patients hospitalized in intensive care. Indeed, shock, defined as a failure of the circulatory system leading to an inadequacy between the supply and the peripheral tissue needs in oxygen, is considered a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Therefore, anticipating hypotension, one of its main symptoms, can be extremely useful to make better therapeutic decisions and, in some cases, prevent the onset of organ failure from the beginning by appropriately adjusting the therapy. In addition, the ability to predict future deterioration can be beneficial to assist in the proactive assignment of care teams within hospital departments. The first part of this thesis work focused on using and applying a machine learning-based ensemble algorithm, the Super Learner (SL), to predict the occurrence of a hypotensive episode 10 minutes or more in advance in patients hospitalized in the ICU. This work demonstrated that physiological signals could be integrated into predictive models when dealing with massive data without requiring complex pre-processing methods to be exploited. Also, the SL was far superior to each of the algorithms included in its library, as evidenced by its lower errors and good values of sensitivity and specificity values during its internal and external evaluation. Then, to mimic the way that clinicians are trained to jointly analyze the evolution of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) given their close physiological interdependence, we developed a deep learning model, the Physiological Deep Learner (PDL), to predict MAP and HR simultaneously. We highlighted that the use of a multitasking algorithm outperformed the prediction performance of single-tasking algorithms. Indeed, compared to a more traditional approach, our PDL achieved better performance, exhibiting a better calibration profile and fewer errors. In addition, the PDL was able to predict with high accuracy the occurrence or non-occurrence of a hypotensive episode up to 60 minutes in advance
Boulamery-Velly, Audrey. „Variabilité pharmacocinétique et pénétration tissulaire des carbapénèmes“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrancoeur, Diane. „La fin de vie dans les USI : les pistes de solution organisationnelles, professionnelles et émotionnelles des infirmières“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26577.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorin, Marie-Pier. „L’aménagement d’unités de soins généraux et intensifs en milieu hospitalier : Élaboration d’un outil d’aide à la décision architecturale et évaluation par les experts en santé et en architecture hospitalière“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30814/30814.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis stems from a research collaboration between l’École d’architecture de l’Université Laval and L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (L’HDQ) during summer and autumn 2009, which aimed to develop and test an architectural conception and decision-making tool for nursing units. The tool presents the best available evidence from research to plan optimal general and intensive care units, along with objectives and design criteria. This tool is addressed to the different committees engaged in L’HDQ’s extension and renovation project of nursing units and to the architects in charge of the development of design hypotheses. Conceived in its first version during summer 2009, it was tested in the context of a specialization module in Programming and design of a master’s degree at Université Laval during autumn 2009. Two distinct groups, constituted on one hand of 15 students participating in this formation, and on the other hand of members of an expert committee guiding the conception works of the students, evaluated the relevance of the tool used during 15 weeks. The expert committee was composed of six professionals from L’HDQ and hospital planning specialists from public and private sectors. The whole work was done in the context of two theses in architectural sciences, being the ones of Isabelle Couillard and Marie-Pier Morin. The systematic review used to feed the architectural conception and decision-making tool was divided between them. Marie-Pier Morin’s one focuses on the subjects related to staff efficiency, patient fall, medical errors, workplace ergonomics and control, monitoring and interpersonal communication while Isabelle Couillard’s one concerns the flexibility and adaptability of the environment, hospital-acquired infection and healing environment. As for the test of the tool, Marie-Pier Morin’s thesis presents the point of view of the professionals engaged in L’HDQ’s extension and renovation project of nursing units on the tool to assist decision-making while Isabelle Couillard’s thesis rather presents the students’ point of view on the tool to help the conception of an architectural project.
Lasocki, Sigismond. „Métabolisme du fer dans l'anémie de réanimation“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnemia is frequent among critically ill patients. It results from both inflammation and blood losses. It is usually considered that these critically ill patients have an inflammatory iron profile, with iron being stored in tissue macrophages. However, these two mechanisms exert opposite effects on iron metabolism regulation by the master regulator: hepcidin. During this work, we have developed and characterized a mice model of critical care anemia, associating an inflammatory peritonitis and repeated phlebotomies. We observed that erythropoiesis stimulation dominates over inflammation, with decreased hepcidin expression. This allowed the mobilization of spleen iron, despite the inflammation. In a preliminary study, we observed that intravenous iron toxicity was not enhanced in mice with peritonitis compared to control animals. Furthermore, we confirmed. In a prospective observational study in critically ill patients, that hepcidin may be repressed, even in the presence of inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that iron may be proposed to treat some anemic critically ill patients
Malo, Christian. „Développement d'un questionnaire valide évaluant les facteurs influençant l'intention des infirmières d'adopter un dossier informatisé en salle de réanimation à l'urgence à l'aide d'une plateforme informatisée“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29497/29497.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuellet, Steven. „Modèles de travail et performances sociales : une étude de cas du travail infirmier dans les unités de soins critiques d'un centre hospitalier de la région de Québec“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCabon, Sandie. „Monitoring of premature newborns by video and audio analyses“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work, conducted as part of the European project Digi-NewB and a CIFRE thesis, was to propose a new noninvasive approach to monitoring in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This new monitoring should make possible a continuous evaluation of the neuro-behavioural evolution of premature newborns using non-invasive modalities such as video and audio. After a bibliographical study of more than 150papers, a first study was carried out on a semiautomatic estimation of sleep stages. The proposed approach combined for the first time video and audio analyses. The limitations identified during this study led to the proposition of a new audio-video system. Its integration into NICU was studied and evaluated. Then, methods, based on video and audio processing techniques and classification (Random Forest, KNN, Multi-layer Perceptron ...), were proposed. They allow a continuous characterization of the newborn behaviour in terms of movement quantification and cry analysis. The difficulties related to the constraints of the real NICU conditions were studied and solutions to avoid irrelevant periods (e.g.,parents or medical staff in the camera field of view, alarms coming from medical devices) were developed. The results are encouraging and show that it is now possible to imagine a new generation of monitoring based on noninvasive analyses to characterize the neurobehavioural development of the newborn
Pourreau, Aurélie. „Analyse systémique des risques liés aux cathéters veineux centraux en service de réanimation“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773640.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCorne, Philippe. „Staphylococcus aureus dans un service de réanimation : étude génétique, phénotypique et épidémiologique“. Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDemaret, Pierre. „Anémie à la sortie de réanimation pédiatrique : prévalence, marqueurs de risque et prise en charge“. Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUS037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnemia is frequent at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and during PICU stay, and it is associated with bad outcomes during critical illness. Moreover, restrictive transfusional strategies are currently recommended for most of the critically ill children. Therefore, it makes sense to wonder about anemia at discharge from PICU.This is a relevant question: indeed, anemia is associated with worse outcomes in several non-critical settings. It is thus plausible that anemia at PICU discharge is associated with bad post-PICU outcomes, which is particularly relevant nowadays considering the low mortality rate reported in PICU.The main finality of our research program is the association between post-PICU anemia and post-PICU outcomes, and eventually the impact of the treatment of anemia on post-PICU outcomes. However, to date, published data on anemia at discharge from PICU are almost non-existent. The first step of our research program is thus to obtain a global picture of the current situation: this is the aim of this thesis.The objectives of this thesis are to determine the prevalence of anemia at discharge from PICU, its risk markers, and its management by pediatric intensivists. To reach these goals, we plan to conduct three studies: a prospective monocenter study including a cohort of children admitted during a 1-year period in a tertiary PICU in Montreal, Canada; a retrospective bi-center study including a cohort of children admitted during a 5-year period in the tertiary PICUs of Lille and Lyon; and an international survey distributed to PICU physicians across the world and aiming to assess their prescriptions of red blood cells, iron and erythropoietin to children anemic at PICU discharge.These studies are required to assess the importance of the problem, to identify subgroups of children at risk of anemia after critical illness, to raise hypotheses on the causes of this anemia, and to determine the way pediatric intensivists perceive and treat discharge anemia (do they treat it like they treat anemia during the acute phase of critical illness?). These data will help to construct future studies on this topic and to interpret the results of these future studies
Bernard, Jean-Christophe. „Analyse de la morbidité infectieuse et de la mortalité chez l'adulte après splénectomie en réanimation traumatologique“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHersan, Olivier. „PMSI et analyse de l'activité du service de réanimation de l'hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy : avantages et limites“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNovy, Emmanuel. „Interactions hôte-candida au cours des péritonites fongiques graves de réanimation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntra-abdominal candidiasis in the critically ill patient is a pathology burdened with high morbidity and mortality. To date, it is not known whether this high mortality is directly attributable to Candida or whether the fact of isolating Candida in the peritoneal fluid is an indirect witness to the patient's underlying conditions (severity or comorbidities). One of the sources of controversy relates to the pathogen itself: the Candida yeast is a pathogen of the commensal flora of the digestive tract which gives it a colonizing status. Based on other clinical pathologies involving Candida, this premise requires an intact microbiota and immune response. We hypothesised that, during intra-abdominal candidiasis, Candida changes from a colonizing pathogen to an infecting pathogen under the influence of environmental stress (peritoneal fluid, coinfection with bacteria) and in the absence of eradicator immunity. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate the change in Candida status by a multimodal approach. The Candida morphology and growth (phenotype), the expression of the gene involved in its pathogenicity (molecular) and metabolic activity (heat production) will be evaluated in peritoneal samples from critically ill patients with peritonitis. Secondary objectives encompass (i) the evaluation of “non-culture” based method to rule in or out the presence of Candida during severe intra-abdominal infections the 1.3 beta-d-glucan to rule out the presence of intra-abdominal candidiasis, and (ii) the optimisation of antifungal dosing using a pharmacological approach. The diagnostic optimisation will focus on the interest of peritoneal 1.3 beta-d-glucan and the evaluation of an innovative microcalorimetry method to rule out and in the presence of Candida in the peritoneal fluid. To optimise the drug dosing, a narrative review of all study evaluating antifungal dosing regimens and pharmacokinetic data will be performed. Diagnostic and therapeutic optimisation belong to the antifungal stewardship which will be described in the context of intra-abdominal candidiasis. Last, the immune status appears to have a major role in the control of Candida infection. The state of art of the immune aspects of fungal control will be performed. Thus, this study lays the groundwork for future research on intra-abdominal candidiasis, including the identification of relevant patient populations, analysis of Candida virulence factors, assessment of the adequacy of antifungal treatment, and evaluation of immune status. The ultimate goal is to work towards personalized medicine, aiming to provide antifungal treatment to the patients who really need it, with the right dosage and duration
Genay, Stéphanie. „Optimisation des montages de perfusion en anesthésie-réanimation : au travers d'expériences cliniques“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor the simultaneous administration of injectable drugs, the infusion line includes a main line with one or several derivative lines. The main line, which is directly connected to the catheter, is dedicated to hydration infusion or to maintain a permeable vein. Other medications will be added on the derivative lines.Intensive care unit patients frequently require lots of medications in the same time. Most of emergency drugs are substances with narrow therapeutic range. When concentrated solutions are employed, tiny mass flow rate disturbances can provoke clinical damages, such as haemodynamic instability. So, several parameters have been studied on simultaneous infusions: mass flow rate and syringes changeovers.The purpose of this work was to develop and optimize complex infusion line systems. An innovative infusion medical device has been evaluated in clinical trials and in vitro studies. The final objective was to design an optimized infusion line, which could be applied to ICUs.The whole medical devices used in ICUs was first listed. Then, noradrenaline has been used as the reference drug to study central venous catheter proximal line. A 0.5 mg/mL noradrenaline solution Y-infused with a saline (5mL/h) has been shown by clinical and in vitro data to be the best solution. Nevertheless, this conclusion was valid only with the use of a very low dead-space volume Y-extension set. Thanks to this device, syringe changeovers optimization is possible.The central venous catheter distal line has been studied in a second time through an open randomized controlled prospective clinical trial. Primary endpoint of the study was the impact of two different insulin infusion lines (Edelvaiss-Multiline 8, Doran International versus standard line) on glycaemic variability. Doran’s innovative device consists of an exten¬sion set with eight accesses connected to nine separated lumens in a single tube. This allows to dedicate an isolated way for insulin. With its use, a significant decrease of hypoglycaemia occurring in 1000h of infusion period was clinically demonstrated. Finally, all the data were synthetized to optimize an ICU multi-infusion line. The one, which has been designed for surgery and intensive care units, was tested on patients.To conclude, items responsible for mass flow rate disturbances have been identified: medical devices material, addition of appropriated valves, internal volume line minimization and use of automated infusion systems (as pumps). The ideal infusion line has to take into account all these parameters
Bailly, Sébastien. „Utilisation des antifongiques chez le patient non neutropénique en réanimation“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCandida species are among the main pathogens isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) and are responsible for a serious systemic infection: invasive candidiasis. A late and unreliable diagnosis of invasive candidiasis aggravates the patient's status and increases the risk of short-term death. The current guidelines recommend an early treatment of patients with high risks of invasive candidiasis, even in absence of documented fungal infection. However, increased antifungal drug consumption is correlated with increased costs and the emergence of drug resistance whereas there is yet no consensus about the benefits of the probabilistic antifungal treatment.The present work used modern statistical methods on longitudinal observational data. It investigated the impact of systemic antifungal treatment (SAT) on the distribution of the four Candida species most frequently isolated from ICU patients', their susceptibilities to SATs, the diagnosis of candidemia, and the prognosis of ICU patients. The use of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for time series confirmed the negative impact of SAT use on the susceptibilities of the four Candida species and on their relative distribution over a ten-year period. Hierarchical models for repeated measures showed that SAT has a negative impact on the diagnosis of candidemia: it decreases the rate of positive blood cultures and increases the time to positivity of these cultures. Finally, the use of causal inference models showed that early SAT has no impact on non-neutropenic, non-transplanted patient prognosis and that SAT de-escalation within 5 days after its initiation in critically ill patients is safe and does not influence the prognosis
Silvent, Anne-Sophie. „Extraction de connaissances pour la construction de scénarios médicaux“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaudry, Stéphane. „Critères de jugement dans les essais contrôlés randomisés en réanimation“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC252/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe choice of relevant primary and secondary endpoints is an essential step of the design of a randomized controlled trial. In our first work, we conducted a systematic review on patient-important outcomes in randomized controlled trials in critically ill patients. Indeed, clinical decision-making by ICU physicians now pursues the goal of improving mean and long-term outcomes in survivors in addition to increasing their chance of survival. We defined patient-important outcomes as on one hand, outcomes involving mortality at any time, and on the other, quality of life and functional outcomes assessed after ICU discharge. We found that a minority of primary outcomes (27/112,24%) used in randomized controlled trials published in 2013, were patient-important outcomes and that mortality accounted for the vast majority of them. Our analysis of most recently published trials (first half 2016) showed that patient-important outcomes were used in the samelow proportions (25% of the primary outcomes were patient-important outcomes) We then addressed the question of how well withholding and with drawal of life support therapies(W-WLST) decisions were reported in RCT in critically ill patients and how such decisions could impact mortality as outcome measure in these trials. We found that W-WLST decisions, although being a daily concern in routine practice, were scarcely reported in these trials, since they appeared in only 6 of 65 (9%) during follow-up. We further explored the impact of an imbalance in such decisions between the 2 arms of a randomized controlled trial, through a simulation study. This simulation showed that the intervention could appear as protective, if the decision of W-WLST was delayed in the interventional arm, even though the intervention had no true effecton survival. Finally, we performed a randomized controlled study (Artificial Kidney Initiation in Kidney Injury,AKIKI) using mortality as primary outcome and paid attention to report the rate of W-WLSTdecisions in the 2 arms
Fléchelles, Olivier. „Études épidémiologiques régionales et nationales des infections virales respiratoires sévères de l’enfant : intérêts pour la prise en charge préventive et curative“. Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0371/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRespiratory viruses are responsible for much pediatric pathology with significant morbidity. These viruses are well known for a long time but are subject to constant changes. The development of antibiotics, antivirals, intensive care, vaccination, knowledge on hygiene has modified the impact of these viruses on human populations. Our predominantly urban lifestyles support local viral spread by bringing almost all children together in nurseries or schools. In the same way, the large use of modern transport facilities especially air transport (which connect all continents between them) facilitate the world viral spread. In this new environment, should we apply the same medical reasoning all over the world to fight against these infections? This thesis brings new knowledge on this topic, focusing on influenza virus and syncytial respiratory virus:1) During Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, hospitalizations of children with asthma increase, but they were least often to be ventilated during their pediatric intensive care stay.2) The value of vaccination against the pandemic virus to reduce the use of assisted ventilation in children hospitalized in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.3) Canada did not experience a third pandemic wave in 2010 because of a massive vaccination campaign that, even late, was effective one year later.4) The bronchiolitis season in the tropics is different from what we know in temperate countries. It is mandatory to adjust management recommendations in the light of regional data.By describing the kinetics and impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on children in pediatric intensive care in Canada from October 2009 to March 2011, comparing this cohort to a similar cohort in France, and comparing 2 epidemics of VRS in Martinique (French West Indies) in 2007 and 2008 with those that have been carried out in temperate countries, this thesis is an example why we have to constantly question our knowledge because of climate change, change in society and medical knowledge evolution
Lavigne, Thierry. „Surveillance des infections nosocomiales en réanimation : intérêt d'une approche multimodale clinico-biologique et étude d'impact“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ123/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonitoring the infection acquired in intensive care units (ICU-AI) is a strategic tool for the control of hospital-associated infections. We enhanced the national surveillance database REA-RAISIN with the local diagnosis-related group database. This allows us to have data on the whole hospitalization and assess additional risk factors. The assessment of the impact of these ICU-AI on mortality and length of stay needs appropriate and multiple statistical analysis to take in account various potential bias, including time-dependent bias and competitive risk. This impact is a function of the kind of IAR. Mortality is most affected by bacteremia, more lightly by pneumonia and stay equivalent for patients with or without urinary tract infections. On the other hand, excess of length of stay was the most important for patients with pneumonia and urinary tract infections but moderate for those with bacteremia.Finally, studying the carriage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus appeared insufficient to detect outbreaks and does not measure the risk associated with SASM carriage
Salmon, Gandonniere Charlotte. „Iohexol et fonction rénale en réanimation : contribution diagnostique et toxicité“. Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3311/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere is no gold standard for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation in intensive care unit. We measured iohexol clearance in 20 patients experiencing acute circulatory failure (5 mL iohexol bolus, urine and blood-sample collections over 24h). Urinary and plasma clearances were equivalent; rapid fluid infusion did not influence plasma clearance. We studied iohexol clearance repartition in 85 patients experiencing acute circulatory failure. Forty-one (48%) had a GFR < 30 mL.min-1, 29 (34%) between 30 and 60mL.min-1, 10 (12%) between 60 and 90mL.min-1, 4 (5%) between 90 and 130 mL.min-1 and 1 (1%) > 130 mL.min-1. We measured lesion biomarkers [TIMP-2].[IGFBP-7], before, 6h and 24h after an injected computed tomography scan; there was no significant raise in the biomarkers. This result supports the hypothesis that contrast media are armless in intensive care units. To conclude, iohexol can be considered as a gold standard for GFR estimation in acute-circulatory-failure patients regarding feasibility, reliability and safety
Fernandez, Oviedo Abril Nicole. „Effets de regrouper les soins sur la stabilité physiologique des nouveau-nés prématurés hospitalisés à l’unité de soins intensifs néonatals“. Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24541.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study was to compare the physiological stability during and after clustered care of preterm infants between born between 24 and 316/7 weeks of gestational age and hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) versus a non-clustered standard care. Ten preterm infants, between 24.2 and 29.6 weeks of gestational age at birth, were recruited for the study. The analysis of covariance with repeated measures controlling for noise showed no significant difference in SCRIP scores between the periods of clustered care and control. In light of these results, preterm infants should benefit from this intervention when hospitalized in the NICU, in order to reduce the frequency of manipulations, offer longer periods of sleep and limit their energy expenditure.
De, Clifford-Faugère Gwenaelle. „Intervention de stimulation olfactive avec du lait maternel pour diminuer la réponse à la douleur procédurale des nouveau-nés prématurés : une étude pilote“. Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19449.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePreterm neonates experience many painful procedures during their hospitalisation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) where heel prick is the most frequent painful intervention. Repeated and untreated pain has long term consequences for preterm neonates. The use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management interventions is limited for preterm neonates. Therefore, it is essential to investigate new pain management interventions such as breast milk odor. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an olfactive stimulation intervention to manage procedural pain of preterm neonates, born between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, during heel prick. A pilot study was conducted with 12 preterm neonates, 11 mothers and 20 nurses in a level III NICU. The study group was familiarised with breast milk odor for nine hours preceding blood sampling. Breast milk odor was combined with standard care during heel prick and pain was measured by the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised. Self-reported questionnaires administered to mothers (n = 11) and nurses (n = 20) confirmed the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, with a proportion of over 80% for both of these items. Observed effect indicated that the closer the compress with the breast milk odor was to the preterm neonates’ nose (n=12), the shorter time to return to baseline after the painful procedure was and the lower the pain score was on the PIPP-R. Breast milk odor is a non-pharmacological pain management intervention which is non-expensive and feasible for mothers and nurses. Findings of this pilot study guide the methodology of a randomized controlled trial.
Guyet, Thomas. „Interprétation collaborative de séries temporelles. Application à des données de réanimation médicale“. Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264145.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeltempo, Marc. „Impact de l’organisation des soins en néonatalogie : association entre les heures supplémentaires infirmières, les ressources infirmières, le taux d’occupation et les infections nosocomiales“. Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19460.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJanvier, Annie. „The moral difference between premature infants and neonates compared to older patients“. Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6503.
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