Thematische Bibliographien / Union Nations

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Union Nations“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Union Nations"

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Cao, Shixiong, Xinyi Zheng und Junze Zhang. „Challenge of political globalization“. Time & Society 28, Nr. 2 (28.06.2017): 828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x17716550.

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Globalization represents an intriguing new way to increase global prosperity. However, it represents a dramatic contrast to events in previous centuries, both in the West and in China, when most unions resulted from warfare and conquest rather than from peaceful negotiations. This can be seen in the increase in military conflict and decrease in political stability in many parts of the world in recent years. Therefore, achieving a union of nations through economic methods may reduce the risk of military conflict if nations can find ways to turn conflicts into a mixture of national cooperation and healthy competition (“coopetition”), leading to the evolution of a new world political order. Unlike previous efforts to create peaceful unions, such as the Global League of Nations, the new union of nations may succeed because it emphasizes the political and economic self-interest of each member state, thereby offering the possibility of win–win solutions. Through this process, conflict can become cooperation because the union of political powers with different ideologies under a unified regime will provide a dispute resolution mechanism and mitigate the risk of conflict. To achieve that goal, it will be necessary to develop a new way of thinking that emphasizes peaceful cooperation and competition rather than warfare.
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Bolkestein, Frits. „A Union of many nations“. Asia Europe Journal 2, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2004): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-004-0112-x.

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3

Hannington-Pinto, Daniel. „Australian Transnational Union Solidarity through Union-Building in Timor-Leste“. Labour History 116, Nr. 1 (01.05.2019): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.7.

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Australian union support for the development of an organised labour movement in independent Timor-Leste has received scant attention. Looking to address this gap in the literature, this article focuses on the contributions of two individual activists between 2002 and 2003: Didge McDonald, from the Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union; and the Maritime Union of Australia’s Michael Killick. Their role in the development of Timorese unions was a crucial counterweight to the exploitation of domestic workers by foreign businesses – a phenomenon expedited by the macroeconomic implications of the broader United Nations state-building mission. Considered through the prism of nation-building at the civil society level, Australian union assistance to Timor-Leste is presented as a valuable example of how cross-border partnerships following the model of New Labour Internationalism can help workers challenge the growing reach of transnational capital.
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Konjak, Ibrahim, und Isra Shengul Chebi. „NATIONAL IDENTITY IN CENTRAL ASIA“. Alatoo Academic Studies 21, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2021.211.34.

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Nationalization and the formation of a national state structure in the countries of Central Asia arose initially with the emergence of ethnic identity. The formation of ethnic identity in the countries of Central Asia is a process that began during the Tsarist era and was ultimately completed mainly during the Soviet Union. The formation of ethnic identity is the most important factor in social modernization in Central Asia. Since the formation of ethnic identity is an absolutely modern phenomenon. Modernization in Central Asia, in fact, was implemented in a top-down fashion. The rise of nations was carried out through the nation states developed by the Soviets. In other words, the nation states created during the period of the Union of Soviets in Central Asia are also creators of nations in the modern sense of the word.
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KHEIFETS, V. L., und L. V. KHADORICH. „UNION OF SOUTH AMERICAN NATIONS: CLOUDED PROSPECTS“. World Economy and International Relations 63, Nr. 2 (2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-2-85-93.

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Flavin, Patrick, und Benjamin Radcliff. „Labor union membership and voting across nations“. Electoral Studies 30, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2011): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2011.06.001.

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Oborni, Teréz. „The Union of the Estates in the Principality of Transylvania“. Historical Studies on Central Europe 4, Nr. 1 (24.07.2024): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2024-1.06.

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The paper briefly describes the basis of the constitution of the Principality of Transylvania, the union of Estates. Among the antecedents, it reviews the late medieval alliances of the Estates that were made by the nations (nationes) living in Transylvania, highlighting that the three ‘political nations’ were not nations or ethnicities in the modern sense, but rather were separated by their privileges and legal status. Based on Latin and Hungarian sources, the author reveals the covenants as renewed in the Articles of Law and emphasized that the concept of Union was broadened in the seventeenth century so that it no longer served only to support the unity of the state but also guaranteed the maintenance of the privileges of the Estates. The most precise interpretation of the Union was set out in the Approbatae Constitutiones, a collection of laws compiled in 1653.
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Kokebayeva, G. K. „ACTIVITIES OF THE «TURKESTAN NATIONAL UNION» IN EUROPE“. History of the Homeland 95, Nr. 3 (27.09.2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2021_3_182.

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The article discusses the history of the “Turkestan National Union” in Europe. This organization was created by the Turkic emigrants consisting of the most educated and cultural layers of the Turkic nations of the former Russian empire. They contributed greatly to developing the ideological basis for the national liberation struggle of the Turkic nations in the USSR. The political activity of emigrants from the Soviet Union in Europe was carried out mainly within the framework of the “Prometheus” League. “Prometheus” was a political club that united a number of independent national organizations of the former colonial regions of the Russian Empire. The sources for the study - are documents and materials from the European archives. The main ideas and goals of the “Turkestan National Union” are viewed as an alternative to the creation of Soviet republics in Turkestan.
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Febrian, Emil Dwi. „Runtuhnya Marxisme-Leninisme di Uni Soviet dalam Teori Ashabiyah Ibnu Khaldun“. Jurnal Filsafat 31, Nr. 1 (24.04.2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jf.49944.

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This article examines history collapse of the Soviet Union with Ibn Khaldun's ashabiyah theory. The Soviet Union was first communist nation founded in 1922 after fall of the Russian-Monarchy due to the crisis and saparatist movement in 1917. Post World War II, the Soviet Union became a center of the communist movement around the world, and advanced in industrial sector, known as a superpower nation in the 20th century beside the United States. However, the Soviet Union was declared collapsed in 1991. This article found that Ibn Khaldun's ashabiyah can explain history of the Soviet Union in three stages of state metamorphosis; formation, glory, and collapse. Ashabiyah means a bond that unites the people, but it can be positive and negative. Analysis with negative ashabiyah, concluded that the collapse of Marxism-Leninism in Soviet Union was due to the denial of this philosophical teaching to create the privileges of the Communist Party became an authoritarian regime, and considered irrelevant and opposed by society. Authoritarianism happaned because of exclusivism and cult, and could occur in non-communist nations, including Indonesia in the New Order era, this shows that it is not ideology that created of authoritarian regimes, but political practices in specific nations.
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Sabic, Dejan, und Mila Pavlovic. „European Union: Chronology of union idea as a dominant characteristics of European nations“. Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 86, Nr. 2 (2006): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0602089s.

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This paper deals with basic concepts, problems, and perspectives of idea of community with the aspect of science. This paper explains those trends of this idea in science during history until Second World War, and new trends in new conceptual base of European future.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Union Nations"

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Beale, Benjamin. „The United States, the Soviet Union and the United Nations : the United Nations as intermediary /“. Title page, contents and introduction only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb3663.pdf.

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Wood, Stephen. „Germany, Europe and the persistence of nations : transformation, interests and identity 1989-1996 /“. Title page, abstract, contents and preface only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw879.pdf.

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Bouchard, Caroline. „Managing expectations : the European Union and human security at the United Nations“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3261.

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This thesis explores the conditions under which the EU is an effective actor at the United Nations in the policy area of human security. Since the late 1990s, the United Nations has been increasingly active in addressing challenges posed by human security concerns. The concept of human security was introduced to emphasize the post-Cold War shift from a state-centred approach to security to an approach focused on the security of individuals. The EU is considered by some as a driving force in the UN policy process and has presented itself as a leader in the promotion of concrete initiatives to address human security challenges. This thesis seeks to examine whether the EU is truly an effective actor at the UN in human security negotiations and aims to identify conditions which influence the EU’s effectiveness. This thesis suggests that the analysis of conditions affecting the EU’s effectiveness at the UN requires the understanding of the ways in which a complex web of actors and institutions interact at three different levels: international, European Union and domestic. Using a multilevel game approach, this thesis examines the willingness of EU actors to work collectively at the UN (internal effectiveness) and the achievements of the EU’s objectives (external effectiveness). This thesis analyzes three cases of human security negotiations: 1) the ban on anti-personnel landmines, 2) the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons (SALW) and 3) the involvement of children in armed conflicts. Factors which have affected the EU’s internal and external effectiveness are identified in each of the case studies. The thesis uses qualitative methods such as expert interviews, documentary analysis and nonparticipant observation. This thesis demonstrates that, at the international level, the commitment of the EU to multilateralism can have an effect on the EU’s effectiveness in human security negotiations. The position of other key UN actors (such as the United States and the G-77) regarding a potential agreement also appears to directly influence EU Member States in achieving their objectives. The thesis argues that the use of consensus in the negotiations process can have a significant impact on the EU’s effectiveness. At the EU level, the analysis reveals that several key EU Member States channelled their efforts to convince their EU partners to act on all three issues. This thesis shows how the role of the EU presidency in coordinating the position of EU Member States can also affect the EU effectiveness in human security negotiations. The support of France, Germany and the United Kingdom, three dominant players in the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy, seems also particularly influential in negotiations. Finally, the case studies suggest that domestic politics can directly shape the EU’s effectiveness. Internal negotiations in EU Member States and the involvement of NGOs at the domestic level are two other factors which influence the EU’s effectiveness.
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Hegemann, Hendrik [Verfasser]. „International Counterterrorism Bureaucracies in the United Nations and the European Union / Hendrik Hegemann“. Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1107603013/34.

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Biscoe, Adam John. „The interface between Europe's two regionalisms : the European Union and sub-state nations“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310711.

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Bergholm, Linnea. „The African Union-United Nations relationship and civilian protection in Darfur, 2004-2007“. Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/ee1c17fd-6f72-4661-94c1-dd02053e2e4d.

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This thesis argues that regional-global collaborations for the protection of civilians can be understood through the lens of the collective legitimation function of international organisations. Such a perspective attempts to go beyond – not supplant – the existing explanations for the performance of regional-global collaborations that focus on material, legal and political factors. The thesis builds on Katharina Coleman’s important theoretical framework that she calls a global legitimacy pyramid, but it also supplements it. While Coleman’s model acknowledges that all international organisations have some legitimating potential, it was not her central focus to develop this argument. Doing so is my point of departure for the thesis. With my complements, the model provides for stronger emphasis on the agency and the legitimacy contests at the regional and sub-regional levels. This perspective is used to shed new light on the AU-UN relationship, and on the consensus position that has emerged between a majority of member states in both the AU and the UN that the AU was best placed to take the political and military lead in the response to the conflict in Darfur. The research questions of the project are: (1) when the UNSC chooses to exercise its primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security through a regional organisation, how can the impacts of this decision best be analysed? And (2) how did the AU-UN relationship impact on civilian protection in the case of Darfur? With the notion of ‘co-dependency’ I attempt to show that both organisations’ legitimacy is dependent upon being seen to contribute to the provision of international peace and security.
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Motsch, Pascaline. „La doctrine des droits fondamentaux des États : vers un redéploiement fédéraliste ou étatiste ?“ Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0132.

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La présente étude se propose de revisiter la doctrine classique des droits fondamentaux des États, et cherche à vérifier si c’est à raison qu’elle fut rejetée, ou si elle trouve désormais quelque environnement juridique plus favorable à son redéploiement. Opposés trait pour trait aux droits dits relatifs ou accessoires qui trouvent leur source dans le droit conventionnel et coutumier, les droits de conservation, de souveraineté, d’égalité, de respect et de commerce, sont conçus comme fondamentaux dans un sens évidemment matériel – ce sont des droits constitutifs de l’État-nation et, inversement, des droits dont l’aliénation totale ou partielle anéantirait ou diminuerait la personnalité de l’État qui y consentirait –, mais également dans un sens formel – la violation d’un droit fondamental étatique emportant des effets juridiques spécifiques comme la nullité des traités et le recours à la guerre. Or, en raison de la contradiction entre l’horizontalité de l’ordre juridique international et la fondamentalité des droits étatiques, ainsi que du fondement très individualiste de la doctrine, celle-ci subit les attaques des écoles positivistes et néo-naturalistes durant l’entre-deux-guerres, et finit par être absolument rejetée au sortir du deuxième conflit mondial. Prenant toutefois acte du regain d’intérêt doctrinal que suscitent les droits étatiques, tant en droit international qu’en droit de l’Union européenne et en droit constitutionnel, dans le contexte d’une société internationale qui a beaucoup évolué, il s’agit de vérifier si certains droits étatiques, prétendus fondamentaux, répondent bel et bien aux critères matériel et formel de la fondamentalité d’un droit. Dans une perspective fédéraliste, c’est-à-dire d’une protection institutionnalisée des droits étatiques, les États obtiennent-ils par exemple une garantie de leur droit à la survie dans le cadre des Nations Unies ou d’un droit au respect de leur identité nationale dans le cadre de l’Union européenne ? Dans une perspective étatiste, c’est-à-dire d’une protection unilatérale des droits étatiques, si les internationalistes classiques théorisent à raison que l’aliénation des droits souverains et des droits identitaires portent atteinte à la qualité d’État-nation, la garantie de tels droits ne relève-t-elle pas alors davantage de l’ordre juridique national que de l’ordre juridique international, auquel il n’échoit pas de protéger l’État contre lui-même
This thesis revisits the classical doctrine of fundamental rights of States, and attempts to determine whether it was rightly rejected, or if it could now be redeployed within a more adequate legal framework. In contrast with the so-called relative or accessory rights, which find their source in customary and conventional law, the rights to self-preservation, sovereignty, equality, dignity and mutual commerce are conceived as fundamental in a material sense – because they are inherently linked to the Nation-State and, conversely, a Nation-State could not dispose of them without affecting its statehood –, but they are also conceived in a formal sense – because their violation implies specific legal effects as the rights of the affected State to invoke invalidity of rules found in contradiction of them and, ultimately, to resort to war. In that respect, while classical internationalists hand down to posterity a notable theory of fundamental rights of States, they paradoxically claim to deploy it in the international legal order, which is radically horizontal. Therefore, somehow resisting from doctrinal attacks, the theory of fundamental rights of States was finally abandoned in the second half of last century. Nevertheless, acknowledging the renewed doctrinal interest in state rights, both in international law, in European Union law and in constitutional law, in the context of an evolving international society, the point is to question whether these states’ rights meet the materiel and formal criteria of the fundamentality of rights. In a federalist perspective, namely an institutional protection of state rights, do States obtain, for instance, a protection of their right to survival within the United Nations and a protection of their right to respect for national identity within the European Union ? From a statist point of view, namely a unilateral protection of state rights, if classical internationalists correctly theorize that the alienation of sovereign and identity rights undermine the quality of a Nation-State, does the protection of such rights fall within the international legal order or rather within the national legal order ?
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Majinge, Charles Riziki. „The United Nations, the African Union and the rule of law in Southern Sudan“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/845/.

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The argument of this thesis is that measures taken by international bodies to establish the rule of law in postconflict situations are undertaken in the mistaken belief that they will automatically enhance conditions for the rule of law to flourish. In fact, examination of the situation in Southern Sudan demonstrates that there is a wide disconnection between the measures pursued and the outcome of the process. This study will therefore inquire into the different meanings attributed to the concept of the rule of law in order to establish what the concept signifies in the context of statebuilding, with a focus on Southern Sudan. How does the theoretical understanding of the rule of law correlate with the legal and institutional measures taken by international organizations such as the United Nations and the African Union to build the effectiveness of the state in Southern Sudan? The study will further address issues such as what kind of state institutions are envisaged by rule of law reforms, together with the historical and theoretical imperatives which orient and drive the rule of law building process in post-conflict situations. The research is envisaged as a contribution to the debate on how to make ‘rule of law work on the ground’. It is hoped that if practitioners and policy makers take into account the findings of this study, their contribution to rule of law reforms in countries like Southern Sudan that have experienced protracted conflicts will not only achieve their objectives of reforms but also significantly improve the social and economic wellbeing and human rights protection of the people in whose name these reforms are pursued.
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Krasner, Tate Q. „Identity Crisis: Interorganizational Cooperation and Competition within the Peacekeeping Regime Complex“. Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106773.

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Thesis advisor: Jennifer Erickson
What explains why international and regional organizations in some cases choose to cooperate during peacekeeping operations, while in other cases find themselves competing for resources and control? This thesis seeks to explain variation in coordination, competition, and cooperation between international and regional organizations in the area of peacekeeping. In the post-Cold War era, a number of factors—including the proliferation of increasingly capable organizational actors, expansion of mandated tasks, and increasing complexity of conflict—have led to the development of an international peacekeeping “regime complex.” This complex is characterized by multiple international institutions that exhibit overlapping membership, are actively involved in matters of peace and security, and are connected by normative and operative interaction, both official and ad hoc. In some cases, this complex functions smoothly, while in others, it does not. By examining materialist, dependency, and identity factors at work in the peacekeeping regime complex, this thesis explores institutional interaction and the drivers of both rivalry and collaboration in the context of four cases: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Mali, and Somalia. I hypothesize that organizations will cooperate when they hold complementary understandings of their roles within the peacekeeping regime complex, but will compete when these identities clash and overlap. Understanding these dynamics will not only lead to recommendations for more effective and efficient peacekeeping operations, but also contribute more generally to the growing theoretical field of regime complexity in international relations
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Scholar of the College
Discipline: International Studies
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Moutardier, Claudine. „Réflexions sur l'application des sanctions internationales dans la pratique contemporaine des États“. Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010298.

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Le principe de souveraineté qui prévaut dans la société internationale rend difficile la perception de la technique des sanctions mais force est de constater que quelque soit l'époque les Etats y jouent un rôle, différent certes, mais prépondérant. C'est sur ce postulat que nous avons construit notre étude: apprécier la place de l'Etat dans le système de sanction internationale. Cette réflexion n'est pas dénuée d'ambigui͏̈té car l'Etat joue un double rôle, acteur au sein de l'organisation chargée de mettre en oeuvre les sanctions; il devient maître de leur application dans son ordre interne. Il est un relais indispensable, de lui va dépendre la pérennité ou l'effritement du système de sanction. De la Société des nations aux Nations Unies l'évolution est incontestable. Le Pacte de la S. D. N. A souffert de l'insuffisance des limitations de pouvoirs consenties par les Etats et par voie de conséquence l'application des dispositions du Pacte en matière de sanctions n'a pas été convaincante. Les différences sont fondamentales avec la Charte des Nations Unies, l'adoption de ce texte a marqué une rupture avec l'ancien système qui s'est traduit par l'instauration d'un mécanisme de sanction collectif dont le déclenchement ne dépend pas de la seule appréciation des Etats.
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Bücher zum Thema "Union Nations"

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Laatikainen, Katie Verlin, und Karen E. Smith, Hrsg. The European Union at the United Nations. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230503731.

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Anne-Marie, Le Gloannec, Hrsg. Entre union et nations: L'Etat en Europe. Paris: Presses de Sciences po, 1998.

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Polonskai͡a, L. R. The Soviet Union and the Moslem nations. New Delhi: Panchsheel Publishers, 1988.

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1947-, Colton Timothy J., Legvold Robert, Averell Harriman Institute for Advanced Study of the Soviet Union. und American Assembly, Hrsg. After the Soviet Union: From empire to nations. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1992.

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Babbin, Jed L. Inside the asylum: Why the UN and Old Europe are worse than you think. Washington, D.C: Regnery Publ., 2004.

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Babbin, Jed L. Inside the asylum: Why the UN and Old Europe are worse than you think. Washington, D.C: Regnery Pub., 2004.

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Group, European Research. A Europe of nations: Conclusions of the European Research Group. London: The Group, 1995.

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Diuk, Nadia. The hidden nations: The people challenge the Soviet Union. New York: Morrow, 1990.

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1965-, Laatikainen Katie Verlin, und Smith, Karen E., 1965 July 19-, Hrsg. The European Union at the United Nations: Intersecting multilateralism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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Association, European Free Trade. Four European nations: Facts and figures. Geneva: European Free Trade Association, 1998.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Union Nations"

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Thatcher, Margaret. „A Family of Nations“. In The European Union, 45–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23984-9_8.

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Thatcher, Margaret. „A Family of Nations“. In The European Union, 49–54. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14817-2_8.

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Pinto, José Filipe. „European Union: Politics and Policies“. In Politics Between Nations, 111–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24896-2_6.

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Friend, Julius W. „The Stateless Nations and the European Union“. In Stateless Nations, 162–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137008206_9.

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Galushko, Artem. „A Union or, rather, a Dis-Union of Nations?“ In State-Building, Rule of Law, Good Governance and Human Rights in Post-Soviet Space, 150–64. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198024-14.

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„The European Union“. In National Implementation of United Nations Sanctions, 123–65. Brill | Nijhoff, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047406310_008.

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„Universal Postal Union“. In United Nations Treaty Series, 553–57. UN, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/c39f2e6c-en-fr.

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„The European Union“. In The Size of Nations. The MIT Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6261.003.0013.

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„African Union“. In Permanent Missions to the United Nations, 350. United Nations, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789213585009c196.

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„European Union“. In Permanent Missions to the United Nations, 359–61. United Nations, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789213585009c205.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Union Nations"

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Aanstoos, Ted A., und Manfred Schmiemann. „Evaluating the Economic Impact of Harmonized Product Standards in the European Union“. In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79257.

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After its 2004 enlargement to 25 member nations, the European Union, with a population of 452 million and a GDP surpassing $10 trillion, represents one of the most powerful economic engines in the world, and is the primary trading and investment partner with the US. However, in spite of the mostly integrated single market in Europe, internal trade between member nations can be hindered by competing national level technical standards. To address such inefficiencies, the European Commission issues standardization directives under the New Approach doctrine, adopted in 1985 to harmonize product standards in Europe. This paper attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the New Approach by analyzing European production and trade data, internal and external, of certain products governed by New Approach norms, in order to determine if economic activity in those products was significantly impacted by the streamlined standards, while controlling for other socioeconomic factors.
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Kuşcu, Sinan. „European Union, Eurasian Transportation Policies and Prospective Effects on Region Economies“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00504.

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Accessibility is assumed as one of the most important indicators of a modern and advanced society. EU has structuring and development models in issues like transportation, informatics, politics, education, justice etc. The EU member states conduct intensive studies in fields of importance in line with a state’s individual priorities. The fundamental purpose of these studies is to bolster social welfare of member states, to improve trade and to attain commercial advantages over the competitors like Pacific Nations and North America. EU’s Transportation Policies reflect the EU transportation sector’s standards in general. In this study, we will discuss EU’s transportation policies, as a significant actor in the global economy, intended to attain some advantages in the international competition and particularly against Pacific nations as well as the effects of these policies on regional economies.
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LĂDARU, Georgiana-Raluca, Bogdan CHIRIPUCI und Vlad-Constantin TURCEA. „AGRI-FOOD TRADE BALANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION“. In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2021/10/08.

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Current paper focuses on the agri-food trade balance representing an up-to-date piece of research due to both its current applicability and broadness. The EU-28 Member States have been overseen in terms of food trade values and, in most of the identified food categories, trade surplus has been recorded. The paper’s preamble points towards the importance of trade in achieving food security, then the specialized literature is quantitatively reviewed highlighting the increasing interest over this topic and, as the last part of the paper, all the 24 food categories are analyzed. The Netherlands, Spain and Germany are some good examples of leading nations in specific food category groups.
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Thó Monteiro, Francisco. „UNAMID: A Path Towards Hybrid Peacekeeping?“ In 8th Peace and Conflict Resolution Conference [PCRC2021]. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/pcrc.2021.015.

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ABSTRACT In 2007, the United Nations - African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) was established as the first joint peacekeeping operation (PKO) of the United Nations (UN), with the African Union (AU) in Darfur, Sudan, which became known as the first hybrid PKO, bringing together two of the largest international organizations and taking over AMIS (African Union Mission in Sudan). In this paper, we want to understand the purpose of this bilateral relationship, since this hybrid operation opened a window of opportunity for future operations to adopt this typology. Firstly, the responsibility of managing certain conflicts is distributed among other regional organizations, giving them more autonomy and responsibility. Secondly, the “burden” – human and financial – of the UN is somehow eased. To this end, we will gather and process the data relating to the strengths and weaknesses of this PKO typology, with the help of a SWOT analysis, to find clues and bring evidence to light that demonstrate the possibility of this model being replicated in future situations, while respecting the due differences inherent to each mission and each country and region. We concluded that the hybridization of more PKOs could be a reality, albeit dependent on a greater investment by regional organizations in adapting to UN procedures, namely through diverse types of training. In addition, it will always be necessary a prior and careful analysis regarding the implementation of a PKO of this typology, with a concrete and clear definition of the roles of each organization. KEYWORDS: hybrid peacekeeping; United Nations; peacekeeping operations; UNAMID; African Union.
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Stanciu, Sorin Mihai, Raul Pascalau und Carmen Simona Dumitrescu. „ASPECTS REGARIND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA OBJECTIVES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION“. In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s29.86.

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Combating poverty and social exclusion requires addressing individual needs in terms of life cycles. As children growing up in poor households will face a higher risk of poverty in the future, in order to break the intergenerational circle of poverty, the governments must adopt programs aimed at simultaneously child and adult poverty in a household. The intergenerational circle of exclusion is perpetuated when low levels of education and poor health seriously limit the chances of access to the labour market for the next generation of children. Breaking the intergenerational circle of poverty and exclusion will require targeted interventions to eliminate the multiple causes of inequality. A coordinated approach is needed in the implementation of policies, programs and interventions aimed at the poor and vulnerable population as well as at marginalized areas. The European Union and the United Nations are natural partners in the effort to build a safer and better world for all. To this end, the European Union supports effective multilateralism and a rules-based international order, in which the United Nations plays a central role. Being a great success for the EU in negotiating, the Sustainable Development Goals are a useful tool to design EU values and objectives globally and provide a useful common framework for international partnerships. It is therefore in the EU's interest to play a leading role in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda globally through its external action. The 2030 Agenda, together with the Paris Agreement on Climate change, is the roadmap to a better world, the global framework for international cooperation on sustainable development and the economic, social, environmental and governance dimensions of this framework [1]. In this article, the attention is oriented towards the first SDG � No poverty and so, the population exposed to poverty and social exclusion risks is analysed. The main criteria used for the population analyses are the population under 18 years old, the urbanization degree, the social transfers beneficiaries, severe material and social deprivation, low work intensity households or even employed persons exposed to poverty, persons overburdened by housing expenses are also part of this category. The research methods consist of analysing the data from the official sources using the descriptive statistical methods and graphical representations.
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Krstinić Nižić, Marinela, Zvonimira Šverko Grdić und re Endres. „WILL THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BE ACHIEVED IN THE EUROPEAN UNION?“ In Tourism and Hospitality Industry: Trends and Challenges. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thi.27.31.

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Purpose - To harmonize diverse aspects of development, the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlined three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. The goals of the 2030 Agenda cover a wide range of different development issues in which the principles of sustainability are applied at international, national, regional, and local levels. According to the Sustainable Development Goals Report (SDGR, 2023), the European Union is on track to achieve approximately 66% of the Sustainable Development Goals and is making limited progress on an additional 20% of the goals based on key indicators. However, it is falling behind on 13% of the stated goals. The aim of this study is to analyze selected indicators in relation to specific Sustainable Development Goals in targeted countries of the European Union in order to answer the research question: Are the Sustainable Development Goals being achieved in the European Union? Methodology - Eurostat data was analyzed against selected 2030 Agenda indicators to determine progress towards achieving the sustainable development goals in selected European Union countries. Results - Localization of the SDGs is the process of translating the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development into the local context., This includes identifying challenges, as well as defining, implementing and monitoring local actions and policies that contribute to the global achievement of the SDGs. The analysis indicates that EU member states are making progress on some goals but most still have room for improvement. Contribution - The analysis in this article contributes to the broader understanding of SDG indicators of the EU Member States and the importance of local actors in the successful implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The article further recommends the launch of a new EU program for the exchange of best practices between cities and regions across the EU, as well as cities in non-EU regions and continents. This would facilitate identification of global best practices and promote international cooperation. The article also identifies the need to harmonize statistical data for all EU regions.
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Palmer, Debbie, Hannah Walton, Molly McCarthy-Ryan, Gabrielle Henry, Simon Roberts, Nia Evans, Rachel Faull-Brown et al. „518 FO57 – Epidemiology of injuries in women’s rugby union: a multi-centre home nations approach between Scotland, England and Wales“. In 7th IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport, Monaco, 29 February–2 March 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-ioc.57.

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McCarthy-Ryan, Molly, Joanna Perkins, Gráinne Donnelly, Karina Leahy, Caithriona Yeomans, Mairead Liston, Kari Bø, Patrick O’Halloran und Isabel Moore. „470 FO11 – Urinary incontinence prevalence and risk factors in female rugby union players: a common health problem across four nations“. In 7th IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport, Monaco, 29 February–2 March 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-ioc.11.

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Ho Ba, Huy. „Definice terorismu“. In Nestandardní bezpečnostní situace: ústavní, mezinárodní a evropský pohled. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.09228.74-88.

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This article focuses on the definition of terorism, which cross multiple disciplines. Till today, international organizations, such as the United Nations or the European Union have not agreed on its definition. The article discuss es difficulties in this activity, evolution of terrorism itself, methods of commiting it, multiple attemps of definition and suggests possible problems that may arise due to the lack of definition. It also examins on the regulation in the Criminal Code of Czech Republic
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Soeiro, Alfredo. „United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDGs) and Health and Safety“. In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005386.

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A system was developed by ISHCCO (International Safety and Health Construction Coordinators Organization) enabling the benchmarking based on technical standards, on international and national criteria. For these reasons the option made was to deduce the quality criteria from the European legislation and from respective national implementations and support these with already established professional and international standards of the European Qualification Framework (EQF). The qualification framework is divided in three criteria for knowledge, skills and attitudes referring to the individual qualifications. In this detailed proposal the existing and accepted criteria from the area of Safety Health Construction Coordinators professionals were examined and compared with the contents of the European Directive 92/57 by institutions, companies, educational and training organizations in Europe and rest of the world. Considering changes brought by UNSDGs to construction sector, ISHCCO prepared a proposal adapting the current IQF (ISHCCO Qualification Framework) to include sustainability concerns about Ethics, Work and Health. Main topics of the proposal addressed mainly the UNSDGs goals 3: Good Health and Well-being, 4: Quality Education, 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions and 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal. The adaptation of competences reflects the needs of SHCC to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to have an effective contribution towards the development of the UNSDGs goals. The proposal also includes the recent implications provoked by the publication of the European Union - JRC "Green Comp Sustainability Competence Framework". Proposal includes suggestions on how these adapted competences can be acquired by active SHCC, by other active HS professionals and by future professionals in terms of training and of education.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Union Nations"

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Loprinzi, Siena. Refugee Policies and the Interactions of the United Nations and European Union. Portland State University Library, Januar 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.254.

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Allen, James E. Impediments to the effectiveness of the United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada537591.

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Dahir, Ilan. Towards a more effective protection of civilians: United Nations–African Union Collaboration and Ambitions for People-Centric Operations. Folke Bernadotte Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61880/rxba5475.

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[14:09] Agnes Cronholm The protection of civilians (PoC) is considered a key indicator of mission success in UN peacekeeping contexts and is also a major area of focus for AU peace support operations. However, despite their ongoing partnership in several mission contexts, the AU and UN are operating with distinct strategic and operational approaches to PoC, including varying degrees of emphasis on people-centred approaches to PoC. This paper examines some of the challenges that need to be addressed by the UN and AU to ensure that PoC adopts a more people-centred approach and that it is streamlined in future hybrid and parallel operation settings.
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Wakefield, Benjamin. Opportunities for the European Union to Strengthen Biosecurity in Africa. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/hbpq5439.

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The European Union (EU) has a long history of commitment to improving biological security and supporting multilateral approaches to arms controls and non-proliferation. It has supported various biosecurity programmes in recent years and continues to increase its financial support towards these, with a focus on the universalization of the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540. More recently, through Council Decision 2021/2072/ CFSP, the EU has committed even further to strengthening biosafety and biosecurity capabilities in Africa, with more meaningful collaboration and an increase in the local and regional ownership of projects. This provides an opportunity for the EU to continue to broaden its approach and improve coordination with international partners. In particular focus is the newly formed European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), as it develops its international activities. However, there is still a demonstrated need to strengthen biosecurity-related capacities and capabilities across Africa. This paper highlights the significant opportunities for EU engagement and coordination with international initiatives, such as the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) Biosafety and Biosecurity Initiative (BBI) 2021–2025 Strategic Plan and the Global Partnership Signature Initiative to Mitigate Biological Threats in Africa.
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van der Lijn, Jaïr. Fit For Purpose: Effective Peace Operation Partnerships in an Era of Non-Traditional Security Challenges. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/zusn4861.

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These challenges are often of great relevance to the work of peace operations, but such missions may not be the right tool for addressing them. The challenges and their redress are by definition multidimensional and cross-cutting, and often cross-border in character. They therefore require close coordination and cooperation between the United Nations and different partners in the field. At the same time, the multidimensional peace operations landscape is become increasingly diffuse. The New Agenda for Peace, Security Council Resolution 2719 of 21 December 2023 on the financing of African Union-led peace support operations and the upcoming Summit of the Future (22–23 September 2024) seem to hint at a continuation of this trend. Based on dialogue meetings, interviews and a literature and document review, the study examines the work of multilateral peace operations on non-traditional security challenges, the advantages and disadvantages of their involvement and how operations collaborate, cooperate and coordinate with the various other actors involved.
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Kirsten, Ingrid, und Mara Zarka. Balancing the Three Pillars of the NPT: How can Promoting Peaceful Uses Help? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/shzz2322.

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The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the cornerstone of the non-proliferation regime and the centrepiece of global efforts to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and further the goal of general and complete nuclear disarmament. Although there is no implementation body for the NPT, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been entrusted with key verification responsibilities under Article III of the treaty, where it plays an important role in achieving the objectives under Article IV to foster international cooperation for peaceful uses of nuclear energy. This paper argues that peaceful uses of science, technology and applications have an important role to play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Noting that the European Union (EU) is the biggest donor of development assistance, the paper suggests that the EU enhance its contribution to peaceful uses of nuclear science, technology and applications through supporting the IAEA’s technical cooperation activities. This will contribute to delivering the EU’s nonproliferation goals, thus strengthening global human security.
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Bromley, Mark, Lauriane Héau und Giovanna Maletta. Post-shipment On-site Inspections: Multilateral Steps for Debating and Enabling Their Adoption and Use. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/owbx3499.

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Among the key tools that states that export arms and military equipment can adopt to help to prevent and mitigate the diversion of military materiel are post-shipment on-site inspections. These inspections involve the exporting state requiring and conducting physical checks on previously authorized and transferred military materiel on the territory of the importing state. In the past decade a growing number of states have adopted and implemented this policy tool. In addition, some multilateral bodies and instruments—including forums connected to the 2013 Arms Trade Treaty, the European Union and the United Nations—have been used to exchange views on the use of post-shipment on-site inspections and to develop related good practice guidelines. The wider use of post-shipment on-site inspections could help to prevent diversion of military materiel and reduce the human suffering that this generates, but several barriers and challenges appear to be blocking their broader adoption. This SIPRI Policy Paper reviews these barriers and challenges, and summarizes the steps that have been taken at the national level to address them. The paper then examines the steps that have been taken and that could be taken at the multilateral level to expand discussion about post-shipment on-site inspections and help to support those states that are considering adopting this policy tool. For each step, the policy paper presents a series of recommendations that could be taken forward by states, research institutes, or the executives or secretariats of relevant multilateral instruments or bodies.
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Herbert, Siân. Donor Support to Electoral Cycles. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.043.

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This rapid literature review explains the stages of an election cycle, and how donors provide support to electoral cycles. It draws mainly on policy guidance websites and papers due to the questions of this review and the level of analysis taken (global-level, donor-level). It focuses on publications from the last five years, and/or current/forthcoming donor strategies. The electoral cycle and its stages are well-established policy concepts for which there is widespread acceptance and use. Donor support to electoral cycles (through electoral assistance and electoral observation) is extremely widespread, and the dominant donors in this area are the multilateral organisations like the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU), and also the United States (US). While almost all bilateral donors also carry out some work in this area, “almost all major electoral support programmes are provided jointly with international partners” (DFID, 2014, p.5). Bilateral donors may provide broader support to democratic governance initiatives, which may not be framed as electoral assistance, but may contribute to the wider enabling environment. All of the donors reviewed in this query emphasise that their programmes are designed according to the local context and needs, and thus, beyond the big actors - EU, UN and US, there is little overarching information on what the donors do in this area. While there is a significant literature base in the broad area of electoral support, it tends to be focussed at the country, programme, or thematic, level, rather than at the global, or donor, level taken by this paper. There was a peak in global-level publications on this subject around 2006, the year the electoral cycle model was published by the European Commission, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This review concludes by providing examples of the electoral assistance work carried out by five donors (UN, EU, US, UK and Germany).
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Fernández-Arias, Eduardo, und Mark M. Spiegel. North-South Customs Unions and International Capital Mobility. Inter-American Development Bank, März 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011544.

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This paper examines the implications of a North-South trade accord where investments in the Southern partner nation exhibit country risk. Our analysis demonstrates that North-South trade accords can serve as credibility-enhancing mechanisms that induce additional foreign capital inflows into Southern partner nations. The presence of sovereign risk changes the tradeoffs between trade creation and diversion, enhancing the potential for regional trade accords to increase the welfare of accord members.
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Pfeifer, Claudia. Women in Multilateral Peace Operations in 2022: What is the State of Play? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/kijm3695.

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In the year 2000, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security stressed the importance of the full and equal participation of women in all efforts towards the maintenance and promotion of peace and security, including UN peace operations. Following the resolution, organizations and member states involved in multilateral peace operations affirmed their commitment to increase women’s participation in these activities. More than 20 years after the adoption of the resolution, some progress has been achieved in enhancing women’s representation in multilateral peace operations, but much remains to be done. This booklet provides data on aggregate personnel trends, annual snapshots of data on women’s representation in leadership, and annual averages of women personnel in peace operations and in member state contributions. It looks at UN peace operations, European Union Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions and operations, and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) field operations. The objective is to support the efforts of multilateral organizations and their member states to increase the representation of women in multilateral peace operations. The statistics presented in the booklet aim to inform and foster the debate on the future of the women and peace and security agenda within the context of multilateral peace operations. They illustrate to what extent the organizations deploying multilateral peace operations and their member states are making progress towards increasing women’s representation in multilateral peace operations. This overview also enhances the transparency of multilateral peace operations and provides insights into recent trends and developments.
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